II. KOHTEKTH Ha ÖfcJirapCKHJI e3HK
c Äpyra e3HUH
KoHTairniTe Ha 6í.jirapcKHH g3hk c .apyrirre e3Hitn ca eflHH or BaatHHTe (paKTopii b HeroBaTa eBOJnomix. reorpatpcKoro nojioaceHHe Ha EwirapH» cno-coßcTBa StnrapcKHüT e3HK m 3aTBT>p,n5iBa 6 a.i Ka hckhtc ch lepia, 3a kohto Beie 6euie cnoMewaTO (bhc. crp. 8-9). HcTopHflTa Ha orpaHara e HajioMuuia cbiqecTBeH oinenaTbK Btpxy KOHTaicTHTe Ha e3HKa hh c apyrirre e3nun. oco-6eHO c pycKHH h TypcKHjr. B HHaxpoiieii luiaH rojMMO 3HaieHHe HMar koh-TaKTHTe Ha ßiJirapcKi« e3HK c rpiUKHii h c hjikoh CBponeňcKH esHUH, Ha-npHMep c (fpcHCKiia h neMCKH». Ho rtň Kara HacrojuuoTO H3CJiejtBai)e e opHeHTHpaHO KiM CHHxpOHHOTo orwcaHHe h o6xBama ca«o nocjie/iHwre ner fleceTHJieTHa, b Hero me 6i>,n,aT npeflCTaBeHH o nem acneicTH Ha e3HKOBHTe KOHT3KTH, kohto ca ainyajiHH h 3HaiHMH 3a ctBpeMeHHoro cictoähhc Ha
e3HKa HH.
E3HKOBHTĚ KOHTaKTH OOHKHOBeHO HMäT 3a BCHqKH C3HUH e^HOTHHHH
pe3yjiTaTH. Ha JieKCHKa/iHO paBiinme ce noüBüBaT 3áeM kh. kohto ce H3-noji3BaT 3a o6o3HanaBaHe Ha HeHOMHHHpaHH npeflH tob a npeüMeTH h hb-jieHHfl, hjih $yHKUHOHHpaT napajiejiHO c jryMHie ot poflHHH e3HK, fcaTO npHflasaT Ha h3K33htc b TeKCTa hob cmhcjiob HioaHC, hjih ntK 3aMeH»T flyMHTe ot noBJiHHHHH e3HK. KfiTo nocTeneHHo rn H3raacKBaT k%u ne-pH^epH^ra My hjih aaste h3bi>h ji e k c h k a ji n h t e My rpamiiíH. npHMep 3a TaKOBa ^BycTpaHHO H3TJiacKBane e e^HO HHTepecHO pycKO-6i.JirapcKO hb-jieHHe: pycicaTa ayua. xcuůom ('BpeMerpaeHe Ha hobciukoto 6nTHe') ce e 3ana3HJia b h3kohhoto ch 3HaMeHHe caMO bt>b (j)pa3eojiorH3HpaHH (j>op-MauHH: JKueoma ne notqadumb; He na stcusom, a na CMepmb h hjik. np. Ta e 6hjis M3TJiacKaHa ot CTapo6i>JirapcKaTa ayiia DfCUSHb (c thhhihhji CTapo-SiJirapcKH cy4>hkc -3Hi>) h e npecraHajia /ra ce ynoTpeßjiBa b c n o m e h 3toto 3HaneHHe. Ta3H jiyMa <j>yHKU,H0HHpa b pycKHX esiiK caMO b omohhmhhhoto 3HaneHHe 'KopeM, KopeMHa KyxHHa'. B ctmoro BpeMe 6t>JirapcKHJiT e3HK e
ycBOHji HantJiHO AyMaTa oicueom b nipBH4H0T0 h 3HaHeHHe, H3uajio e 3aryÖHn Aywaxa 3KU3Hb, KaTO e 3ana3HJi caMo MOTHBupaHUTe ot Hea Ae-piiBaTii jtcu3H6H, oKU3neycmomue, 0KU3Hecnoco6eH, 0KU3HepadocmeH, OKU3Henm6ue.
rioHBaTa Ha 33€mkh He e caMo aBJieHHe ot jieKCHKajiHO—ceM3HTH4H0T0 paBHumc Ha e3HKa. To Moace jxa. 3acerHe Taíca HapeneHaTa ecTecTBena <po-hojioths, npHCT>ma Ha BceKH c3hk. B pe3yjiraT na 4y>Kfloe3hkoboto bjihshhc b 6b/irapcKHa e3HK npea BTopaTa nojioBHHa Ha XX b, OKOHHarejiHO c e yxBtpflH HOBaTa (J)oheMaTHHHa ono3HUHH [x] — [x*]. Ta ce nopoflH npeAH bchhko hoa BTj3aeňcTBHero Ha coôctbchh HMeHa ot tk>pkckh, apaßcKH h aHniHHCKH npo-H3XOA: Xioôtp, Xwô^pm, Xk>, Xiozo, Xiocem, XiocmtH h ap. Pa3ÔHpa ce, 3a HeňHara noaBa HMame h3bccthh npeanocTaBKH. 3aAHoe3H4HHTe cbrjiacHH r, k, x b ötJirapcKHS C3HK ca 6 hjih BiiHurii M6KH npeA npeflHHTe niacHH e h h: [z'Jepoü, [k'Juho, [x'Jejuyc. EtJirapcKHTe ynjieHHTejiHH naBiiuii He no3BonHBax b Ta íh iio3nmiJi Apyra opToenna. Ho caina no ce6e ch cnoMeHaraTa oÖJiHraTopHOCT JiHKBH^Hpa ono3HUHHTa [x] -[x']. TaKaBa ono3HHHa MO»ce Aa ôtfle npH3HaTa caMo npn HajiH4HeTO Ha mckh 3aflHoe3H'iHH npeA HenpeuHH raacHH, KaKTiBTo e onHCaHiurr no-rope cjiynaň. KaTO eflHa ot nipBHTe My npoHBH Moace aa ce cnura CTapaTa TpaHCKpnnqHa Ha hmcto Ha B h kto p K)ro KaTO Xiozo. rioHBaTa Ha hobh (J) OHeMaTH 4 h h onosHUHH Biinani CTHMyjiHpa no-Mbaia HaMapKHpaHHTeKCTOBe h b TOBaOTHOuieHHe ÔLJirapcKHSTe3HK nanpaBH
li3KJIK)lieHHe
jacMKinc o6xBauuaT h Mop(j)OJiorH4HOTO hhbo na e3HKa, h chht3k-THHHaTa My opraHH3auHa, h npHHUHnnre Ha TeKcroo6pa3yBaHeTO. Ha tckc-tobo paBHHUie Haň-Ao6pe MO>Ke m ce npocjieAH cthjihcth4H3T3 pojia Ha 3aeMKHTe.
KoHTaKTHTe Ha 6-bJirapcKHH e3iiK c ApyrHTe e3Hun MOraT Aa 6-bnar pa3rpaHH4eHH no ej im ochobch npiisnaK: KOHTaKTH ct>c cji3bhhckh e3iimi
H K0HT3KTH C HeCJiaBHHCKH e3HUH. HpH TOBa OCOĎeHO HHTepeCHO 3a Ha-ÓJHO/ieiUie  HBJíeHHe  e JIHHTBHCTHlIHaTa JIOXJIHOCT (cbC 3H3K +  HJIH -),
HMeHHO Ta e ochobhhht dpaKTop, onpeaejutm cxHJiHCTH4HaT3 pojia Ha 3aeMKHTe b koííto h Aa 6hjio e3HK. Ta iimíi cneu,HipH4HH npoxBH npn KOHTaKTHTe Ha 6T»jirapCKHa e3HK KaKTo etc cjiaBHHCKHTe, TaKa h c Hecjia-BHHCKHTe e3HUH. JlHHTBHCTHHHaTa jiobjihoct e HaR-MajiKO cubpjaHa c re-
HeTHHHOTO pOACTBO HJIH THn0JI0rH4H3T3 0jlh30ct Ha e3HHHTC  Ta hmü
no-CKopo eKCTpajiHHTBHCTHHHa apryMeHTauHa h TOBa Moace na ce npo-cjie/jn b H3MeHeHHeTO Ha cxHJiHCTH4HaTa pona na 3aeMKHTe ot emm h cim e3HK npH pa3JiH4HH couHajiHO-HCTopH4ecKH o6cToaxencTBa. H Bce naK JioajiHOCTTa Ha hochtcjihtc Ha ötJirapcKHa cíhk kt>m c/iaBSHCKMa e3HK0B MaTepnan e no-nwiaM3, otkojikoto kt>m nocrbnjieHHaTa ot Apyrn e3HUH. OßacHeHHeTO Ha to3h tpaKT TpaÖBa ^a ce TbpcH b cjiojkhoto npenaHTaHe
Ha aHHTBHCTH4HH H eKCTpaj]HHrBHCTH4HH (})aKTOpH, 0Ka3aJIH CT.IueCTBeHO
BanaHHe Btpxy pasBiiTMeTO Ha bch4kh c/iaBaHCKti euHUH. TyK othobo 6hx-
Me MorjiH pa nanOMHHM e^na KOHCTaTauna Ha Cbctomhp HßaH4eB: „He-
33BHCHM0 OT eK30TH4H3Ta CH XapaKTepHCTHKa, 6l>JirapCKHaT e3HK CH OCTa-
Ba 4JieH Ha cjiaBaHCKOTo e3HKOBO ceMeňcTBo. H TOBa e e^Ha ot Haň—hh-TepecHHTe ocoöeHOCTH b pa3BHTHeTO Ha cnaaaHCKHTe cíhuh — h ho flHec Te npeflCTaBJiaßaT bcbiiíhoct eflHH opraH^-bM, Meac^y OTAejiHHTe opraHH
Ha KOÍÍTO HMa MHOrO nOBe4e Bpi>3KH, OTKOJIKOTO MOKfly 4aCTHTe Ha aH-
rno-caKCOHCKOTO hjih poMaHCKOTO e3HKOBO ceMeöcTBO. H AO AHec b cjia-BaHCKHTe e3Hi(h ctmecTByBa o>khbch e3HKoa oÔMeH, Haň—bhahm b o6-jiacrra Ha TepMHHOJiorHBTa" (b MacjioB 1982:11).
