Table 1.3 Traditional list of Japanese sovereigns to ad 715 r Sovereign13 Traditional No. Adjusted No. NS Books pp-h Total Consort/ reign datesc years0 reign datese years' r. years Empress Kimi (King) Nihon Shoki Vol. 1 1 |inmu 660-585 bc = 15 III 109-37 = 28 Ahira-tsu-hime; Hime-tatara-l- suzu-hime 2 Suizei 581-549 = 32 IV 138-41 = 3 Isuzu-yori-bime 3 Annei 548-511 = 37 IV 141-2 = 2 Nuna-soko- naka-tsu-hime 4 Itoku 51 0-477 = 33 IV 142-3 = 2 Ama-toyo-tsu- hime 5 Köshö 475-393 = 82 IV 144-5 = 2 Yoso-tarashi- hime 6 Köan 392-291 = 101 IV 145-6 = 2 Oshi-bime 7 Körei 290-215 = 75 IV 146-7 = 2 Hoso-bime 8 Kögen 214-158 = 56 IV 147-8 = 2 Uchi-shiko-me 9 Kaika/Kaikwa 157-98 = 59 IV 148-9 = 2 lka-shiko-me Sujin (Mimaki) line of sovereigns comprising the 4th-century Miwa Court 10 Sujin 97-30 = 67 ad 219-249 = 30 V 150-64 = 14 Mimaki-hime 11 Suinin 29 bc-ad 70 = 59 249- 280 = 31 VI 165-87 = 22 Saho-hime 12 Keikö 71-130 = 59 280- 316 = 36 VII 188-214 = 26 Lady of Inabi 13 Seimu 131-190 = 59 316- ■343 = 27 VII 214-16 = 2 - 14 Chüai/Chiuai 191-200 = 9 343- 346 = 3 VIII 21 7-23 = 6 Oki-naga- tarashi-hime |ingo/Jingu* 201-269 = 68 - - IX 224-53 =31 - Ojin line of sovereigns comprising the 5th- ■century Kawachi Court: 15 Ojin 270-310 = 40 346- 395 = 49 X 254-71 = 17 Nakatsuhime 16 Nintoku 31 3-399 = 86 395- 427 = 32 XI 272-300 = 28 lwa-no-hime; Yata 17 Richü/Richiu 400-405 = 5 427-432 = 5 XII 301-10 = 9 18 Hanzei 406-411 = 5 433-438 = 5 XII 310-11 = 2 19 Ingyö/Ingio 412-453 = 41 438^53 = 15 XIII 312-27 = 15 Osaka no Oho-nakatsu hime 20 Ankö 454-456 = 2 XIII 328-32 = 4 Nakashi hime/ Nagata no Oho-lratsume Ökimi (G reat Ki ngs): 21 Yüryaku/Yuriaku 457-479 = 22 XIV 333-72 = 39 Kusaka no Hatahime/ Tachi-bana- hime 22 Seinei 480-484 = 4 XV 373-7 = 4 Wono 23 Kenzö 485-487 = 2 XV 377-93 = 16 Kasuga no Oho-iratsume 24 Ninken 488-498 = 10 XV 393-8 = 5 Kasuga no Iratsume 25 Buretsu/ 499-506 = 7 XVI 399-407 = 8 Muretsu Keitai line of sovereigns comprising the 6th-7th centuries Asuka Court Nihon Shoki Vol. 2 26 Keitai/Keidai 507-531 = 24 XVII 1-25 = 24 27 Ankan 534-535 = 1 XVIII 26-32 = 6 28 Senka/Senkwa 536-539 = 3 XVIII 33-5 = 2 29 Kimmei 540-571 = 31 XIX 36-89 = 53 30 Bidatsu 572-585 = 13 XX 90-105 = 15 31 Yömei 585-587 = 2 XXI 106-11 = 5 32 Sushun/Sujun 587-592 = 5 XXI 112-20 = 8 33 Suiko* 592-628 = 36 XXII 121-56 = 35 34 |omei 629-641 = 12 XXIII 157-70 = 13 35 Kögyoku* 642-645 = 3 XXIV 171-94 = 23 36 Kötoku 645-654 = 9 XXV 195-247 = 52 (Table 1.3 continued) Table 1.3 Continued #° Sovereign13 Traditional No. Adjusted No. NS Books PP-h Total Consort/ reign datesc years6 reign datese years' r. years Empress 37 Saimei 655-661 = 6 XXVI 248-73 = 25 38 Tenji/Tenchi 668-671 = 3 XXVII 274-300 = 26 39 Köbun 671-672 = 1 40 Temmu Tennö 673-686 = 13 XXVIII XXIX 301-20+ 321-81 = 80 41 litö* 690-697 = 7 XXX 382-423 = 41 Sovereig ns reigning in the Fujiwara Palace, built by Jito, from 696-710 (not included in the Ninon Shoki): Tennö 42 Mommu 697-707 = 10 43 Gemmei 707-71 5 = 8 * Indicate female sovereigns a Numbers accord with Nelson (1966: 1018-9); note that Jingu is not included in the historically recognized sovereign list b Names are first given in Hepburn romanization as they appear in Nelson (1966: 1018-9) and then after a forward slash if they appear differently in the translation of the Nihon Shoki (Aston 1972) c In accord with Nelson (1 966: 1018-9) and Kidder (1959: 209, 1 966: 209) d Calculated from the traditional reign dates e Presented in Kidder (1959: 209; 1966: 209). This adjusted chronology was developed by Umehara Sueji and Kobayashi Yukio in the 1 950s at the University of Kyoto, when J. Edward Kidder Jr, was in residence there. Kidder describes their methodology in constructing the chronology as 'sliding it up and down until they were satisfied with a fit' (personal communication, Jan. 2003); Kidder himself thinks Sujin's reign should have been kept a little earlier, but it appears to me they wished to align Sujin with Himiko's reign due to the earlier hypotheses concerning the congruence of Himiko and Yamato totohi-momose-hime no Mikoto ' Calculated from the adjusted reign dates 9 Nihon Shoki (NS) 'Books' as numbered in Roman numerals in Aston (1972). Note: 1) that several sovereigns might be discussed in one 'Book', while Tenmu was given two Books to describe his reign; 2) that #39 Kobun was not included in the Nihon Shoki chronicles; 3) that the translation is divided into Part 1 and Part 2 each of which begins with page number 1 h Page numbers in the Aston translation, including the number of total pages devoted to that sovereign ' The division of the protohistoric imperial line into three 'dynasties' associated with specific regions, giving rise to the appellations 'Miwa Court', 'Kawachi Court' and 'Asuka Court' (see Figure 1.4)