Vzhledem k tomu, ze oznacovani materialu v GHCPI a GHCPII se vsude
kryje, odkazujeme zde v GHCPI na paralelni skupiny exemplifikacnich vet
v GHCPII jiz jen zkratkou IIc. 5 uvedenim cisel prislusnych vet (oznaceni
paragrafu zde pripojujeme jen v tech pripadech, kdy exemplifikacni vety
k nekteremu gramatickemu tematu jsou vYjimecne umisteny v rUznych paragrafech)
.
Asi v sedesati osmi pripadech, kdy nektere pravidlo nebo poucka je
exemplifikovana vetami jen v GHCPI, odkaz na GHCPII prirozene chybi.
Nektere vety souboru GHCPI byly nedopatrenim na magnetofonovem pasku
vynechany. Jsou doplneny a nahrany v casti oznacene /zengb'i'J. bbfen/ (viz
GHCPII str. 42-44). Na tyto "dopliiky" na prislusnych mistech odkazujeme
znackou @.
1.we> xu:6-yI ~ ta xue-gong •..." •. 'wi •
,." "" ,-hAlz fang-xue. rem xia-~n. 4. ta"""za1..) i#fke l:'ue'-gong. .5.wOIll;:;l'\....,shi
6.tamen,j9hl g~ngren. timen zuo-g~ng•.•. '" /.xuesheng.
women xue-yi.
• •
..., "'- ~ - ~"P,.
women xue~y!xue, tamen~xue w~nxU$'
~ y; ~ /
)2,4 Ekviva1enty ceskeho "byt"I e
e,l
cl
YD 2
jyoui (n~kde)bfti ~xtstoVgt
Iza1t bit. naehazet 88 (nekde)
ISt111 byt (n~kdo. neeo, n~.l_5')
loaf zher you shu. b/shu ze.lzher. c/Zh~~Shi shu.
"'"' . '-'.. .••.•• - •• (3)",- .- /" ..-: - •.•
2.a/zher you z~xlngche. nar you motuoch~~ aa zher you motuoche~ nar~'-' ~. •......
..,.,you z\xingche. b!zlxlngche zai.•...zh~r, m6tuoche zal•...~r. clzhe.."shi
z)xlngche. ne shl motuoehe.. ~.
I
.... ....- ...,. ....-
3.9. zher .....you yuy!, ner y~Jou yuylo
c/zhe shl yuyl. ~ ye' shi yuyIo'-' • """ e""
4.a/zher you ch6~n~ ner you fanwan.••••• ..., &>
,. /'" '- '-chann. b ehawan zal zher. fanwa.n. •... .
/
.•.•. '", "'"
aa zher•...you fan\ian, nar~you
za1 naro c/zhe ~hl chawan,""'" • ,..;- Co
f'8.nwan •
•
5.a/ZhervYOU c'hf. ~r Y~Jou eM.
~ ,.
na y~ •....shi oha.
§2,4 1.pokrac. Sloveso /y'6u/va vyznamu m!t YD :3
l.lao~h~YoU kebenr, xue'shengy(70U k~benr. Z. xuesheng YOU",b~nz,
v -!'" ~..., / '" Yo'" v 4 v
laoshl ye you benz. 3.women shl xuesheng, women you kebenr. .wo~.v ...,. v.
-you y~y!, ta yf~you yuyI. 5. 1aoshl you",zlxlngche,xuesheng yfvYOU
•• - 6 - \ -" v ~ - r 3
z~xlngche. .gongrenvl0u q che. nongmln y~vyou q~che. 7. wo~en~you
~obY, (nebol women you m£obY,) nlken you gangbr, ta~en you qlanbr.. •.•... . """",. .....,.
8. rxuesheng you mB."obr,(nebol xuesheng you ma'obr,)ytyou oianb1."'"'" • .......• ""'" J..
(ex.c.7, pfizvukovani slov /m£ob1/, /gangbr/ mimo kontrastni srovnani:
/zhe'fshl ma'ob'l'./a stejne takt!zhe'tshl gangbl'./).......• ....".
Pozn. Neprfzvucne sloveso /yQu/ v zac'tecn!oh vetach v ex.c.7-8 v rychlejsfm
tempu spise pod1eha enkIitlzacl, v po~lejsfm tempu vytvirl
takt splse s nis1edujlc{m slovem. V da1s!m na podobn~ kolfsanf v en-
~
klltlzacl v prepisu upozornujeme uz jen sporadicky.
YD 4
~2,4 2.pokrac. DaIs! pr!klady vet se slovesem /sh}/ byt (ldentlflkace)
_ " r",v" •......'" I'
I.ta~shi xu~sheng wovY~vshl xuesheng. (nebol w~~ye~shl xuesheng.)
" " 1 - J,/ - 3
2.ta b,:~shlxuesheng, ta shl g~ngren. .3.womenb':shl gongren, women .
" ••• y r / - ,/ -shl
n~ngmln. 4.zhe shl y~z, b~-phl zhuoz. (nebol bu shl zhu~z.)
5.zhe'tshlfeljL na ye shl felj1. 6.zhe bU shl gangb~ zhelt
shl IMoM.'"'" •....... .....". "-".
'- y •• /V ••• - - .It ,/ 61
7.na~shl shu;, zhe~shl p~jl~. 8.zhe~shl ylsh~r, na~shl y~shuar.
9.na bU shl shujl~r, n~rshl shugul. lO.zhe~shl hUQche, b{ shl q)che •• ...., '-"'....; e,-,
H.na bU shl huoche,ye bu shl qlche, nE1; shl dlanche. 12.ta bU'shl•......., v. "". '""'"
, v " ,/ - .-' Yo 4
halz, wo Y~ buvshi haiz. IJ.zhe b~ shl zhuoz, ye bu shi y~z, zhe~shi
chwfng. (pozn. k ex. 0.7-9,111 delkt. zajm./na/ hovorove v8ude vys1ovujeme
/n~/)
9),2 (IIt. 6-8) PouZ'itl slovesa
byt, eXistovat, je-1l osoba nebo
znama
mfsto slovesa Qui ve vYzn.(nekde)
se nekde vyskytuje, urclta,
YD 5
l.lrtou shi laosh1, waitou shl xu{sheng. (nebol lrtou shl 1aoshI,...." . ••..... . '"'" ." ./)" -.... y
waitou shi xuesheng. 2.nel blanr shl shan, zhei blanr shi shu~."""'"• .v ot./ • • •••..... """" •
....., "" "'-~ ~ "].zuobianr shl shu, youblanr.shl caod~. (nebol zuoblanr shl shu,. ""'" .. •...•.. . . -'.
Y~Ublanr shl c~odl.)
. "'.
§3,) pokrac. :Pt!slovce (dou/· (lIe.,~ 3,3 e~ 4-13)
1. tamen,.,shi / 3 '" - "hxuesheng, women ye dOli shi xues eng •.~ ...,
xue'sheng.
•
2 ~tamen dou...,..
gongren, nrmen 1~u~shl gangrene
...,
J.nl~shl 8~ngren, tamen
4.tamen bU do~.shi nongmln.
0'" /
v',-, " 3xuesheng.wo~Y~vshl
xuesheng, women d~uv
y~ shl
."5.ta~shl xuesheng.
....shixu{sheng.
§J,4 Vety ta'ze.c!
ala tazac!m slovem
b/tvoi'ene v~tnou tazae! castle! 1lJl8 /
e/tvoren~ pomocl opakovanl slovesa. podruhe se zaporkou /bu(nepr!zv~)
(
- " ., -",. i ,- "
a 1.Altamel~shl sh~l? B:tamen,",shlg~ngren, tamen zuo-g~ng. A:sh~i
.... - l - ... @ / 2
zuo-gong.. Bigongren zuo-gong. 2.Alnrmen shi shei? Blwomen shl. .....,
,. 3 /xu~sheng,
women....,xuezh~ngwen. Alshei xue zhongwen? Blwomen xue.....,. . .....,.
zhongwen. J.Altamen shi sh{i? Blta~en ~hi n6ngmin, ta~en zhong-dl.~. ......r 0 •
" It" '1 lJ.' /. 1 J 3
AISh~l zhong-di? B:n~ngmln Zhong-d. ,.AISh~l xfnuan ....pl? BIIWO .•.bu .....
"/. 1 - 1I /.
vzhldao. B2lshel zhldao. B)ltamen dou xYhuan wo. 5.A:shei you• • "'" ...., II "-" • """
gangbr? 3:wo.v~ou gangbi. 6.Alni xrhuan sh{l? BIWO xthuan nr. ?Alv '-"'. ..., "'-" •
,,/. '- - 8 - ",. - ,nl~ma
sh~l? Blwo~ma t~. .Alg~ngren zuovshenme? ,Bigongren zuo~g~ng.
" " " ,~ " ,.-9.Aln2ngmln zuo....,shenme?Blnongmin zhong-d;. lO.A:xu~sheng zuo,",shenme?
",. ..• -(,.,. """Blxuesheng nian-shu. xuesheng xuexi.) 11.Alxuesheng xue shenma?•• v •
/ ,,- "", 3,.", •...
B:xuesheng xue zhongwen. 12.Alni yao shenme? BIWO yao yu, bu yao rou.'" . ...............". .•........
.•• ,/ 4""'- 4 - ,." .,
lJ.A,zhe shl shenma? Blzhe shl yuyL 1 .Alta vou shenme? B,te. you
""'. '-".. ""', tIrv'
,,- V " ., "'"" 1 ",- ...q~che,
ye you z1xlngche. 15.A:ta zai nar? Blta zai Beijing. bu zai.....,;. '-'" (# ......." • ~'-'"
Sh~nghal. 16.Alt~ zal ~r? Blt~ zai Bulag{, b6 zai BUQernuo. 17.""'. 'V lIP 8v
- V - ...." ., Altame~,zal
na.r? (nebo:tamen zai nar?) B3 tamen zal jlall.- •..... . ~.
b/l.Alnl xI'huan wo) ma? BlxYhuan, '(10 x'thuanw_ __ ""'" ~ v •
, ,(J; -,
yma? Blbu, ta bu xfhuan chi rou, xrhuan Chi yu./...~ V ......"
BIY'O'U,wO",you. 4.AI zhe" shl b'9.ozhYma? BIShl. zhe shl... "- .....".... •........ .
x!r.uan h8"lz IDa? B,wd bu Zhld'ao.6.Aana't shi shugu) me.? B:bu. na bu• ~ """"'"'-"". V _",f • ""'. __
2.A!ta xY~uan chi rou~
'" '" .•:1' v -
3.Alnl~you yuy~~ma?
i
5.Altam~n
-..-sh1shugul, na"Sh1 shuj1~r. ?AIZhe'f sh1 plj1U' roo? Blb~, zhe btf sh1""""" • ""'" • -- • .tf....I
r It' . it /;'
p!j1u, zhe sh1 huangj1u. (sh1 huAngjiu.) 8.Alna sh1 y:mhang ma?v. """". '-"'.v
BISh}, na•.•shl y!nha'ng. 9.Alzhe~Shi q)ch~ ma? BIO,\;, zhe h~yh1 q\che,
/'... It- -" " , - oJ,
sh1 motuoche. lO.Alzhe sh1 y1gUl ma? Blbu,zhe bu shi yigul, ye buv~ • '-""' •....."..""" v
shl sh;;-"'u'l, shi wangul. 11.Alt~men dou shi gongren m9.? Blb~ dou.,~ ";C '" •. ....•. •....•. • ....- ~
vshi gangrene (taken b~ dou sh1 gangren.) 12.Aln~men y¥ xue zhongwe~,.~ ~ ~~-'" r...., - @ 3 oJ - ®
•.•ma? BIShl, y~~xue zhongwen. (womeny~ue zhongwen.)
1" -.... v c/l.Altamen
z~1 bu...,za1 j1a? Blz~i. 2.Aln1 x~huan•.•bu•..xl'huan ta? B11
xYhuan. B21bu x~uan. J.Aln1 1~1 bu la1? BI bU la1. (wo b~ 1a1.)
.."'" . '-" "-" ."""" ....,
L~.Alta q~ bu qu? Blta y{dlng quo (nebolta Ylding qti..) 5.Alnlmen.""'" ....." . .•.•..... . ....,;'
XU{ b~xue zhongwe'n? BIXU{: wJmen d~u..,xue zhongw{n. 6.Alta sh1 bU....,l
~sh1 xu~sheng? BISh'l, ta shl xu{sheng. ?Alzhe shl bu shl yIshuar?.""'" 6'-" .
B:bu•.•shi. zhe bu shi yishuer. 8.A:ta shl bu shi Be'iJ'!n;:noen?B:b'( ahi •...~ .~ ~ • - r~ 7
te1
shi Sh~ghairen. 9.A:nr sh\ bu.~hi Bhlag~ren? B:bu shi,wo1shi'V'. ,"'" _ 'f • ...., v
Pozna'mka k odd!1 u 0/, ex .1-6: Bu'ernu~ren.
hovorov~ reei se vyskytuj! i var1anty uveden~v z£vorkichl
z~lvbu •..zal jla? (ta1nen Z~1,)1a .•...bu.••.z~1? r timen Z~1""j1a bu?)
2a, n1 xYhuan bu x'rhuan ta? (n1 x'rhuan ta.,bh xl'huen? rn1 xlhuan ta bu?)• """........ • v-v •.....• .....,......,
;' , " ." "")
3a. n1 1~1•..bu la1?· (n1 1~.1vbu?) 4a. ta q'l):>U qu? (ta q't.••..bu? 5q.
3" _ /' 3;, ",.
nimen xu~..,bu•..xue zhongwen? (n1men xu; •.•zhongwen•....bu xue?) 6a. tiii sh\ .
",bu shl xu{sheng? (ta shl xu{shena bU"sh1? r ta shl xu/sheng bu?)
"""" .v "'""'"''""' .v.."",
Ve ve1mi
of
c/l a.ta men
Aktual1zace fonet1ckYml prostredky
l.AIsh61 bu xhluan chlrbu? Blta. (ta bu x1
3
huan chi rt-a. "'" ...." .. '-" -.,/ .." ) \.0<_ "" Yo
",oh1",rou. 2.Alta x~nu.e.nbu xlhuan chi rou? Blbu •. xlhuan.
. """"" ""'" .~
y r" . "
"xlhuan. ta bu xlhuan chi rou.) J.AI ta xl'huah chi YU ma?
'v v "'" .•....._""""
(ta~xrhuan, rta x!huan ChivYU') ta b~.••.x~uan ohi r~u. 4. ta
.•.. ( " " "......ch1 rou. nebol ta bu x1huan chi rou.) 5.AI zhe shl sh{nme?••........ •....•.. """ . """. .
/v '''V ~ .... ~ .....
chawa~,ma? Blzhe bu shl chawan. zhe shl fanl~n. 6.Aleryue• ~ •...... ......• you .
bu.•...x'rhuan •......
(t9. b~...,
r
:Sl xthuan,
•
"b~...,xrhuanv'
zhe
lf
shi.•....
yuesh!. BI~ryue you rlsh1, sh1yue you YU~Bhl. 7.Alta x'r'huanw~.• ""'.. ~ •......• -...I
" 'y r. y v v
Blbu, ta""b;t••..xl.huan"p1, ta••..xl.huan•....w~. ( Xrhua~W<l)
•.• - v 3 •• ...,. v 9
8.A: wO"",zh!deo,te»u ....x1huen......•o. B: b1], te.;x~huen...•n1. .A:
wo zhideo nt.en dou bu xlhuen wo! B: bU, wt xrhue~,nr..-'. t e""""''''"'' "'" • ~
••. 1'./ ,/ // - ,/ ...,
IO.Alzhe sh1 Yl.nhang. Blzhe bu sh1 Y1nhang. sh1 tushuguan. II.Alzhe""'" • ev '-'.
bU'sh1 m6'tuache, shl z)xlngohe. Blb'U.,zhe shl motuoohe1• 12.Alzhe"".v "t"J • """"" •
/ - At ••• - ••• 1
Jsh1 motuoohe, na~shl z~xlngohe. B1bV, zhe~~u,-"shlmotuoohe. 1).AI
It / / '" ,/ /,/ " "
zhe shl zh1wuyuan ma? Blbu, zhe bu sh1 zh1wuyuan, sh1 dong1ruyuan.""" • V' • \,," .v •
••• /,/ ••• '" f." 3
14.Atzhe sh1 zhl.wuyuan me? B,bu, na shl zhl.wuyuan. 15 ••,n~,qu'-'" ......,.'-'" /-"'"
" ,/ "v .tushuguan me? Blbu, wo bu qu tushuguan, qu dlanyrngryuan. 16.AI.~ .~ ~ .
f- 1 v , ...". ••.. @... 1
elj chang za1.•...zh~r...,ma?Blbu, b1f~al•...zher, za1•...nar. 17.Alhout18.J"
shi...•xfngqis)• Blbu, b';...,Sh1xlngq1s1, sh1.....xlngq1s'in•
ednoduche'
slovky pou
I
V matemat1ckych
YD 9
Prfklady na s~!tan!
I.Al~r....)1av~r shl,..)t? 131 shl....s1. (er,",~1a....~r shl•...i\.) '2,.AIy1•...J1a'-"yl
shl jl? Bishi ere (y1 j1a yl shl er.) J.A,ershl j1a ershf rshl"'- • •.•...• v"""'e -..../ • 'wi
vdu~shao? (Shi~jrsh(?) 3lersh( jia"",ersh1shl....s)shl. 4.Alershlw¥ j18,-"
vershl",,~lsh}bU Shl wUsh1? Blsh). (Sh)•....wUShl.) 5.AlwUshlwU' jla,",s~nJ
V' -I 2 ...,. v / V - ,/ v _ v
_shl~~msh1q~ haish1•...wushljiV? Blbu....shi wushlq~, ye....bu....shi wushlJl~.
shl wUsh1bQ. 6.AlwUsh( jla sanlsh1 dUQshao? BIshi wUsh1san. (wUsh1
"". """" """"'. '-'.
Prlklady na od~!t'n{
7.AlwUsh( j1~n san shi duoshao? Bishi slshlqI. (wshl ji~n san shl.....¥ • 'ttt.t/ ~. ......"
""slsh1qI.) 8.AI~rsh1wU j1a'nwt! I sh'l'bushlershl? BIsl,l. (81-1\ ~r8h(.)
• • ""'" • e'-" -' •• ....,
r'v\ V - ••••• v, -)9.AI~~ jlan er shl j~? BlSh1 san. (wu j1an er shi san. IO.AIve "'. ....". ttJ v • ......,.
shljiu jla'nwlsh1 sh{jY? B'lsh1shi's'l.(sh(j1u j1tn t.ru'lshlsh{s).)
. "",. """'. "". ......". " .
§6 Merova slova v cfn~tln~ jsou slova, Jez se poj! hezprostredn~
s cfslovkam1, je£ j1m predehazej!. D~11 se na merov~ jmena (slove
typu /t1an/ den, /y~/ noe, /n1an/ rok atd.), merove Jednotky, numera-
tlvy a slovesne numerativy. Krome s c!slovkamise m~rova slova
bezprostredne spojuj! jeste s nelktlckyml slovy ( merova jmena a
slovesn~numeratlvy ve spojen! s delkt1ckyml slovy mohou vyt~ret
samostatne vetne clenYl ur~en! m!sta a ur~en{ ~asu.)
Merova slova se mlmo spojen! s ~!slovkaml a delktlckyml slovy
nevyskytuj£. Plat! to 1 opacn~, ale jen,pro ~{slovkYJ ~e1ktlcki slova
se mohou pojlt pr!~o 1 s pOdstatnfmi jmeny, 1 kny~ 1 zde je obvyklejs!
prlpojen{ merove jednotky nebo nuoeratlvu a pe.kteprve podstatneho
jmena.
" .., - /' ""'1 v' """l.nar you san zhang zhuoz, hal you shl'er ba y z. 2.wo you l1u t1ao~v """ ...."....." v v."",
"",- (j)~- "" v ", (
~yu, wo san tlao, nl.san tlao. 3.zher..•.you llang zuo•...lou, y zuo sh1.,...., •...... • v e......,-
{
", l' 'v" 4'" ", "-,,...,ynhang, y1. zuo shl d1any1.ngryuan. .W'll we1 pengyou xue zhongwen.. ........" '-'" . ...."""" ......"
5.ta you y{ l1ang m6tuoche. n'1'yt VOlly! ,lang m6'tuoche, ~••t vou~ ~. .~ ~ ~ ~
sa~_llang z\xlngche. 6.~tyou y{ 11ang z\xlngche, ta vou y{ l1ang_. "" v""""""
/' -" " ..• _ v .... " -motuoche, ye you y1.l1ang q1.che. 7.wo you yl ba yashuar, ta....you• '" v • v V •
tI" v/",",_
yl •....ba..,jl~nz, hai,....Y0uy1 .....'ba ;j;oz.
~6,3 ObecnY numeratlv /ge/ u po~st. jmen, OZnBCUj!c{ch
a/II~.1-2: predmet
b/II~.J-41 abstraktn! pojem
c/II~.5-6: osobu
a/I.w'6men vou san ge gU1Z, y{ ge sh1 shugU1, 11a'ng ae shl yTgu~~ • '"'" '-" '""'....,. '.....r-' ......•. •
0/1.t.a you y(.ge {rz, y!'ge n~'er. '2.11¥ng...,ge••.~aot6ur zal zh~r, s~n•....
"" .•.__ee laotour zal",n~r.
~6,J pokrac. ~adove c!slovk~ (V o!nstlne podle sVYCh gramat1ckych
vlastnosd to jsou delktlcka slo~rEl)(IIQ2,)c.1-4) ID 12
l.wt you ~ benr Shu, rd1y1 benr sh1 zhongwen kebenr, d\'~r ben~~ .'""'" .............". ""'""" - """'"
v - •.. / v v - '- .., 'lo ye
sh1 zhongwen kebenr, (tou 11ang benr shl zhongwen kebenr,) ~Ls~n•....... v • """'....." .......• '" • .....,
.....benr shl ZhOng1ien z1.d18.'n,dls\ benr, dlW1(benr,ye dou sh1 Z\d1aU!
v "". • '-' .'"-' •""' """""
-~" "'", 1 -" , ,,'" "~women you l1ang ge erz, d y1 ge erz za1 bu'ernuo, dl'er ge za1 zher.- -.../ "" . ...., ""'" ..., . ..., "'.
~6.4 C{slovka lyl/ s numeratlvem ID 1)
a/IIc.1-21 podstatne jmeno bez c{slovky
b/II~.3-4t nepr!zvucna c!slovka /yll s (m4lo pr!zvucnfm) numerat.1vem
ve funkc1 neur~iteho clenu, cfslovka ly11 se muze 1 vynechat
(v torntopffpade se neprizvucny numeratlv prlklan{, tj. velml tesne
spojuje s predchazej!c!m slovem (zpr. slovesem)
0/110.5-61 zduraznena e{sl. /yi/ s numeratlvem
"" "./" £t - a/l.Alzhe
shl dengz ma? Blbu, zhe bu shi dengz, zhe shl 7.huoz. 2.ta~••... • _ • "" 'V" ~ v- •
" -./ , "r ;' - .... )-vyou z~xlngche, ye~you motuoche, n •.....you shenme~che? BIWO~YOU q.che.
fZ:)..,'''' '3 ~b).Aln!
shl xuesheng ma? Blbu, wo shi la-oshl."'" ....." •......... .
b/l.w5~you Y{__l1en~z\Xlngche, yt~yOU y(l1ang m<{tuoche~ (t>r(you....•l1anglt
\ - v' It./ )" - vz~xlngche, ye~you~llang m~tuoche. 2.zhervyou yl...,zhangzhu~z, ye~you
vi " - - v •...v r, r"
y1...;oovY'!'z.(zher•...Y0u...zhangzhugz, yevyou~ba,.;y~z.) 3. zhe~shl~y~...,ge
./" ;'". - - , r.'
zhuo.z,(zhe shi ge zhuoz,) bu shl zhuoz, zhuoz za1 nar. var. zhe shl___ V' • """ • v....... • '-" .