Ot cjiaBXHCKHTe e3iiun otJirapcKHax e 6hji BHHarn b Haň-Tecen
KOHTaKT C pyCKMJÍ. H3BeCTH0 e nipBOTO H BTOpOTO 6l>JirapCKO BJJHaHHe Btpxy
pycKHa e3HK (ctiOtbctho npe3 XI h XIII bb.), a Taxa ctino ntpBOTo, BTopoTo h TpeTOTO pyCKO BJiHaHHe Bipxy otJirapcKHa e3HK (ctoTBeTHo npe3 BiispaÄAaHeTo, cnea OcBo6o)KAeHHeTo ot TypcKo poócTBo h cjiea BropaTa CBeTOBHa BoiÍHa). TyK 6h hh HHrepecyBajio caMo nocjieAHOTO, ho ntpBHTe ABe ca cnoMeHSTH, 3a Aa ce noA4epTaaT ABe ocoöeHocra: ntpBO, 4e b33hmo-AeňcTBHeTO MejKAy 6i.JirapcKHa h pycKHa cíhk HHKora He e 6hjio ABynoco4Ho b eAHa CHHXpOHHa njiocKOCT h BTopo, 4e e cbmecTByBajia onpeAeneHa h34h-cjiHMa e3HK0Ba 6a3a 3a B^npneMaHe Ha peAHua pycH3MH npe3 Ha6nioAaBaHHa ot Hac nepnoA. TaKa, mhoto npeflH BTopaTa cseTOBHa BoňHa y Hac ce yno-TpeßaBaT pycKH 3aeMKH: ctmecTBHTejiHHTe 3adďía, sannmue, nonxmue, pcunucKa, cKJiad, ynacm, onepK, napaxod, omjiuwuK h mh. AP-; maroJíHTe cmapm ce, mpozna, uaóJiiodaeaM, yeaxcaeaM, 3aneneaM, oôaiedeaM h t.h. BeAHara cjieA OcBo6oa<AeHHeTO ot TypcKO poScTBO BJinaHHeTO Ha pycKHa e3HK ce cbcpeA0T04aBa b oöjiacrra Ha aAMHHHCTpaTHBaaTa, ciAeÖHaTa h BoeHHaTa TepMHHOJioraa. PycKHaT e3HK cTaBa nocpeAHHK MeacAy 6wirapcKHa h HaKOH 3anaAHoeBponeňcKH e3HUH h peAHua JiexceMH KaTO HanpHMep zepoü, zeapduH h AP- H3BJiH3aT b ßinrapcKH npe3 pycKH. TaKHBa JieKceMH BtoÖme He ce bi. 3 n pw e m aT Kara 3aeMKH ot HopMajiHHxe hochtcjih Ha e3HKa. TexHHÄT npoH3XOA e npo3pa4en caMO 3a JinnrBHCTHTe. CjieA BTopaTa CBeTOBHa BoňHa pycKOTO BJiHaHHe ce 3acHJiBa c hcoohkhobcho 6t.p3 TeMn. To ooxaama no4TH
BCH4KH C3HKOBH paBHHII(a.  AlCTHBHSHpa^ CĚ yHOTpeÔaTa Ha peAHUa CJ10BO-
o6pa3yBaTejiHH h3ct3bkh, 3aeTH b cahh no-paHeH nepnoA ot pycKH, HanpHMep -hhk, npn TOBa He ce npaBH pa3JiHK3 MeacAy pycKHTe BapKanm -ihk h -iiihk: cpB., ot eAHa CTpaH3, pycK. h 6t.jit. dytuenpuKa3HUK, a ot Apyra — pycK. óapaóamifux, 3aKynufUK h 6-bJir. öapaoannuK, 3aKynuuK. Ta3H nacTaBKa He caMo ce H3noji3Ba, ho h ce aKTUBiniipa, HanpHMep cko3Huk (ot CKÜ3KO), apmejiHUK (ot apmenna *HHTeHAaHTCKH cícnaA')- TaKa neKCHKajiHHTe jacMKii cTHMyjiHpaT OTAeJiHH AepHB3TOJiorH4HH npouecH, KOHTO, K3KTO ce BH5KA3, pe(J>JieKTHp3T Ha Mop4>onorH4HO paBHiime.
IlOA BJiHaHHe Ha pyCKHa e3HK Ce H3BT.piUBaT H CHHT3KTH4HH npOMCHH
— 3aeMaT ce chht3kth4hh KOHCTpyKUHH hjih ce noBHiuaBa 4>peKBeHTHOCTTa na aHaJiorH4HHTe StJirapcKH, HanpHMep, aacwjißa ce ynoTpeöaTa Ha npH-
26
Ei»JirapcKH e3HK
nacTHHTe KOHCTpyKUHH, o6oco6eHHte onpe^ejieHHa, AeenpHHSCTiurrs (ejiHS noHTH MipTBa KaTeropHfl b StJirapcKH, 3a kocto cBHAeTejiCTBa HejiBycMH-cneHO jwncaTa Ha HeraTHBHH BapnaHTH ot Trtna Ha *ne 3HaeÜKU, *ne xo-deiiKu); 3acHJiBa ce ctmo ynoTpeßaTa Ha cjiohchoto ycjioBHO HaioioHeHHe h hskoh apyrH $opMH, cjis6o hjih iiohth He3acn>neHH b Hapo/iHHTe roBopn. E3HKOBH 4>opMauHH ot cnoMeHaraji THn ce OTKpHBüT H3ß-jiecH0 b npecara, Ktaero no-rojiHMara nacT ot MarepnajiHTe no 1989 r. 6eiiie npeBeayiaHa ot
pyCKH.
PycKO BJiHflHHe MO»ce jja ce oTKpHe b 3HaHHTeJieH 6poö <ppa3eoJiorHHHH ctneTaHHa h napeMHHHH H3pa3H, nocTpoeHH no pycKH o6pa3eu, HanpHMep Ilwtifume ce 6pomn naecen, SyicBajieH npeBoa ot pycKOTO LJbinnxm no ocenu CHumaiom. ľlo pycKH o6pa3eu 3anoHBaT ja ce KOHCTpynpaT hjih HanpaBO a3 ce KajiKHpaT peflHua ycTOHHHBH MOTHBHpanH ctneTaHHÄ, HSKOH ot kohto ca a6-cojiiotho HecnojiyHJiHBH b &bJirapcKH nopaflH eHaHTHOceMHHHH huh napoHH-mhhhh oTHOiueHHH MejKAy fŕtJirapcKHTe h pycKHTe JieKCHKajiHH ejieMeHTH, HanpHMep MujiuoHume npocmu xopa (=MwuoHume moöpmoeauu xopä) no o6-pa3eu Ha pycKOTO Mhjijihohm npocrux jhoach BMecTO eflHHCTBeHO npsBHJi-HOTo Ha ©BJirapcKH Mhjihohhtc oöhkhobchh xopa. PeflHua Heflopa3yMeHH» ce nopaJKflaT ot oMOHHMHHHara b etBpemchhhji pycKH esHK jjyMa Mup ('mhp' h 'cbht'). H k3kt0 ijaBpeMeTO poMSHbT Ha JI. Tojictoh e „npeBcueH" Ha ötJirapcKH ,ßoüna u Mup", to ecT ocTaßeH e c pycKOTO ch naüsanne. BMecTO Aa 6tae 03amaBeH ,ßoünama u ceemtm", TaKa AtJiro BpeMe b öturapcKaTa npeca ce noAAtpwauie pyöpnicaTa ,ßa Mup 6e3 opbOKue, 3a Mup 6es eouna" BMecTO ,Ja cenm 6e3 ophOKue, 3a cenm 6e3 eoma".
