I';i:i;(«'J| I. TeKCT KOK oín.ľiw c|ni m noi H'ICCKOI <> HCCJICAOHHHHíI M
umu astopa, <)ii|)(7[.<'./incľ o6myio uanpaB;iennocTb /iniirBHCTHiiecKoro ana
Mína TCKCTa.
(),iciiii;i.iio, npeHMymecTBenHoe BHHMai-tMe npn stom aojracHO cocpe/to-•ľoMiiľi.ľM Ha paccMOTpeHHH iiaiir)<).ii('c :iii;ľiiiMi)i.\ k cmhic/ioHOM h nparMaTH-qeCKOM < > 11 loiiKi i n 11 h:)i,ikoi(i.ix cpe;i("ľuax, iipc>K/i,c isceio jickchhcckhx, is
('ll.)iy OCOÔoň [ >()./! i 1 C/IOl! B C.MblCJIOBOM l)a3BCpTbIBailMH JUOÓbJX TCKCTOB (cm.
pa:iA<'./n>i II n III).
IlocKojiLicy iicľ TCKCTOB, ne HMeiomnx cthjihctohcckoh MapKupoBau-hocth, KOTopaa ho MiioroM onpeaejineT ocTajibHbie cpaKTopw TeKCTOo6paao-uaiiiin, ./iiiiiľitiic'i'HMecKHM ai-iajiH3 TCKcraAOJiJtceii npoBOflHTbCH cyneTOM ero c i umučhihcckiix napaMCTpoB. JlHHrBHCTHMecKHH aHajiH3, TaKHM o6pa30M,
M<»K(T paCCMaTpHBaTbCfl KaK MaCTb CTHJIHCTHHeCKOrO aHajIH3a, KOTOpaH OT-
paKaeT 83MKOBbie ocoóeniiocTH TeKCTa b hx kohkpcthom jfcaripoBO-CTHJiHC-
i IHCCKOM ItOllJlOlUCMIMM.
() CBH3H yiaiuibix bhaob aHajiH3a npiíMeHHTejibHO k xy^oJKecTBeimoMy íľhi ry I IM. lllancKHH CKa3aji: «...JlHiirBHCTHHecKHH aHajiH3 h anajiH3 cth-iiik TiľiccKiiii ncpc/iKO H/j.yr — hto Biiojine ecTecTBeHHO — pyna 06 pyicy, o6pa3yfl KOMiiJicicciibiři Jiwizeo-cmujiucmuuecKuů aHajiH3 Toro, ueM h toto, Km C03flaeTCfl 1 ici ioBTopuMan opHraHajibHOCTb jíHTepaTypHoro npon3Be,zie-1111m- 111 laiicKiiii, 1983, c. 54]. 3tr CBH3b aKTyajibHa n ajiji Hexy,zio;KecTBeH-
MblX tckctob. I IpilBeaCM 06pa3LIbI HX JIHHrBHCTHHeCKOrO aHajiH3a.
JUlIlľHllCTMHECKMH AHAJIH3 IiyEJIHIIHCTHHECKOrO TEKCT A MATEPMA/1 fl/lfl AHA/1M3A
CAMblH BblCTPbltt B MMPE KOMľlblOTEP
y hobmhkm oneHb c/io>KHoe Ha3BaHne: «CoBpeMeHHaíi crpaTerkmecKafi bumhoim-i.-í ii.n. im in n 111,11.11 ni-,,i. Be/ian Bepcn«». CynepKOMnbioTep cnocoóeH ocymecrB/iflTb 12,3 rpn/i/lMOHa onepaukiň b ceKyHfly. 3HaMeHMTbiň «flnn B/iio», o6birpaBLunň b maxima™ I ,ippn KuuiapoBa, c/ia6ee ero b 1000 pa3.