;' " '1" / - _ ,
~yi zhl zhuoz, (zhe shi zhi zhuoz,) bu sh1 zhUQZ, zhuoz zai nar....... . ",""...., . .......• -- .@, v' ".,. •.• v r J V'v '\
c/I.zher zhl...,YOUY1voo."y!z,nar y; zh you..,Yiba. 2.NO"'ZhlyaO Y~-..I
- ./ v vzhl
gangbr, OU vao 11ang zhl •• v" ...,
tento, Inei/ onen, temten (tez
YD 14
a/ITc.l-? I ~ nu...,eratlvy
b/IIc.3-41 8 neurcltou merovou jednotkou /xiel
c/1I5.5-61 s nas1eduj!c! c!sl., ku ktere je prlpojeno merove SIOVO
/
"" r ... "./ ('.... ./
a 1.zhei",gevrenshi zh~ngguoren, n~l'Vge'-"renbll~shl. nei~ge~ren b::~
- 2.) , ./ /. , ". v
vshl...,zhongguoren. 2.Alnel'Vge...,rensh1~sh~1? BI nei~ge'Vreny~'Vshi~
..• / ,...."". -,.... :
vzhongguoren. 3.ne1~ge~ren shl"jlekeren~ b~~shl s11ofakeren.
" " ". , ,.... - / - ~
b/1.Alzhe~x1e~ren shi~sh~l? Blzhe~x1e~ren dou~shl n~ngmint tamen dou~
'" '- / v./ 'f- '" /
vzhong-d;. 2.A anelvx1e~ren y;.....sh1 nongm1n'VUJa? Banei",xle-..-renb,:~shl-,
/ { •.. / /" - -",nongm n, nei x1e ren sh1 xuesheng. tamen dOllxue zhongwen•.'-""........ ~. """".
® .... - ". ./ ..... '-' /1 v ./
c/I.zhe san ge ren shl xuesheng, ne~,wu•.$~.ren ye shi xuesheng,"""""............... "-""" . - - - .""""
- '-' - -tamen y~~dou~xue Zhongwen.
a/lIc.1-2Ideiktick~
b/IIIS.3-6 Ic.elkt1ckA:
tamta, tamto
Pozna Roz11sen! ve vyslovnost1 /zh~/,/n~/ a IZh~l/,/nei/ podle gramat.
funkce se p:Hsne nedodrzuje. (Vyslovnost /zhe1/,/neil ~/ne/ je hovorova)
z~ mena /zh~/,/na/ a delktick~ (ukazovac{)
oboj!ho lna/./ne1/ hovorove casto /ue/)
, / 'I / 'I YD 15zajmena zhe toto, to ; na tamtotto
slova IZheil tento, tato, toto; fneil tamten,
a/l.Alzh~ b{ shi qlanbr. rZh~ shi gangbY. (shi gangbY.) qianb1 zai..v v. v • 'w/
" .... ,/ -, "
vnar? Blzei nar. 2.Alzhe sh1 she.nme.sr.!ylgu1 ma? Blzh~fth~,ge
· ~. ~ ~ ~ - shugu\.
n'ash1 yIgul.
. .'-'.... .... .... -1 ;" , @
b/I.Aln"ry~o......buyao zhei~...liangz1xingche. 31\'10 b~....yao zhe,,)ie.ng.
" , y,.!""-;"
wo vao nei liang. ~.Alni xlhuan bu x1huan zhe zUQ,lou? BIWOv
...."., .'-'" '-". "-" '-" """''-o'b'Ux'rhuanzh"eiZU~
wo x'1'huann"eizui? 3~A.1zhh xle xue'sheng11ou-,.\,../ '-"......... • ~ '"'" v •
,- .... ", 'y "
~xrhuan ne1 wei xiansheng me? Blzhei xie xuesheng bu xlhuanta. nei~........ _ -.....I' _""-" ""-" ....... -J •
Y '-" '" .... ,,,,,
~xle xlhuan. 4.wo bu van zhel ge,wo yeo np.1get• ......r ........ ""'" • "-"
Rozd{ly V pouz{vAn! slov /zhongguohu~/
YD 16
/zhongwen1
- - / - - " ....., /' - ",
l.te shi Zhongguoren. ta shuo zhonggohua. 2.t~omenbu shi zhongguoren.""'. '-'. ......."
"'" /..1' 3 ,/ - " 3 ".,/ 1
women shl jiekeren. women xue zhongwenJ vwmen ha1 bu hui shuov. """ ."", -- '-"'"
.... ..@, ,/, "" - /.. "zhongguohua.
J.zhel we1 tongzh1 sh1 j1ekeren, ta shuo jiekehuql~ ~ • v.
, ,/ \1.... ", 1 ~ ne1
we1 tongzh bu sh1 j1ekeren, ta sh1 zhongguoren, ta shuo
·"""""......" .'--' """. ""
-" '" \.1 v - ,/ ......
zhongguohua. disan.,we1 tongzh1 ye sh1 zhongguoren. ta ye shuo
. - ."'" """ - .........
- ,zhongguohua.
Postaven{ pffstavku
a/II~ol-llltesny pf!stavek v posteven! za vlastnfm jrnenem
b/II~.12-13, 12a-l)alrozvinuty prfstavek v po~taven1 za 1 pred
vlastnfm jrnenem. a/l.Zhangvlaoshl
shl......zh~ngguoren, W~ng~l~oSh1 Y~~sh1'""'zhongguoren.
/ Itl.... _ _ ~.... / _
2.Novak tongzh1 bu sh1 zhongguoren. Sh1 jlekeren. ta xue zhongwen.
"'""."'" .....", . ""'" .- \ ~- '/"" ,/
).2hou tongzhl shi Be1jingren. bu sh1 Shan~halren. 4.Wang xlans~eng• .....,/ ....,;. ...., '-" ,-,;;;.J
,,/. /. - "" - (i) I
xlanzai bu za1 Jiekesl1uofake, zai Zhonggu~ 5.Nov~k x1ansheng sh1e'-' __ ........ • • '-' - """"
/. - , ....
~j1~keren. ta~zal bU'ernu~.
/
@r v ,/ I" v'/ :\ "'" / ...
b I. xiao Wang women d hao pengyou (women d hao pengyou xiao
'"" • ""'" ~ """" \‫סס‬oo" .......
",Wang) 'ye zal zh~r. 2. rXiRO Jln Iw6men pengyou d xl~o erz {w6men.,• e,-", 1IwI '-'" • "'"" '-'" """ _
"",pe'ngyoud x1~o {rz xlk'oJIn) 1s111ge hao ha'lz. 3. r Zhou a{n'tol03
men"",'-" '"""" '"" . \,/ ......... , . '-" ./, - v - 3 /, - v - - /
,-"xuexlao1 zhongwp-nlaoshl (women xuexlao d zhongwen 1eosh1 Zhou Ren)'-'" """ ....,. v . '-'" v •
., /..2. - 2.
bU~sh1 jlekeren, sh1 zhongguoren •. ~ .
§9,2 Osobn! z~jmena v postaven1 pr!vlastku YO 18
a/II!. 1-5: s pf!ponou /dl
b/IIl. 6-12: prfpona /d/ je fakultatlvn1, jestl! jeste nasleduje
1 aelktlck~ ur~en!
c/ 2pravldla bez pr!pony /d/, jestl1~e blize ur~ovan~ podst. jm~no ozna~uje
prfbuzenskf stav nebo jde 0 n~ktera jlna podst. jmena (nepr.
/p~ngyou/ pr!te1)
a/l.A. zhe~shl ta d vanjlngr, b~ shl wo d WQ d yanj'lngr zal ner? Bev •...... J .-...,/ """t .""'........ "-"
v ' "Ji) j " r " ..,,.wo..•bu~zhld~o. z-;women"d.....niu zh ..,.YouershlW\l....tou ~ t~men•.•d
you san bal t6U. women d~ you san bal pI, ta1nenye'vou san bal pi".v • --- '-'" -., v. '"" "'" .~....." ••.......
3 - ,,3,. - ...- "3
3.A~wo d qlanbl zal zher, wo d maobl gangbl zal nar? Be zal ner. (nl d'"" ....." ....,;....... ••..•... . ~ "-' . """
,. - I ...' ~ " " / '-' / ./
maobl gangai zal ner.)4.A: nlmen zher d dongwuyuan zal ner, zhlwuyuan••••••.0 """" """ "'" • •
......" " ,/ " / ./". " "
zal~nar? B: dong~~yuan zal.....zh~r, zh1wuyuan b~~al •..zher, zal~n~r.
b/l.A: rn'r'•..d nei~Zhl.....g~ngbr (nl.....n'ei..,Zhl gingb'r) z~i",n~r? B: Zh~r. (zal.....zh~r.)
2.'tamen d net"suo xu~xlao (tamen nei su~ xue'xlao)Izal BU'ernuo,women d I'"'" ••...•.v· __ ~ • - ........,
zal•....Btilage. 3. w(.x!'huan1rtamen",o.nel.....san..,ge..)l€lZ.(tamen nel"""se:n~e,,,
" r:, ",,, ", 1 '" ;' I .., - ", "
~lz.) 4. ta..,dd~'¥tt~verz (ta.....dl'er ge erz) zal.....Belj!ng, b~__zal~Shangha10
5 .A. zh~..,l1angq'lche Ishl.."womend dlyf.....Uang. qlche. nrmen"""dn~l.....
"Iv 3 - .'!l - " ••••
vllang y~.....shl n1men..,ddlyi.....liang"""q:Lche,...}oo? BI hlf..flhi,zhe"""y~jlngshiv'
vw~men d disan liang 1e.(var. Vsechny gram. prfpony /d/ lze tez vynechat:....." ~,-.......,. '-'
zh~ liang ~lCh~lshi women dlyl liang qlche. n,Ymennel..l1ang lye."""shl~•.•..... ............- vn13men
dlyl•....l1ang.....qjche.....ma? B: b'i'""Shi,zhe,.irjing shi~women 1.1slin....11~ng-./
vIe. )
" I - t1 /' ", I - ./ ,
c/l. wo....ba.wO....IDa d<?u""Xhuan halz.2. wo,-"pengyoujlntlan b~""zal""zher,ta",
_.r'Il(ngtlan1al.. •..
§9,J podstatnA jm~na, jm~na mista a jmJna 5asu jako pr!vlastek
YD 19
a/II C. 1-21 podst. jmeno v pr'{vlastku
b/podstatne jmeno v pr!v1astku sarnobl!ze urceno osobn!m z8:jmenem
c/jmena m!sta a casu v pr!v1astku
d/II~. 3-6: bl!ze urcovany clen vynech&n
/
- - - - ./ r- -", 1
a 1. tamen dou....shl Zh~ng~laoshl'-'dxuesheng, d~u~ue zhongwen.(tamen
- -") ,,- "1" -"."d~u~xue zhongwen. 2. zh~""welxiansheng~d"""xuesheng xue.....zhongwen,n~l•..wel
- / I'" '" ;' -- "xlansheng
d xuesheng xue jlekewen. 3. xuesheng d shu dnu zal.,zher,"-"""",,, '""" . """",--......, - .
s.aoshl.~_dpu ,za1:,Zher. (la'oshld shu bU'O79.izhe" 4. zhe shi Zh?u"",taita.i.d_ _ _ •..••••. •.•.•. ,.".r- -....; ......" •.....
q\cne Zhou xiansheng d qlche I ye zal"zh~r. 5.zhejle dou shi I Zhou., •......... v·...... """". "-'"
"vXiansheng d haiz.'0./
.•. _ 3 v -" - "" •••• r
b/l.zhe x~e dou shl women laoshi d z~dian.2.ta d halz zal zher, ta~....",,-- '""" """'. "'""'" "-"'"'-' v
'" "., "" " )1 'V ••• J - ""...pengyou d hAlz (ta d peng;}roud halz ye zai zher. • tamen.,xuexiao"",d. '"" """......, .'" ""'" ""
I - -,.
xuesheng dou xue zhongwen.
c/l.zh~r d x:e-:hene;I dou xue ZhOngWe~ 2.l):'toud w~.itoud y'rzI d011 shiv .v •.......• v ."""
3 - "! _v 2. i ••..•- I (
¥omen jla d. J.Alta shi nur d ren? Blta..shi Beiji.~gren. ~.m_n~tian"d~'"-'...." .........• ....,. ••.... ""hul
bU kil. houtian d ly¥ bu kat.'-" . """.'-"".....,
d/l.Alzhe:zhi~gangbr shivn~.....d~ma? Blb~.....Shi. bV.....Shi wo.....d. shi.....wo""'p{ngyou~.
2.zhe~zhang zhuoz. zhe sl ~ yrz1bU' shiwomen d. ~~men d dou zai 1~itou."-" ""'" ....., '" e""'" v....., """" "'" "'.
J.zhe 1i1 feijIlshi zhongguo d. n~i 11an~ji~ shi suli{n d,h£i you......,u '-" • ....., • ...., -" "'-'_ ~ ."""
11ang ji~19hi jitke d. 4.zh~i ji&Vy{nh~ng I shi zhongguo d. n~i jia shiv
'-'" '"". """ """" . '"""'. """ ."'-"
.....j1~!{e.d. 5.zhei"'xie m£obl'I bU'shi ~1)a d. shi w~Cd. 6.nei"'xieniDrt.tl:shi. ""'" """ ."'" ""' ~ .- .••.... "'" •.......
3 " "" 3 " .•• 3 'If" v "lI-1women she d.(bu shi women hezuosh~,d). women she Zhl you mal 7.q~che",...,.""", v _ """...., •
"'" "... ... - " -shi xuexia~,d. bu shi ~eren d • B.nei san wan cha shi tamen d•......, • _ • ...." d 'OJ ...., wtJ v......
.• v It v " "y ,
za1 aher. 9.wQ.yao nei zhi wo d..zhuoz. bu veo n~ d. lO.zhe xiev. - ...., .v - • v""" .....,
"'" v '\ "J - If ••.• --
li~ng"",benrshi.•..w9~d. s;.....benr shi~~men"",d. ll.zhe~shi w?_mema~d dongxi.
fb~~Shi n(mama .....d.(nebOlbU''''''Shinl'.•..mB'Ila•...•.d.) l2.m{ngttan .....d_hu) bU~l{ai.
, 'oJhoutian
d yP.....bu kai.• .....".. V
(. /, v/ /
,9~ pozn. Podstetna j~ena v pr~vla~tku, oznacujfc~ kvalitu. nikoliv
p:f1 vlastn~nf
a/II~. 1-4: ~ez pf!pony /d/
birr ~.5-9tS pf!ponou Id/(nebo fakultativne s pr{yonou Id/)J j~-li
pr!vlastek zdurazn~nj zduraznen! muze byt vyjadrenoipouhym zes!len!m
pr!zvuku zdUraznovaneho pr!vlastku
I
v - .• ..., v 'tt"" ••• "
a l.AIWO d zhongwen kebenr zal ner? Bln~ d kebenr zai zher. A:zhe bu shl"""'" .....", ...., • ......"v"",,. ev
3..; - 'v v v •• - ".I'wq,Q zhongwen kebenr. ~o d zai nar? 2.zhe xie ~ou sh1 j1eke xuesheng.- ...., • ...." \oJ \oJ "*' .....,--
b/
· ",/ - /'oJ - /'oJ - /V
loAlzher y~"you Zhongguovp~jlu. 3IZhC?ngguo.....p~~iu? (ZhC]ngguo.....d pljiu?)
.. 3 ' - '-v ... ",-
2.Alwo~yao~xue Zhongguovxlanf~. Blzhevshl Jieke3iluo£!k~~xi~n~81
bU"shi Zhongguo xi'Bnf'e.••••• oJ
~ r V{ ~
a/II O. 1-71 vazba /Sh1 •••d/ u attributlvnlch (pr v1astkovych) slov
v p~fsudkU
b/IIG. 8,9lvazba /shl •••d/ U adjekt1', v p:Hsudku
c/llt. 8a,9al norma1n! vazba adjektlv v pr!sudku je bez slovesa /sh)/,
zpr. v~ak s vhodnym1 pr!slovcl, napr./hen/ 'relr:Jl,/tRi/pril1s, /011/
(zaporka) aj. (srov. dele ~ 18)
a/l.zh~r you sl zhang zhuoz. liang zhan~ shl fan~ d, l1an~~zhang shi,"-' v • ..." -.J •••••• --........ _ _
" v - / r - - ..,/ !'f) /
",yuan,d. 2. tll0 you san zhl zhuoz, y1 zhl shl jln d, l1ang zht"shl v1n.,,'3•• _ ......,."-' '"'" ....."..+0.-/ • ....,; .......",v(y)
zh1 shl huangjIn d, l1a'ng zhl shl ~l':J{n d.) 3.AI rta nel wet-...; '-' . ...., ...., """"' . ....,." •...••. ....,
/ ( - .,. / ) I " '" ':1 ':1 ( ~)
pengyou ta"dJlel~wet pengyou sh\ ...llE}n.....d Mlshl ....p':..ft?3In~.,':1.shl"n,;y_
- \ -I '" 2." " '" V"4.A,tamen~d qlche shl.....hu~ng~d halshlvb8lvo? Blb~.,shi huang~d,ye~buvghl
,. ,. (.1 - \ - "...., ). "
bal d, sh1 hong 0 •• var.Altamen':1 qlche shihu~n8 shalr d halshi talv...., ....,. '-' v \J' ~...-' "-""........ _
'3) / / v ~ .. /',. V" "
,-"shalr....,.d?31bll~shl hue.ng shalr'-"d,ye....,Du•...shi ~.lvshalrvd, shi",h7ng....,shalrd. )
IT - "lo - I / Ii) .1 ,,(j;J ,
( .var.AI tamen.,d q1che shl"""hu~ngvya~se~d halshl....,~l~anse~d? Blh~vshi
/ fjj '" -' .-' ® /
huang~yanse~d, ye....,.bu,-,shloal....,yan-Se.,d,sh1~hc;?ng\./yanse.,-"d.)
/
- J+ ~l " z v )' ... .b
I.A I ta",d nelvge .....gu1z shl....,d~V'dhalshl Xl1!0vd? Bl b1},.}';h1"",,da~d, ye",buvsh1
...., / , .••......
Xl~o~1, shlvbuvd~vbuvXl~o~d.
••.. V" v v' " ;;- l...... ./
c/l.te. alren hen mei, nu'er ye hen.,mel. 2.1')e1ge gu z tal da, wq,bu•.),'8.0
'"'" ....." . ."" -- ""'" "'" ..........• --
•... 3 v 1 - v /1 - 'da
d, wo yao xlao d. 3.tamen jla you wu kou ren, tarnen d wuz tai x1ao.'-" '-"" .••..... .•....... -' -"""" """ ......,. ""':' •........
a/Ile.1-31 jednoslab. adj~ bez pf{pony /1/
b/II~.4-6Ijednoslab. adj. s pf{Donou /d/ pr1 (kontrastn{m) zdur9znen{
adjektlva
c/II~.7-8alnekter~ dvojslabicni adj. bez pf!pony /d/ (II c.7,8), pf1
zddraznenf s pr!ponou /d/ (II c.7a, 8a)
d/II~.9-111 jlna dvojs1ab. adj. zpr. s pr!ponou /d/
" v - v
3.zher~you h~o~dongxl, ye~you
na~shl~Y1~Zhl hU~1~gangbt.
- ....., -;' -yivzhang xl~ovzhuoz. haivyouvylv
zhang
......, - _ v v --
y1 ba da yishuar, y1 1~ xlao ylshuar •....,.'"-' """'. "
'" -....,-hual dongxi. 4.z'1e shi yi zhi hao £r9ngb'f',.""'" ...." .'-'"
a/l.women~ouvyl"zhang d~_Zhuozl
" v - v
bu d.a"'"bu•....xl~o~d zhuoz. 2.wo""You
- I OJ - '1 /" " 1 ,
b/l.tamen~d 10u~shi ~o~d~dongxi, tamen m~l~You huai~d~dongxl. 2.d~>Jd~
" v / .•• -11 '
~Yishuar shl~baba_d. xi~o~d shi~haizimen~fi. 3.d~v1 yigu shi~babR~
'oJ / o"'" - "'-"
",mamad, xiao d shl haizirnen A. 4 •.wo bu yao huai d gangb't', "TO y'3.0hao.,d.• v -..; ....,..• ~ 9-- .....".V v. -
1
./ /1', ;' '\ ././ "'I';' v
c l.h\ltu ren ban hutu,-,sh}. la.gen'-"h\;ltu ri,.,ren shuovhua b~",r~ngyi. 2.gei, .
.~ .., r - ./ - (- v) /"
""ta"Yi~tiao "ganj ing",rtJaojIn. g'2'n jing shouj in. 2a .niJel", ta y1v
t1ao
- v ...•. ,/ - ••
ganjing d shoujin ba, z}:ei tiao bu tai ganJl'l"lg Ie.• v v ..........."'-" ....,.,
d/l.zhe shiJi j1~n ~fan d shlqing.(zh~ shi jian~~fan shir.) 2.zh~ shi•••..... 0..../ 11.../ """"'.............,/ '-'" __
vyi ge ta'oy?m d ren. 3,> t; shl Zhongguo yi wei youmfng d zu~j la........- 41 '/V """ \oJ """'" •
a/l10.1-)1 je-11 urceno pr!slovcem (pr!pona Idl jakohy "rus!" prfsudkovi
charakter spojen! prlslovce ~ adjektivuw.)
h/l10.4-61 je-ll podst. jmeno, k nemuz ~e adjektivn! pr!vlastek vztahuje,
zamlceno
- Ivv - /''' (3\ .,
a/l.Alzhe...,dou shi hen hao d dongxL 31zher mel vau bu ha(rd d':l!1~Y-i.2.\J e"""," '*~ ....., -"-...; 't
- ( 1'" I r'" h '1 h" . ,-/c! 1 1 h- l>u hno. ., ;'ayou Y~.....,lang.,~n..; ao~~l z xingc e, i"~ ~ ''-'z x~;gc e...... ). r••o~J:m~yao
"....... ;" "v ,,bU""hao""deha,
wo.....,yaoh~0", rJ",cha.
® ..... ,,(l) ••• , v 3,,b/LAnTo
bu vao, zhe wafftai da, 1'10yao X190~d. Blwornenme1 you xiao ..1,........• ...Y __ ........• '-. _"""" \J --
( " .~ /' Y v '-" -Izh you zhl'l da d. 2. zhe. ,s1"',1 haiz d y_.?, suoyi shi xisoJd • ;.A:gua._ ....."'-'" _. v • ....." ~ •
" ""...... 3 i/ 3 v ryou
da d you xiao di n1 yao nei zhong? Blwo yao xiao d. 4.Ar xi~ua you'0,;'...., '- __ • """ ....,. '-" •...... '-"
" ~ '*' ,,- v '-' - ""
~d~~d. ye",You x1~o~d, (you•...d~.-./'Cigua,¥E',,-,youXl~0'Vxlgua,) ni yao d~\_.d.
/ ....", ~.., "haishi"",yao
xiao •...d? B:yao,-,d~ d.
\... 6 " ,,/ ., .-L •••• { .." ,,i2..L§...pokr.