BeflHara cjieA 9.IX.1944 r. b &bJirapcKHa e3HK 3ano*iBaT aa h3bjih33t MacoBo pycKH cjioBocmeTaHHJi h OTAejiHH JieKceMH etc chjiho nojiHTH3Hp3H3 OTpnuaTejiHa KOHOTaumi: epaz na napoda, napoden mednuK, xynaK, (paôpu-Kanmu u Kanumanucmu. IlaK noA pycKo bjumuhc ce CMAaBar h ctHeTaHiw c nojioacHTejiHa kohotsuhji: deme-zepoü, Maüm-zepounn, cuh na napoda, cuh na ompnda, yäapnuK, cmaxanoeeu, zepoü na couucuiucmmecKux mpyd, 3namen mpaKtnopucm, eoMcd u ynumen, ôaufa na napodume h t.h. Kaicro ce BHJKAa ot npHMepHTe, TyK hmh mhoto MajiKO pycKH AyMH, ho Hina pycKa ctneTaeMOCT h eMouHOHajiHa OKpacKa. C Apynu AyMH, 33hmctb3t ce He TOJiKOBa JieKceMH, KOJiKOTO e3HK0Ba CTpaTera», npH roaa npe/jH bchhko Ha paBimmeTo Ha kom-6HHaTopHKaTWHa jieKCHKajiHHTe cahhhuh. riaK noA bjihshhcto Ha pycKH, icaTo aôcojiioTHH KajiKH, ce noaBHxa h cTa6HJiH3Hpaxa b ynoTpeßara ch Hejienirre ot meflHa TOHKa Ha ötJirapcKOTO C3hkobo ct3HaHHe c-bneTaHH» ot THna Kandudam na nayxume, doKmop na naymme c hccbohctbchh 3a t33H no3HUHJi nocecHBHH OTHOiueHH«, H3pa3SBaHH ot npefljiora Ha, kohto ce noHBHBa npn npeßoaa Ha pycKHTe KOHCTpyKUHH -c poflHTejieH naaeac, o6o3naHaBam npHHaane>KH0CT. CtneTaHHeTo Kandudam na naymme e h3uhjio JiHiueHo ot cmhcm. B ßt/irapc-KHJi e3HK ayMaTa Kan;in.naT BHHarn ce e ynoTpe6aBaJia c npezuiora 3a: Kandudam 3a denymam, Kandudam 3a dupeionop, Kandudam 3a Mcenumôa h t.h., a
II, KoHTaKTH Ha frbJirapcKHa e3HK c apyrH e3HiiH
27
c npeiinora na ce cpeiua caMO b 3HaneHHeTO 'yxa)Kop', '»enaem jx& ce oaceHH ja onpejie^eHO jiHue', HanpHMep Kandudam hü Mapwt. #yMaTa aoKTop Ha 6"biirapcKH 6h TpaÖBano na ce ynoTpe6«Ba caMO c npeanora no: doxmop no Meduuuna, doKmop no npaeo h t.h. h naK noa pycKO b;insHiie b ajjMHHHCTpa-THBHO-KaHuenapcKHa cthji ce noaBHxa HexapaKrepHHTe 3a GbnrapciuM e3HK 6e3npe,zyi0HCHH KOHCTpyKUHH KaTO *naHajinuK CMUna BMecTO npaBHJiHoro na-tcuiHUK na CMSwaima/, *pbKoeodumeji Kamedpa BMecTO npaBHJiHOTO pbKoeo-dumen na Kamedpa/ma/ h ap- HHTepecHO e fla ce OTÔejieacH, ne TyK koh-CTpyKUHJiTa e jjbohho HapyuieHa — jiHncBa He caMO npeAJior, ho h apTHKi/i b hhkoh aöcojnoTHO oßjiHraTopHH no3HUHH, HanpHMep: *Koü eu e pbKoeodumen Kamedpa? BMecTO npaBHJiHOTO Koü eu e pbKoeodumen/sim/ na Kamedpama? hjih Koü e pbKoeodumen/sim/ Ha Kamedpama eu? He33BHCHMO ot npoMeHHTe npe3 nocjieAHHTe hskojiko roflHHH, KorsTO mhoto pycH3MH 33no4H3xa Jia or-najiaT, Te3H KOHCTpyKUHH b a/iM h h hctp3th bho—/je ji ob HTe TeKCTOße ca floerra
CTa6njIH3Hp3HH h nOHTH HCH3Tpe6HMH. Te Ce Bl3npHeM3T ot MH03HH3 HHTe-
jinreHTHH xopa Karo hopm3jihh, HeyTp3JiHH (popMH. Bepoarao TyK TpaÖB3 na
TbpCHM He TOJIKOB3 JIOSJ1HOCT kt»M pyCH3MHTe B OtJirapCKHH e3HK, KOJIKOTO
npoHB3T3 Ha OH3H npocjioByT npiiHunn 3a hkohomidi b e3HKa, koííto jiexcH b ocHOBaTa He caMO Ha no3HTHBHH jihhtbhcthhhh 4>eHOMeHH, ho h Ha pejjima jjecTpyKTHBHH »BjieHHfl. 3aT0Ba HHicwie b Co<\>hsí hjih b cTpaHSTa He CMe ot-KpHJiH npaBHJiHHH HaflnHC HanoRHUK na zapama — HaBC»Kijjj,e bhcht Ta6ejiH c ejipH 6yKBH HatanHUK zapa. Kt>m to3H ran »BJieHH« TpaÖBa na OTHeceM h
36COJIIOTHO HejlOrHHHaTa KSKTO b pyCKHH e3HK, T3K3 H B ÖBJITapCKaTa H K3JIKa
KOHCTpyKUHH IJpuceoxeau HXKOMy neufo (pycK. IJpuceoumb KOMy-Hu6ydb Hmo-Hu6ydb), HanpHMep IlpuceoReaM wiKOMy naynno 3eanue. Be3CMHCJieHOCT-Ta Ha T33H KOHCTpyKUHH b pycKH e or6ejiH3aHa ot nncaTejui AHflpeň Bhtob b poMaHa My „nyuiKHHCKHH aom". HejiorHiHOCTTa Ha KOHCTpyKUHaTa h b flBara e3HKa ce CBeayia klm npoTHBopeiHero Me>KAy ceMaHTHKara Ha npeflHKaTa npHCBOHBaM (lB3eMa 33 ce6e ch', kohto npn TOBa b GtJirapcKHJi e3HK HMa OTpHuaTenHa KOHOTauna: npHCBoaBaHero b ötJirapcKoro c íhkobo cuHaime e
cbt>p3aH0 C U3BLpIIIRaHC H3 HJIK3KBO He3aKOHHO hjih HeMOpaJIHO fleHCTBHe) H
ceMaHTHHHaTa crpyiaypa Ha H3pa3HTe, b kohto toh ce BKjnoHBa etc 3HaieHHe 'npHctauiaM', 'npHHHCBaM', 'aaBaM' h t.h.
Cjiea BropaT3 cbctobhs bohhs yKpenH3JiHTe nojíHTHHecKH, an.Mnnn-
CTpaTHBHH, KyjITypHH, H3yMHH H flp. Bpi.3KH CbC CCCP CT3B3T OCHOBa 3a HaCTHHHa pyCH(})HK3UHa H3 6l.Jir3pCK3T3 TepMHH0JI0ľHHH3 jickchk3 B pa3-
JIH4HH ccpepH ua oöiuecTBeHHJi míhbot. Chjiho ce pycHipHUHpa BoeHHaTa Tep-MHHOJiorH«. C HOBaTa 6ohh3 TexHHKa, AOCTSBeHa npeaHMHO ot CCCP, ce ycBoaBaT h ynoTpe6flBaT 6e3 npeBOA hjih bt>b bha Ha k3jikh pycKHTe Ha3Bann» Ha 6oenpHnacHTe. Bciiuhoct, h caMaTa uyMa Rociipiinac e pycH3tM (b otwi-rspcKH HHMa MOTHBHpsiu rjisroji *npiitiacHBaM). ToBa e no CBoeMy yHH-KajiHO HBJíeHHe — HajiHHHe H3 AeBepösTHB ot HyjieBa 3a ftuirapcKiu e3HK Bep6anHa (popMamu.
PycHtpHHHpa ce h ce c2>BeTH3Hpa w rojLHMa CTeneH flopn c3hkt.t Ha jiHTepaTypHaTa kphthkq h Teopmi. Tlpoh3be,n,eh h s Ta Ha couHajiHCTHHeCKHa peajiH3i>M HenpeMeHHO zpadeaxa yjuoaeme u cbpifama na numamejiume, npefl JiHTepaiypHHTe XBopuH ce nocTaaaiue Kaxo sadaia Ns} hjih sadana na 3a-datume H3m> jrae hh eTO aa nopcriHOTO napmuuno nopwenue (hmchho no-ptienne, a He nopiHKa, Katcro e npaBHJiHO Ha 6iJirapcKH), a,eHUHTe Ha H3KycxBoxo TpaBBauie Aa oSopBaT hakoh „He npne m jih b h" Ji03ynrH Kara Ha-npMMep KHxaflcKHH ox Kpaa Ha 50-xe rxuhhh „HeKa pa3m»(pTflx bchhkh qsexa^ Hexa ce pa3BHjrr bchhkh xajiaHXH" a Jia peaJJH3Hpax cnHHCTBeHO npaBMJiHHTe yKa3amw Kaxo HanpHMep „no-6jiH3o ao acwsoxa, no-6jiH3o ao Hapofla!" „KT>fleTO Hapoflx>T, TaM h Hne!" h x.h.
c HaBJiHsaHexo Ha naynHa xepMHHOJiorHH b pasjiHHHHxe HayHHH ooiiac-xh ce npeocMHCJiHxa hjjkoh xepMHHH, ynoxpeosBaHH y Hac h npe^H. Taica jiHxepaxypHiwx xepMHH nepcow.a>k — e/XHa cxapa 3aeMKa ox (ppeucKH, BHHara e o3HanaBaJi 'ciBKynHocxxa ox repoHTe b aaaeHO npoH3Be,neHHe'. Ton ce ynoxpeGnBaiue b StJirapcKH o6hkhobcho b eflKHcxBeHo hhcjio, Kaicro e npn
BCH4KH CtSHpaxeJIHH nOHSTHfl. Ron, BJIHHHHe Ha pyCKaxa TepMHHOJlOTHX, B
kosto nepcoHaiK e paBH03Ha4no Ha repofi, y Hac ce 3aroBopH 3a nepcoHaxcHxe Ha flafleHO npoH3Be;j,eHHe m no X03H HaiiHH ce H3BBpuiH nacxHHHa jrece-MaiiTHsauMa Ha ayMaTa. Ha noflo6Ha aeceMaHnnamifl ce no/TJioacHxa d>mecT-bhtcjihh Kaxo MexoflonorHfl, MeTO^wcx h HXK.jjp. PycKHJix g'jhk aonycKa Bi>3npliemaHe Ha JiyMaxa MexoflOJiomx Kaxo chhohhm Ha Mexo^HKa h xosa ce npeaece b &wirapcKH; npeHece ce h orbjtmecTBHBaHeTO Ha mctojthk h Me-xoflHcx, BtnpeKH ne Ha StJirapcKH nocjie/iHoxo BHHara e 03Ha4aBajio *4JieH Ha pejmrno3Haxa ceKxa „MeTO,0HCTH"'. Cera npaKTHHecKH b 6-tJirapcKHS e3HK jiHHCBa ayMaxa mcto^hk, a mcto/thcx noHesojia cTaua MHoro3HanHa nyus — pa36npa ce 3a xe3n, kohto ca nyBajiH 3a cnoMeHaxaTa pejiHXH03Ha ceicra.