VMnan «>Ke/ie3flKa» coctomt H3 8 c /ihuuhmm tmcím MkiKponpou,eccopoB, bôcmt 106 tohh, 3aHMMaeT n/ioLiiaAb b 800 KBaApaTHbix MeipoB, a 3/ieKTpo3Hep™n «>KpeT»
cto/lbKO >Ke, CKO/lbKO HeÔO/lbUJOM aMepMKaHCKHň rOpOAOK. floCTaB/lfl/lM 3Ty MaXMHy AO /íaÓopaTOpMM B Ka/lMCJDOpHMM 28 rpy30BHKOB. Bo3MO>khoctm HOBOrO KOMnblOTepa
(x'.irpanMMHbi, Beflb ero yMeHbweHHafl Bepcna y>Ke noMor/ia yneHbiM pacujMcppoBaTb mímom Me^oBeKa. «be/ibiň» >xe, CKopee Bcero, 6yAeT Mcno/ib30BaH MMHHCTepcTBOM nicpicimkm CLUA )í,j\u MOAe/ikipoBaHMíi MciibnaiiMH HflepHoro opy>i<nn. Ho y>i<e Mepe3 ipn 'KiTbipe roAa b LUiaTax MO>KeT noflBHTbCH eme 60/iee MouiHafl MaujHHa, ocyme-< iiimiiomaa 100 TpM/i/iMOHOB onepauMM b ceKyHAy-
MOKCUM HUMCUKOS
(KoMcoMo/ibCKaa npaBAa. 2000. 30 woHfl. C. 3.)
I. ()./ickcii'icckiix cpe^CTB oriyc/ioiuícn rcMai iikoíí rciccra. I la nrc yKaabiiiacr 11 aai./lamie ••( 'aMi.iii 6bICTpi>lfl KOMin.ioicp n MHpe». (!oo6lneHHIO
JJ íjkkui J. TCKCT KHK OOMKT JIHHľBHCTMMfCKOľO ;iii;i.mi;i;i
o ueM, o ero OCOÓeHHOCTÍJX, or./llľl1111 OT yipynix KOMIIbloicpon ii ItOClt>lmel 1 TeKCT. K OCHOBHOM rcMariľiccicoii ipyíiiic CJIOBHWX 11 cncp\c./i()iiiibix c/Mi 111111,, ciiaaamibix c pcajiHMMH KOMnblOTepHoro /ic.iia, otiiocmtoi: anpamc tmecKOSi (ihmuaiumejibuaM uHiiu,uamu6a, Eenau eepcux, cynepKOMnbfomep, onepau,uu, MUKponpoi^eccopu, ajieKmposnepzmi, jia6opam.opuu, yMemiuen noa eepcua, paciuucppoaamb ieuoM uejioGeica, mohoucím Mawuua, Modemtpowi uue.
2. TCKCT COCTOMT 143 pa3HOnjiaHOBOH B CTHJIHCTHH6CKOM OT1ioiiici11111
jteKCHKH, BKJiioMaa khh>KHyio (Ha38aHue, ocyiu,ecmejiHmb, 3amtMaem rmo-w,adb, jiaóopamopuH, 6e3zpcmuHHue eo3M03icHocmu, ynenue, pacmu(j)pofíami,, ModejiupoeaHue, ucnumamiM, adepuoe opyotcue, Mouyian, ocyu^ecmensiiomflíí), neňTpajibHyio (óucmpuú, e Mupe, cjioMnoe, e cenyudy, 3Ha,MeHumuů, oóu/.-pamb, e waxMamu, yjmasi, eecumb n t.a.), a TaKJKe pa3roBOpHyio (rtoeunica, «wejie3siKa», Maxima, «Eejiuu» [coKpameHHoe Ha3BaHne]) h npocTOpeiinyio (jicpem).
Bjiaro^apn 3TOMy co3flaeTCH aocTyriHoe h XHBoe H3AO>KeHHe o floCTa-
TOHHO CJIOaCHblX peaJIHHX, OTHOCHIUHXCÍI K Cfpepe HayKH H TeXHHKH.
3. JXjih TeKCTa xapaKTepHO niHpoKoe HcnoJib30BanHe chhohhmob, 061, eaHHeHHbix b napaflHTMy HOMHi-iaTOB KAioneBOH ajih TeKCTa peajiHH: comuú óucmpuú e Mupe KOMrmomep, meunna, «CoepeMeHHaa cmpamezunecKUM <ii>i-micjiumejibHOH uHuimamuea», «Eejiax eepcuH», cynepKOM.nbmm.ep, yMium «0icejie3ítKa»,MaxuHa, HoeuŮKOMnbmmep, «Bejibiů»,Maiuima. BjiaroAap>i STO My aBTop He TOAbKO H3ÔeraeT noBTopa, ho h bchkhh pa3 no-HOBOMy xapaK TepH3yeT npe^MeT onHcaHHH, CAepacaHHO BbipaataH CBoe BOCTopaceinioc OT riouieHHe k HeMy.