Postaven~_.!.uznych typu ..blizs ho urcem. podstatnych jmen
YD 24
al bIlzs! urcenf vyjadrujlcf privlastn~n! zpro predchazf deikt1ckemu
a c{slovkovemu urcen! (nekdy je oboj{ poradl moine. srov. ex.a/l)
b/bliz§! urcen! vyjadruj£cf kvalitui vlastnost apod. stojl zpr. bezprostredne
pred yodst. jmenem, tj. 8Z za deiktickym neao c1s1ovkovym
urcen!m; obracene pofadl je mozne pr1 zvlastnfm zdurazn~nf blizs!ho
urcen1 kvality (vlastnosti) (srov. ex.b/4-5)
1® r: '" '-' - - - v V' - I '-"
a I. lao,-,rna"",dnei san ../benr shu (nei san'o/benr lao ma"'d•.....shu) zai~w~.....,zher•
.of... ~ _ I "
2.ta ....d nelJ1ang q:lche b\lvhao.
1
" "// ,/...... .
b 1.Alzhe",ben han-jlevcldian shl .....sh~i""'d? Blshl~l<T?~d. 2.ne1 san~ge piaollang ••..d
- 1-./ v' - ••... 1 v ;''-''
guniang dou shi m~ter. 3.nei_liang ba sh~fu~d~LZ shl 1~01ao he l~oye"d.
~10 Otazkov~ slo'1a ve funkc1 skutecne tazac!
z~jmeno /sh~l/ kdo?
zajmeno /shenme/ co?
delktlcke slo'1o/shenme/ jaky?
delkticke' slovo /nel, rlit./ ktery?
'1t~az '1e funkcl jmena mista:/nar, nAli/ kde?
'1yraz ve funkcl jmena casu:/shenme shlhour/ kdy?
c~slo~ka /jr/ kol~k? (~Si do desetl1;tez jako ko~ponent,slozenych
'1yrazul/sl2.!jr'/kollk pres deset, /xingqljl"/ ktery den tydne? std.
slo'1o /1uoshao/ kolik?
prls10'1ce /zenme/ jak?
spojka /haish1/ nebo •••?
'1yraz /we1 shenme/ kvuli cernu? pro co? proc?
prls10vce /du<¥.(tez se vyslovuje /duO/)/ jak ••.? (v postaven! pfed
adjektivy}
Pozn. V nasledujlc{ch ex. ot&z~.slove vystupujl ve funkci skutecne
tazacl, ale take ve funkci Hvztazn~" v nepr!mich otazkach a '1e '1etich
predmetnfch~ tj. v pf1padech, kdy i v cestine 5e pou~iva tazac1ch zajmen
bez jakekollv zmeny jejlch tvaru ('J' teto funkcl se '1yslovuji v c!n~tin~
zpr. rr~lo pf!zvucne. kdeZ'to ve f'unkcl skutecne t~bac! se '1yslovuj! prt.zvucne,
ne.1casteji t s d.1.trazem)
/
/ •.•. ...•• y / ...•• - (3 '"
a 1.Alsh~lvza1 zher? Blshi~W9' A:n~~sh1 sh~1~ Blla9.....Z~n~. wo_shl 180_
vZhang.) 2.Alnei san ge ren rsh1 Sh~i?(dOU shl sh{i?) B:tJmen dou xueiii' - ••••••••• •••.••. ..." t -'.....,. ...".
- '" / / v' - ./, 3
zhongwen. )'1....ge.....sh1 "To,-,g~ge.Yl"..ge"..sh1wo~ji~j1el disan...,.ge.....ren wo••.
, '" , ••.. vi (' '-') ./ ~
_buyZhid~o shi~shei. 3.AI 2hei~ge~benz zhei~ge __benr sh1__sh~i__1? sh;v
vbu..shl nr d? Blbu shi wo AD y!ning shi Zhang laoshl d. 4.A,zhe zhang,- ...." •..... ~ .....• . "-'....,; ......", ~
'" y .; If - ,,/:-. / I;~baozh~
sh1 she1 d? B:zhe 8h1 zhongwen bao. Y1d~ng shi Novak d. 5.Alzh~....,.""-'" '""" • \"",/ -' 0""""
......x1e-...dongxidOU~Sh1,-"Shfi_d? B!zh~>./l1a.ngzlxingche I sh1_wq d, ne1 l1ang<'t!!
'"'./ ... ./ -l "" .......• -
8h1 wo pengyou d; net liang motuoche shi xuexlao d, yanj~ngr sh1 mama d.-.....". V V e .........• "'-". __ .....,
zazht 18h1 Mba d, kebenr I shi nij'er d, shu1ye shi ta d. Q1che I sh1 wOTen.."___ . -- • "'. v .'-" _ "'"
6
.....• - / v'-Jjiad.
-.Atzhe Jiang q~che shl shei d? Blwo bu zhidao. CIWO zhidao.Shi .IV '-" ~ """" ~ --: """ ""'. • .
/ '" - ./ .•... ••.... " ".... "J!~vak_ d. 7.Alzher you yl xie._qian, nar ye..•,you y~ xie qla.n. zhe x1e_qi~n
- ...• 3 ... .; ""-1
dou_sh1~sh~1~d? Blwo~bu Zh1d~o sh1 shei d. 8.A:zhe~liang motuoche
y ./ v" -/ "3 "I .•..
shl •..n;"Avnla? Blb':.....Shl. wO••A.....ffiotuocheb':....ze.1,....zher; wo"..bu~zh1d~o zhe••.Hang,-"
....motuoche shi she'i d..•.... ••...
b/l.A,Zhe~shi shlnme? shl bu shi ji¥nz~ Blbu shi. zhe bu shi jianz. shl.•.•......" • """'" • ....", ........•v
",,- If' ./ - " V -"yo - ~ba~d~o.
2.Aln~~ou shenme? t~vY0u shenme? BIWO~you~obl. ta~you ql~nbi.
AI rn?men,",11;rng~ge,-,ren(ni)men"",l1a)1h~1,",yoU.•..Sh(nme? BI G'lo'inenliang~.geJ{n
? .•.. J./ v •... - ''"' ...,,,
(wome~lia) haivyou liang .•..benr zhongwen...,keb~nr. ye~hal~You zhongwen~
/oJ " /' _~ ""vC1dl~n.
J.Alzhe"",shl sh~nme? ~lwo_bu...,zhid~o.
c!l.Alzhe~shi shenme shu?Blshl zhongwen kebenr.(zhe~shi zhon~wen ke~enrJ'-' . -. ...., ....,. ••....•. --- """'" ., - ,/ - " •..... '-" - ,~
2.Alzhe ...•.x1e dou"sh1 sh~nme,-,shu? Blzhe~ll~ng .•..benr Shi...•.zhongwen~~ebenr •
.•. v v - /..., It / "yo
nei l1ang benr sh1 zhongwen c1dian. 3.Alzhey1e xueshenP.'you shenrne bl?•........ '-'" ..... -'. ....,r- ....•... ....." It _
1 - y V " 2. - @ 3 ....••..
Bltamen you gangbl. ye you !'laob1.hi'llyou qlanbl. Lf.Alwo bu zhidC'.ona"",Xle .•........,. 'OJ • .....,. --.vsh1
she'nrnec1'dian.(nB. shi x1e shenme c(d1an.) y("bu zhidao shi sh.;'td •
... ~ """'.....,;. '-" """" '" ."""
BlwO zhl zh1dao, zhei benr shi wo.A.'"' .." """ '-"' .-
d!1.Aln1
3
yao ne1 llang zlxlngche. yaa zhei 11~n~. hR(shl n~i 1ian~? 3:wQ.o.J • .....,. """ ....., '..... ....., "'-' --
_·'i!.:Yhuanzh~1 llang. ryaoJzh~i l1an.o:.(¥oJyao zhel liane.)2.Alne'1yle...." ~ ....., .... ......., ......." . ..:./~
-". - ""I -,-xuesheng y.ue...,zhong'llen?B:zh~ng .•...laoshl,-"dxuesheng xue ....zhOrlgwep. 3.A Ijint19r'...•.
v I 3 .•.•. ,/ ,- • / ./ -1.... V"
....wanshang n1men"d n~l3ie pengyou .•.•.lai? .3IN~vak l!',i.ta__ri...,~irenye",lai. IanV'
~Zhang xie.o Li,frlye dou 1£1. '+.AIn1 zh1dao 1 nt1 ge ,rtn sh1 me1.o:uorei1'?....., .'-"....., ..., .."" - ....,.'"
y - r v I' rv......, v
31nal1 ne1 wei. 5.Alnei henr shu sh1 n jiejle d. Binet he~r.(~ei,benr• ~ • v '""" -..." ...., • ...,- .-
v ,
shi,ta d,) wo bu zMdao.- -" oJ "-'
/
_ - v ( - , ....•
e ] .AIZhang laoshi zai nar? Blzai jia.• ta za1 jia.) 2.Alni qu rl~!'? '31'-' ""'" • ~. ""-oIl • ....", -' •
.••.• " "\ ') " - '<w' "
Bu'ernuo.(qu Bu'ernuo. J.Alwo ..nei benr shu zai n9.r? 3:za1 zher. 4 •.'\.1. . -......,...." '-'. "'""'" .
- " .•. 'I ....• ./ " "'" /
Zhang leashi d ne1 fenr..ooo zai nar? BI OU zai zher. zhe.1.Jenr shl..No.v8~~_d.\.,I ....." ..., -- ..." ....." _ _
v y '(""') 6 - v V" -
5.Alner you ShUl? Blzher. zher you. .A:t~_za1 nar? BIWO nar zhingo?:• "'"' •• v _.. ••.••••
" 2. "/ f ,/ I
r/l.Alta shenme shlhour le1? Blm~ngtlan.(m1ngtlan lai.)2.A:Novak x1an~heng",.,- ¥ •• '-' • v
,/ "",,,,,.j, ".shenme shlhour qu Bu'ernuo? Bite bu flU Bu'ernuo, hout1an ta nu 8:'li9Q.'e.• _...... ""'" • ...." • "",,"1......, '- •
v ./ '\" v '-"
J.Alni mei t1an shenme ~h1hour kan bao? Blwanshang.(za1 wanshanQ:.) 4.A:""" "-" • ....,r- ....••. • '-"_ .
- ~,/ , - -.' ,\"
ta xingqis~ la1 bu la11 Blbu lai.(ta x1ngqis~ bu 1ai.) wo bu zh14ao'" • 'w' -' ~ ""'" .-.".J...., ~
./ ,/
ta.....shenme...,shlhourlai.
g!l.A:ni
3
men jiB:I you ~f!Hang~ '" .~
wo baba yi H~ng, mama~ . ~ .
zlxlngche? 31san IVmg. (you sa!'!liang.).~ ~ .~ ~
Y:l.~l1ang. ~~9Yl.....l1.?mg. ~.A:nr...,d :?:he,..••ll ....ge...,xu{sheng J
~ - r..... -, .3 ~ y"'"
I jr ge xue zhongwen? BI zh you 11ang san gee 3.Aln1 d nu'er j~ SU1?.""" ..., .'-'" ~...., "'" ...., ....,
Blsh!' sui. 4.A,n13d e'rz sh!jYvsu1? Blsh!wU' su'l.(ta Sh{wU'su'L) var. AI.v ...." • •...., -.'-"
n1'-Jtrz sh1 jr? BI Sh1wlj'.(ta,J3h1w'i!'.) 5.A Inl'..,yeYe jl'Shi,-,SU), l~oye jl'shi.,. SU)?
Blte!men dou l1~shijr su~ ~le. 6.Alta xIngqlj'r' 1a"1? Blxlngqlsl. (x1ngqlsl __
'"'"" . ...." -- """.""" . .
",lal. rta xIngqls)_.la1.).." .~
!
3 _ ....?... - /. - " ...;0
h 1.Alnl yao duoshao rou BlOO.n..,jin. 2.Allai.."duo.shao •...ren? B11wt;...,ge.B21
v •.•.•
sanshlwU. ae. B':llsanshi gee 3.Alnl~yao duoshao? Bl,zh'1' yao y{ gee B2IY(...~ J. '-'" """'. ...., •......, •
" ,
i!1.AI"Ose1" Zh~ gevclr 1 zhongwen zenme shuo? BI1u.(zhongwen shuo 1U.)• .•.....• • v • V •
..• ...•
2.AI"Ze1enY" zhe
it
ge c1r I zhongwen ze'nme shuo? B,lu.(zhong"ren shuo Hi.). '"'"" .....,. . '-' . '-"" .
':l.AI"Slo.n" zhe~ge c!r I zhongwen ze'nme shuo? sh1 xl~ng ma? Blb{ shi xi~ng,.J t,J •••••• • ..........., ......", ...., •
shl xi~ng, dis) sheng.xlfi'ng I shl "m~slet". 4.A,"Cht1t" I zhongwen zenme .
v. .v • V tJ • •
_ .•.•• "''' v"'''; "ll (i) •.•...•1
vshuo? shivy~ovma? Blb~, bu shi y~o, shl",yao, h~ishi dls1 shen~. y~o sht.......
",,"kousat"
• r' (' - ~ / .
j/l.AI zhe""shl keb~nr zhe....ben..,shu sh1...,keb~nr) haishi •...cldian? Blsht.......
, •.•.... "/V ••. " ~ -" I' ".
....kebenr, b~vshi c~dlan. 2.Alzhe ge xuesheng xue zh~ngwen halshl..,xue
/ - - ". ". ~....,.jl~wen?
Bltavshl zh~ngguoren, ta,-,xue jl~weno 3.A,zhe,-,jlan...,yuy1 shi •...
"'g~ge""d, M1shi dldl •...d? BIbU....shi gege Iye"",bU'__sh1 d'd1 •...dJ (bU•...shl gege"",d\
ye' bU sh1 d\dl d.) sh1 'Ire> d.v '" • '-" .""
k!l.A,ta wet shenme bu 1'11 (w~1 shenme ta bu 1£11) Blb)ng Ie. (ta •...• '-" •••••••• • \...,I """ ...." • "-"
" "I'''''' " ~~blng Ie.) 2.A,ta bu lal. Blwel shenme? Alb~ng Ie. (ta blng le.)• v """"."""' • v .........•v
!
.... (2) r /' " "". ..." ...
1 1.Alchangcheng- duo chang? (you duo c~ang?) Bldaga1 l1U q1~n.""'. -........ ...."
.....•ba1 du01gong!'t. (11u q1an qI ba1 gongl't' ZUOy~u.) A,ch{ngchen~v __ '-"" ""
~gao du6h"Ou? (you dUo' gao dUo' hduf) Blne: d1anr wU gongch1 gao, liu_,
.'-" ...........,."-"" ""'" '-' '-'" ., v-"
v"/'
~ian~_wu gongch~.hqu. 2.Alta laorenj1a duo da nlanj1 Ie? ~lbashlsan Ie._ __ . """ .V"-' """'" • "'wI
l.wo1nen d b8.ba mama I dou za.1. na1nal 1d'olao l1ang ge ren I y~ doJVzaL
..., v • '-' '-' ,....,. '"
2 .1aolao shl mama__d mama. na1na1 shl baba d mama. 3.1aoye I sh1 maroa d......• ...., .....,. ""'"v......,. ...,;
.•...~bs "I ' " 4" "''' "~ , yeye shlvba.ba•...d babs. .zhe.,sh1 wo d1d1, na sh1 wo me1mel.- ~ . ~ ~ .
;' v ;' \./ r ... (/.)1 1JI •••
wo m~lvYou gege, yevm~lvYou jiejie. 5. daye bobo shl~wu~~ba~d
gege. Sh~shU Shi""w~b'aba.....d d1d1o rsaoz (s~osao)IShl~wo.....gege,"",d~lren,
dlmellshil+wo 11dl d 'airen. 6.shushu. zhe shi 111nd zlxln,rch;rna?
. ......, '-"'. '-"" '-'" '-'. '""" -.....,.
6" 1/'1"" 1 Yo
1." I
Attrlbutlvn~ slova nan muzsky a nu zensky
'" / I'::/' /'? "::
1.Alni nei wei pengyou shi nu d haishi nan d. Dishl nu d. 2.AIZhang\./....., "'" ~ .:........... """"...., ...". .""
V •••• 1 " 1.z ~ "(1
_tongzh1 ye zal zher. Blta sh1 nan n haish1 nu d? Alnan d. ta shi.'- "" ......". J' '-" """ • ......" VI
;' ••• #' ;' "y. " ..•
nan d.) 3.Alnei ge ren sh1 nan d haiani nU-fi? B:uan d. 4.zhe~,you."'""" .....,............" .-....., ...." -;' 1 v ':t' v "" Yo
nantongzh • ye you nutongzhi, wu wei shi nan d, 1iu wet shi nu d.• V'. ""...... • v •...... '-" v
..• 1" - v r.... l< .•.. '::',/
5.houtian ta d ba jiu ge nanperlgyou nupengyou (nan-nupengyou)....., ""'" "'"' •.......
" v;, ':( /' ..." Yo
d~u~lai. 6.ny.....d~erz y~u~mel~you nupengyou? 7.zhe.....shi wo~n~'ervd
§11,2 T>1~rovejednotky
a/IIo.1-21 bez bllzs1ho urcen!
b/llc.3-41 s adjektlvn!m pr{vlast~em
c/IIo.5-6: bez bllzs1ho ur~en!, adjektivn! pf!vlastek u poast. jmena
d/I10.7-81 adjektlvn! prfvlastek jak u merove jednotky, tak u po1st.
jmena
e/lIc.9-111 v prlpade numeratlvu adjektlvn! pr1vlastek mu~~stat jen
u podst. jmena
...,zhan~btlzh't'..~
",belhel pljiu,• owl
a/l.zh~r~you rs~n.....wan ch£, (nebol san""wanchfj Zheivwan Sh1~w?~d, n~l~
"...., .•.. .
~llang wan shl n~men 11a d •...., """"'. """"" ......"
;' .•.• "r""" .....b/l.wo
bUvYao y1 d~vzhang~zh~, wo",yaoyl""xl~o.....zhangr.
" "" .......,,,
e/l.wo bu yao zhe wan 11ang cha, wo van wan re d.•...... ......" ....JI....... ....,.
1
3 "y .•.• #'........ /' .
d l.Alwo,-,yaoy\.,.da""wanr~ cha, n; yao""buyao? Blwo b~ y~o yl""daW8.n,
" v ~ ® " .... ......•.• .... '"
~To~yaoyl~x1~o'""'wanr.2.''lo,-,b~Jaoda•....zhang baozh~, wo~yao yl~xlao .
".., .••• - /' v v" v
3.Alzhervyou yi~da~bel hu~ng~pljlu, yevyou yl~xiaov
nY yeo n~l bel? ~I yao n~l xt~o b;i. (yao ne1 bet""- • '-' """'" ' ......, v
hel pijlu. ).~
.•.. ~".... ""............ ....
e(l·"'tb~..!aozhel.....ba huai,-,y~z,wo"yaonel•....ba h~o,"",y't'z.2.Alzher:......youyi"",
,/ " i' 1 #' ~ " /' '/". i...... 3
~tle.od~ Yll, y t1ao x~~o""yu, hal you y1 tlao bu da~bU X ~o•.....d. nL,yao
"" 3" .... v 3 v
n~1 tlao? Blwo yao nelvtiao bu"",1a...,bu..)Cl';o...fl.3. ~.::o..•..yao mai yl zhang
.... - (3 \./..... da
zhuoz. wo yao mal yl da zhang zhuoz.).......• '-' """'.....".\J •
ID 28
~11,2 pokrac. V postaveni za slovem Ilunl merit se na prod~vat sena
merove jednotky i numeratlvy vystupujI jako merov~ jmena
1.AlnYmen",d y~ 1 rSh1...,1ti.n...•j1n shl~l~n...,t1(o? (shiJun.)In ha'lshl lUn,..,.
vtia'o?) Btltin 31n. 2.Atni1nen d gua I rsh1 1~ g'er shl lun j1n? (shl
"""". """". '-' """". '-"'........ '-'
.... , "" ,,- .
vlun",g~r haishl ...•1un,)ln?) Bilun..fi~r.
ID 29
§11,J (IIC.1-2a) Totez slovo pOdstatnim jmenem 1 merovou Jednotkou
It >' '-' ...•.... y "" oJ v
lozher""You shl er ge wan,lluvge d~ d shi_n;"",d, liu..fie,-"xi~o d shi w~ d.
yo "r ..... '.3 oJ;' 3 v .
la.Aln~men vao J wan..,mlan? Blwomen shl wu ge ren, wo~en vao wu wan•.,,/" .'-'" ....., ......",........, ~."-'
YD 30
§ll,; 1.pokrac. (!Ie .1-2a) Totez slovo m~rovou Jednotkou 1 numera ti vem
.••• .•.•. y V' v •.• V.
l.zher~you jl""'da.....zhangvzh~, ye....you xiao,-,zhang(r)~d, nl ....yao n~l'-'zhong?
la •wo3mend 1f' - I "'..... ..,I "" '"
"" zhel,-,zhang~zhuoz sh1__bI2-td, n~i xle y~z yEZsh1 batd.
ID 31
~11,) 2.pokra~.(rI C. 1- 6 ) Jednoslsbi~n~ slovo jako lIl~rov' jednotka,
dvojslsbi~n~sloTo tvo~en~ pfiponou /&/ jako podstatn~ jlll~nc
Jt ,,/ " .., •••• ./ - 00"'1 ].v
1.Alzher •.•you s~....,:;)1ngvb!!-ljiU,l1ang",plng shiJh~ngguo,-, jiu, l.eng.....
~ r" "';') 3 v { ?
••..ping" shl •...jl;ke .....d. (shl •...ji~ke ••..ba1j1u. 'r11:....,yaon~ivl1ang .....p ng
BIY! Y~ng y1 pfng oo. 2.zhe~ge p{ngz I shi"'p!jiu plngz. ).zhe~bei..,
~ Y..,- / - - ... - I ,,keke
hen haohe, wo hai he y1..bel. 4.zhe zhong beiz shi jleke d,"'" .. '-' .-.", -- ...., '""" . -... "lVnei
...•zhong ohabef shl~zh~ngguo .....d.
~II, 4 Obecne' merovl Jednotky YD 32
1. tJm~n....you sin .••zhOng...,Zh1.'I you",,'bf.t.d, h{ng....d, ha't"",YOUhwfng...,d. 2. '1'10
b~ x't'huan zhe zhong 'ren,n r x'rhuan IDa? 3. zheItxi e xu{sheng Idou sh 1• ....,; ...,.; v .""'......., '-"'. """"
3 " '" -".... 5 h~lwo d pengyou. 4.wo hai you yi xie qlan, nl va~_ma? .wo...•~ ~you...."'""'"• • .........., v 'oj
.I' ,
yl...,dlanrvqian, h1...,yaovma?
~12,1 Ot'zkov' slovs (v"!razy obsshu.j:!c:!ot'zkov' slova) ve funkci
tazacI z&choviTaji ve v~t~ posteven!, jak~ Jim ofisluii podle Tit"
I' ne funkce
a/II~.1-91 zajm~no sheil kdo?
b/II~.lO-121 zajmeno Ish~nmel co?, ID 33
olIn! .1)-171 deikt lcke slovo IShe"nmel jaky?
d/II~.18-201 delktick~ slovo In~llktery?
e/1I~.21-24: pr{slovce Izenmel jak?
Pozn. Vlz tez exemp11f1kace v ~3,4a/. Uveden' prav1dlo 0 slovosledu
plat! pro otazkova slova obecne pro vsechny jej1ch funkce, nejen pro
funkc1 tazac!. / 1 v'" i 1. 2 A •• - - t' •••
a/LAlta shl she!? 31ta shi wo me me •• ,,: ",,81len<lou shl shei? BIWO•..,""'" . ....., --- . """.
we d. shi_ .ta ..•.d •.", - .
b!.L~\zhe~shi she.~nme? Blzh~ shl shut'. ba shi j1u.n _ "",. • .
/ / - y
c/Alzhe~sh1. shenme br, shl yuanzhu(r)b~ ~R?"" •..... '-'" . ..."
2.Shfnme""ren la:~le? BIWb_A_Y1veep(ngyou.