OSynaBaHexo Ha orpoMeH 6poS cnennajiHCTH b CCCP bojih /to uiHpoKo BHeflpsiBaHe Ha pycKa TepMHHOJiorHs npaKXHHecKH bt.b bchhkh ofijiacxH Ha 3HBHHexo. npH MauiHHHHxe ejieMeHTH ce noHBXBa 3ee3dotKa 'MajiKO 3-bOHO KOJiejio' — ex;HH no6x.JirapeH pycH3iM c Hapymena aKueHTHa napaajirMa; b MexaHHHHaxa xepMHHOJionia Ha flip sec Hiiaxa 3anoHBa Aa ce roBopn 3a MauiH-Ha peiicMyc, Manap ie npe/iH b Ei.JirapHfl ce e ynoxpe6aBajia npaBHJiHaxa flyMa mpauxMyc. B MHoro 3aBOflH ce BLBewfla flJitacHocxxa HOJiadvwc, kobxo 3aMeHa fiuirapcKHxe flJiiatHOCXH mexnuK h Moumbop hjih mexnwc no nod-d-bpotcaHemo. B jiecoBtacxBoxo nipBHiHOTO H3B03BaHe Ha fltpaecHHaxa ,ao ropHHX CKJiaA 3ano4Ba aa, ce Hapn^a mpejiesKa hjih c hhcto pycKO orjiacsBaHe mpejiboem, TpaKTopHxe ot eepustCHU cxaBax z-bcenunHu, a pemnmama Ha nojjexo — ypoxcau. B no4B03HaHHeTO ce 3aroBopBa 3a Kecmeuxeu noneu, kohto BHHarH ca 6hjih HapHHaHH y Hac xa(paeu.
Mhoxo HenpaBHJiHocxH Bi>3HHKBax y Hac noa bjihuhhc Ha pycKHxe KOHBepcHBH ox XHna Ha poem — 'picT1 h 'pacxeac'. Y nac ce 3aroB0pH sa *pbcm na npomeademeomo — eano Heneno cbneraHHe ox rjieflHa TOHKa
Ha SinrapcKHS e3HK, b Koexo AiiHaMiiHiiaxa npeflcxaBa 3a pacxeat ce cL3/jaBa c noMOmxa Ha cxaxH4HO-KOHCxaxHBHOxo ctmecxBHxejiHO pi>cm, 6e3 fla ce oxMHxa HajiH4nexo Ha cneuHajiH3HpaHa ^yMa b e3HKa hh, kojito ce HrHopapa no eauH clbce.m Heonpaaaan HanaH.
IdMa Cbmc c'nsciia pa3JiHKa b ynoxpe6axa na pycM3MH cjiejj OcboSomc-fleHHexo ox xypcKO poScxBO h cjiefl 1944 r. B ntpBira cjiyMafi pycKHxe saeMKH ce ynoxpeSiiBax npe^HMHO HeyTpaJiHO b pa3JiHHHHxe xepMhhojioxhhhh o6nac-th; bi.b Bxopafl xe ce BKinpHeMax Kaxo npH3HaK Ha hoboto ^lHCJieHe h npw-BtpsaHocxxa klm hobha AtpjKaBeH h ofimecTBeH couwajtHCTHHecKH CTpoft. IIoj], pycKO EJiHAHiie noJivtfmma 3anoiBa ^a ce Hapnna Mwtitijux h, Koexo e mhoto noKa3axejiHO, tipe3 1990 r., b pe3yjixax Ha npeocMHCJUHexo Ha iteH-Hocxxa h, othobo 6e napeneHa nojimjua.
Ox BCH4K0 Ka3aHO no xyK Mosce ij,a bi/jiimkuc BnenaxjieHHexo, 4e pyc-koto BjuiHiiiie Btpxy 6i.j]rapcKHa e3HK HMa caMO oxpHuaTejiHH xapaKxepHC-
XHKH. TOBa B HHKaKTiB CJiyHaH He e BSpHO 11 e HpaKXHHeCKH HeBT>3MO»[ho
npn e3HKOBHxe KOHTaKTH Bi.o6iHe. Cainofo OBJiaaaBaHe Ha e^HH s3hk e aeie hob npo3opeu ki.m cBexa. B peawqa cjiy'ian pycKaTa TepMHHonorHjj 3ani.JiBa npa3HH npocxpaHczBa, TbM KaTO iiaBJitoa c Hoaa xexHHKa h hobh xexHOJiorHH. TaKa ao 1957 r. y Hac He e HMano oxpacbJi b AtpsecH-H03naHHexo xumuhhq mexHOJiozuR Ha dbpvecuitama, He e 6njia 0(J)0pMeHa Kaxo ox^ejiHa HayKa h Mexammnama mexxojiosux na dtpeecunama. Ecxec-XBeHO e 6hjio c OTAejiHHexo Ha xe3H r^Be hobh o6nacTH jia ce BB3npneMe Bi)B bha Ha Kajwca pyCKoxo hm nanMeHObuiine, tt>h KaTO Te 3anoqBax aa ce pa3pa6oxBax H3Kjno4HTejiHo no pycKH TexHOJiorHHeH o6pa3eu. TaKHBa npHMepw HNia n04TH bib bchhkh oxpacjiH Ha 3HaHH«to.
AKTHBH3HpaHexo Ha pe^Hua rpawaTiinHH MexaHHJMH, 3a kohto 6e cno-Menaxo no-rope, ci.uj.o e e^hh nponec na cbHtHBJiBaHe h pasflBHacsaHe Ha CKpHTHTe pecypcH Ha coBcxBeHaxa hh e3HKOBa CHCreMa. Ho He Moate fla He ce cbJKajiHBa 3a cjiyjanxe Ha 3ary6a Ha (popMH nojj BJinauHe na pycKH, KaKxo e He caMO b cjiynas c AyMaxa pacmeoK, ho h c xaKHBa 3ano4HajiH ^a H3He3BaT or otpHUHajiHHH e3HK iiyMH Kaxo CKa3Ka c xhhhhhoxo StJirapcKO 3Ha4eHHe 'yCTM0 HSJiOiKeHHe', 'ycxeH ijoKJiaji', 'ycxeH peiJiepaT'; pe<pepam — eima Jiywa, Ha-nuiHO M3XJjacKaHa ox ;ryMaxa dowiad, kosto b SbJirapcKH e HMajia BHHara CTporo onpe^ejieHO aflMhhhcrparnbno 3By4eHe — h t.h. KoraTO e3HKOBHTe KOHTaKTH 3anoiBaT fla npHHHHSBaT ctBceM oneBHAHH 3ary6H, Te boast no onpeaejieHO oSeflHaeaHe Ha nofljioKCHHS Ha BJinaHne e3HK — b cjiynaa, SbJi-rapcKHx — h TOBa npeji,H3BHKBa CMymeHHJi b nyBCTBOTO sa e3HKOBa jiohjihocx BtnpeKH mhoi*oto oirjaHHHeHHJi b e3HKOBaxa nojiHXHKa, 6i>JirapcKaTa esHKOBa oBiHHocT HHKora He e 6HJia nacnaeH noTpe6nTeji na HajiaraHHTe h xapaK-TepHCTHKH b peflHHa 4>yHKnHOHajiHH crajioBe h b ceMaHTHHHaTa ch naMex e onaanjia peajiHHxe hm 6i.JirapCKH napaMexpH. Tosa npojinnaBa mhoto spKO B cxpeMeaca Ha ctapeMeHHaxa HHxejiHrenuHa aa BtscxaHOBH 3ary6eHHTe (J)op-MaijHH h /;a aKXHBH3Hpa ynoTpeQaTa hm b noflxOAaujH jTHCTpHSyuHH.
30
EvjirapCKH e3HK
ripH H3CJJCÜB3HCTO Ha e3HKOBHTe K0HT3KTH 6h TpHÖBaJlO fla Ce pa3-
rpaHHHaT flBa MOMema: a/, hhcto JiHHrBHCTHHHaTa CTpaHa Ha Btnpoca, kohto pa3KpHB3 MexaHH3MHTe h TeHfleHUHHTe npH ycBOHBaHero Ha 3aeMKHTe ot e^HH HJiH apyr e3HK h 67. nparMaraHHHTe xapaicrepHCTHKH Ha ynoTpeßaTa Ha 3aeMKHTe, kohto h3m iipaT oTpasceHHe npejm bchhko b cthjihcthhhhtc hm
npOHBH B TeKCTa Ha nOBJIHHHHH e3HK. B CTHJIHCTHHHaTa pOJJH Ha pyCH3MHTe B
6-bJirapcKHJt e3HK ce Ha6jiK\aaBa onpeaejieHa uhkjihhhoct Ha npoqecHTe. B Kpaa na XIX h b HanajioTO Ha XX b. ynoTpe6aTa Ha pycH3MH e ci3aaBajia Ha roBopemHJi opeon Ha o6pa30BaH h aeMOKpaTHHHO Mucnem 'iobck. B TBop-qecTBOTO Ha nHcaTeJíHTe ot T03h nepwoa MoraT na ce HaMepHT orpoMHO KOJiHHecTBo flOKa3ate^cTBa. TepojiT Ha Hobkobhh pa3Ka3 3eM.tMifu (1915) HnKona, e^HH ot bohhhuhtc, cpaacaBajiH ce na ötJirapo-TypcKHH (jjpoHT no BpeMe Ha EajiKaHCnara BoňHa (1914), 3asoioBa jiK>6oBTa h yBaaceHHeTo Ha BOHHHUHTe ne caMO c öaKeHÖap^HTe ch h c fltJirHTe ch MycTaim h 6pa^a á la CfcoöejieB, ho h c nocTOHHHaTa ynoTpe6a Ha OTflejiHH pycn3MH h uejiH pycKH H3peneHHJi. H BtnpeKii ne cnopeji aBTopa toíí npHJiHna Ha cMeiiwo rpHMHpaH aKTbop ot BOfleBHJiHa nrpa, o6ejcrHBHaTa HCTHHa e noKa3Ha: ynoTpe6aTa na pycH3MH, cbHeTaHa c pe^Hua ccmhothhhh HeBep6ajiHH cpeflCTBa, e hohth 6e3cnopeH 3ajior 3a H3BoiOBaHe Ha aBTopHTeT cpe,a GbJírapHTe. B cnoMeHaTHH pa3Ka3 BHiiMaiine 3apnyacaBa ome ejuiH momcht, kohto e MHoro xaparrepeH 3a enoxaTa. Ha MapKHpaHaTa ynoTpeóa Ha pycH3MH ot repoHTe My Hobkob npoTHBonocTaBs (Haíí-BepoHTHO noflcx>3HaTe^Ho) coöcTseHara ch HeyTpajiHa ynoTpeöa Ha pezmua ayMH ot pycKH npoH3xon. B aBTopcxaTa pen caGsrra Ha nopyHHKa e cnaĎfleHa c meMJiRK, noJieBHTe yKpenjieHHH ce HapnnaT Jiionemu (4>peHCKa ayMa, buxxw b 6i>JirapcKH npe3 pycKH), a c pycKH nyMH ca o6o3-HaieHH noHTH bchhkh aMyHHUHH h 6oenpnnacH.