4. ^oBepHTeAbHbiii xapaKTep cooómeHHH co3AaeTcn Hcnojib30BaiiucM npneMa HHBepcHH (cp.: Jlocmaejisuiu srny Maximy do jiaóopamopuu e Kojiu-cpopuuu 28 zpy3oeuKoe... Ho yoice uepe3 mpu-uemupe zoda e IĽmamax Mooicem nomumbCH eiu,e óonee Mouman Mamima, ocyw,ecm6JiM?oui,aH 100 mpwuiuouoa onepau,uu e cenyndy); cpaBHeHHH {3naMeHumbiú «Huh Emo», oóuzpaeuiuú a maxMamu ľappu Kacnapoea, cjiaóee ezo e 1000 pas; ...a ajienmpoaneptuu «ycpem» cmojibKO oice, cKOJibKo neóojibiuoů aMepuKaucKuů zopodox...).
EcTb h ojiHU,eTBOpeHHe {Ymhom «Mejie3HKa»; «wpem» ajienmposnep/mo), Aejiaiouiee tckct sKcnpeccHBHHM, a H3Ji05KeHHe jkhbhm, aoxoamhbi>im.
5. C MopípoJiozuuecKou monnu 3penuH oôpamaeT na ceósr BHHMamie o6n me ^HCJíHTejibHbix (7). Ohh ito3bo.jdtot narAíiAHee h To^nee iipeACTamin. paajiHHHbie napaMeTpw onncbiBaeMoro cynepKOMnbioTepa (cp.: CynepKOM iibiomep cnocoóen ocyui,ecmejmmb 12,3 mpujuiuoua onepaimú e cenyndy). /loMMimpycrr HMennaH jieKCHKa b CHJiy KOHCTaTnpyiomero xapaKTcpa H3JI0 >kciihm. rjiaľOJibiibix (}jopM HCMiioro, rjiarojiw b ochobiiom nCn0Jlb3yi0TCí3 n iiacroHincM «nncBpeMeHHOM» 3naMenHH (cp.: Ymhom «:)icfíjie:uiKa» cocmQum tu <S' r jimiimiM tnucm MUKponponeccopoe, aecum 106 monii, :iauuMaeni ii.no-
|»a:i;i<-.U I. TCKCT KftK OtH.I'M € 111 ■.......II 11'M'CKOl II ItVV iKAIMlilllllll
46
<H<i<h, (i 800 madpamum mempoe, a snetcmpomeptuu ofgjem* cttiomko oice,
ZKOJVhKO HečOJlblUOŮ (iMCj/i/ham hnil ZOpOOOK...).
(1. tomkii apenHfl CHHTaKCHca cjie/ryeT <>tmctmti> o6vume npennome-mihí c cocTiutiibíMii iiMciiin.iMn cKiKiycMi.iMii ((■ynepKOMmiomep cnocooen in ■ijuilccin<vtMiiih 12^mpujmwHaompat^Ů6ceKyHdy.3HciMeuumbiů<<JJtmEjiK)»> oémpaemuů titucuMamu Tappu Kacnapoea, cjiaóee ezo a 1000 pas, w t./O- Kpo-
mc tok), ll(TIO./ll>:iyiOTC>l p;i3r0B0piIbie KOHCTpyKmOI C HHBepCHeH, BBOflHblMH
c/iois;imii, iipiicotviHiiciimiMi-i (Hocmasjwiu amy Maxuuy do móopamopuu e Ka-liupopnuu 28 /pipoeuKoe. Bomomiocmii uoeozo KOMnwomepa 6e3zpauuy.HU, eedb ezo i/uriihiiiciiuaM eepcuM ywe noMOzna ynenuM pacuiuqbpoeamb zeuoM mno-oeKa. <■!><■ :>ice, cKopee ecezo, óydem ucnojibsoeau MUHUcmepcmeoM mep-temUKU Clil A <hui Modejiupoeauusi ucnumanuů adepuozo opyoicuíi. Ho ywe ucpci mpii 'icmupe zoda e Ulmamax MOMem noneumbca ew,e óoiiee Mouman uamuua, oajMpcmejiíuoiu.asi 100 mpwuiuouoe onepau,uů e ceKyudy).