8 / ..v v ahu~ngJlU
haohe.
d/l.Aln(1 •....benr k~benr I shi __nI'o.;-d? Blzh~i __benr. 2.A:nl .•...y~o n~\ .•..ge~b¥nz?
"" vBawo yao net ge xlao benr •..." v • '-'"
'- v - ....., .3 - ,-," ....,
e/Alzhe zenme ch1? B11zhu yi zhu chi. 321"10bl~.zhldao. 2.A:nl .. z.enmp.""- "-'" ......, '-' - v
'" ".'1' ....
3.Alzhe .•...z;nme ..•.l1ian? Blzhe_nian""l~1 b':..•.neng
/
Blb~l""shl, sh1""g~ngbi.
", v v -
3.AIsh~nme.",jlu heohe?
q"U? Blwo ka1 che quo.•....• ...,...", ."""
'- ~.n1an lu •••...
~12.2 Ta.zac:! ve'ty tvofene' POl'1oc! YD 34
a/1lo.1-51 vetne castice lmal
b/1lc. 6-14, 17-18 I op~lkovan{ s1ovesa. podruhe se zaporkou
0/110.15-161 opakovan{ adjektlva. podruhe se zgporkou Ibul
d/II~.19-221 polozen!m vyrazu Ishl bu sh1/ pred pr!sudkov~ sloveso
nebo adjekt1vum .- v
p.4; ~lO
Bl xing.
•
a/l.Alnl m!ngt1an la1. haQ,ma?......... . ""-" shl,
sh\vw~vd. B2IbU. b1 sh1 we~d.
/" v" / /b 1.Aln1 q~ bu~qu? 31wo b~~1ang~qu. 2.Aln1~m~ngt1an l~l~bu lal r
Blm1ngtlan ma? mfngtla~1 bu x{ng. hout1an wo nt'ng 1a"1. ':I.Aln1 xl'.huan... '-"" . ..., •.......... ......., ~ .....bu•...x~'huan?
Blwo~xrhuan. rlansh1 tn1 gu1 1e. 4.Alni xrhuan bu•....xyhu~n~
.•.ta? Blhe'n xYhuan..•....
c/l.Alzhe gu\ bu gui? Blgul s1 Ie. 2. tang1re bu re?••......... '" .'-'" ..•.... .- - wo:'yao
- '"he re d.'- •...
d/l.A Ita w~1 shenme bu ma'1,shl bu sht me'1qla'n?.BnTO xlang I te.sh"l
.'-'" '-' ."""""......" """ ""'" .
"'./ - , .. -' .. ./ "mel qlan. 2.Alzhongwen sh~ bu sh1 tal nan? ~llbu.,bu tal nan.'-'" ."'-' .""'" .....,
./ -./
B2ln~n, zh~n~nan.
~12,J Rozlucovao{ tazac! spojka Ihatsh11 nebo spojuje YD 35
a/IIc.I-2, podstatna jm~na
b/IIc.1-4, slovesn~ pr!sudky
c/II~.5-61 adjektlvn! pr!sudky
v v./ •••..\ " - •.• - al
I.A, n~men~lla sh~l~qu? n~ halshl~ta? Blrang~t~~qu~ba. 2.AI tB~shl~
!" " Ii- _ "1. / / ? / I
~nl sh~nme~ren? shl~nl~g~ge halshl~nanpengyou. Blbu~hl wo~gege
v/ // v"\
ye~bu•....shl nanpengyou, shl "To~d;d1.
b/l.A'nr....shl~qu jl~O-k~ ha1
1
Shl""qUtfng-k'e? Blqu_t~ng....k~. 2.A 'nl....shuo.,
v I '" "" {v'" ( / ....
wo !'ol!-1ha1sh1 bu ma1? BIIsu my-...b1'tn.B2an you q1E;nj1u~~l~ba.
••• ••••.. I / J t" •.••. ••• ci)
c/l.Aln1 renwel zhe~h~o I ha1shl bu hao? Blye hao ye b~-...hao.
... i, .• n
plaollang. hBlshl n~l ge gunlang plaollqn~1
... .. -
2.A,nl•....renwel zh~,....gegunlang
B,WO k8.ndou ch~Uduo..•... '"" .
Pozn. Slevo Ihaishi/ ve vYzn. prislovce: prece jen, prece r8d~ji
viz eX.II~. od'h'l za § 34
~13 Vazby ad~ekt1v /duo/ byt rnnohy,
byt nepo6etny, otazk. c1slovky /f'!/
kol1k
a/lle.l-101 adjektlva /duo/./shao/ v prlsudku
b/II~.11-151 vazby (syntagmata) /hen....duO'/,/hen.....shao/ v pr{v1astku
(zpr. ~ez pr1pony /d/, ktera se pouz!va jen prt zd~raznenf)
o/II~.16-181 ota1k. c!slovka /jr/ve funkci taz8ci
·d/II~.27-281 otazk. cfslovka /jr/ ve funkc1 cls10vky neur~lte
e/II~.19-20, otazk. slovo /duoshao/ VI'! fU1"IKCi t4z8C!
f/II~.21-22, otazk. slovo /~uoshao/ ve vyznamu neurcltostl. vyslovene
nepr1zvucn~ I nejak mnoho (zpr. po s]ovese se z..(porl(ou)
(vyslo!e~o s plnYm tonem d~r8zne.vevyzn. jekkoliv Mn9ho (II~.23-26]:
exempl~f~k8ce t~to vyznamov~ v8r~8nty viz v YO 79)
1
- ./ " - v / - / v,"", ®a l.ta~d_xuesheng bu_ta1....d~O. w~~d~xueshen~ hen~duo, 2.balvrnah~n~shao,
- v - ".I ~" - 4" '" V' h~l...,rna.hen~duo.
3.rC?uhen~shao. c~l hen~duo. .zhe.....ge...,yuey~....hen__duo,
byt pocetnf. /sh~o/byt nemnohy,
kollk a otazk. slova /nuoshao/
YD 36
" ~;/ y
11~yue~d~yu hen.....sh~o.
" v 1;/ - - ... ••... ". b/l.zh;...,ge""shengyou~en...,duoshan.
neivge.....sheng sh~nme""shan
dou..me1.You. 2.wo.lmen_-youhen duo d nlu. h(n shao d ya'ng,- _ _....., .v • """"....,
v
c/l.A Ini..;maile
-.J -
B,ji~yi.
3 -
d/l.women...,j113.11
Bll1¥ng ge (l1Er.).•.. "-" .
r 'II" / / J ", ,
zh you jl zh1 yang, me.~_you niu. 2.women hezuoshe....", '-" v - ""'"
mIl you duoshao ya'ng, zh( you jYshl zh1.
." -" ...." . "-'
e/l.Alna4Shl duoshao pl ma? Blsh!s)~pl. ?.Alt~me~_you du~shao~Pi....., • "0.,./ """" • __
00'1 ma? S,M1 ma~bu dUo, zhf you san pi •...., """"....,......,. .
3 ", ,,,, .j ", rf/l.women...,hezuoshem~1...,Youduoshao",yang, zh ...,you
j", .• /"" v ••• - A1'
women mel you duoshao q1an, xlanzal bu neng.~al q~che. J. ,n ..yao. ~ ~ .~ - -
j't'sh1zh1.
'-"
duoshao zhang zhr?
. '"
3Ibu.~.yaoduoshao, 11~n~ san zhang j1u gnu Ie._ 1~ • """ •••••• "wi'
~14 /m~l/ jako zaporka slovesa /y~u/
1.Alwo xl~mza1 mil you qla'n, nr you me?"'" "". •....... ~
YD 31
2.A I n( you .....
'-'
r..... V' ./
-.Jql,:n~ma:(nl.....y<?u.....f::e1...-Y0uqlan?
tI ,
GIW?,-"you,n1~y~0~ma?
- / v / "" '"'" ("" '"
ql~nbr. 4.Aln~n~yao~mal sh~nme? 3lwo",yao 11u-,~e~w~n, wu~yao~~1
.. '"'" .. /- v'...... /_" .. /1
liu'-'ge.....w~n,) 11u...,gechab~l. An-Tlin you. chab~l me1~you. 5.AIBulage
rn(YOu..."ql€n."..melvYoU?)B Iw{....ye
:3.gangbl~1rnaob~d~u....m~l.....You, Zh(YOU
'-' / - ", " -you mel you znongguo xuesheng? S,me.lvYouhen",duo.•........ '- ~
§ 15,5 Vyjadrenl deje prave problhaj{clho pomoc! pfls10vce /zal/
YD 38
13./110.1-2,ve vetach kladnych
b/11~.)-41 ve v~tach zapornych
c/1Ic.5-81 ve vetach s delem soucasne problhaj(c{m s dejem jlnym
d/llc.9-121 jmena casu /jlntlan!- dnes,/xlanzal' nMni aj. sarna 0 sobe
neurcujf dej vety jako pr~v~ probfhajlc!, ale uroujf ~ej
jako d~j bUdouc! neho ktery vbrzku zacne
A A' 111
1" h '" ? v " ....).. ,... ...""
at"' .. /1 men za ...,zuos ~nme_fte.Blwo....zal"'xu~x1. ""'i-bazal..."kan,,~o,xlaovm~lmel
zal..,w{nr. 2.Aldldl zal zuo shinme_~e~Blzalvwanr x1a'o...,huc)ch~(r).
" , - '),,,,, '"
J.x1anzal xueshengmen zal kal hU~. ke bu shang le. 4.xlanzal......"". v. """- - " , - "ta za1 Chi fan net (x1anzal ta ch1 fan ne.)'"" ~ • ......, v v.~"
bileA 1nf za1••..zU~ sh~nme"ne!B,r;,om{1"""za1Zllo:Shenme, (wo m(l zuo...•.shenme),
k~n••..dl';nSh~ ne. 2.dld1 rmfl",zalxue'Xl. zal~w{nr...,ne.(m(l~zal xU{Xl.
/ r
w~nr",ne.) wO....zOu.....d~
'" ", I "tJ \'
C/l.wo~zaoshang lalvd~shlhour tavza1 xuexl. wanshang Vvshlhour
/ / \ ""I J " •• - , ,
ta h';1,-,za1xuex1. 2.sh~ngwu women za1,-"shang-ke,ta""zalkan.....dlansh;.
, J 3 " " ~"x1awu women xla-ke.....1e, ta.....you....zal shu .....ji~o.
- I / 1 / "1/1.j1ntlan xueshengmen ka1 hu , bu shang-ke leev. •"""""" """
~ 16,1 Zem1covan! predmetu u sloves prechodnYch YD 39
a/IIc.1-4, v odpoved1 na otAzku, ve ktere by1 dany predmet jlz
vyjadren
b/ oznacuje-1i vec cl zv{re, jlz zmfnene a znnme (v techto pr{padech
v cestln~predmet ne1ze vynechat a vyjadruje se zajmeny tretf
osoby:to, j~, j1)
a/LAI nl chi f~n Ie ma.? BllchIle. B2.ha'1mel you ne.(ha1 me'tne.)•••••••. .'"'" "WI ""'" • ",-",. v",,",. "'"
J" .••..... •• ••...
2.AI nl.....yao zh~~evma? B1,Y~o. B2Ib~~ao. 3.Alnlvx~huanvta ma?
'..... 3 v- ,
Bllxrhuan. B2lbu x~huan. 4.Alnl qu Beij1ng ma? Bl,qu. B2Ibu~u.. .""" ....,. "-" . .
••• , V' r /" "') It - 0/ OJ
b/l.zhe bU"",h~o,wo•..bu....y!2-0.(nebolwo""b't•...yao. 2.zhe.....benr.....shu h!2n"""hRO,
v " /' "'" "" - - "
wo.....m!2-i. 3.zhe.....hen~1~nyl, wo""m~l. 4.zhe~haochl, wO,-"ch~. 5.~he
v ."." •• - 6' ," r .
henvbuvhaok~n, wo""bu.....ch\. .zhe.....yang.....zuo bu.....d~ode, wovb~ zuo. (nebol
.••.. ..wovbu zuo.)
"" .
§16,2 Slovesa s formalnfm 1 konkre'tn!mpred.metem
a/IIe .1-5Iformlhn{ (prazc1ny)prenmet
b/llc.6-111 vecny predmet
I
'" ,,'.... r / -a 1.tavt,:lv
a1 shuo....hua, wo bu....x~huan. 2.A.n sh~nmevsh1hour kan.....shu?
B1zhl ....zal""'wanshang.3.rwo:C\...yanj'lngrhU~1 1e, (wo~d y~nj1ngr hual•....1e,)
" .. - .. -... / ...
bu.....neng kanvsh~. 4.Aln1....y~o....buvYao ch1.....fan? Blwo.....b~.....yao ch1""fan,
wo•....xlan he-Jl~. 5.halz za~shul"",j1~o.....ma? BISh), Z~l•....ShUl.....jl~O.
v""'" v" ( v'" "')
6.ta zou lu zoU~d hen kua1. ta zou lu hen kua1.""'"'" J. _. "'" v '-'.
b/l.wo m~1•...kan.....b'9.otrzal.....kan.....x}n. (wJ.•...zal kan.....x~n.) 2.wO:.d•...b)'.....ne? wo:__
'" -" \. 3 -,I'
..)Iaoxl~.....xtn. 3."rob':.....yao.....chl yangrou, wOJao chl.....y~.
~17 Slovesa mod~ln{ (zp~sobov~) YD 41
al mohou oyt urcov'na prfslovcl, tvor! otazku pomocf opakovan! slo~
vesa s !bul a v odpoved!ch mohou tvorlt samostatne vetu; v ~lr~!m
slova smys1u sem rad!me vsechna slovesa, ktera jal{opomocna stoj!
pred hlavnfm prf~udkovfm slovesem, napr.islovesa "fazova"11a11 ph jlt,
Iqu! j!t,/kaish13y zac!t (vzny rozumej I neco ointt). Bezna moidln!
slovesa se mohou 1 komblnovat S~ slovesy fnzovym1 (srov. ex.a/9, 13-14)
bl nektera slovesa modaln! (vcetne fazovych) vystupujl 1 jako hlavn!
pr!sudkova slovesa.
-a/1.wo3yao hu{ jla. 2.Almfngtlan w~nshang I nl..n~ng~bu~neng 191?" ,"",. -- ..
" z.""" tI' " •••
f3Ib,:...,neng18.t.h~utian key1. 3. A. 1'.'10 k~yi...bu ....keyl shuo.....hua? BIk~yi.
nl~ShU~__bn. 4.A In(d,-"pe'ngyouxue~hongwe'n. ta...,Y'!j lng hu)....shuo
.•• ...,1' '" v - v .
zhongguohu~.....le.....ma? Blb~t hal__bu~hu~. ta""zhl,-"hui,-"shuolnl.....~~o. zal...,jl~n.
xl~ •....xie. dulbuql'. 5.Alni hU\ bu hul shuo~r\henhualj-?B,bU'hul.• • .v 'IV' "- • ....,
i 3 -.. 3 - •• ) 6 r v - '"
wo hul shuo zhgngguohua.(wo hUl zh~ngguohua. .n xlang~qu zhongguo.
- '2) - "" v...... 3jlu.....Ylnggal
xlan....xu~zh~ngwen. 7.Alwo....xlang ffial...,yl.....benr zhongwen~
/v. v ••.•• tI' •••• "" ••• ",
V'c~dl~n. nl•...y~u...ma? BlY,?u,''lO""You11~ng.....benr. wo•...yu~nyl m!'l.l...p;ei"nl
Yl"benr~ 8.A,n( xlang qu na'r? 3,w6 xlane;qu zhongguo. 9.ta__l~o_,1al- ~~. ~ ~ . - w~n.....wo
I y~ovbuvyao.....qu kan•...dla.ny!ngr. 10.wdmen"qu kan.....dieny!ngr,
••.•.• ,,- "" .•. i_ .•. y
hao.....bu~hao? ll.halzlmen jlntlan bu•...shang-k~. dou~u kan.....~lAny~ngrw
....qu...,le.(dou•...kan dlany'!ng__qu.....1e.) 12.nr""qu
•...liang I h(n•...hao.....d zlxlngche:.yu~nyl~bU""yuanyl
, - - "'wI
w~n~wen~ta. ta...you lian~.....
" It v.
mal....yl•...11An~ ~ei•...wo. 1).
A,nl xlti'ngshfnme shlhour kalshl•...xl~ x)n? al!!la:sh~.n~.
,I' - 2. - "" ",
shenme shlhour kalshl xue zhon~wen? 9,mlngnlan.. "-"' ,-,"~ . ..
b/1 A 1" h ,I' . •••.. " ." ••• ,. ""
• ,n .....yao s ~nme.....jlu? Blyao•...b~ljlu. (wo•...yao b~lj1u.) Alyao
,,'" "-,,sh~nme•...baljlu? Blyao~s~llan~baljlu. 2.A,ta hu1~bu~hUl zhongwen?
B't -;',1' '\" " '"
Ihu;....zhongwen. halvhul rtwen. 3.A,ta sh~•...bu~shl ch~ng~lAlvzher?
Bllch~ng,-"lalchang~lal. B2,b~ chang~lal. 4.A,nr~xlang quvn~r? 3,
r' - 0/ v" v
wO""x1angqUvzh~ngguo. 5.Aln1 1ao....xlang sh~nme? B,wo 1ao~xlang
, - "ll
ta•...w~lvshenme sheng-q~.
~18.2 Adjektlvum v pf{sudku, anlz by by10 b1!ze urceno pr!slovcem,
je ur~eno srovn~nlm YD 42
a/II~.1-2, s vecml 01 osoOaml, ktere se vyrozum!vaj! z kontextu
(srovnavan! lmpl1cltn{)
b/llc.3-41 s v~oml ~1 osobam1 vyslovn~ uvedenyml (srovnav~n! exp11-
cltn!)
Ya.~ngrou.4.tamen dou shuo, jleke pfjiu ~o. rnl shuo hao ma?-......... . ••.... '""'. "'"
( -..., '" ?)
nl...,shuoh~o_bu~hao
b/l. jlnnlan ch~tlan ...•d""yuldUO, 'qtmlan""d,..,y'U shao. (q~nlan Chuntlan,./\...y~
" - 6', /. Y - - - Y ..., 4
shAo.) 2.sullatF·d~, j1eke xl~o. 3.ta...,d...,shudU9, wo....d sh~o. •
" ~ -" r' v , - 3
zh~1 zhong cal haochl, ne1 zhong bu hao. (bu haochl.) S,A.n1 yao• v "wfI -..... e..,.;."" ...,
'" y 3 - '" -~\_(3)\ " ;'
shenme bl? 3.wo yao gangbI, bu yao jlnbf~.jlnblgul. 6.zhel t~ao yu....", '-'.."'" •..... """
'" "" .•• - v / ...•. ('"
d~.nel_tlao xl~o. 7.wovmelmel~d y!shang hao, y.l~bU~hao. wovmelmel....d
- ..., ..••• 1' ..••. \01") v, "'...... """ylshang haokan, xle bu haokan. 8.hal da.,hu xlao. (nebo. ha1 da,. . '-" ..
hUX1~0.)
•
918,3 (110.1-4) A~jekt1vum v pf!sudku b1!~e uroeno pr!slovcem (z'porky
YD 4)
jsou tli pr!slovcl)
...•. ","''' "II" ,;, "
1.zhe...,ge...,rent~1~hua1, keshl ta_~lren tlng~hao. 2.ne1...,zuo~louta1~gao
, " ;" " ....., - , I' " r:'"
ta1_d~, Zh~l....zuo....lou bu...,davbu...•xlao. 3.t~~en~d she ta1~d~. ~~menvd
(
"'" ',,, J" """''' v v ~w~men_d....she,
xiao. -t.zhe...,zhangvhuarhao. nel~zhang y~....hao. 5.8eljlng
rl'v ••. /v •••• V' y ...•. v •...•
hen mel, Bulage ye hen me1. 6.ta he.nhao, ta....a1ren ye hen hao. 7•••~ • .~ v ~~ .¥ ¥
zhe4Zhong qlchelgul bu gu1? Blb~ d~ gul, kesh1 ye bU ~~ h~o."""" ."'" ....,.- • v "'" ....,.v •
~18,3 pokrae.
Ih~nl
l~wo meimel d•...•. •...•.
(IIc.1-7) Adjektlvum v pr!sujku blfze urceno pr{slovcem
YD 44
V'l." /11' ••...•, 2 J
ylshang hen h~okan, xle ye hen haokan. •women."'" .'--' ""'"
dOu henJ'rhuan rSh(.laoshl. (Sht'-..,xlansheng.)ta ren h(n",hao. 3. Zh~",zhongv
v rI' - r / v . 2., Y :L)
",jluh~n",haohe. wo~h~1vqu mal~y1~plng. (wo~z~1~qu mal~ylvPlng.
.•• '" '" v
4.ha1 henvdf. hu hen~x1ao.
~18,4 Casove zarazen! vet S adjektlvn{m pr!sudkem YD 45
a/II~.1-31 do budoucnostl
b/II~.4-6. do mlnulostl
all.mfngtlan tlanq~Y{dlng herlVr~. 2.zh~ p(ng j1u woinen rxlngqltian he.. ""'-'....... ""'" '"""'" .. ....,
(lrba1tlan he. 'xIngqlrl he. r11balr\ he. r1Ybal he.).••...... •..•.... .'- .
b/J.zu6tlan t1anq1 h(n l~ng. 2.ta•....qUnlan shentl bu da h~o, j~nnlan
'"ha1 key1. 3.x1nq1t1an...•. .
rdou hen hao. (dou hen_~h~ohe.)• v v • ~ ~18,4
pokrao. Adjektlvl'tv prfsudku, jal~dobre vlme, nepotrebu,1( v c!nstIne
tadnou "sponu", sloveso Ish'll byt se pouzlva s adjektlvem jen
v pr!padeeh popsanych v i9,4b/, kdy ad,1ektlvum ~d u sebe ~Tamat. nf!ponu
/d/. Slovcso /shll ,1etedy slovesem "1dent1f1kaee" dvou m e nn
i e h clenu. J1m{ takova'slovesa ,1sounap. x ns ./menovat se
(prl,1menlm),/zuol mlt funkel, byt (nec!m, nekym),/dangl vykonavat
funkcI (neceho, nekoho)aj. YD 46
.••.• t " '" v - - 3
1.Al neI....,weI",xlanshengsh1....,sh~l?BlshI",women~d laosh!. (ta~shl womenvd~
lOr' - "' - ,,\ 1. '-"" v
~aosh~.) 2.A,ta",shl zh~ngguoren haIsh1 m~1guoren? BlshI~melguo~
'" , - ....." 1 - .•.
~h~ren. 3.zhel~wel,-"xlanshengxlngvW~ng, ta~ahl zh~ngguoren, n~i~welv
•• '" 1 ,( 4" ";( " , /'
~lansheng xlng~Novak, ta,-"sh1j1~keren. .zhewge~nuh~1z ,11aovAhon~,
.••• •.. / 1 •.. - I -.. rta
dld1 jiao Amao, tamen ~ babe mama dou shl Shangha1ren. 5.wo dang'-'" "... v......... """. . '-
1 ,,- '3 v - - - /' "
nl d laoshl, (wo zuo nl d 1aoshl,) jiao ni zhongwen, nl xue bu xue?.....,..., • •...... v "" • '-"" e"""'" •••••••
rfvlastek ~o1statn1ch men,
jlnycr jmen, e se pravlYD
47
a/IIC.1-5lzpr. bez gramatieke pfipony Idl
b/IIc.6-91 s pr!ponou /d/ pr1 zduraznen!
a/l.wo gege I sl!oz J he dldl I dou bu zai jIa, Zh( you wo3rrA za1._,11a.v '"" • ...","", .....,.....,._
2.wov
mavd ylfu sh~o, wo~j1~,11e~d ylfu duo. 3.WOvdld1 m~lmel \
, r ,,, ..... ,-dou davIe, y jing shang-xue let 4.ta babe b~ng h~o Ie, shan~-bB•.~,le.\.,;' . •....... '-' "-"'" . --
~\'1o.,d\dl m~lmeI1 dou shang-xue',JlU'e. 6.t-a b~ba I sh'ang-hanqu Ie._ v • .....,r-- _. -.""'''''''