Cnen 30-Te rojMHH Ha XX b. ce HaönroaaBa ctBceM onpe.ae.neH otjwb, OTApiinBaHe ot pycH3MHTe b 6i>jirapcKH« khhhcobch e3HK h ocoöeHO b xy-ao»cecTBeHaTa jíHTepaTypa. Hob, ome ne—MoiueH ot ITbpBlM, npHJiHB 3anoHBa, KaKTO Bene 6e cnoMeHaTO, Belara cjiefl BTopaTa cBeTOBHa Bořma. H npe3 noc^eflHHTe 6-7 to^hhh HMa othobo otjihb, npH TOBa TBtpfle pH3iK h Ha MecTa flopH jiHHFBHCTHHHo HeonpaB/iaH, 3amoTO cohh 3aeMKH 3ano4Haxa aa ce H3MecTB3T ot apyra, noHHKora napaflOKcajiHH. Tana, no HauHOHajmaTa TejieBH3HH o63opHOTO npeaaßaHe „naHopaMa" h3BCCtho BpeMe 6eiue Hapn-HaHO h H3nHďBaHo (!) MázasUHHO. HanocjieatK 3anecTH xyMopncTHHHaTa yno-Tpe6a Ha peaniia pycn3MH. ToBa HBneiiHe e mhoto xapatcrepno 3a MJia#e>KKHH xaproH, a TaKa ct>uio 3a MHoro MJiafleacKH xyMopncTHHHH pa#Ho- h Te-neBH3HOHHH npcaaBaHHH ot ™na Ha „KaHajieTo". OrflejiHH nojíHTHHecKH ci.6hthh noHJiKora B3pHBHBaT JiHHrBHCTHHHaTa aTM0C(})epa Ha Te3H nporpaMH h Te 6yKBajiHo 3ajniBaT c^yiuaTejíHTe h 3pHTejiHTe c Buma ot caTupHHHO oÔHrpaHH pycH3MH. Taica ce cjiyHH, HanpHMep, b HanajroTo Ha anpHJi 1996 r. c/iea npe^o)KeHHeTo Ha pycKHH npe3HfleHT B. Ejiuhh 3a npHcteflHHHBaHe Ha EtjirapHS K-bM HOBocT,3aaBaiuHH ce CCCP.
II. KoHTaKTH Ha 6tjirapcKH)i e3HK c apyru e3nmi
31
Ot hhcto JiHHrBHCTHHHO r^e^HUie cnoMeHaTHTe npHJiHBH h otjihbh b KpaňHa CMeTKa bjihjwt 3^e Btpxy CTa6HJiH3HpaHeTO Ha KHHHCoBHaTa HopMa b 6i>JirapcKH5i cihk, KaTo ci.3flaBaT b CTpymypaTa My MHoro6poňHH BHÖpH-pauiH 3BeHa.
Mo)Ke aa ce Ka»e, ne b aHajionmHH cHTyaqHH, m a k a p h b apyrH HCTopHMecKH enoxH, pycHTe no-Mt^po ca 3anMCTBa;in ot GtnrapHTe. B noBeneTO cjiynaH 6i.JirapcKHTe 3aewkii b pycKH ^JyHKíiHOHHpaT napajiejiHO c pycKaTa (j)opMa h ci.3flaBaT ct36hjihh cth^hcthihh BapnaHTH, kohto o6oraTHBaT e3HKa h npoTHBoaeßcTBaT Ha oöeflHHBaHeTO My, HanpHMep na-pea c pycK. ôepee fjty HKiuionupa h 6t>Jir. 6pez {Ha ôpez neaaHbiü u nycmoü — A. nyuiKHH); Hapea c pycK. aojioc — 6i>Jir. zjiac {Tnac e nycntbine); Hapefl c pycK. mojiohhuu — 6i.Jir. m/utetmuu (cpB. KucejibHbie peioj, mo-jioiHbie ôepeea, ho MßevHbiü nyrnb); Hapea c pycK. eojiocbi — 6t>Jir. enacbi (Pyóiibi vena, enacbt cedbie... ■— A. nyuiKHH) h mh. ap.
KaKTo e H3BecTHO, b pa3rJie»cflaHH5i nepnofl 6i>JirapcK0 bjihuhhc Bipxy pycKHfl e3HK npaKTHHecKH HJiMa. Ho Bce naK oTflenHH (J)opMauHH b pe3yjrraT Ha KyjiTypHHTe KoHTaKTH Me>Kfly jXBere crpaHH MoraT ^a ce cpHKcnpaT. Eahh HHTepeceH npHMep e Bt3npHeMaHOTO Bce ome Karo HeojiorH3tiM b pycKH npHnaraTe^HO cydbôoHocmiu -earn a6co^ioTHa KanKa ot 6i.JirapcK0TO cbd-ôoHoceH, kohto ce ynoTpeÔJiBa b pycKH ne noBe^e ot aeceTHHa roflHHH h cpemy kohto HMauie pe^Hua Bi>3pa>KeHHH b pycKaTa nepHOflHKa, ocoöeHO b „JlHTepaTypHaa ra3eTa", Kt^eTo TOBa npHnaraTe^HO 6euie Hapeneiio jiiimeno
OT BCHKaKBB CMHCIH.
He MoaceM na He npH3HaeM, ne bjihhhhcto Ha pycKHH e3HK Bipxy
ÔBJírapCKHH, BtnpeKH BCHHKHTC HOpMaTHBHH flOKyMeHTH, UeJlHIUH to fla
6-bjie ome no-CHJiHO (HMame nepnofl, npe3 koííto b nporpaMHTe 3a ob-JiaaHBaHe Ha pycKHH e3HK b cpeflHHTe yiHjiHiua 6eme nocTaBeHa He.'ienara ot ncHxojiHHľBHCTHHHO rJieflHme 3aflana toíí aa Ötae ycBoeH no CTeneH Ha BTopH po^eH e3HK), e e^HH npouec, noannaTen c H3bcctho jihhtbhcthhho 3H3HHe. 3ajiTjjiH<HTejiHOTO H3yHaBaHe Ha pycKHH e3HK b yHHJinme, a h caMaTa 6jih30ct Ha po^CTBeHHTe e )iimi He aaßaxa bi>3mo>khoct Ha 6tn-rapHHa na H3na^He b KyjiTypHO—moKOBa cHTyauHH, b kukbsto toh H3naaa ,inec exce^HeBHO no.a nniiHime na 3Kthbhoto naBniiiane Ha auraiiňcKHH e3HK y Hac. OcHOBHaTa Maca 6i>JirapH Bce ome He «leTaT h He pa3ÖHpaT
aHrJlHHCKH H Ha THX HM e BCe eflHO flajIH Ha BHTpWHHTe Ha OÖMeHHHTe
6řOpa nnme change h^h exchange. EvurapHHiT npocTO He 3Hae, ne ôpoxep h ßopcoe nocpeduuK e eflHO h cbiuo, a ntOUHZhm, TaKa miipoKo npax-THKyBaH flHec, e floroBopHpaHe 3a aaBaHe hhh B3eMaHe noa HaeM Ha Hemo ot .zibhhchmoto HJiH HeflBHJKHMOTO HMymecTBo, a TaKa CT.IHO h 6e3BanyTeH
CTOKOOÖMeH. JIlo6HTe^HTe Ha (pHJIMOBOTO H3KyCTBO rOBOpHT 3a €KUi"bHU K
mpuiihpu 6e3 na MoraT ^a bhhkh3t b cbflbpacaHHeTO Ha Te3H TepMHHH, KaTo
HHTyHTHBHO „HanHnBaT" CMHCJIOBHTe HM KOMnOHeHTH, MeCTO CbBCeM CH-TyaTHBHO.
CpeAHO nojioxceHHe Meamy ctBceM HenocBeTeHHre h 3HaemnTe jjoßpe an um ne ku C3HK saeMa eflHa 3Ha4HTejiHa 4acT ot MJiaAOTO noKOJieHne, KoeTo noHa3HaňBa e3HKa h ce crpcMn aa. 6i>Ae b toh He tojikobe c iiaiicniHa Ha-cbuiHaTa noTpeÖHOCT ot HeroBOTo ycBOHBaHe, kojikoto c MO^aTa. Hecro ce cpemaT mjwah xopa, kohto Konnpar aHTJiHHCKHH peneB eTHKeT hjih ch cjiywar npH pemiHKHpaHe c (J)pa3eojiorH3HpaHH cmeTaHaa, b kohto BtBeacnaT aH-moe3H4HH eneMeHTH, HanpHMep Toea e meoü 6umec bmľcto 6tnr. Toea cu e meoR paóoma. Ot npHMepa jihhh, 4e npn BtBOKaane Ha 4y»yiaTa JieKceMa ot (J)opMauHJiTa MOJKe aa ce OTHeMe hhkoh aiayaJiH3aTop (b cjiynaa ch), kohto mo/Ke Ují HMa 3H34HTeJiHa peracTpoea 4>yHKU,HH. Cjiy4Ba ce npn 3aKtcHeHHe hjih npn AonycKaHe Ha HanaKBa apyra Hepe^HocT MJia/iesKH jja H3pH4aT c-bJKojwäOM! BMecTO Hieuwieaümel. B KapTOTeKaTa hh HMa AHaji03H c bb-npocH Ha pa3Apa3neHH hjih HeaoyMSBautH Bi>3pacTHH: 3a koksö cbjica-jineame?