Thkhm o6pa30M, k&k noKa3aji anajiH3 Hcnojib30BaHHbix aBTopoM H3M-Koubix cpeflCTB ii hx ocoóofí opraHH3auHH, ochobhoh nacpoc TeKCTa, nocBH-meillioro;i.cra./ii>ii()My hpa3HOCTopoHHeiviy oniicaHiiiohobotocynepKOMnbio-repa, ;iaK./no'iacTCM b Bbipa>KeHHH BoexHmeHHH sthm nyaoM Hayioi h tcxhh-kii Bce H3WK0Bwe sjíeMeiiTbi TeKCTa h ero oómaH cTpyKTypa nanpaBJíeHbi
lig TO, 'itooi.i COOÓlTTHTb HOByiO H HHTepeCHyiO HHCpOpMaHHK) HHTaTejIHM H
ui,i:tna,i i» y mix Mirrepec.
JI MIHBHCTHHECKHĚ AHAJIH3 HAYHHOTO TEKCTA
MA TEPMAJ1 fljm AHAJ1H3A
riocoÓMe no cTM/incTMKe p,n» ynaiAuxcíi CTapiuMX K/iaccoB co3flaHO m n3AaeTca BnepBbie, Oho nocTpoeHO n HanncaHo HeoóbíMHO. C oahom CTopoHbi, sto HacroamHň yuíňnMK, rfle b cMdeMe flaHbi Bce HeoóxoflMMbie CBefleHMH o npeAMeie, npMBefleHbi aonpocbi AI* caMonpoBepKM w opurnHa/ibHbie npaKTMHecKMe 3aAaHna. C APyroň — .10 jkmbom, yB/ieKaie^bHbiň Ana/ior Ta/iam/iHBoro aBTopa-HaciaBHMKa c TeMM, kto ro/lbKO ;iMLiib nocTuraeT coKpoBeHHbie TaňHbi pyccKoro jubiKa.
CoAepxoHvie m CTpyKTypa noco6na cooTBeTCTByioT Hbme AeřicTByraiAMM nporpaM-m.im no cTH/iMCTMKe h coothochtch co ujKO/ibHbíM KypcoM pyccKoro *3biKa. noco6ne 11, .i»|>.-no MmimciepcTBOM oómero m npocpeccMOHa^bHoro oĎpaaoBaHwa Poccmhc-Kofl OeAepauMM m bk/komcho b OeAepa^bHbiň KOMn^eKT yneÓHHKOB.
{Co/izawjK r.ft CTM/iMCTMKa pyccKoro ^3biKa. 10—11 K/iaccbi: yqe6. nocoóne. 2-e H3A- M.: Apocpa, 1998. C. 2).
I. CTpyKTypa h a3HKOBaa opraHH3aiíH^ TeKCTa iio/^Miienbi icpaTKOMy cooómeHHioo coflepxaiiHH y^ieÓHoro nocoÓH^ c ikvii.io aaHHTepecoBaTb <m-raic/iH 11 noóyflHTb ero k siiaKOMCTBy c kihhoíi.
QpeHMymecTBei-nio Hcno/ibayeTCíi KHMacnafl jieKCHKa (nocoéue, ynau^u-ecjt, cosdano, uadaemcM, nocmpoeuo, mnucano, yneóuuK, neoáxodimue cee-
AI
I h/itKi 2. Třídí ifiiit <)(Vi,CKi 111 ■ 11 imc 1 iimcckok) anjiui:i;
denuM, npmedenu, eonpocu Onu coMonpoeepKu, opumncuimue npaimmec KuesadaHun h ;i|>.) h HtayMHweTepMMHM (orpaHHHeuHo): cmwiucmuKa, nped uč///, Oua.iioz. Mmcctoi c.ncuiiajibnaM JieKCHKa (cnoiia 1-1 oóopoTbi), 'rnviaiii • icc.KM cii>i:taiiiia>i co ccpepoň o6pa30BaHHH: nocoéue, ynamfiecn cmapiuw maccoe, yneónuK, eonpocu Ojim coMonpoeepKu, npaKmuuecKue 3adanuH, nuue deůcrneytomue npozpaMMu, iukojimiuú Kype pycereozo si3uua, Munucmepcmeo o6wfiio u iipocpeccuonajibHozo oópasoeauuíi Poccuůckoú 0edepau,uu, Oede pa.iibiiuú KOMruiexmyueÓHUKoe. Bce sto itosbojihct otiiochtij paccMarpiuta cMí.ni tckct k cepepe nayi<n h oóyneHHH, npocBemenHíi. Pa3roBopiibic cpea CTBa orcyrcTByioT.