1 - I ~ " '... ' '\7.tamen~jIa youvyl~lan henyd~¥d j~ngz. (nebol henvda~1 j~ngz.)
b/l.Alnl~'ngyOu m{ngt1an
1 - 1 ~
la1.(ta d nengyou 1a1.)• '-' ...F
v " y '" "r -y~....,laI.....ma? Blw~....,d..•..pen~you bu.....1al, t~""'d
2.wo milm~1 you ~uoshao h~~~ylfu, ta d mama you......., • """.....J"" - • ..., .
~19.1 Nomln~ln! z~lOZky u podstatntch jm~n YD 48
a/II~.1-31 stoj!c!eh v cele v~ty ve funkcl ur~en! mista
b/IIl!.4-5,stoj!e!ch za slovesem ve funkel lokAt{vn(ho pre,'b1~tu
e/IIO.6,8-91 zalo~ky v postaven! uvedenem po1 a/ jsou fakult~tlvnl
u podstatnych jmen ozna~uj!c!ch urady, 1nstItuoe at1. ~ take u j~en
b1He urcenych de1ktlcktmi slovy
d/lla.7lzalozky se n1kdy nekladou u vlAstn(ch n~z~ zem~plsnfch
a/l.zhuozlshang you~shU, yYzlshang yfvYOUvshU. 2.Aljlall you~sh{l?
B.j1al1 Zh(YOU wo•.•.gege he.....w~, ble'rendOU.....bU..,z~1. 3.d'lflhangd~U•.•.fihiv
vshu'!. 4.hu~cheshang 1 rln hen duo.
"" '-' .3 - I - ...• ..., - I ""
b/l.wo~d ylshang dou~zal wo~g~ge""dylgu~ll. 2.Alwo""d-yishang Y;v
J v '"'
2.Alwo""d~jlanz zal-p~r?
2' (~la'oShlyou
hen duo rett:. '-'" "" .•.......
ha'lzhen duo. '":l rchezhan• v J'
.....dOU'-"zalwo.....gege'-"dylgu)l1.
ell. ry!nh'ng (ytnhtngll) \
r- '" - / 1gongyuanr (gongyuanrll)
/
8Izal .....chu~ngsh1lnJ5.
- - I2.xlngqlt13n
/, -ren t?-l""d.uo.....le.
d/l.B~ljlng ytU.....hen~duo
2.Alnl zhU n~r? Blwo zhu'-" . •..•.
za1 nar? BIza1 Zho.nggU~"""" . ,...... .
'OJ -
Belj~np':.
, ~I v Shanghaf/
yOu.....henvduo
(wo zhti za1 g~ljIng.)v ~ •
- v
gongch~np;.
J A
r"h / , (j)
• I., 8.ngcnenJ5
/ "xuexl~o,
919,1 l.pokrac.
a/II~ .1-:3I jako
predmetu
b/II~ .1+-51 Inarl ja!w pr'ls1ovce p-redslovesem ve vYznamukCl.epak•••I
Pozn. Ved1e ertzovanfc'l tvaru lze zde vsude pou~{t !. tvaru se zaIoz}cou
/111 I Izhe111 ,1nal11 ./nli'l1/ (p~!slovce /oF{r/k1epa~{1 se n~kdy r0aJ.l~:uje
1 jednos1abl~n~ bez erlzacel/n~/)
VYrazy (zherl zde, Inarl tam,/ner/ kde? YD 49
ur~en! mtsta v ceIe v~ty 1 'v postaven! lokatlvnlho
('I .•...v,"" - v '''''? "a l.zher shu~ hen qlan, nar hen shen. 2.Alnar you fanguanr. B: nar.v. ....,. •. "'-'" •
- , ® r' (I' )" '" Alshl_zhgngguo
fanguanrvma? BI b~, b~~shl, zher rn~l""Youz~ong~uov
.. "'" ,,/ -, , •..•.
",fangu",nr?zher m~i,-,Youzhon,'<,p.;uo,-,fanguanr.4.Alnl zhu•..n~r?
" r.y - "" - v
vzhu zher. 5.A:ll:t-oshl(laoshlmen) za1 nar '>. .. """,.
I ~ - "v ~ -b 1.Aln~r""You zhongguo•...fangue.nr? :3lwl{,-"narZh1~aol
r y' - v v r: 0/ I' - I
w? .....nar""zhldao nar""You! w$>"'zenme....neng zh1'lac
n(1~q1a'nlw{'-"nRr n{ng,.Jao nYjl""q1a'nl
311011 kat hU'lqu Ie....." • ....., V
~ " -(wo nar neng zhtiBOJ•.... •.•..
vi' "')?"
llc<.r._youl~.hu yao
- .~
§19,1 2.pokra~. P~1 zam1~en! ponsta.tnYch jmen se z&lozky mohou prlpojovat
1 k merovtm Jednotk~m a numerat1vum YD 50
@ &f. /"'y v "" Y' Y'vI.zhelvbenr..,(ndlanl~sh~o",jlJe.
n~l....xle,",benrllye..,shao....ma? ?1\,0vrnR1Ie
It~ngvPlng~j1U, zh~""'p{nglrldU9.....Yl,",dlanr,n~1,-"Plnglrlsh~o,",Y1.....11anr.
§19.1 Pozn.I Jm{na m1ata a casu a vazby
a cas v postavenf p¥fviastku
(syntag~Bta) oznQcujicl misto
ID 51
2. r zh'el suo"-'
" " ..., ..• - .••• " _ .••• v
1.zhe11"d ..cal aha-o. rou dUo, na11..d cal duo. rou shao.-- ... -- ..../, " ", "j- ':f "
xuex1ao...,d(zhe1.•..suo xuex1aoll ..•d) xuesheng dou,-"sh1m;sheng. m~i""You
na'nsheng. 3.A.m1ngtian .••d....hul ki1.•..bU""'ka.l?B.mi'ngtlan....o'-"huljfntla.nv
'1 - '" ••• ' \\ ••.• '
~kal. (j!ntlan....ka1 mlngtlan ....d.•..hul.) 4.n~1...,sh1hour...,dshlr wo....buvzh1n~o.
two bu zhId~Ot nei shihour chule shenme..,Bhlr.)..,,,, • v ...,
~19.J Lokat1vn1 predm~t v postavenl
j!c!m1
a/IIo.1-2. 0.10-1). trvanl (nekne)
b/IIc.)-91 pohyb (n~kam c1 odnekud)
bezprostredne za slovesy o7.nacu~
ID 52
1 "....." ..• - ,,- ..,,, "
a/l.Aan1men zhu j~ Iou? Bawo zhu ba Iou. ta zhu ~~ Iou. Aishei zhu"""'."""" '-'.""'"' .......•....... .-'
" ,- ,- -" 3 - ~, "
Y1~lou? Bawo~ergs. (wo,-"erg~zhu..•ylvlou.) 2.Aln1men dou.•..zh~ Bulag~~a?
gI r w(fmen Hang ge (women 11'8:')zhu BUlage'. ta .,.huB~'erspn. 30 gege• ""'" ....., ....., v .....".., .•
"'\ I ' .... - '"'"..., r.... - .... 1
hevd:dl zhu....yl...,jian,vuz, wo he~1~j1e zhu~y1...,j1an.(Zhu~y1vj1an
- t. - \ ' \ - 3} v ••.•
wuz.) ~var.a gege he...,~ldizhu .••za1_y •....j1an wuz111. w~....he....jl~j1e zhu_za1 .••
..•Y1~1an WUZ111:) 4.ta zhu sh1j1u hao. w~ zh~ ta pangblanr. S.Aan1 bAbal
'-' . \wi' .- ••••• ~ • ....,.
... - h:" ., 1 '" .2,
zal bu za1 jia? 3,bu za1 ,(bu za1,,) ta za1 baoshe. 6.Aln1n d baba• '-' '-' • ......, owl •• '-' • v """
za1oar? BI zal ta d shufangll. ~wo did1 he~wo ~e~ed ylshqn~ l....,• ...........,. ..."" v·
·1 / -\ 3 _ , ••.• {""
dou~za1 y:....ge ylgUl11. 8.Alwo~d zhongwen~kebenr he_c dlan
..., "" " .•... -•..na.r? 31n1 kan. bu shl za1 nar. zal nJ.d zhuozlshang ( ne).,ma?....."• ....,. '-'.....,. v/
'"' - I" ~... - - 1
b 1.Alhuoche shenme sh1hour jJ.nzhan? 11,san dlan. (S3ti ~lRn zhong.). "'" •...... . .....•. .• - "'" .
B2asan d1an ling wU fen. 3)lsan dlan sh!s\ fen. 2.ta dao Ie, kishl""" .•.. ......, ~ ."" ....,. . .••...•
huoche I yl'jlng chu••.zh~n.....le. J.wJmen jln....;\OriJz-,ba.Xia.vy'1'.•..le. (xia.....yv.....1e•
w;men j),n\lmzba.) 1.j..AaZhanglaoshl she'nme shlhour hUl p."u6'?B:xi~ge yu~""" .'-' ...." ....., ....,.- .'" ..,
5 .wo.•..nainai t'~1....19.'o....le. yrjlng bU-,chu jlamhlr...,le.6. ta~r1l1ane:.....~e nUl er
y(~e chu-ji~ ie " Y1 ge hrtlme'1chu-jl~. 1.AIXianzai yrjlng k;Y1..~ ........, .
.•.. -' "'-" ... r " .J "
shang...,che....le.•..ma?31 hB.l_z~o...,ne.z-::tl.•..zher zai.....zu<:.....yi.....buir.....ba. (7.U9~
.". \ -(v" ,,- " ..•
vzuo.....ba.) 8 .Aak;ylvbu .....key1 xla...,che?k~yl x1a.....che....ma?) Blhal hu....neng
xl••.•ohe, dlanohe ha.lvmel dao...,z~nJle. 9.ta.t~l,-,,~ng....le. bu..,neng
.. " v, ..." y ...'shang
.....lou. ye buvneng Xl~.....lou. zh;....neng zuo.....dlantl.
j19.4 (I~~.1-5) Prepoz1cnf (predlo~kove)uroen{ m{sta s prepoz. s10vesem
a1 u sloves neoznacuj{c!oh trvani (n~kde) nebo pohyb (nekam
1.odnekud YD 53
"," )t .•.. 3 / ..., '" I I' 3
1.ha1z1men dou~za1 yuanz111 ~nr. 2.lao~y~ye zal~yuanzl11
.•. - 3.; I - '"
zhong~h~r~ne. 3••an1~d~pengyou .za1~zhongguo zuo~sh~nme?
Bagongzu&t> (ta zal zhongguo gnngzu#h AI rtai
·za1 ZhongguO"(ta1 zal• .•••••. "-'" 'i .." '""" v
zhongguo...,d)shinme~dlfang gongzuo? B"Sh~ngha~ (zal~Sh~ngha~)
§19,5 Prepoz1on1 ur~en1 m1sta (tj. urceri!m!sta uvedene prepozlcnfm
sloveeem).Hlavn!ml slovesy jsou YD 54
,
a/II~.1-2. slovesa ozna~uj!o! trvan{ (nekde. p:r!padneuveden! do
takov~o stavu. srov. ex.a/2). prepozl~n!m slovesem je /zal/1 tAto
vazba je nutna zejmena tehdY. je-ll hlavn! prfsudkove sloveso opRtreno
slovesnou pr!ponou (viz tez exempl. II c. § 21,2 c. 10-12)
blII~.J-51 slovesa pohybu /lal/a/qu/. prepozl~nf ur~enf m!sta je
uvedeno prepozl~n!ml slovesy /dao!.Ishang! ./W'.ng/.!c6ng/ Iiil.j.
c/II~.6-81 jlna slovesa pohybu n~~ jsou /lal! a /qu/; atonlck~ elementy/la1/,/qu/
nebo dvojslablcne formy s /lal/./qu/ na konoi s~
k nlm v~ak Oasto prlpojuj! jako smeroyi modlflk~tory. srov. ex.c!3
(0 mod1flkatorech viz d~le §§ 22, 25)
/
- ",;, l.of" .•.. '" •..
a 1. mama he~p~ngyoumen dou~za1 loushang zuozh~he~ch~. 2.nl~kan,
~ - If"" •••• ~ - •••.
tamen dou~zalvnar zhfnzh...,ne.kual q~ng~tamen dou~zuc;x1a~ba.
__ L' .of .; v ... ",' - I ... '"
J.nalzlmen dou",zal~enkour zh~nzh",ne. 4.Alzal~Beljlng nl~zhu",n~r?
..,,. .... ...~ J ,. - ...
B••wO zal pengyou nar zhu.. 5.Alnl zuo.....nar? BIWO zal ta nangbla.nrzuo.v • v ""........ ....,r--
'" I.... V' '" '" ••••
b/l.nl sh!nme",shlhour zal~dao~o~zher Ia1? 2.zanmen shliilng~~lblanr~qu
.•... v .
deng ba. :3.dahuor wang hou kao kao ba.~ ~ .~ v
/
.....,/ '" '1 ••• r - I
o l.n1 wang•...nfr pao? 2.ta..,conghoumenr 11':~1.. ).feijl cong.....
~lO'udrngshang felguoqu Ie.. .•...
£19,6 Yazby sloyes Izail byt, nach~zet se (nekde) a Iyoul (nekde)
byt. eXlstovat (arov. te~ 92,4 YD 2) YD 55
a/llc.1-41 podmet-/zal/ - lokatlvn! predmet
b/II~.5-71 urcen! m!sta -/y5u! - postverb. jmenny ~len existence
/
3 - .•.. •••.• ~ /\ - J - ....
a 1.Aawo...,dzhongwen~kebenr zal•...nfr? Bly~d~ng z~i...,wuZill•...d shujl~rshan~v
3 r _.., 1 _ ...
•...ne. 2.A.nlmen •...d halz1men dou~zal ~r •...ne? BItamen dou zai T.4'~ltou•...ne.
b/l.AI'n13
d zu(ll (n1 zu(U) you sh{nme? BlkO'uxltan~tng. (pB.orta."'ng.
'-"" • 'W". -" ••
r:..,. 3 '" ,paopaortang).
2.A.nl d shoull you shenme? B.ni oa1 bat oa1du\ Ie• ...,""....... .....,• v • ......,
'" 'lo Y / . v /
jlu~g~lvnl. 3.Aazhe~u;z11~ you~shenme? Bayouvjl~. Aayou sh~nmev
v "v ,,/...... "''' v
~jlu? Bayou~~taojlu. Aayou sh~~me~putaojlU? Ba~l putaojlu.
~20.1 V~j~dren! Irlbll~nehO po~tu polo~en!m dVOu~(61 !lce) bl{zklch
"jednot ovYch" g slovek (tj. els10vek /yl/ "1" az /jlu/"9") hezprostredn~
ved1e sebe. Vyjadren! poctu YD 56
a/II6.1-2a mezl 2-10
b/II~.3-4a mezl 11-19. 21-29,31-39 atd.
0/II6.5-6a rnezl20-90 (vzdy ° ell ° h desltek)
d/II6.7-9a vys~!ho (vzdy 0 e 1 y ° h stovek, tls!o~ atd.)
a/1.dlanylngryuanl~ zh(vYOU rqr~bi~ge~ren. (nebol q~~ba~e~'a.)
2ozher4you rsan s'lwan oh~. (neboa san s~wan oha'.). ~ "'" ." • "'w' "'"
'- VI -, '" -, ••• _ • "
b/l.zher »ou shlyl-er tlao yu. 2.hUa ershl'er-san~kua1~ qlan. jlu__IfwII • ""'" • ""
r '" Yo (v' "")-.;key1 mal l1lil.ng~e~ma1v
lla'o
o/l.ta"y!'jlng rsl-wU'Sh0e. (s\-W'sh1",su),,}e.)
d/l.w6mrn,t{Sh.t~n I you san sl w$n oe ahu..•...... ..." ~."""
~20,2 Vyjadren{ !rlbll~neho poctu polozen!m za o{sla,vyj~d~en~ eelyml
rady (tj. kon~!o nUlou),slova YD 57
a/II6.1-2./1al/ (neprizv.) asi, kolem, neco pres
b/II6.3-4./duo/ v!oe ne~
a1f.wzllr \ you ta d r~rshl lal2.ge (ershlj( ge) p~gyou, tamen you ohiJ """,. "-"'" """ ••••••. .v
you he I y6U oh~ng ger. 2.'wo~en no""ngyesheJ you 'J'l~bal la( to'u,• """"" 'wI'..,; • .~ ....,
... ~ ~ '" - '" 'I.... r\ z. '"bU~dao Yl~lan tou yang. ~men nongyeshe zhl you y."bal 1al tou.
(~1 shl lar tOUt )•••.... v
\, "Ie: - '1 - -f '"
b/l.zhe~uo xl~oxue you ~"bal~UQ (you ~ bal duo ge) xuesheng. var.:
.•• y '" fr 1.- (- .1)" 3
zhe..,suoxlaoxue YOI.~y~~bal..).alyou....r,..;,...bal~lal~gexuesheng. 2.women.....d
gongchang I you sh{ wan dU6 gongren.•.•.... ...•.
Pr'{slovoetvoren.{atonlokou p:H'ponou/-me/ YD 58
'" '\ - I •...v v......" " 1 /
1.zh~me..,gu~~dylfu wo nfr•...neng mal, wo lIl
rl.....you name•...duo qlan.
r: y' v •.• Y v - I '" r v
2. w~....zenme zhldao (w~•...zenme.....neng zhldao) ta"lal.....bu..,lal.3. w~....
•...zenme""zhldao (w{ ze'nmeneng zhldao) Izhe~shl""n'fd. 4~A I Zhe~ge""Z'lr
.•• -4 , v , ., ,,'-,
z~nme..;x:le?Bazh!me....xle. 5.A.zhe""ge""oalz~nmeV'zuo?B: w~e_bu-,hul..
Vazba c{slovky lyl1 s num~rativem YD 59
a/je-ll ~!slovka lyII vyslovena oslaben~ t6nlcky az ~tonicky, m4 ce~a
vazba vyznam neur~iteho ~1enu nebo cesk6ho neurci~eno zajmena:~~jQky
(~!slovkQ lyl1 se muze vypusti~ a nositelem uvedeny~h v1z9Qm~ je pak
jen numerativ, kterf se st6va pr{klonkou k pfedchazej!clmu vyrazu)
bl je~l1 Ms10vka lyII vyslovena pIne tonicky, pOdr~'3jesvuj vy:mam,
cfslovky jeden jedna jedno; cel~ vazba ( s vhodnym ponst. jmenem)
v apozici ma v?znam sim (tj. ruske:odlnJ srov.ex.b/l)
a/I.sh~ngW I you'-y(ge....ren""'laizh(o>/ni.•..le. 2.zher..,You
shl sh:i jlQ.__d? J.zh~r you~y)....zhi....br, shl.•..nr~dyma?"'-/ .""" ,k~l{ng
(hUQ ge keling)lta dou xint{ng.•••... ....,. """"",.. -.,..;'
I :I. v { _J.- '"b/1.wo y( ge r{n hele y1 ping jiu. 2.zenme key1, Y.v~evren v.vvQlan,IV •..•... '-' '-'
rdajl~ chlvne? (nebol d~jla chI....ne?) 3.y!vgevren Chuvq1{n, ~~jiQ....chl,
zenme neng x!ng? 4.me1~Ji.)1;n wUz1l13
I zhQ Yf",gev-ren. 5.y1......benr• v
bu g~u dt1 mal 11~g benr. 6.huR yi 3e ke1ang I keYi oa'Y(vCiv""" · "'""" • '--'" ·v .
••. '( -/ ••. ~ I'; ..., 1. ••. ') {
"",dlanhu~.nebo. hua Yl.vgevkel~ngI keYlvde.yl•....el d1a.nhu~. 7.y.~ge
I 2' IIkela"ng
key1...,zuor( ...o1....chi.
/1 { " .•. (vi' ()v t' , •••
Preverba n __Jmenne cleny pr~sudek muze byt vyjadren
1 adjekt1vem), jso~-l~ uvedeny ~lovese~ /y8UI byt, eXlstov~t, jsou t!~
o2na~eny jako neurclte YD 60
, v
yl t1aovg~u,
4SlUa y! ge •..
.'~
-I \ - - ....
1.Aiyou ren shuo n1 hUl shuo zhongguohu~.....•. '-" '-" -.
./ - ;' ,../ - - .
~xue zhongwen, hal~buvhu1vshuo zhongguohua.
'C ,.... - ••• '(
vZhldao. (bu zh1dao,) n1 zhidao bu zhidao.- ......" . .....,"
v
zal zher, ta hen.....-xlang
•..... / ...•.
).you y1 we1 tongzhl~ ~
•.. .
fanguanr
:Slrna-li, (ner,) wJ zal. ' . ............"
2.AlYOll j1an shl'rw03 bu
'-' "-". "" •.......
8lshenme shlr? n1 shuQ bRI
• """ "wi."""""
jian nl. 4.you?'xie•..... '"
" '" ' ..•hen gUl, , you xle au gUl.v • ~ .~
YD 61
redchaze {c! slovesu / 5'ul byt.
ex1stovat prekladarnedo ur en m m st~, 1 k11z formalne
nem~ u sebeQniZeiloiktJ¥lni prepoz. sl.~ i podmet slovesa ly'Oul ve vyzn. 'Illt mllzerne
chapat jako urcf!nfmfsta (srov. i ruskel u mens ••• ; viz ex'. c. 3-5)
1 h.... 1 "" 1 '" / - / 1 / '" /.z e X e zhuoz you gUl d you p1any1 dl jinzhuoz gu , Ylnzhuoz o1anyl.'-' v.'" ~. v. •.
j ~'v / - , v (
2.Alnlmen~xuex1ao y~u",~e1you zhongguo xuesheng? 3IY~u, you•..sh j\....ge.
( i/ -" ,,- :3 •••.••• {V
).wo zh you Z xlngche, mei you muotuoche. 4.Aln1men you me1 you p jiu?• \.;' • \"".I ""-' "'"'" •
Blwdmen yod hu'ngjlu I b~ijiu I pttaojlu, rp{jlu mt1 you. (p(jlu I\"",or. • •• • """,'J •
~ "') 3 •.... " - •• y v
womenvme1vyou. 5.Aln1men you~me~you zhon~~uc maob;? BlY~U, yao .
""jYzhl? (you, n{n yao j'r' zh1?)
.""'" • V' .""
C!slovkova vazba v pr!sudku
a/tvo~! pf!sudek samostatne (t1. bez slovesa)
b/v z~poru s~ k zaporce pfipojuje Ishii, 'tj. C'!slovkove'vnzhe predch~zf
spojen! /btf....shl/ (ost9tn! p~!slovce mohou c!slovkove vaz'h~predch8'zet
1 bezprostredn~, srov. IZhJ:/,.pouzei>veX.b/2)
IIA 3; ." ." Y "/ v' ~
a •• nl~d~ha1z1men dou~du9vda~le? 3.erzl Ykjlng ersh;~le, xi~o~nu'er
cai 11ang sui. 2.A.wo {rz ca1 shfji sul. B.shljr? Alshisan.'" • v v. "'-' • •
(var.3'Sh1jr~su)? A'Sh1B~D~sU1.) J.A.zhe:wei laot6ur I rnitnjl
duo'da le?(duo de.n1a'nj1 Ie?) Blq1sh1 duo, kU~l oosh{ Ie. 4.A •."" """ ......, ""'" ...." .'-"
3;' ", - VOl' ••• __
nl~d_fangz dU~_da? Blshansh1~ pkngm1. 5.Alzhe~j1an~YlfU du~shao_
;' .•• ~ v ,Wl _ .•• '" ,
~q1an? Blzhe j1an hen gu~, 11ang q1a~ba hal kelang, nel jlan
'-" "'" ........• """'" '""" .'-"'"
'" r ..• v ••. .•.•
plany1, ca1.,erbal.(cal er bal kelang.)--,. "-" ...,/ ......,
b/l.A.ta y'!j1ng l1ush1 sui
lt
le. Bllbu, ta bU'shi l1ushl sul, ta crt1""" .....,"'-" ......, v """
~Shivsu'l. B2Ib~, ta b§•..Sh1 liuSh\""sul, ta•..y'rjing '1Ishi'_le.(q!shl•....