KaKTO h BceKH Jipyr e3HK, HaBjjH3am aKTHBHO b C(})epaTa Ha po.zj.hhh, aHrjiHHCKHJiT 3acara 4yBCTB0T0 Ha e3HKOBa jiohjihoct y ötJirapHHa. ToBa hs-Miipa OTpaxceHHe b paöoTaTa Ha pe^Hua 0<|>HUHaJiHH cJiopyMH, Ha kohto ce o6cT>)KAa BinpocbT 3a 4HCTOTaTa Ha ötJirapcKHH e3HK, KaTO HanpHMep opra-HH3HpaHHTe ot BAH flHCKycHH Ha Ta3H TeMa, npoeKT03aKOHi>T 3a 6i>JirapcKHJi e3HK, cicTaBeH ot Ci.K)3a Ha otJirapcKHTe nHcarejm h, HaKpa», npneTHXT ot HapoflHOTO cjjöpaHiie npe3 1995 r. 3aKOH 3a 6i>JirapcKHH e3HK. B ct.ui.oto BpeMe 3a bcckh e3HKOBeA e jícho, 4e e3iiKOBii rc koht3kth He MoraT m ce ynpaaJMBaT c AeKpera h 33kohh, 3amoTO Te ce peryjinpaT npeAH bch4ko ot
eKCTpaJlHHrBHCTH4HH oßcTOHTeJICTBa H OCOÔeHO OT llKOIlOMlľfCCKU'i'C H nOJlH-THHeCKHTe (j)3KTOpH. Ho flOpH Aa 0CT3BHM TÖ3H 4HCTO npa ľM3TH 4 H H peJiaHHH,
Tpsößa fla ch AaB3Me cmětks, ne koht3kti>t c SHrjiHHCKH» c:íkk e Be4e pe-
ajlHOCT H T33H peailHOCT HM3 CBOHTe Í103HTHBHH X3p3KTepHCTHKH, KOHTO
Hani>JiHO ce noAoaBaT Ha onncaHHe. B Ka4ecTB0T0 ch Ha MeamyHapojteH e3HK am jiiiHCKíiHT BiBeacfla ôtJirapHHa npaKTH4ecKH b Aonnp c bch4kh npoHBH Ha
nOJlHTH4eCKHH, HK0H0MH4eCKHH h HHTeJieKTyaJIHHH JKHBOT Ha CBeTa. Pa3UIH-
pHBaHeTO Ha KOHTaKTHTe hh cic 3anaAHOopHeHTHpaH3Ta nayKa h3hckb3 6i.p30 B-bBejK^aHe Ha hobh Hay4HH HOMHHau,HH, OTroBapaiyH Ha hoboto cL^i>p>Kaniie Ha MHoro H3y4HH noHHTHH c pa3JiH4Ha CTeneH Ha aöcTpaKuna. Taxa Hape/i c ii3BecTHara y Hac nonumuKOHOMUH b HK0H0MH4ecKHTe cneqHajiHOCTH ce BiBeama HOBaTa Hay4Ha o6ji3ct ukohomukc, kohto ce pa3Önpa KaTO hko-H0MHK3 Ha na33pHOT0 CTonaHCTBO. Moace a3 ce cnopn jiaJin TepMHHbT e MHoro cnoJiy4J3HB ot meflHa to4K3 Ha JieKCHKanHHTe h Mopc})OJiorH4HH oco-6eH0CTH Ha Bt3npHeT3T3 AyM3, ho ne H3ni.jiHÄBa AHíjiepeHUHpamaTa ch pojw, T0B3 e 6e3cnopHO. Ot ctiHHTe ci>o6p3)KeHHH 3a y e ah aK b a aa h e H3 nporpaMHTe c tc311 Ha peAHua eBponeiícKH h aMeptiKaucKH By30Be y h3C ce cb3aaAe cneunajiHOCT, Hape4eHa Memid^cMeHm hjih MenudoKM-bum, b p3MKHTe Ha kohto ce H3y4aBaT npeAMe™ ot rana Ha n-bônuK pu/ieüuitHC h np.n. Bi>Be5KA3HeTO Ha MejKAynapoAHa aHmocpHiuipaHa TepMHHOJiorHH lipasu na-
Luiíic HHTejieKTyajiHH cpeAH ho-koht3kthh h TpyAOBeTe hm c noMOUJja na
KJIKlHOBHTe AyMH B THX nO-AOCTLIIHH 33 np04HT OT 4y>KAeHHH, AOpH KOľaTO
ca Ha 6iJirapcKH, kohto, KaKTO e h3bcctho, He e mhoto nonyjinpeH e3HK, a h no CBOHTe eK30TH4HH xapaKTepHCTHKH He e MHoro pa36npaeM Aopn 3a cjia-
BHHliTe.
Ot KOHTaKTHTe c necjiaBHHCKH e3Hun MHoro B3>Keii e 6hji BiiHarn koh-
T3KTT.T C TypCKHfl C311K. Toň, K3KT0 H K0HT3KTBT C pyCKH, HM3 6oraTa HCTOpHJí
h nepHOAH Ha npiuiHBH h otjihbh, nopaAH kohto cera othobo ce Hanara Aa ce
0CMHCJ1HT TypCKHTe iaCMKI! B GtJirapCKH. Ee3 ClMHeHHe, TypCKOTO pOÔCTBO,
npoA"bJi>KHJio neT BeKa, e HMajio 33 pe3y^T3T AoöpoTO BJiaAeeHa H3 TypcKHÄ e3HK ot MHoro 6bJirapn. Te 6e3 npHHyA3, no cbBceM ecTecTBeH* nvr ca npn-BH3C3J1H b poAHHS ch e3HK xypcKH obopMauHH, kohto ot Kpaň BpeMe ca Shjih
MHOľOÔpOHHH H pa3HO06pa3HH no CTpyKTypHH H KOHCTpyKXHBHH B-h3M01K-
hocth. 3aT0Ba, ocßen 6oraTaTa lypCKa jickchks, UOHKM A3 1 ia6jik)A3baMe
CHJIHO TKpKCKO KOHCTpyKTHBHO BJlHÍHHe BT>pxy M0p(J)0JI0rH4HaT3 0praHH3a-
UHX Ha 6i.nrapcKHH e3HK: b Hero e 3aTBtpAeHa eAHa TeMnopajiHa CHCTeMa, HaniJiHO KOHrpyeHTHa Ha TypcKaTa. Pa3Hoo6pa3HeTO Ha BpeMeHaTa b 6tjj-rapcKHH e3HK, ocoöeHO b MHHana nepcneKTHBa, ci.3AaBa komíJjopthh ycjioBHH 3a pa3HOo6pa3HH cthjihcth4hh peuieHHH. HajiH4ueT0 h3 tojihmo kojih4Cctbo (JiopMii n03BOJiHB3 b ĎTjjirapcKHH e3HK a3 ce cneuHajiii3npa cpeACTBO 3a pa3-jiHHaBaHe Ha CBHAeTejiCKara h HecBHAeTejicKaTa ynoTpeóa Ha rjiarojíHTe h BBnpociT 3a aBTopn3auHHTa ce pemaBa b paMKHTe Ha otJirapcKOTO H3pe4eHne
no H34HH, Hen03HaT H3 ApyrHTe CJiaBflHCKH e3HHH. TaK3 eAHO M0p(j)0JI0rH4H0
HBJíeHHe ocnrypHBa o(j>opMHneTO Ha CTpora moacjih Ha H3pe4CHHH c He-AuycMHCJieH CTHJiHCTH4en MapKep na tckctobo paBHHme^
Čněn OcBoöoacAeHHeTo ot TypcKO poôcTBO He ce Ha6jnoAaB3T pe3KH
IipOMeilM B J10J4J1HOCTT3 H3 6l.Jir3pCK3T3 e3HK0B3 0Ö1HH0CT K"bM TypCKHTe
3aeMKH. Te CLmecTByB3T h djyHKHwouHpsT uspea c MHoro pycKH 3aeMKH,
KOHTO pHAKO BJ1H33T B KOHKypeHHHH C THX. C Te4eHHe Ha BpeMeTO B KOH-
KypeHUHH c TypCKHTe íucmkii bjih33T jieKCHKaJiHHTe 11 rpaM3TH4HH (Jiop-
MÜU1111 H3 6-bJir3pCKHH c3uk H T03H npOUeC e H3ITbJIH0 33K0H0MepeH B JKHB0T3 H3 HC33BHCHM3T3 Be4e CTpaHa. TpyAHO ÓilXMC MOľJlH a3 K35KCM, 4e
Typu,H3MHTe npocTO t3K3 ca npecTaHajiň Aa ce ynoTpeÔHBaT. Te ce cpem3T AtJiro h 4ecT0 b eaceAHeBHOTO pe4eB0 noBejienne Ha otJirapHTe, npn TOBa rjiaBHO b HeyTpajiHa ynoTpeôa. ^aiiHHTe ot 6T>JirapcKna e3iiK noKa3BaT, 4e HeyTpajiHaTa ynoTpeôa Ha 33eMKHTe e Haň-ycTOUHUBa 11 ne npeAH3BHKBa HHK3KBH ocoßeHH cMouiiii y HOCHTejiHTe Ha e3HKa ot rueAHa T04Ka H3 t3K3
Hape4eH0TO 06p3TH0 BJlHHHlie, H3 e3HK3. BCH4KH IIHCMeHH TCKCTOBe CBH-
fleTejicTBaT, 4e HSHBHara Kúpi 11 na H3 CBeTa 3a cpeAHHH 6-bJirapHH flo cpeji3T3 na BeKa ce e oqiopMHJia b 3H34HTejiH3 CTeneH c onopa Ha TypcKH HOMHHamiH: apaôadjtcux ('KOJiap'), uapdaK ('AtpBeH ôajiKOH', 'Tepscs'), mecxepe ('AOKyMeHr'), Mampantnuu ('ApeôeH TtproBen'), zeôoiceKytu ('KyKyBHna'), neepe ('K-bpns, 6poAHpana no KpanmaTa'), (pydyji ('HaAyT
3 — EuirapcKii eSHK
34
BwirapcKH C3HK
II. KoHTaKTH na 6bJirapcKH» C3HK c jpyrH e3HUH
35
HOBeK'), doHQHMa ('yBeceneHHe'), ebopc ('HaKOBajma'). He caMO b pa3ro-BopHHa'e3HK, ho h b xyaoacecTBeHaTa jiHTepaiypa ce cpemaT nepcHHCKH h apaöcKH jieKceMH, HaBJie3JiH b 6tJirapcKHíi e3HK npe3 TypcKH: mukom ('MejioflH»', apa6.), ceôan Oo6po aejio, H3Bt,puieHO b hmcto Ha 6ora', apa6.), naiu ('flOJiHHmeTO Ha norypHTe', nepc.) h jsp.