Hap>i/iy c 3thm HcnoJib3yiOTCH 3Mou,HOHajibHO-oiieHOHiibic c/ioisa: 11c oóhinuo, uacmoíímfm, opuzuuajibuue, JKueoů, yejieKamejibuuů, majiaumJiueHŮ, aemopumemnuů, coKpoeeuHbie, eemiKuů. Hx uejib — ycHJiHTb BOS^eftcTByio myio (j)yi-iKitHio TeKCTa, ero nparMaTHKy. Oómhho sto xapaKTepno /iji>i Ha yino-nonyjiapHoro ctojih.
2. B Mop^ojiorHHecKOM njiaHe oópamaeT Haceóa BHHMaHMe orpainiMcn moc nciTOJib30BaHHe rjiarojibHOH jieKCHKM, ripHHeM rjiarojiw ynoTpeÓJiHKJT <h b iiacTOHmeM «BneBpeMeHHOM» 3HaHeHHn (mdaemca., noemuzaem, coom eemcmeymm, coomHocsimcH).
3. C tohkh 3peHHH CHHTaKcnca TeKCT xapaKTepH3yeTCH oóhjimcm uac
itikiii.ix KOHCTpyKUHH, HMeiOIITHX KHH5KHWH XapaKTep (IJoCOÓue 710 CnilUIIIC
mUKe ójih yuauMXCH cmapuiux KJiaecoe eo3dano u u3daemcn enepeue, Oho nocmpoeuo u nanucauo Heoóbmuo... Tlocoóue odočpeuo MuuucmepcmaoM 06 111/vo u npocpeccuouajibHOZo o6pa3oeauusi Poccuůckoú 0edepau,uu u eiauouc no a QedepajibHUŮ KOMruieKm yueónuKoe). BMecre c TeM b tckctc mmccich iiciiojiiioe npefljioJKeHHe, KOTopoe bbozihtch zijih co3AaHHH AOBepHTC/11.11010 oómeHHH c HHTaTejieM (C dpyzoú — amo oicueoů, yeneKamejibuuů duajio/ ma iiaiinumeozo u aemopumemuozo aemopa-uacmaeuuKa c meMU, Kmo 1110.111,ko niiiiib noemuzaem coKpoeeuuue maúuu eenuKozo pyccKozo h3uko).
4. H3 H306pa3HTeJIbH0-Bbipa3HTeJIbHbIX Cpe^CTB HCnOJIb3yK)TCH 3iiiitc
ii, 1: opuzuuajibuue npaKmuuecKue 3adanusi; xcueoů, yejieKamejibuuů duajioz majiaiimjiueozo u aemopumemuozo aemopa-uacmaeHUKa; coKpoeeuuue maii
lihl (iCJlUKOZO pyCCKOZO íl3blKa.
TaKHM o6pa30M, najimne khh3khwx sjíeivieHTOB h cneu,HajibiioH jieKCH kh, oTiiocHiueřicH k cepepe HayKM h o6pa30BaiiHíi, KHHJKiibiH xapaicrcp chii raKCHca 11 MopcJiojiora-recKHe ocoóeiiHoc™ TeKCTa no3BOJiíiioT otiiociih. ero i< ii.iyinoMy cTMjno. HaJiHHHe apKHX ouenoMHbix snHTeTOB, xapaKTC|)ii:tyio
iii, 11 x aBTopa nocoÓHH m caiviy Kiinry, iio3bojikiot cy/iHTb o HayMHO-nonyJlHp kom xapaKTcpe TeKCTa, a;ipecoBai-iHoro iiecneuHajiMCTaivi.
./Illlll ItlICTllMCCKHM aiiaJIM3 TCKCTa AaCT B03M05KHOCTb tOBOpHTb iic TO./ll.KO o ei'0 CTHJTHCTHHeCKOÍÍ MapKHpOBaHHOCTH, HO H OJKaiipc. ByiamiOM cnyiac pcil. w/ICT 06 anuomaupu na riOCOÓHe, hmcioiucc iiaymo-iioiiy./iMpm>iii xapaicrcp.