_sui Ie.) 2.Alzhe benr cfdian I ~r ba1 k~lang. BIlb~, b{ shi ~r baiv\w/ """ • "'-'" • • •••••••
V'kelang,rzh'I'y},-,'OOL(zh'rY)"bai keltmg.) B2.b~, bf.,sh1er_ba i,-,k'ela'ng,
Cesk~ spOjky zda, /e uvadej!c! vedlejS! vety pred!lletne"',
v cinstine nevyjadrujeme ID 63
If'v ••• - '" v"''''
l.wo_xiang ta_z~1~j1a, nivq~_ba. 2.wo~zh!dao ta_you, ni_qu jii"ba.
~ wJbu zh1dao Ita jlntlan ZQU I h~{Shi m{~gtlan z~u. 4.wo k~n I.;' '-"'" ••.... . "'" ...." ~
zh'eshdr bu hao~n.(nebol wo k~n I zhe shir bu h~ob~n.) 5.ta shuo
""'" '-'. v. v ,""". ...."
, '"' ".ta 1~1 Ie xi~ng Xiuxl xiUxi. 6.ta x1~_x)n shuo ta~xiang_lai
v.""",, .""" ,
,; /
Bulage xu~x 1•
~2l,1 tvorene pomoc! elementu /bian(r)/,
Imian/, tou ,fang 1 na m na m sa. ejich tvoren! je popsano
v USH~ ve Vykladech lex. a fonet. VI) vystupuj{ YD 64
a/II~.8-1JI jako ur~en! m!sta pred sloveseml tez jako pr!vlastek
podst. jmena (ex.a/14-20)
b/II~. 1/-1-1jako lokativn! p1edme't
c/II~.1-41 jako zalozky (podst. jmeno zpr. bez prlpony /d/)
d/II~.5-71 jako zduraznene zalozky (podst. jroenoje s pr!ponou /dl
nebo/dl je fakultatlvn!) ~
e/II~.l5-19. ve spojen! s prepozicnfml (predlozkovymi) slovesy
upozorn~n{, V §21,1 uvadfme fakultatlvn{ erlzac1 jmen m{sta nejenom
ve slovn{cku, ale 1 v exempllflkac{ch. Pokud se v jedne vete vyskytuj{
dv~ nebo v!ce takovych slov, ~teme je v see h n y bu~bez erlzace
nebo s erlzao{.
a/l.zh~ shl wo d gulz, lrmian -:lou shl shu, shangm1t=mshl zs:\'zhl,xl~rnlan"v •.....,"" • ......, '" •
vah1 ~ozhr. 2.zhe4-7:h1gangbi shl W()--d, rlI'blan{r)(l'1"mlan)rme1 you",
• """ v - "'-'.• - '-""
..,shurrla.(rne1you moshuJ:r la.) 3.zhe'tjlandaylhen gul, l1~ng .# \o.J' "-"" • ....,.. """" v ....",
, 1- - ... / ....r, .....
...,m1sn(r)d~u..,nengchuan. 4.zhe",zuo~louhen da. qlanblan(r)
, r'-' 1- /
houblan(r) (qlanmlan houm1an l1ang blanr) dou you men. 5.chule~ • v ~
huochezhan, zu?'b1an(r) .Y OI.4,-,Chiizt~~\\che,Y?Ub1an (r) Sh1"",d1a.nchezh~n.
6
' ,.... v v v ..." '" ••••.
•wa1tou l~ng, 14tou n~nhuo. 7.belfang hen,-,l~ng,nenfang hen~r~.
1 .... /' - .....- r.- ... 1B.du m1an sh1 yuyan xuexlao. 9.wo jla zal nongcun, zhouwel (s mlan). "" ",-". " .....,. '-'
- - - {"" .••. '-' tg) .•.
dOU..."sh1~sh~n.IO.chule y nhang, du~mlan shl•.•.fangUl;nr. lI.nel ge
- r-" (- -) 3 ......••.....
gongyuanr hen d~, zhongjl~nr zhongjl~n you~e h~. 12.zhe~shi sh~nme .
- r.., () (V ) / '" v r' ()",gua? l~blan r shl 1~mlan sh1 hong~hu~ng Shalr d. w~lblan r shl
.•• •.. "y - .•... (w~lmlanvshl)
l~vd. l).women z~u z~l zh~r, dlXla~shl n~~A ....•.d fangjlan.
" - - ""'" " v ""I .•..l4.walmlan d tlanql zhen hao. l5.shangmlan d x1angfar he xla~lan d"",v • -' •.......... "-' '-'"
~ltngfarlbu d~ y1 y~ng. 16.?u~blan(r) d shl lYzlshu. youblan(r) d"""" ••••• .....,. •••....•. ....,. ,. V'
;' ®rv '" v '" - .... , v
~shl l;shu. 17. l~tou d~ren (l~mlan d......ren)dou wang w~lmlan pao.
18. rst blanr d shan (zhouwe1 d shan) I dO'"uhen ~o, zhO'"ngjl~nryou3
ge.."-...,/ ~ ..." """'" .....",. •......
"hti. 19. rsl blanr d r(n (zhouwe'ld rtn) I dou k~oguolal le. 20.alan-• """" '-' '-'" \,,/. ""'" "4
blan (r) d r{n dOu zh~nqllal-.;le,h~Ub1an (r) d r{n I yr,JiouZ11anqilal 1e.
It r:,-, -. " "" -.... r,' V' ,
b/l.zhe shl wo d shuJlar,(nebo: wo d shujlar.) kebenr zal shangmlan,\J.v "-'. ....,. •
c{dla~zal xl~mlan.(k~b~nr zal shanghlan(r). c(dl~n zal xiablan(r).)....,. . ~ . ......,. .-r, , ....- ..... V '"
2.ta j1a bu za1 belfang)(nebol bu zal belfeng,) zal nanfBng. J.wo,-,-....I • ...." '-'" '-'.....,. •
,-~.niz1l1d dongxl1 hen duo. zhuO'"z7.13.1zhongjlanr, liang ge shujl~r7.81utng....., """ """""......,...,........,...."
- .•.. ''''' .•..•. _.......... -,
vblanr, da shujlarzal zuoblan(r), xlao shujlar zal youblan(r), shujlaTv
.""" '"' '-' ...", .'- -{ , 'y ••• .•...
,....shanghlan(r)you huap ngr, dlxla shl jlu baOZhl. 4.zhe x1ao lour you .. ...., .. '"" ........• ""' .........•
....., ,,' 'V.... ,
v11ang cen~, ha1z1men zhu shangblan(r), women zhu xlablan(r).. '-'. "-' . •........ .
c/~.~ongl'UanP;Zhongjl~nr{songYUanfPzhongJlan)fyou y{ ge h,r,hU'zhouwe'l
-......" """ V' '-" v. ''V
, -, "1 .... "
you hao xle shut 2.ylyuan glanmlan shl.,shangdlan,hou~lan shl~'-'" '-'. v. _ •
••• , \J 11"" "" "" U'
......xuexi~o.).zhuoz zU~bian(r) keylv
zuo l1ang....ge•...ren, y~ub1an(r) y;,-,
'v """ / I -...... '{
~keyi'-"zuoliang...,ge~en,11ang~t~ur d~U zh~~neng...,zuoy •....ge...,ren.
L~.A'Zh'elzuo 16U I ne1 mian you m(nr? B'l1k'ng mian(r) dou yOU. (l1~ngV" \,; • """"'...... """ • v ""
- ",,,, """ ,_mian(r) dou you menr.)qlanm1an sh1 zheng menr, houmlan Shl blan menr •• ....., '"' """" • ..." ,.J·v
'/ ,. - " ", '" - ) - ~ \5.wo zhu xuexlao pangb1anr.(wo ..zhu zal xuex1ao pangb1anr. 6.huap~ngr""" ....,. -...,r .....,.
-, , 3 ..• -I '" ",
zal shuj1ar shangb1an(r). 7.wo d q~che zal lu zhe1 hlanr, hu 7.a1V' ""'. ...."....., ","".v .....rnet
blanr. a.wo3
d xi: rbQ zal gulz waitou, zai l'rtou. (ou'za1 gulz~"" """ ...., tJ ...", • ....., • ....."
vwa1m1an, za1 1'rm1an.) 9.A,haizlmen I dou zal Mr ne? B,n13
dao r16u..,. ...,. . ....., ..,..." '-'
, /")' ;' 1- v
..houmlan qu (Iou houtou qu kan kan. IO.Alhalz1men dou za1 nar ne?-. """ ...,. v ,""" "" ve"'"
3 r./ / , "" '" r.", "Ban1 dao Iou q1anmlan houmlan (Iou qiantou houtou Iou q1enolan(r)"'" """,. . """ .. ....".
, r,,'" ')" v •• ,/houbtan(r)
Iou q1an-hou qu ken kan. ll.ta cong wangUl pangblanr• .....",. • ....., ....., V
", 3 v ~ - - (J) I" 1'-""
nala1le w~dJranj~ngr. 12.cong....b1ngx1angv1~tou nachulal y~ he""r9u.
d/l.gOngYUanr~d 1!b1an(r) Iyou""n6, Irb~~al wa1b1an(r). (o~~za1 gongyu'nrvd
w'alo1an(r).) 2.zhuoz....d pAngblanr I n(r'Vyou sher?"me....y'rz?yI'zdou.•.~
.....n{chuqu""le. :3.za'zhl I dou....zal rshujl~r""d"(xia.(shuj1ar~d...}l'x1a.)
" " " '" y - ",,fi),, y ,
e/l.luz kualvm1~vle, wang llm1an tian y1'-"dlanrm~l'Vba. _.d1anYl1"lgryuan
",..., ", v"" V y- ••.. (
zha0'Vhuovle, renmen douvwangvw~lmlan pao. ).huoche dao....zhan t.ngzhuvle,
",,, " 3 " "v
cong shangm1an Xlalal Ie jl wel zhengfu daiblao.
Ilw" ""'" """'" ""' '" •
~21,1 pokra~. VYrazy IZherl zde,/nar/ tam (var./zh~11/,/nali/) t~z
ve funkcl zalotek zce1a obecneho vYznamu YO 65
al u obecnych podstatnych jmen
b/u vlastn{ch jmen a oznacen{ osob
c/ u osobn!ch zajmen
a/l.ta~zal~chUanghU n'arIk1n wa1blanr Q 4'engJ'ing.2•.ni3
dao chezhan....., ...., .•... ...,.. ....., "-'
Ie ••. lr ( ,3 -" " ......,vnar•••<;u
8n...,..an,nebo:nl..•...dao chezh,n",oar qU~lean...,k8n,)hai~Y9u~llei..J
,you jintian....,d.••.b~o. 3.zai....,chuanghujheryang,-"hWirI zh~ng~d~heo.
o/l.Zhang laoshl nar I dlfangr xl¥o, a.aow~ zher 18:'1be. 2.Novak. '-' "'" . '"'" .'- ••...... . '""
..,n~ryou2.'hen duo x1n shu, rul."nmenqu ta nar (woJmenqu ta nar) k'anken.
v"'" '-" '"' v v v .,-",
J.zal Wu Jrn zher bU bl keqi. 4.zai4wo pe'ngyou zher 1 nl k(y1 zht.~""'" ....,. '"""'.""" •.•..•. '-' ......,- ..", -
oil A v " V" - •• v v ..."
• an~menvnar y?u~melvyou zhongguoren? BaY~u, women~her hal
v
you
r\benren nee Z.APAO:d o{dlaJVzal nar ne? z~1 bu zs,1nl nar? Baz~.l..• """ '"""'" v • ..••...... • v..."", '-' _
..;..wo.;dl~.3.An"~.....d c!di~n ne? ZB.lbu zal n'r'nar? :9aZ~lw~ %.her: 4.wo~~qu."""" .""' •...... ..., . ...,,'-' •. n'!nar,
ylhou1qu ta nar, z'nmen Y{k~1r za1 qu r'8.ngur"nr.S.Aazarfmen."""'" ...,; .""'" " "" '-"" .
_... " "".. z
j1nt1an wanshang shang she1 nar qu? Babu shang she1 nar QU, zanmen
"'"' """• """""'"" ."" '-" v
za1~j1a kan~d1ansh}~be.
" YD 66
~2l.2 Lokatlvn! predm~t ~sleduje za slovesem, ku kteremu je prlpojeno
e/II~.1-3a postpoz1~n! pomocne sloveso Iza1/. jez se prlpojuje nejen
ke slovesdm ozna~uj!o!m trvan! (nekde). nybrz 1 ke slovesdm ozna~uj!c!m
zach~zen! 1 manlpulacl. p~em!s!ovin! (ne~eho)
b/llc.4-6a postpoz1~n! sloveso Ideo/. za lokatlvn{ pfedm~t na konec
v~ty s~ kladou jeste slovesa Ila1/./qu/, spe01f1kuj!c{ smer pohybu
(sm~rem k mluv~!mu nebo od mluv~!ho pry~)
c/II~.?-9a postpozl~n! sloveso Idaol. na konc1 v!ty se neklade Ila1/~ni
Iqu/. nybrz nasleduje v~ta hIavn{
- -/ •. / ,,- '" I "a/l.Zhang
laosh1 zhu za1 xuexlao pangb1anr, xueshengmen dou zhu za1. ..., "" .••.... . . ...,. ....,
'" 1 "I"" " '" - ""
sush~ll. tamen.....d sushe b~•...zal xuex1aovpangblanr. zal•...xuex1foll.
2.~nshang I ~jla zu~.za1 y~nZ1I1 I he ch£. Il{o-t1anr. 3.Xl(Ov-. v • •
~ , - ,,;t - v " ;'.,."n1if
er zuovza1 mama"pangb1anr. ~lna1 zuo zal y~ye pangblanr. 4.wo.•..
v I' '" - '" I' "" ....•...
"ktyl zuo•...za1 nlv
pangblanr .•...ma? 5.h~lz1men zhu"zal Ioush~ng. w~men
, ",,,, '" "'..., /,
zhu za1 louxla. (var.I haiz1men zhu loushang. women zhu louxla.)...., • • '-'.. V' •
6 •. -' I ••.. ' - '-I'".ta"zhan za1 ohezh~n nar deng_dlanch~. 7.ba day1 gua zal
..• 8 - / I'" - .., "" "
ylj1a.rshang. .be huap~ngr fang 7.a1zhuozlshang. 9.wo be qlan l1u..,"'" ...". " ......,
",za1 nI'zher. klyl me? 10.00 x{ngl1 ctinzai hul5'chezhan. ll.ye'ye...., eV • V "'" • '-" '"' • •
b8 q1a'n ( dou c~ zal y{nh{ngIl Ie.~ ~ ~ . ~
b/1.Aash{1 j1a d gl5'uI ~o dao w6men zh~r 1a1 Ie? BISh~_w~,pe."'ftgyoU'1.'- •...... "'" "'" ""'" -- -- --
- "" \y'" .3 ..•. GZ) ....,.....j1avd.ta
ch~ngchang Z1j~ pao•...dao~women_zher•...lal. 2.Alwo.....zh~o..,ta.ta..,
"",...., '" " 'v
_bu za1. pao dao nar au Ie? Bata kan d1any~ngr qu Ie.V' • """ • ......,.• ....., ""'" ....." ..."
c/l.qlche hua1.,le. wJmen z~u dao sush~ I yYj1ng ~r.anshangsh( dlan Ie.
• -- """. .'" v
2. r ta hu{ dao jl8:,(ta hu{ daole jla.) I r;la:Darhtl me1 hu{lal net
'-" '-'" ." v """
(nebol htl mel hu{lal ne.)
• "" v
,21.3 ~epoz1cn! sloveso /d~o/ az do. do a repoz1~n{ sloveso /con~/
ve vaz ch Ic6ng •••d~o •••/ od•.• do ..••/c ng •..q 0 ••• ve spo en
se jmlny &asu YO 67
- (' v I ' ,., v.' I
1.cong~~_d1an dao~sh 'ir~d1an wO~YOU_k~. 1.Alcong zn~~e~11ha1
d l' l!'b'1 I ..,b" y'/ '\ V'so_x ~vgev a wOv U~Z~l. Bln~vsh~nmevsh1hour za1? AI11sng~geV'
Irb8.1Ylh~U. 3.cone; m{ngt1an q'! I r'Ou I J1U'+-vaovgu\ Ie. ",.cong~" • •..... J'.,-,
.,h~>utlan q'1' I nr n~l tlan dou k(y1.,1£1.-. ..." v ~ -' v_
YO 68
~21.3 pokra~. zAlozky b~tne u jrnenm!sta se u jmen casu nepouz!vaj!.
V ur~en~h ~asu vzn1kaj!c!ch spojen!rndelktlckeho slovs s podst. jmlnem
se n~ktertch "m!stn!ch" z~hozek (napr./lrl uvnltr) pouz!va fakultat1vn{
1. rZh~..,gew/yu'e(zh'e..,geyuel'!) I zhryou y!,fie1l'ba1l1'U1 sh1vgongzuorl.
, ~'Ie: ~ " ",'" Yo "~ 12.zhe~ge•...l.d::e.lwo•.•Y.l.jlngkan•...le 11~ng""cl""'dlany.l.ngr.(wo kan...,dlany~n~r
yl"j lng kanl e lta-ng c'1. )..." w/ •
~21,4 (IIe.I-8) Fodst. jmlna se z{10zkam1 m!sta v pr{vlastku YO 69
-, "" -I' (.II v.... ...,-1.shugu1",I.l.mlan..,dshu b~",do~",shlwo•...d , yOu•...d sh1•...wo g~ge~d.
- '\ , v I - - " ~ 'oj \
2.zhuoz d!'x1ad jiu Mozh~ dou,shl zhongwen M.O, gUIZ r11xla1-..,; ..., v _....." -. "'-"'" ....,.
,. ,., '-'" { /( - @, #'
~al...,shljlewenvbao. J.xlao~p ngrll_d-you shl...,xl~ngyou.d~...,plngzll1~
shlj'mashengyou. 4.A IZhuoz pa"ngblanr d yYz I dou~r qu.).e? BIdou_
~22 Modlf1kovanl slovesa. Krlterlem pro oznacen! slo~en1ch sloves
jako modlflkovanych je mo~nost tvoren! potenc1~ln{ formy (viz
dale ~33)
",zaoshang 5!"",d1anql'la1? BI1l~...,dla'n.(ll~...,dlanq!la1.) n.Qr1a1, bi( k~.
12 r " "( " "v ..• -. v
• zhe~evmenr zhe••..menr) t~1vxiao~le, j~nla1 chuqu hen~bu fan~blan.
l~qrng j)nlal, nYmen sh1 women d k~ren. 14.AINo k{y1 bu key1 -j).nqu?....,.. ""'" "". v.v....,;
Blk(Y1vj1riqU, lrtou ml.lvyouvr~n. 15.AIZhang laosh~ z~l jia ma? 9lbu,
"-"" .'-'" "-'
- ~ {.., - "taych~qu..,le. Alta sh~nme..,shlhourhu lal? Blwanshang q!...,dian...,zhong.
v - {..fiJ '" '" " '" "
(wanshan~ q!...,dlan...,zhonghu lai.) 16~yeye bu~ao zhovloush~ng,
- OJ " " .., - ~v
ta..,shuo tayl~o..,le,shangqu xialal henvbuvf~ngblan. 17.Aln1 z;j~
"", ..., r. v •.. (.... ~" )
guolal na.ba. Blhao ba, wo mashang guolal. wO""JDashangguo~ai na.-' • 'wi' .....,
..., " ,,; If> ~- L 8 ' •.•
var. wo..,mashangguoqu. (wo.•..JDashang guoqu na.) I .n1 gUC]la1,wo.••.de1
•.. " " , " "gen n1 shuo hua. 19.n1 guo1al ba, wo kanJtan. 20.n1 guoqu wen...,wenv va • v...., tV
y6ujU za1,.}1~r. 21.y(~e .••.blngren ch~la1.....le, y(ge __b"lngren j1nquJe.
(var. y{ ge blngren cong lrmian chu1a1 Ie, y{ ge blngren jiu....Jlnqu ....le.)",v ...., • v ,,",v •
, .... " - ,..., 122.Alni wel shenme bu j~nlal. Blren tal duo, wo bu.••.xlang j nqu.o.J.V '-' """' ••
~22,3 pozn. I (IIe.I-4) 0 kov~n! t6hoz z'kladn{ho slovesa s modlf1ketory
Ila1/. pr1 opakovan qu modlf1k tor qu zde - na konc1 ctyrslable.
v1razu - zprav1dla nabyva tbn a pr!zvuk:lttu/) .YD 11
- "v "" v"''''' r v y ( "" y '"
1.ta~za1_menkour zoula1,,;zouqu...,d,sh~...,buvsh1dengzh__n;~e? d~ngzh_n~vne~)
", - '" Ir:.... v" ( .... y,,)" r2.ha1z1men zal gongyuanrll paola1 paoqu. paolal paoqu d, wanr d t ng...,...••.• '-" \wtI''''''''''''''
-, " ,,'" y " .•••
vgaox~ng. 3.ta kanla1 kanqu, helsh1 bu x~huan. bu xlang mal. 4.wo• '-'. '-' ....,Tv
..." "" ..,
x1angla1...,xlangqu.zU1vhou h~1shl malvle.
~22.3 pozn.II.(II~.1-3) Slovesa s mod1flketory Ila1/./qul mohou oznacovat
1 dej pravldelnf se opakuJlcl YD 72
,,; " ,,'\ ,. " J."l.wo lao cong zhe1 ge menr j~nqu, bu eong nei ge menr jln.(var.1 wo••••• • ."" 'wi' V .v- "'"""
•... G)" '" '·v" " r v rlao zou zhel ge mehr, bu zou ne1 ge menr.) 2.Aln mel t1an j dlan,• v v "'" '-'" • ""'" '-' ...."........ vZhong1
qrlal? BIU~ lilan.(uti dlan zhong. rUu dlan zhong ql'la1.)
.J .'" "" -v '-"
~22,4 Vlozen! 7redmetu nebo lokativn!ho predmetu mezl zakladn{ sloveso
a mOd1f1kator lal/./qul (ptlvodnejde 0 pflpojen! sloves Ilal/,/qul
na konec vety, aby se nazna~1lo sm~rovanr d~je k mluvfcfmu n~bo prye
od n~o) YD 73
a/II~.1-4Ivloleni predmet
b/II~.5-61 vlo~eny 10katlvn! pred~et
1
1 y - , , "".I' ,
a l.wovd~xl~oshuor hen~uo, n1 ~~j1~benr qu~. 2.n1 gel~ha1z1men na~
"".11ge p{~gguo 1a1, 3.n1 gl1 wo .11~0Hang rchuzu lalo (ChUZ&\lche: ~la1.).""" ...., """'" '-of .~ "-'.o/1.n1
~u( jla qu, zh~r mIl nl ,~shlr. (var.an1 hu( .11aqu ba. zh~r ImIl•...'-of v • llW'" ...r-- """ ."-' '-"
..n1 d shlr le.) 2.Aljlnt1an sh1 xrngq1wu, n1 huf n~r qu, hu! sush~ qu,- v '-'" v." • '-' .v-
1. / - l' - '("haish1 hU:l__j1~•...qu? Bawo""hu..•..11~~qu.b~..•..hU Bushe.•..qu...,le.(var. AI
_ -..., I' •••• "" 2. 1'j1nt1an~h1
xlngql~. nl hu~""n~r,hul•...sush~, ha,1shlhu ..•.jl~? Bawo
hu( jl~. bR.hu! sush~•....le.) 3.Aata j1ntlan b~""hU1 jla...,lal""le~ma?