Oco6eHO 3HaneHHe b 6tJirapcKHfl e3HK ca nojiyuHjiH hjikoh ejreMeHTH ot TypcKiw peneB eTHKeT. Te ca aonycTHMH b pa3roBop Me*yiy .nocTarbHHO 6^h3kh xopa h oÖHKHOBeHo H3pa3HBax noflHepTaHa .aoopoHcenaTejiHocT, Hanp. HodoicyM ('MOMqe'), Kb3-bM ('MOMHHe'): Mumbo, noMucnu, todoKym, we omcu-naü meednam. He mhoto lecTO, ho Bee naK Morax m ce nysx xypcKHxe fyop-MH 3a no3flpaB: Odk zeuduMl ('3flpaBe»!'); Caöaxam pycyM,' ('flo6po yxpo!'); Vok cejiHM'. ('MHoro 3flpaBe!') h ap. Ox raejma TOHKa Ha perHCTpoBaTa cer-MeHTauiw Ha e3HKa Monce aa ce tbt-p^h, hc cnoMeHaTHTe TypuH3MH npe-BKJiioHBaT peracTpHTe h ocbinecTBaBaT npexoa ot HeyxpanHHJi perac-n>p kt>m perncTbpa Ha cHMnaxHjrra, ofloöpeHHeTO h flopH Bi.3XHmeHHeT0. Ot mea-Ha TOHK3 Ha TeopHHTa 3a eMnaTHJiTa Moace aa ce TBtpflH, ne cnoMeHaTHTe (JiopMauHH ycHJiBar eMnarajm Ha 6jih30cx MOKay npojiyicxopa h a^pecara Ha H3Ka3a.
npe3 BTopaTa nonoBHHa Ha 80-Te roflHHH npn npoBeacflaHeTO Ha Taxa HapeneHHH „Bi.3poaHTejieH nponec" ce Bolenie aKTHBHa 6op6a npOTHB ynoTpe6aT& Ha TypuH3MH h to npeflHMHO Ha JieKCHicajiHO paBunme. Ako T03H npouec He 6eme TOJiKOBa TparHHHO oöarpeH, 6h motjio m ce roBopH 3a Hero ot CMeuiHaTa cipaHa, kohto e cBtp3aHa c BtBOKflaHeTO Ha öinrapcKH apTecJiaKTH b penHHKa He b pe3yjiTar Ha c3hkobh npoMeHH, a c HHCxpyKUHs. Hinauie yica3aHHe «cxHexo Kbonoojiy jia ce Hapuna 3ejieu xaüeep — e^Ho cjioBOctneTaHMe, KoeTO b ciBpeMeHHHa otJirapcKH e3HK 03HanaBa 'Hemo HectmecTByBamo', '6e3CMHCJiHna', '3a6nyaa'; b hakoh pecTopaHTH npecTaHaxa aa cepBHpaT uMOM-oaxjidh, 3amoTO HiMauie icaic fla Ha30BaT hcthcto no 6&JirapcKH. Hskoh Ha3saHHa 6axa 6yKBajiHO npe-BeflCHH Ha CiJirapCKH, b pesyjiTax Ha KoeTO Bi>3HHKHaxa HeBT>3M05KHH CT>HeT3HHJi. MecTHOCTTa ffeôestama xypux 6e npexpicTeHa b ffeôejiama eopa, BtnpeKH ne nocneflHHTe jxBe neKceMH B 6fcJ)rapcKH He MoraT m ce cineTaBaT. EuirapcKaTa KOMÖHHaTopHKa no3BOJiXBa cbneTaHHirra deöenu dbpeema h zbcma eopa, ho He h aeoejia ropa. 3a aa 6%ne onpaBflaH to3h cbMHHTejieH jiypH3T>m c nojíHTHHecKa OKpacKa, toh Gerne pa3npocTpaHeH h Btpxy HSKOH apyrvi 3aeMKH ot HeMCKH, 4>PCHckh, HTajiHaHCKH h npoH., o6o3Ha«iaBainH peajiHH h bcbuihoct a^eKBaTHO HenpeBOflHMH, HanpHMep 6euie 3a6paHeHo ^a ce rmme b mchhjto h no TaöejiHTe Ha 3aBeaeHHHTa 3a o6mecTBeHO xpaHeHe HTajinaHCKaTa ayMa nutfa — tjt 6euie 3aMeHH«a etc CbHeTaHHeTo eapHupana numa, KoeTO 6euie CMeuiHO h a u—m sui koto nopaflH TOBa, ne h zapnupana He e 6iJirapcKa flyina.
Cera othobo b GtJirapcKH ce H3noJi3BaT He caMO Ha3BaHH»Ta Ha häkoh peajiHH, HanpHMep »cthh, b^e3nn b &bJirapcKaTa namiona.iHa KyxHn: Kbono-
ojiy, umclm-ôosuidb, neeepMe, xaeapMa, luxeMÔe nopöa, KbpHanema, mwpjiio zioeev, mac xeôan, mypiuux, kxhux h t.h., ho h o6o3HaHem«rra Ha nocrpOHKH, apxHTeicrypHH ejieMeHTH: nxhp, caüeaitm, cadotcaK, Ha npeflMCTH or 6frra: zuezup, zepzecp, co<ppa, mony3 h t.h.; o6o3HaHem«r 3a pa3JiHHHH MarepHajm: hom — lOMoe, Muuia -Muiuoe h npon. Hapefl c Tax ce ynorpeOJiBaT thhhhhh TypcKH 3aeMKH -npnnaraTejiHH, kohto He nonynaBaT oKOHHaHiw 3a poa h hhc-no: mam (xceHa, weex, deme, xopa), KecKUH (paKta, Hanurnm), cep6e3 {mo-Muie, MOMte, xnanemá), cepm {momhc ifuzapu), KoddKa (Bojikoh, ruianuna, /OHatfu) h t.h. Moace ,na ce npcanojioacH, ne mmchho iiaBJiinanero Ha He-H3MeiLaeMH §opMH Ha npHJiaraTejiHH ot TypcKH cb3flaBa cera bmmwkhoct 3a aKTHBHa ynoTpe6a na HeH3MeHaeMH 3anajmoeBponeňcKH saeMKH — npwjia-raTejiHH ot THna Ha exempa (napne, npunecKa, KawKaean, Hanurnm), cynep (tuoy, npoepajua, neeuua, MOAinema, cmé) h Bce ome <J)aMHJiHapHO-pa3roBop-HHTe ot TMna Ha cneuibn (Katpe, cJiynaü), cexcu (.\iadava, MOMme, moanem) H t.h. Ot TypcKH npoH3xofl ca h npH^araTejiHHTe c HacTaBKa —JiHň, kohto ce H3MeřMT caMO no 1HCJIO, noflMHHaBaíÍKH BamHaTa 3a ÖuirapcKaTa Mop<})OJiorHJ! KaTeropna pojí: KbcMenuiux (voeeK, otcena, MOMime) — KbCMenuiuu (xopa), eaümarutwi (cempe, a6a) — zaümamuu (eeoxdu). B GbJirapcKH Te MoraT ^a ce cy6cTaHTHBHpar h aa ce HJieHyBaT: catcanwima, am/tuxma. Ta3H cyöcTaHTH-BauHa He e Hemo hobo b e3HKa hh, ho TyK roBopHM 3a eflHH hob eTan Ha noHJiHOCT KiM Hea. Cera b &bnrapcKiw e3HK ce HaßjiKwaBa 3acHJiBaHe Ha ipaH-
Cn03HTHBHHTe «BJieHHi! nOfl npflKOTO BJIHHHHe Ha MOpijjOJIOrHHHaTa o(JiopMe-HOCT Ha HHKOH TypCKH H TIOpKCKH 33eMKH.
