Í — ü     DI Yí KĚ        Lesson    1
— x ífeu    Shěngcí   New Words

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1.  —
2.  —
3.  ^
4. i
5.   TT
6.  /V
7.  Ä

(ft
yi
ěr
son
wü
liů
bä
one two
three five




six
eieht
_
8.  #           (ft
9.  £           (ft
10. ft.
wo                        I, me

■
ni
nin
you ( sing . )
'
you ( a respectful form used exclusively
„■

(ft)       tfl
in the singular)
11.  *           (ft)
tö
i2. ň
he, him she, her good, well


*^4
(^)        háo •^^    Zhuänmíng   Proper Names
Li DČnián                  a student' s name
Liú Tiänhuá               a student' s name
GäO Käi                     a teacher's name
ľ*t*&    Kěwén    Texts

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Li Danian and Liu Tianhua greet each other.


*i: tom

Li:    Ní häo! Liú:   NT häo!
n
Li Danian and Gao Kai greet each other.




Li:            Nín häo!
Gäo Kai: Ní häo!





Žgfg    Zhúshi    Notes
1.  ŤIHAÉKjféri^     Chinese personal names
A Chinese name is made up of a surname and a given name, with the former preceding the latter. Surnames are usually single-charactered, with but a few exceptions i.e. surnames of two characters. Given names are composed of one or two characters. To write a name in the phonetic alphabet, the surname and given name are written separately and the first letter of each is capitalized.
tt
M

g

Surname
Li
Liú Gäo
Given name

Dänión
Tiänhuá
Kči




2. Ni^in     Greetings
£Ä," W *!&"#" i&MftfíŠ - ^0
NT häo and nín häo are both common greetings. Nín hÖO is used for elders and strangers to show respect and politeness. Such greetings are suitable at any time and on any occasion, and may be answered with the same greeting.
Note that nT in nT hÖO is pronounced in the second tone.
-s
E. s if m    YüyTn    Phonetics 1. SlišJltpftJÄÝ^fä    The basic structure of Chinese syllables
n a,o,e mWŠínif&fágmňSM l^ffo
Chinese syllables are generally composed of two sections; the initial (the beginning consonant) and the final (the rest of the syllable) . The finals a, O, 6 and those beginning with a, 0, 6 may stand alone as syllables; these are known as syllables without initials.
Initials	Finals	Remarks	Examples
0	er	»Ml* A syllable without an initial	ěr
b d I n t y w w	a a i a i 0 u	Syllables with simple finals ■	bä Dä(nián) Li ní tä yi wo wü
n n s t	in ian an ian	Syllables with nasal endings	n(n (Dä)nián sän Tiän(huá)
g h h k I	ao ao ua ai iu	Syllables with compound finals	Gäo hao (Tiän)hua käi HCl, Liú
ll
2. jSft     Tones

There are four tones in Chinese, as shown in the figure below:
VÍ
5--------------------------------->■-------------------------------------------
SI


3
2

i The 1* tone yT (one)                      The 2nd tone yi (aunt)

3Ü

)=.p*

mp
The 3rd tone yT (chair)                   The 4lh yi (hundred million)

Tones differentiate meanings. A syllable has different meanings when pronounced in different tones (as in the above example) .


3. ^T$fämŕjfa}£    The way to write the tone-marks
-=c  — ^-     I           i— «L  I-l -r* -t.
S7n#±o  tóJÁLT3Ř:
The four tones are indicated respectively by the tone-marks "", ', v, N " which are written over the main vowel of a compound final. The following table shows where the tone-marks are placed:



.

12
^
Positions of the tone-marks	Simple finals and simple finals + nasal ending	Compound finals and compound finals + nasal ending	m    m (*«tuS6Wíg) Examples from this lesson
£a± Over a	Ô an öng	äi, öo, -iä, -iáo -uä, -uäi -iän, -uän, -üän" -iäng, -uäng	bä, tä, häo sän
&0± Over 0	ô -öng	ÖU, -uô -iông	wo
Over e	ě ěr ěn ěng	-ěi, -iě, -uě"	ěr
ft i'*± Over i	-í -Tn -ing	-uí	yT, ní nín
ftu± Over U	-ü -On	-iü	wü, liú
Over Ü	-u -ůn"		
*     -ü,-üe,-üan,-ün^q,x,yffi#H*,£*ü±Wmj&o ß^J*n*»B*,j*jÄSÄ
The two dots in the letter Ü are omitted when -Ü, -Üe, -Üan, -Ün are spelled with j, q, X, y. However, the two dots remain when these finals are spelled with I or n. *  *     -Í#ÍK#BŤ,#*_tÍÍ!»/í£o The dot in the letter -i is omitted when a tone-mark is placed over it.
E3>Í^    Liänxí   Exercises
1. JsiW    Tones
yä    yá    yä    yá             gäo    gáo    gäo    gáo
bi     bi     bi     bi               sän    sán    sän    sán
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kú       kú	kü       kú	lion     lián     lián	lián	
bö      bó	bö      bö	niů     niú     niú	niú	
ěr        ér	ěr        ér	huč    huá    huá	huá	
won    won	won    won			
				
is     Sound discrimination: d—t				
1) da	ta	dao               tao		
di	ti	dan                tan		
du	tu	dian               tian		
2) dädü		täntä		
däodá		títián		
didiän		tiänťí		
didäo			■	
3) diäntT ditú		tiändi tiándi		
dltän		túdáo		
dáotián				
3. ^j tij í# If    Write the following in pinyin .
6        8


Suppose you meet an old man or a teacher, how should you Chinese?
greet
him/her

in

■




							
							
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