,- -" - "BabuJl'u1 jla 1al 1e, shuo shl yao zal Zhang xlansheng nar guo-ye •• .....,"-' ~ -' ......, ·v ....,.
.• " "1" / "... J -
4.ta bu 7.a1zher, sha~o ou qu lee 5.p:ljluzal 10ux1a, n! yao he,• ...",,- .,..", b..,../. oJ "'-' """. wi ...., •
.1luxla<!t1.O'uqu ntf•...,....., '"' .
dvo slablcn{ druhou .slahikou je bud"11al1
dvojslab. modifikatoru jsou atonicke)
a/lle.1-10I z$.k1adn! sloveso s modlflkatorem YO 74
b/lIc.11-121 z~k1adn! sloveso se opakuje, v modlf1k~toru se vymenuje
koncove' 11a11 , /qul a celf vfraz bYva.zakoncp.ngramat. pr!ponou/dl
(koncov~ Iqul ve vyrazech vzn1k1ych t!mto zpftsobemmuze aspon castec'n~nabyt
puvodn!ho tonu)
1 j /" "" / "" ,
a 1.women ble zhan za1 zher. zuoxla1a1 tan. 2.ble zhanzh, zuox1aqu •• v",. ••
3. r,nok~n y1 ken (wo kan kan) j1u get nl nahu11a1. 4.Alwo houtlan• '""'"'-' ....,• v ""'" """" • •
gf~\nl n;hulla1 I x{ng~ma? Bax(ng. 5.nl n4'hulqu.•..ba. Wc(,y~ule.
6.Aazhe~shl nr d, nl ru(hulquba. 3awo jlnt1an ~u kan n1~nyrngr,""" • .....,. • v ....,. ...., ....,r- •
! " 1.1' / r., - ... -m ngtlan nahulqu x~ng ma? Alxl.ng. 7.ta1 gao le, (nebol tal t;ao. ,le-,). ,-",..,-", ""'-" ,-".v:"
8 ,.,... - "" .w'nl gel wo naxla1a1 be. .nalnai zal louxla ne, ta yao kan hAo. nl oao,J ..,;'. -' ..." • ...", ~ ~ "-'
"'1 ,............ ....-.•.... - v': "
yanj ngr gel ta nax1aqu ba. 9.ni ba Yl.zlcong Nuzl11 gel wo nachu1al.v v •....• ....,_ v...." •
•.. ."...", ".. .•.....I;'" . ~
lO.n1 ba y~z dou nachuqu. 11.n1 be V:lZ con~ yuanzl1l ' dou gel wo"" ..., "'oJ • \wi' '...r' ..., • •..... v
n(jlnlal. 12.n1 b(.yrz I congyu:anZ1l11 l dou..,ge"t""wonij1nqu. 13.cong~
.... rv 2."" .......) •.... "
......nel bianr zouguo1al y1 ge ren,(guo1al,yl ge ren.) women keyl wen wen ta•............,; - v ..., • ....., ..."
14.nar you3yl ge y~zhouren, rnl zO'uguoqu (nl pjU6qu)wen wen I rshl bu.....,............... '-'" ""' ....•. •....... ...."
Jhl zhOng~oren. (neboa shl....bu""'Sh1zh~ngguoren.) 15.woS
yf j'lnmenr, g~U I
,/ y"" 6' ... - - "
jlu~aozh~Y:lba paoguolal 1e. l.nar mal xlangjl~o ne, renmen ~ou .
"" / ~ "'" / I "v......paoguoqu pal-du:l. 17.gangcal you .11ge halz cont;7.h~rnaoguoqu lee• ..." ...I ....,r- ~ """"
8 - •..• I """ .•. ~"1 .ta g~n~ zoujln1al j1u you z~uchuqu.."le,bu zhldao wel~8henme.
{
I" V I 'V - V' - / v (fi) V ('i)
b/1.y nhang1l mel~tlan YOU~hen~ctu~~ren zQujlrt1alzouchuqu~d. 2.
v - .• \'1.1/ v ..•. , r- / .1aosh1 zal,..)1aosh~11.. zouguo1al zouguoqu..)J,gen__women 11anx~ hul.hu~.
. •..• ••• .1%> .•.• 1'1) /... I"""
(var.lwen women wentl.) ~nanha~1men zal lou houtou paoguoIa1.......• "" """"".
v ar I -.... ....- r ,- .3
psoguoqu~d t1~ql~r~ne. 4.dlantl 1 j1nsvhualvle s~n~tlan~le, women
- r v (if) v" ,/ ( "
dou del paoshanglal paoxla~u.;.,d, zhen mafan 81 Ie. pashang1a1.....~ ~ ~ - • v ~
/ - /
~p.·3.X1aqu""'d,zhen ~fanJ1Je.)
~Z2f6 Vk~n! edmetu nebo lokatlvn{ho redmetu mezl zak1adn{ sloveso
s pflpojenou prvn slab1kou mod1fl1ttoru a koneovou druhouslablku mod1flk5toru
Ilal/~qul (p~vo1ne jde 0 p~lpojen! eleMentu Ilal/,/qul na
konee v~ty za u~e1em naznacen! smerovan! deje)
a/II~.1-31 v10leny predmet
b/II~.4-S1 vloleny lokatlvn{ predmet
Pozn. Mane casto se predmet.vklada mezl zakladn! sloveso (s pr{ponou
/1e,,1a dvojslab. sm~rovy modiflltstorjako ce1ek (srov. IIc.1-2,varlanty
v zQvorce)
a/l.Alq!ng""nlget..•.wo ~xla""'nel~benrO!dl~n"",lalx!ng""'bu..•.xlng? l!hnld(ng""
v. - ..., / ""... v'
""yl""hul.r,wo xlan~gel nalnal naxla yanj:ngrv
qu. 2.nl d~n~deng(r), wo...,
" - v - v.. ... ... 4 v v
vnachu gangbl.lal. J.mama malhul eal 'al jlu zuo fan. .nl gel laoye."'" ...., • ...r ...,...., "'-""•
""........ r" 1/ 1" 6[nachu ba y~z quo S.n gel bl.ngrennashang yl hel cha quo .n gel....,...,I • ...., '-" "-' __ "-" •••.•.•• "'"
.....mamal~lhul jl""'zhr.....hu~r•....lal,jIntlan sh1~ta~dvsh~n~rl.
b/1.ta ~oohu dam(nvqu~e. 2.g~ulpaochU yufn~~al~le. 3.Alh{1z1men.....ne?
v.... .., hV - ( / I
Bldou~oshang l~u.....qu.....le. 4.wo yl~ an blngjil.ng, halzimen j1u.~
.....dou p~oshang l~ la1 Ie. S.ta p~oshang s'1anqu chu-j1n 'e. 6.b1e","'" • V' ..."" v • V • ......rrang
e;oup~ochu jla quo 7.~enme? b{z l1U'chux1e lei 1e?(blz l1U'chu.J
"'" v \wi •••••••.• ,.., -'-"" "'" --
___de Ial Ie ne?) ~che I zKo yljlng dou me1 Ie, h~ wa'n,t-a1
cal Z01.lhUl~4""" ......, '- • v ...., """"" • '-'" '-"
$, v" ~ .,., , VI II I~22,7 Jednoslablcne smerove mod1flkatory j1ne nez lal, qu YD 76
g/II6.1-51 prlpojene k r~znfm zakla1n!m sloves~m (modlf. sloveso je
zpr. v p r v n! vete souvet!)
b/II~.6-71 parove komplementarn{ modlflk~tory prlpojen~~ t~muz opaku~
j{cimu se zakIadn!mu slovesu (posledn! slablka Ctyrslab. vYrazu nabYva
zpr. t6n a pf!zvuk a nakoneo se jeste nejeastejl prlpojuje gramat.
pr{pona Id/)
all. ~axla yd'nj).ngr,(qUxla yi:'njlngr,)ca "1 oat Var. I rnaxla y8'nj).ngr.....-."""" ~
___lal, (quxla y.¥nj'lngr1a1,)ca yl ca. 2.rtagang'til.Q;'angoa,na)I zouchu....,., •""""'"' v. \1 "-' • i1 1:1
, "1 r' .•. - V'''' fi:J ••..
bangongsh, bu•...zhldao (bu~zhl) shang•...n~r~qu....le. ~ta g~ng zoujin~
, 'I "-,, I.' '"voianylngryuan jiu.....you ch~lel~le, wel....shenmevne? ~·.k~renleivle
" r.., '" v"') ,
nl~wei~shenme paoshang~lou (paoshang•...louvqu bU~l~lai?
b/l.me't tian I cone;ybUjU rZO'Ujln zo\fChU (zoujin ZOmh~ d ) I h(o jl .'-"" '"" """ ..........." "-""
'-'" / ..... - '"" ..., - r:,-, """"" "
.......bal rent 2.dlantl huai Ie, me1 tla,n paoshang paox1a d (pashang.,-" ."", >oJ .•••.. '-" ....."
,.,.., 1-" /V r: " " ( "~paxle~d) zhen l~lvsl~le, J,cldlan, jlu•...fang•...zh~r....ba) jluvfangvzal
" '" '" , ,.,.. "zh~r,-,ba.,)nashang naxla.d dU~ mafan I
Dvojslabl~na slove.tvoren~ oslaben~ tonickou az atonlekou
predponou lyY7
al va funkcl zalozek
bl n~ktera ve funkcl jmen casu
I
v v.' •• 13 ••• '" '1--..., - "1
a l.wu ge'""l~balylqian women•...zher laile yi wel xln laoshl, ta x ng
v v '" I "" , \r. /' ,Dong. 2.11ang nlan ylqla.n ta.qule Shanghal, xianzal hal za.lnar n~.• '-'" v. • -..........., """
( " ') "'-, I' '" '" """ta h~l•...zal nar ne. Jota jle-hun yihou b~ chang lal•...1e. 4.11ang .
....ni{n ylh6U I ta•...c~g 11~nlngel~ hu11ai..,le. ~iang ....qlan_k~la;g
, I r, b' ( " """)'"
Ylsh~ng....d ylfu vTO u•...neng mal. nebo t wo b't.....neng mal, ~l""guJ..
6
_' '" - - v @, ,. - v
.j!ntian la1vd dou..,shlsanshiwu sur ylxl~"""dren, m~l""Yousanshlwuv
(,j;) , r: ...., ..." .... .... "I
.....su~ylshang~d •...ren. 7. 11ang"",,ge..,Yueylne1 (lla.ng.....ge yue zh1...,nel)
wo•..•shoudaole s~n feng_xln. 8. rs;;;:n"",tlanY1nel (san tian zh1 n'el)
') ,. r '" - .... ( .... -)' J - ,.ta....yldJ.ngla1.
9. chulev~ma""Ylwal chule,,",,~mawomen••..jla.....d""rend?u""
•• • (zJ r;, ... , ;'... I ,.. .....;'
'-'zal. 1<F.'chule.....rou....ylwal (chule""rou) nl h~lJa.o....mal shenme?
1
" /~ ...., v- '" - '"
b 1.yl'q1an ta xue rlwen, xianzal ye kalsh1 xue zhongwen Ie. 2.ylqlan""" .....,. """'" """ ........, .ilTO bU he p{jlU. xlanZ~l l"'ttnx):'huanhe. (h("lxlhuan hfin{jlu.)v ~ • ....,......... ~
3.yrh~u I ni btiyao rzheme shuo,(zhe vang shuo,) ta hU xrhuan tinge"""• v '-'J"'" J" J- •
4''\ I '" ..• f /V - -.." y'"
• y,hou nl~b~yao j1e ta~d~cld1an, ta~hul bu~gaox;ng. 5.y~ql~n~d
shlr I jlu bie t! la, :;d(ngy'1houd be. ~yrql:n ('1 q1ngnlanr{n \..., .'""" """ • ....,I '-' • .....,
rha'1.....yOu•.•..Xle l(xlang, (var. ha'l~yoUvXlel!Xiang,) yrhgu..fi~ne?
namlst9 slovesa Ivoul byt, eXlstovat.
za Rlovesem ozna uje vec urcitou,jestl1 nominiln(
znamou I
"lo ..",. "''' •••
1.du~mlan..•.8hl youjU) b':.....shl Ylnhang. 2.shangbl9.nr.....shl
-, '" 'II' ""'" -v
WUZ, xltb1anr women..•.zhu. 3.qlanblanr~shl tlel,:,X\~oxln.
sh1•..n'!....d, b{•.•.Shl yOublanr""d.
""
h~lzlmen .....d
4.zuobianr d. .....
YD 79
_ (viz tez §§ 44,1; 45~6; 46,3b) Ot~zkov~ slova ve fUl1kol zd,1rQznel1e
obecnosEi, ve vetach- se z4porkou U slovesa ve funkCi ZdnrAznen~ho
ziporu, V celt1n! se nej~ast~jl vyjadruj! pomoc1 7,ajmen s pt1ponou
-kollv nebo jlnym vho~nym zpusobem, v z~pornych vetach zduraznenyml
zajmeny a n~!810vc1 za~OrnYml.(v1z tez §45,6)
otazkova slova v teto funkcl je trel)Cl.vyslovovat pr{zvuor.~, s ~urazernt
plnl ton1olty, pf'!slovce Idou/, /y~/ u slov~se. naprotl tOITlUmalo pi'{zvucne
af aton1oky
V~tn' ~le"¥, ktere normalne stoj! za slovesem)se v techto vazbQoh
p~esunuj{ mez1 podm't a pr!sudkove sloveso, protoze mus! stat
pfed pr{slovoem /dou/{/ye/)
Otizkov' slova jsou uvedena v tomto pofad!.
al zajmeno Ishei/ kdo
b/ z'jmeno Ishenme/ 00
01 deiktlck~ slovo Ish{nme/ jaky (tel ve spoj~n{ /sh'nme~shlhour/k1y)
dl delkt1ok~ slovo /n~l/ ktery
el ur6en! m!sta Inrrl kde
r/ ~slovl~ lir/ ,kol1k
sl pr!slovce /zenmel jak
hI p1!slovce Iduo/(/duO/) jax (v postaven! pred adjektlvy)
1/ slovo Iduoshao/ ko11k
Pozn. Exemp11f1kace se zaporkou u slovesa jsou oznaceny 1ndexem ~.
I
,. - , ..•. .. -.; , v"
a 1.she1 dou ?h1dao zhe j1an sh~. 2.shei dou you Ie, j1u shl wo me~.you •• ..., ~ v....., • '-' """'" -v '-'" _
J.zhe j1an shl b~ yong shuo, sh{l dou zhIdao. 4.wo sh(1 dou bu xrhuan.~ ~ V" .,."... ••••••• .'-'....,
~,. v 6 3 ,. "" r" •••••
5.wo~dao sh~1~nar dou~~n""qu. .wo~gen.....sh~1 dou",gan da-du. 7.A.
" - .•.. - , '/.'-'"
sh~l""d..,ze.ngb~dou•..neng",yong""rna?Blb~..•.neng, t~-.Jd buyeng.
a.zhe ge re'n I sh{1 d q1a'n dou yu~nY1 n,{. 9 .zh~ benr shu I n1 gel she!
..••.• '"" • "'" ~..." V "W' """'...... •
dOU",ke;.1.10.A. we! gen",shtiidou",k{y1",shuo..,ma'i'B,su{"b1~n. (su{_n1•...b1~n.)
la.zh~ j1an sh\ I sh{1 dou bJ zhld~Ot f"zh(you nr he w~ zhIdao. (zhf vou
v v .""" v""". ~* ~
,/ v - rr ,/ 'wi - ,/ "" ••• '
zanmen 11a zh1dao. zh you zan 11a zhldao.) 2a.she1 dou me1 you,j1u_• ...., 'V. ""'" • ....., '"' •
yo '" l' ..., /.", "'"~sh1 wo you. Ja.zhe shl zu hou d yi benr le, nl she1 dou bie gel 'e.'" •...... v • ...." """ """ ~ • ...", "" ~
-.;# *' -
4a.nl gen she1 dou buyao shuo."" ,-,e """ v
b/l.A.n1 yao n(1 zhong? Blsh{nme dou x(ng.(ne1 zhon~ dou x(ng.) 2.A.v........ • '-'" -- • ......, .....,
l ,. " ... "" 1, - "
nt yao shenme'i' Blshenme dou ~ao. ).wo shenme dou nens ch1, shenme_..... ,..."." .....,.,., . ...., ...." ..& - , " 1,/ ./, ...,"
..,douneng he. 4.zhe zhong ren ba shemne dou neng b1a;'lchengl1yoU..•.. v "-" """'•....... '-' -"'
321dangran
•
- '"~sh1hour dou neng 1a1.
"" ~
~d1an (cong zaoshang
""
.".
dou""keyi
- ,,;' ,,- Y h-'" A 1 ""'1tla.ta~xlanza1 sh~nme~douvbu ....neng chi, zh~_neng ~. r.a. In ge ....a
;' " •....
sh~nme? BIshlnme ....dou bu~ge1vta.
'" "" v"''' - .,...
c/l.shenme ren dou 1ai Ie, j1u shi n~ mel la1. 2.nl sh~nt!le~chedou ....keyl. ""'" .............., ."'...., "'"
" ".... v -'. - - '" - I. h' h ' h 1
zuo. ~ ta shenme j1u dou x~nuan' he, dou np.ng he. ~.Z er s enme 0 ej. • '""" v v • .., • '-"
dou youl dl~nchef gonggong q\che, dlti~, zu~ sh{nme dou k(yY, trng~
~ • ......" • '-". v
" '" - "/'"
.,fan~b1an. 5.Alw~ gen shenme ren dou key1 shuo mR? 31Isu~-blan._ c ....,. "-' '"'...."..".--. •
" -;'
bu n~ng. 6.Aln1 shenme ~hlhour dou neng la1""ma?••... ....,,-..., ....",
;' r ....'''''B2lneng. 7. con~zao 11~_d1an
" v I v " •..••)
11~~d1an . dao~wanshang 11~""dl~n
"1311 sht;n'ne •.•.
..." ,.
dao_wan 11,:""
xu{shengmen
sh1nmeJ=lhlhOur
.... ...
huocheplao •...ma.?
8.AIshenme sh1hour.. _
1a. n1 1a:i wan Ie, rShe'nme,ren dou bU z1.1 Ie. (she'l dou bu l1:a1Ie.)v.v • - ,-,...,I .v ""';-V
3" ,,- '" - , ,
2a.nl ~en shenme ~en dou ble.,shuo. Ja.nl shenme che dou bu nen& zuo Ie,v .....".- """" - • \",00'" ....,..", -...I
Y " '...., /' - ;' 'wi "
y~j1ng guo~le sh1'~r•....d1an, me1 .....che.....le. 4a.ta sh~nme..."j1udou....bu~en~
- ,,,.... - ,,'-' y •• '10 ...,
he. 5a.Zher sh~nmevd1anche dou ....me1vyou, zh~~en~zuo d~t1~. 6a.AI
" ..." I' ,
ni shenme.,shlhour dou bu nen~ lei me? BIWO shenme sh1hour dou bu nenr
• - v"""""'" • ...." '-/V 0
1&1. 7a. "wanshang sh:("dian yih<Su " .sh?nme",xu~sheng do~b\L
- tr·. -" <" , •••
""neng chuqu. 8a. zhe Jl<l y1yuan, shenme sh1hour dou bu neng qu ken""
'-" - • '""" v v -'"
vblngren ma? Bldul Ie, sh{nme sh1hour dou bU n{ng.'-./ ....." . "" '-" '""
d/l.AIWO ne'i t1an nou k{y1 qu ma? Blne1 t1an dou ke'y1,isu!-b1~tn.(su( ...
• "-' '" '-'" '"-' .~ \r",; v #}
" oJ I 1 - ~ ,,"
.....n1~d~b1~n.) 2.Alnl n~1""n1an dou~za1~jia11 ~uo~hengdanjle~ma?
BIWO ne1 nian I rdou
1
z8.1 j1;11 guo. (doli·za1 j1a11 guo shengdanj1{.).-.J """" V '-'" ...",.
r2 J V" ti};,. " v
).AI zanmen (women) shang ne1 jla fanguan~qu ch1 fan? Blne1 j1ar~.~ ~ ~ .~
dOU""k{Yl. I+.jInnian~ d zhongguoJ 1flnyYngr....zhou, \'10 n~1""bu p1anz dOll•....
\ "',/ OJ") '" -vkango. 5.AI nei ge menr (cong nei ge menr dou key1 chuqu.,ma.? Bl• ""' """ • v ...." V
V' ("" " V' - )
n~1....ge dou....key1. nt;1.....ge""'menrdou ....keyl..."chuqu.
, v' ~
la.Alni n~1~t1an dou .....bu.....n~n~ chulal~ma? BIWO n;1""tlan dou"",bu~en~
- . v I " - " "chula!. 2a.Alnl nei nian dou bu za1 jlali guo shen~danjie ma.?.~ .~ ~'~ ~
BldU}J.-c, NO n~\ .."nlanldou~b~ .....neng za1,...,j1ali guo. J.<i. '-za'nmen(t\'omen)
"" , ~ 'i , ~ - n~1""j1a
.....,fal1~uanFdou...•bu....,qu, za1.....wo....,j1~11ch1. 4a.•J!nn1an....,d zhongguo",
''w' - ..." - ~... r:..... '"~dlany~n~ zhou, wo ne1 bu p1anz dou mel ken. 5a. ne1 ge menr (con". ....., ...." """" ..,. .. '-"'" ~
ne1 ~e me'nr) Idou bU neng chuqu me? B:nel ge dou bu x{n~ •.'-" "-" ~ -.,./ ......, ....,. '-'" e/l.A:~h~
zhong zh(wu I zal n~men zh~r (zal nrmen zher
'- --- "" "'" v
zh(wu) I n¥r dOuJou .....ma? BI~r dou....you. 2.2h~ .....Zhong
"-
zhe""zhone
••.•. v I"'"
xlaochour n~.r .
""dou you •.•...
la.zh~ zhong zh{wu I zal women zh~r• v '-" •.........
V ,nar
dou mel you •. ~ •....
v " '::'"
n':r .....dou bu__neng.....~t.4 luyou?
"" , -" { - yo'
ta l~.plan yihou cal neng hu Ial. ta shuo Ie, J~ n1an_ v .....,,;". 'W" '-'" .""""
dOuV'd~n~ta. 2.A1111J~o j'r",pln~ p{Jluf 3:J'!'y{n.r, dou x{ng. 3.A:
n1,",Y~oj'fJh1 b'f? B: Jr..,zhl dou\Jx(ng. 4.Alwo:d pe'ngyou I ner:~__l:i
jr w~1? B.j'! we1 dou k~Y1••v ."""" ....,
la.ta...,shuole I zh'!~yao jle y) ...•t1an, WO.•...shU9 y\ •...tlan bU•....X(ng, 11"ng""
vt1an bu x{ng, jr tlan dod bu x{ng.
"" .'-' "" •.......
B.wU'g~ bu x{ng, jr ge dou" bu x{ng.