B nepHO.ua Ha aeM0KpaTH3auHH Ha 6i.JirapcK0T0 oömecTBO HopMaTa He nocTaB» pe3KH orpaHHneHHa npea ynoTpe6aTa Ha TypcKH 3aeHKH b pa3-
rOBOpHHH CTHJI.  PeCTpHKUHH CimeCTByBaT CaMO B 0(J)HUHajIHO-fleiIOBHS
cTHJi h b HayHHaTa TepMHHOJiorHH, ho TOBa e ru.npoc ot ci.BceM apyr xapaKTep. Ocbch TOBa, npe3 1995 r. HapojiHOTo ci.6paHHe npne 3aK0H 3a 6-bJirapcKHa e3HK, perjiaMeHTHpam 30HHTe Ha ynoTpeôaTa iuy KaTo o<|)h-UHajieH e3HK Ha PenyôjMKa BtJirapna h (|)opMHTe na c3hkoboto oSyneHHe b yiHJíHtuaTa h By30BeTe. CnoMeHaTHTe pecTpHKUHH oôxsauiaT no cimna HaHHH h ynoTpeôaTa Ha bchhkh apyrw Hyac^HUH. Te He 3acaraT acHMH-JiHpaHHTe Bene 3aeMKH, kohto b onpeaeneHH cHTyauHH npnuaBaT e^hh 6e3cnöpeH cneuHtjiHieH KOJiopHT Ha 6iJirapcKHH tckct. 3a6ejiH3BaMe, ne b npecaTa ot nocneflHHTe flBe-TpH roaHHH ce cpemaT h TypcKH nocjioBHiiH, uiHpoKo H3BecTHH Ha cpe^HHa 6iJirapHH, ocoGeHO ot no-cTapoTo no-KOJieHHe: Bup ôujiwk — ôoKJiyn ('Mhoto ao6po ne e Ha ao6po'); Amanac zujidu — m THJiflH ('MHHe jih ATaHacoB aeH h 3iiMaTa ch OTHBa') h ap. HHTepecHO e, ne BTopaTa nocjioBHqa BKJiioHBa hhcto StJirapcKH ejieMeHT — npa3HHKa Ha cb. ATaHac (18 SHyapn no hob cth^, 31 jmyapH no CTap cthji). TóBa e HeaBycMHCJieHO aoKa3aTejicTBO, ne th e bt>3HHKH3Jia na 6i.Jirapcka noHBa h, cjieaoBaTejiHO, He e caMO npHHaaJieacHOCT Ha TypcKaTa
e3HK0Ba oßlHHOCT. TaKHBa HBJICHilfl HMa MHOTO H Te OÖXBamaT Bpi>3KHTe Ha
ÖTjJirapCKHH Ě3HK C M3H4HHHTÖ C3HLTH Ha BCHHKH eTHHieCKH m ä J] Li 11H ĽT B 3,
HaceusBaiuH EuirapH».
TyK, o6ane, TpsÖaa aa OTÖeneacHM cliho MHoro ciiMOTOMaTHiHo xBJie-HHe, CBi.p3aHO c nyÔJiHUHCTHHHHa CTHJi.KaTO noiyBCTBaxa CBOöo^aTa Ha cno-
BOTO H H3ÖOpa Ha H3pa3HHTe (pOpMH, 6fcHrapCKHTe IKypH3J1HCTH HaCTbpEseHO
ce erypHaxa ki>m ynoTpeßara Ha TypuH3MH h 3anoHHaxa necTO fla 3JioynoT-peöaßax c Tax. He MO)Ke aa He hh yny^ßa noßxopHara 33MÍIH3 Ha &bJirapcKH ayMK c TypcKHľ wimu BMecxo JieKapcmea\ komiuuu bm&cto c-bcedu; ósičom BM6CTO CmtKJIO, npO30petf\ KUpill BMeCTO nozjieotcöoM, huohuhom h MH.äp-PasnojiaraMe c m He h us, lOKaiaHH ot cxpaHHiHH H36jiiqa.axejiK — lyayie-CTpaHHH &bJirapncTH, KOHTO KOHCxaTHpaT, ne Hanocjie^tK e3HKT>T Ha 6tJirapc-KaTa npeca e CTaHaii TBipae arpecwBeH h ie xoßa ro/ixMa CTeneH e npe-üH3BHKaHO ot HHBa3HüTa Ha xypuH3mht©. 3a «.xfaneHHe, TOBa TBtpfleHHe ctfltpaca rojiaM npoueHT iicxiiHa, KaKTO h tojism npoueHT hcxhh3 ce CbAtpata b lb BCHHKH KOHCTaramui, cbiip'iaiiii c miBasiiíiTS Ha bhxjihhckh /ieKCHicafieH MaTepHaji naic b npecaxa h b e3Htca na flpyraxe cpe^cTBa 3a MacoBa ko-
MyHHKaUHS.
OĎpiicyBaHara KapTHHa na e3McoBHTe kohtskth He e ntima. He e pa3meflaH BtnpocbT 3a b 'i a h m o o t h o i i i ľ n n h t a Ha &bjirapCKns e3MK c HeMCKiui, ({ipeHCKH», rptHKHfl, pyiniHCKiix, cptôcKiia n jxp. TyK ca OTpaseHH caino
OHe3H MOMČHTH, KDHTO HH Ce CTpyBaT H3ÍÍ—CHMnXOMaXHHHH 3a H3CJie^BaHHa
nepHOfl h ao kohto mo»;e ,ua ce Chw 3a ctBp eMe h hoxo B3aHMOfleňcTBHe Ha 6i>JirapcKHJi e3HK c jipyrH e3HUH, a ctiiio xaica 3a bx>3 m o ;k 1 í o c 111 xe, npe^o-craBcuii na 6-biirapCKHTe rpa»maHH 3a H3noji3BaHeTo hm. IIo oTHonieHiie Ha n 3 n o Ji'i h a h e to Ha m exífly h ap oj\n HTe estiiTH bci.ihhoct HHKOra He e HMajio
HHK3KBH CTpOTH OXpaHHHeHHS, OCBeH HaH-o6lHOTO,       0<j)HLITiajlHHJIT e3HK B
íjl.nrapifs e 6i>jirap ckh ht. JlocTarbMHO e aa HanoMHHM 3a mhotoxo e3iiKOBH yjHUHiua y Hac, icbflexo ce npeno^aBauie h ce npenoaaBa Ha pycKH, aHrnwH-
CKH, (ppeHCKH, HeMCKH, HCnaHCKH H flp. e3Hli,H. Ho kojiko e CfcliieCTBeHa
npoMHHaxa b CHxyauHflxa no oxHoiueHHe Ha e3HUHxe Ha ManuiiHcxBaTa, Moate aa ce chjxu caMO ox e^HH-eflHHCXBeH <paicx. Cexa .neqaxa c ne-ötnrapcKO eTHHiecKO caMoct3HaHHe Moxax     H3y4aBax b yiHJiHme b ho ni> jih htcíi hh
laCOae MaffHHHHS CH e3HK (xypCKH, UHraHCKH, apMCHCKH, HBpHT, rpTíHKH h
ap.). Bene h Ma h cneqHajiHH yneÖHHHH 3a xa3H ueji. A npe^h 1989 r. tia onpeflejieHH nyÖJiHSHH Mecxa, wanpiiMep rapw, b paSoHHTe c TypcKO h poM-cko HaceneHHe Moacexa aa ce bhajit Ha^nncw K3T0 „FoBopeHeTo Ha lyayiii e3niiH 3a6paHeHO". JIcho öeiue, icaKBH nyayiM e3HUH Moace ^a 3Hae mccthoto HaceneHHe. Ho to npofliJUKaBame rOBOpii Ha thx h íia HapymaBa 3a6pa-HHTe He caMO ot noflSyaH, HSMepBaHH b paMKHTe Ha e3HKOBaxa My hoajihoct KJiH HenoaiiHOCT, ho h nopain 3Ha4HTejiHO no-npocTaTa npHHHHa, ne mhoto HeroBH npeACTaBHTejiH He Moacexa fla leTaT h Ht 3Haexa KaKBO toiho hm ce 3a6paHXBa.
C-bCTOHHHeTO Ha e3HKOBHTe hh KOHxaKTH mo»ce fla ce npw3Hae sa mo-MĽHTa Kaxo floöpe onHcaHo b uhhtbhcthhHaTa jíHTepaxypa caMO b Konnqec-TBeHo oTHOiueHHe, TuxHara KanecrBeHa onpe^eneHOCT b xeopeTHneH nnaa ne e flocxarbHHo ntnHO 0Tpa3eHa. He e Aocxaxb4Ho aoSpe ocMHc/iea teopeTHHHo
OHeBHUHHÍÍT 4>aKT, hč KOHXaKTtX c TypCKHS Ě3HK e npe^HMHO K0HT3KT He c
ko ,rj i s iJ)h hh pa h hu TypcKH e3HK Ha ctfipeMeHHa Typuna, a c oh3h ocTapaji h chjiho pcoyuRpaH, 3HannxejiHO noBJHMH ox 6-bJirapcKiia, BapnaHX na xypcKHa
e3HK, Ha KOHXO XOBOpH TypCKOTO eXHHieCKO MaJILIHHCTBO. B ctiuoxo BpeMe KOHXaKTHXe C pyCKH H aHľJIHHCKK Ca K0HT3KXH C O (j) HHH3JlHHXe KO J.I H   11 lil 1 p 3HH
esHHH na flBexe cxpanii h c aMepHKaHCtuts BapHaHX Ha bhtjihhckhh e3HK h cjieaBax riBxa Ha TexHHxe npoMcim b ecrecxBeHH ycjiOBHÄ. MHÓro hhhtbh-
CTHHHH BtnpOCH, CBfcp33HH C H3H-pa^H0Ha^H0X0 npaKXHHeCKO H3nOJI3B3He Ha
e3HKOBHxe K0HT3KXH, T.c c BiiiipocHxe, petJiJieKTHpamH b 30Haxa Ha nyamo-e3HKOBOTO o6yneHHe, a Tana ci.uio b mhofo eKCTpajiHHXB h cthh h h oSnacTH, Bce ome ocTaBaT otkphth H laKaT hobHj 6e3npncTpacTHO MOTHBHpaHH pemeHHa. Ox xe3H peineHita c TeopeTHHHa 3HaHiiMocT 3asHcaT h mhoto kohkpcthk npo-
»bh Ha KOflHljlHKaTOpCK3T3 fIp3KTHKa B BllirapHfl.