""" '-' .¥ ..., '-'
""qrng 11ang wel pe"ngyou laU B: j'i wel dou bu x{ng, lD8:mablng le •..,,'" '-"" . '-" ..""'" ..., " . '"'
g/l.zh'eme xle, 4me xl~, zi'nme•...x1e dou,-,x{ng. (zh~""yangr xl~. ~,",yangr
xle, ne1 yangr x1e I dou x{ng.) 2.zh~ zhong yu I ze'nme zuo dou Moohi.
."'"' "'" -"""" '"" . """ '-'
la.na yangr xle I bu x(ng, zh~ yangr xle I x{ng ma? B.zheme xle y~...,
."", "-"'.v \J 'wI'''
/' v v" v .3" -..... "
...•bu xlng, zenme yle dou bu hao, n1 bu hU~, rang ta xle 00. 2a.zhe...".., • v- ...,...., """""". ....,. '-" •
••I'" "r - - y, ...,zhong
yu .zenme"",zuo wO dou bu""xlhuan. (wo dou..."bu...,Xl.huanohi.)
.fit,) '" '" ""'" ,;' - t -... y
h/~zhl yao neng zhu ren, duo ~lao d fangjlan ta ~ou yao. 2.zh~ yao~'-' ...,...., .""'" '-" ~ ,,-,. '"""
fill' .., '- ,........ -.....,
.....neng ma1dao, dU~...fiUJ.ta""dou\Jma1.
,;',. - v 'v y ...,la.du~""p1anY1
wo•...dou•...bu""mal, wo bU...,x;huan. 2a.zhl....,.yao...,.sh1w<]....,shuo...,d.
duO du) 1 ta dou bu tinge )a.zh'l' yao ni jlntlan 'a1~ duo ri'n dou~
.v "'" v '-" '-" '-' t..r e"",
,
wel shenme•...
2a.A.wo •...zhl •...yao W¥~e x(ng~bu •...Xlng?
3a.A.m{ngtlan ~nShang , wo keYl~
",mel..,guanx1.
1/1.A'Zh~..,..ge fe10hang hB.'o, j1u shl gu'l. B.zh'r' yao h~o, duoshao q1an
• v. ""'" • "-'
- '" 1 - - ..• 1 .; -r. ....
wO•...douJao. 2.gen...,ta,",shuo duC?shao hua, dou.....shi bai •....shuo, ta""t~ble
" •.••.• v. - ,. 1 .•••
ben. (ta t;vben.) 3.n1_ge1...,wo du~shao ...•q1an wo•...dou.....bu~qu.
q 23,1 (IIe.1-5) Vyjadren! mlnuleno casu kontextem YD 80
1 ' - ... .•.. V"'" \ •...•
1.ta",ylqlan shi~~ngren, xianzal~shl ~nbu. 2.11ang~nlan ylqlan ta h~n~
.3 - " •... "I ".., .., /, 1
~xlang •...qu zhongguo y.a.nJmn, xianzfl ke"'bu....x1ang•...qu..,le. 3.x1ao.•...shl.hour
y :5 _ "'\ ••.• " If- •••..••• "\ "
wO"YJ.wel women",jia,\Jd men henvd~ hen....da•...d, xtanzal....kan b1ng.•...bu'""da•
./ --."..-. ... ,
4.qlantlan ta.•...shuo ta....yao~lal, j!ntlan you•...shuo b~....lal.•...1e.
~23,1 pokrac. Slo,,-~sna pripona /goL pro vyjadr'en! de'je
a/IIo.1-21 minuleho (nebo davno mlnul~ho)
b/II~.J-41 v minulostl prlpadne 1 opakovaneho
I
,.".... ".,. - ,£J"
a l•.wo•..z~o•..)lu kango hongloumeng. 2.ta""m'!1.•...xuego zhongwerr; xuego
,,,, -", "/,, -" ....,
riwen. 3.ta m~l",zal daxue xuego•...zhongwen, keshl
~'\ ,. /..... - (j).., V",J)
""'l+. wo pengyou met qugo zhongguo, keshl hen xfhuan
'-'" " ~ .""'"
b/l.wo cO"ngqian zal Beijing zhUgos chlgo hen duo 01 kR'oya. 2.Alwo.~•••••• ~ ...., ,,\,.II •...qugo
h(o....jlv
cl CMngcheng, nl•...q~gO'-"ma? Blqugo, WO•....Zh'!....q~o y!,""oL
- - ....
hut shuo zhongguohua.•... .- (1)
zhongguo.
~2J,2 Slovesna p~lpona Il~ pro ozna6en! deje uskute6neneho
a/llc.l~21 v minulost1 (ve v~t~ je obsa!eno 1 ur!en! !asu, odkazujfc!
do m1nulost!)
b/II~.3-41 v minulost!, uakute~n~n! d~je je ozna!eno prave jen pf{ponou
Ilel
c/II~.5-81 v m1nulostt, trvaj{c!ho urd1tou dobu
d/II~.9-111 v minu1ost!, po n~~ nasledoval d~j jlnj, vyjadfeny nasledu~
j!c! v~tou hlavn1, zpr. s vhodnYm pfis10vcem u slovesa,nej6astAjt Ij1hl
e/II~.12-141 v bUdoucnost1, po n~mz bude nas1edovat d~j j1nf. Tyjadfenf
nasleduj!c! vetou h1avni, zpr. s vhodnYm pf{slovcem pted slovesem,
napr. 1,11u! J~!§.1! atd. .
a/1.wo~zu6tlan IDafile_Yi_gezhongguO~dtany~ngr, f~lchang¥hao. 2. ta
qunlan jlele..,hiin,(qy.nlan I tao..J.1ie"lehun,) j\nnlan I jlu"y~ule 'rz. J.
l1~ng tian yiqlo(n 1 wo gel ta xie'lex1n, jlnt1an cat jlchuqu. (jlntlanv -' v • ""'" •
ca1 fachuqu.)~
b/l.w('ge1 xtaoxl I malle.....Yl~ge w~wa. 2.1aoshl I zal...,he11:WinSl18ng\
v. l" .,. 1" - --
xlele y!::fie..)'!'z. J.wo....gel,.,tamencMngle~Y1,-,ge zhongguo""ger, tamen
gel~WO I changle.....yl..,gejifke.....ger. 4.ree1me1 tiaoleJl ....ge jl~keW.
If ..,- I'" •• "" " ;'; {
c 1e ta....zal Be1j1ng zhule y1....nlan•...:~n. 2.wo..•.a1ren cal.....xuele y ..fie..,
'" , '" It - " - v - yue""d
j1ewen, hal.....bu....hul shuo•...hua. J.ta....,shuale11ang~t1an lfUZ, henv
" -" I Yo J •• - .." Y,,,1~1,.
4.1aosh1 he...•xueshengmen dengle....y1....hu1r d1anche, daga1 deng1e
sh{ fen zhong1
ba, d1anche j1u 18:1lee 5.wo..shuole 'Mn..t1an. ta M1sh1-v "-" '-' "" - - .....,•
bUJ1~ng.
d/1.na1na1 malle plao I j1u shSng huoche zou lee 2.d'ld1 chIle fan
'-". ...." '" ."" . '-'
j1u chuqu lee J.:aa1 1aoshl I 1a1 k'an 1e kan, j1u mi'shangyou z(S"u1e.
v """ 'tJ v.v"'" '"' '"'
e/1.d'ldl ohile f~n jlu zou. 2.n1 ma11ep1ao zal sh~ng ohet J.n1 mal1~.• """....,; v • ..., V .•
I" ,,....pl~o
ca1~neng s~~ng....ohe.
a/llc.l, 2, JI u sloves s "prazdnym" (forma1n{m)ptedm~temse pr!pona
11el klade mene ~asto
b/II~.la, 2al u teoh!e sloves, je-11 pfedmet n!jak bl{ze urcen, se
pr!pony Ilel pouz!va jako u j1nych sloves
1
... I 1 ~ ••• •.•. ...
a l.shang-k~~dV'sh1hour tamen....l1ang~~e tal houb1anr lao.....shuo.....h~.
laosh! prp1ngle...•ta~en. 2.Alzuotlan..,wanshang nl...•ZuO...•Shfnme...•la1Zh?
(nl ~n ma lalzh?) Blahul j1ao lalzh.""'"'""• ...., v • OW'
b/l.n1~zal'-'nr .....d xla'obe'nrshang IrX1ele"Jl~e Sh{nme~z\r?(xlele..,x1e shinme?)
2.bebs gen~m8msI shuole""jr~ju haa, by""zhideo shuo..,d...•shi ehenme.
3. xingqi tien (ll'bsi tiin) Iwo n'r..,ye""meiv'qu,shul1e""ri .....tisn'l ji'o.
~23,3 (II~ .1-5) V~tn~ ~~stice /leL
l.zuotian z80shang xie1e""xue, jfntian z80shang you xie..xue..le. 2.~ ~. --
"h- .. r"", v' • oJ , (~l .•....') ....;'" .
q~c e w0....Y~J~ng~ao-x~~n~e. bao eV'x1~~e. 3.wo buV'P~""ta,Wo...•y1J~ng
be'o-xien Ie. (baole xian , e.) 4.wo v'i'jing bu x.(na Ie, nY.en..chi ba.• ...., "" • ~ ~ '" ~-o" __....,
5 ...,.. b '" 1 ..." .• b 6 v.. b -" , '".wo..,y~J~ng u_x!D8•...e, n~menvqu....s. .wo...•y~J~ng u..,x~ng..re,nl.1len
...
•.... l.zuo.....ba.
~23,3 pozn. Slovesn~ pfipona (leI po slovese tyouL YD 85
1.wJ~en youle ....qi'n Ijiu'Jtu Zh~nggu!2 2. jieke ...•xueshengaen I xiaDzai
'" .- 1\,"", d h- "'. 3 ,) 1 '" I" I ., .
youle•....Jihui •.ey1 ao",z 9ngguo",quxuex~. .woJlenJ"~u ~ X1&nza1
youle dientt. dejia dou"'hen•...geoxtng.
~23,4a (II~.1-5) L1~po slovese ns konci
kdy! n~sleduje ds~~ta teho! souv~ti
1. rwo shuole (wo shaowBnle) I ni~ zei ehuo.~. ~. ~ ~
YD 86
v~ty je slovesnou pfip~nou.
..,vong jie'jie d. 3,. xi~oxi 18"ile" . "'" .
1'" h":" "h' ••..Yo 1
a08 ~ y~ ou Y!~ZgU~e.
you ZO'Ule. 4.xul8hengaen zoule \.•... .
~23,4b Lle/ na konci y~ty je vttnou ~estici. je-li pfipojeno
a/II~.1-2: k noaine1niau ~leDu YD 81
b/II~.3-f: k ~~t~ s aodelnim slovesea ,
c/II~.8-12: k Tit! se zeporkou /but nebo /b~ao/ u Sloy-e8a
d/II~.13-16: k pfisudku, vyjed~en~mu~is1ovkovou Tazbou
e/II~.11-22: k p~isudku, vyj'dfen~.u edjektivea
8~WO~en..,dxiao",oa'er 1 Yljing",shi xifojie..,le. 2. ~e~wei xiyi t
xianz1i rve..shi zhongyI le.(ye hui zhongyI le.) 3•.zh~rlc6ngqi8n~ - . ~ ~ . ~
shenlle dou .ei vou3
, nenzei you hen duo huA'r, hen due shu lee• v '" V' J4 v •. '-olI .'"
b/l.A:ni'd xue'sheng ryl'jing hui shuo zhongguohu8le aa?(nebo: yl'jingV' "" J. ...., .v """
, - - ... )",..~ lr ....·· h' -1
hUtoJshuozhongguohu8~ev.a? B:y~uvJ~v8e Y~J~ng u~..,shuo....e.
(
Y • • " ) •••• 1r'" 1 .3 kV' • '" 1 1i:J h' "
y~J~ng hU~Je. 2.X~8~~....e, n~aen !y~....zou'V'e. :r;z !",yeng",xue,
rdejie jiu..,dou..J/uan,yixue•...1e. (nebo:dajii jiuJ1~u'yu8nyi xue.....le.)
4.zai gu'y{ ge vue, gua 'jiu neng chi le. 5.daoz 8ho."u..1e, ke'yi geJe." • ....,...",ItI - V'....... _
, . •...1 d'" t b' J.;'. 1 . hO
b B h..... J ••
c/l.ta~ wan e, aga~ a u a~.. e. 2.A:~n c ~ al : ao, wo J~U• v "'" "'. - '" •......, ....,
... I 3 "., 1 t/ • ·1" '0
bU' keqi le. 3.y\1 yijing bu x~a e, ni key~ chuquJlanr ....1e. 4•.t8....ha~......,. v """.""'..." •
" v' ". "tal
xla,o, 'buyao ma ta Ie •• ..., v'
/1 ,/ v \. - "y -, ,
d .~...,dlan•...le, kual xla-~n •...le•. 2.yeye y~jin~ bashl';r...,sul....le, b~~
h"" h- , J t ,'" 1 I 3 " " 4 3 , ,p
an~ c uqu~e. • a-rai e y1jln~ b8n~nl~n~e. .Atni:A~lsunz
jr sul Ie? Blsh{'~r Ie. (shf'~r sui 'e.).0",./ •••..•... • "-" • '-' .....,.
!k' - -". ..; ''V' .••
e ual ch~~ba, tan6~ao 11~ngv'le. 2.yln!sal z~o~qu, ~n~le, ren~1u~
- 'yl' ~duo~le.
).zai roul~ fan! dlanr ca1 jiu haoeht 'e. 4.ehl.1evao,"-' . """" -.,./. """" ~ ....",.,
b\nglJiu ~o Ie.•.... •....
S2J,4c (Ie! na konci v~ty je slovesnou prlponou 9. v~tnou ~ast1c{
zaroveK YD 88
a!IIc.l-}1 je-l1 pripojeno ke slovesu podm~tovemu
b!IIc.4-5~ je-11 predmet slovesa p~echodneho anteponovan, tj. u~{sten
p~ed pod~etem, nebo uveden pfed ~lovesem porooe!prepoz1~n!ho slovesa
!ba! nebo vyrozum!va-11 se ze souv1slost1
c/II~.6-8 I je-l1 sloveso v pas1vn!m vfznamu
a/l.zhe~&e~d1an,rn&r
- 3 \
~ ye~me1vyon~~le.
zu'lh6u I ta ha:1sh1l£i.,Ie.
~ . -" ...
ta ha1sh1 qu Ie.. ~
lv\ '" - •••• -\" - 3 ...
b/l.d j1u ke xueshen~~en dou hu~.~e. 2.tang wo bu he Ie, w~phl.~a1.e'-' ....., - ....., V' '-" - --.
J.ta xlyl bu xu, Ie, xuI' zhongyI le .If.zlxln&chewo bU'~1 Ie, wo h8:'1•....""" .•....•.. "",. '-' •....... ....,.'"
yao lq{ nee (yon~ ne.) 5.sh{ n1an vlq1~n I ta t1ao-wu la1zh, x1anzal'"" • '-"" • ~ ......,T~ '-/' _ ""'"
"" - •.•..... ""
bu tlao Ie, jlao wudao •......, '-'" .
o/l.zlJdou x1;"hao Ie. 2.c(dla'n I dou ~lwa'n 'e.V·V' ......."..~
" v .., - vtiJ '" hen
bu hao, hen duo ~en dou zou Ie. Z;ble ku 1e,v v v ~ ....."• '-" '""'• ...r--
J.rkilshl'(kalshl'd shrhour) I ta bu xlanila"'l,. . ....,/ ~ '-" ""'"
4I"k8:1shl'(kalsh1 d shfhour) I ta.btixlanl• ., '-'....", v '"""
••• 'It'"
qu, zU~V'hou
§2J,4 pozn.
pt{pona Ilel
tendence
a/II~.1-4, ve v~tgch s del~{m rozvinutfm predmetem se klade jen
slovesna prfpona Ilel
b/II~.8-10r je-Il v~ta s predm~tem u slovesa prvn! v~tou souvet!
podradneho, klade se jen slovesn~ pripona Ile/
c/II~.II-l)r ma-ll pfedmet u sebe ~fslovkoveurcenf, klad~ se jen
slovesn~ prfpona (je to jen zVlastnf pt!pad odd!lu a/)
d/II~.14 ••16Ima-11 pt'edme"tu sebe ~1s1ovl:ove'urcen! a "fpov~d" dale pokra~uje,
klade se slovesna prfp./le/ 1 vetna castice Ile/(tato
posledn! bfv~ fakultatlvn!, obsahuje-Il vlta pr!slovce Iy!jlngl
e/II~.5-71 ve v~tach s holym predm~tem se slovesna prfpona Ile/ neklade
nebo je fakultativn'!,ne konec v~ty se klaae v~tna c~stlce /le/
(povlnne tehdy, nenf-li vyjadrena slovesna pf!pona /le~; obecnou tendenc1
je tedy kladenf vetne castice a fakultatlvnost slovesne pr!p./le/
I ,. 3 "" Ie:, It '" , ••
a l.zuotian women~11an!~~e kanle~l~bu hen~chfng~ddianyrn~r.(kanle
hen.•..c~ng .•..d•...Ylvbu••.dlanyrngr.) 2.wo•...shuShU \ mile vi ge hen Q"Itl d I
~ ..., ~-.v
bEll ha -.. 1Z) 1 v "'''
• vS lrvd shugu1. Ji"tamen...,P9-o1ehen.•..ch~ng..•d..,lu.
/® - I '''' ... '>, ... " - ... v •.•
b I.gege kan~qanle dianshl jiu kan hao. 2.mama zuohaole fan, jiu..... • ~ v. "". V'
~lao..,1'lO''nenlai chI. .3. b~ha I chlwa'nlef~n, jlu he'){jiu. h. ta dR"Ofanle
"-" - . . '-'" """'~. ."'i' h' ,- "'..-'.: - v ~
'~an.ua jiu chuqu Ie. 5.ta erz jiele hun, jiu 'joulehaiz. 6.ta d~le....•• '-" ~ ....., ..., . """'
" ... •..
dianhua, jiaolevyl""liang rchuzu. (chuzu qlche.).• ....". l
c/l.ni bl{...;shUo.•.•~!wo""genvta ko\).e""yl...,..gewanxl~o. ~.baba he~~h1ishu
y\qr I hele sh!",le.i""Plnl"!J1'jlu.J.N'(,,~~lrir:nen""binI liule ~rshl""
of... ••• "
vzhang plao, g~u~bu~gou?
d/l.gano·ca1 I wo yrjlnglgen ta kaile y1 ge h~nxlao leg n1 ble zal quo ••.... "-'....... ""'"'" '-" • ...., .....,,;
1 - '" " - vI - ..1. /' '-" ,,_
gen ta ke.lwanxlao Ie. 2.zhongwu ni...,helevi ping p~jiu ,e, yeo he,'OJ "'" '-'" • ,,v '-' ....r ""
- y"" .J "" /,V
wanshang za1~he~ba. 3.wo~y~jlng youle~yl~benr j1~-han~c1dlan~e.
xl~nza1 xuyao~d""sh1 h8.n~ji{~e1d1a'n. 4.zhongw n1.•..y!j1ng hele Y1~in12
pfj1U, y'8.ohe, wanshang za1 he ba.~ .~. ~ ~
e/l.Ami~h~ lffire1....1e""ma? Blmft,.]ou.~o he"""ChiJe. (wo.•..hele en!.)
- 3 r:" ",,, " " r: 3 - (3
2.mama yij1n& zuClhao....•.fan..).e.(zuohaole\Jf~n.) 3. n1men~C'ht.,:ba,l!llmen•....
r: -, -" r - "....qYng ba,) wo eh1 fan Ie. (wo ch11e fan Ie, wo ch11e fan.) 4.wo• """'" e,,-, '-'" • --...." '-"'. \wi'
~ ~ If: '" - ..-: - . v
pengyou""d erz yrjln~ jle-h~n,-,le(yrj1n!: j1ele..,h';1l1e.) 5.ta y~jlng·
r" " ..... 3'" ••• )"" ••• "
~el me1mel dao Shangha1 (gel ta Shangha1 d me1mel dale d1ancao__le."-" ~ v"" v v--
tI'. - ~ " - ,
6.Aawo gel n1 yl bel eha ba. Blml, wo hele cha Ie."" "" -' e....... ~ ., ....,
~ 23,5 Slovesna pr!pona lIe,! ve vetach s predmetem um{st~nfm za
slovesy nemodlflkovanyml a modlflkovaniml YD 90
a/II~.1-4.ve v~taeh s jednoslablcnym1 nemodlflkovan{ml slovesy je
pro vyjadrenf ukon6enostl d~je pou~lto slovesnl p~ pony Ilel
b/II~.5-8t v analo~lekyeh vetach se slovesy modlflkovanyml (a! jlt
sm~rove nebo vysledkov~ - arov. dale ~25) je slovesn' p¥{pona
fakultatlvnl
PTl vlo~enf p~edmetu mezl jednotllve slo~ky mod1f1kovanyeh sloves
pozorujeme u sloves s predmetem nelokatlvnfm tyto tendenoe.
e/1Ic.9-12, 15-16. jednoslablane zakladnf sloveso prlbfra prfponu
Ile/, je-ll vlotenfm predmetu odd~leno od modlflk'toru Ilal/,/qul
(II~"9-12) nebo dvojslab1cnyeh smerovych mGd1f1kator~ (II~.15-16).
Zustane-ll zakladnf sloveso s mod1flkatorem pohromadl (IIe.9-12.
varlanty v zavorkaeh, a II~.15-16, varlanty Q~!stene na p r v n ! m
m!ste v zavorkach), je ovsem prfpona Ilel fakultatlvn!, srov. vYse
pod bl
iIII~.15-16, varianty um!stefte na ~ r u hem m!st~ v zaverkach a
jo-Il ,fedmft Tlozon mezl z'kladn! gloves.. p ~ 1 p 0 j e n 0 U
~rTft! slablkou modlf1katoru a koncove elementy Ilal/i/qu/. slovesna
pffpona Ilel se u£ neklade
U sloves s predmetem lokatlvn!ml
e/IIc.1J-14~ 17-19. slovesni pf!pona Ilel se neklade. ale na konec vety
se klade v~tna ~astlce Ile/. CPoznamka. U predm~tu lokatlvn{ho v kladen!
slovesne prlpony Ilel nenf tedy rozd!l mezl vazbami kdy lokat. predmet
je vloten mezl zakladnf sloveso a modlflk4tor Ilal/,/qul - srov.IIc.lJ-
14, a vazbaml s lokat. predm~tem vlotenfm mez1 zakladn! s~oveso s pflpojenou
prvn! slab1kou modlfikatoru a koncove Ilal/,/qul. slovesna
pr!pona se v ohoj!ch vazbich neklade.)
/
" •.•. 'll - ••••• -, "/' "I
a l.ta.....popo l~o""you""b~ng.chile hao~x1, yao. 2.wo~melmel y~~e~lbal
" - "Yo ./" '" I" ...
qu~anle s~n~e1_dlany~ngr. ).wo pengyou jlelevql~n yao~qu zhongguo.
4.wo xu;le zhe ke1zai xue nel ke.'" • .." . '-' ...."......, • "vi
b/l. rwo ~nwan (wo k8.nwanle rn.:wo k~mn(n le) zh~l fenr ~o I Jiu Jl~...,wi '-"" \wi ....., •
...,gel""ml. 2. r-woxiehao xln , (WO.)tl e'ha01e...,xln• rneboI WO...,xie'hao1exln.) n1:
Jiu ge1 lfO fachuqu. ). rmamazuohao ylfu. (mamazU~hao1~,ylfu.) n1
l
Jlu.., '-'. . . - "-'
ke'yl chuan let 4. rXueshendllJenxu{hao hanyUJ(xueshengmen xuehao1e hanytl.)""' ·'6' ......", VI
J1u~ou""xIwang qU""zhongguogongzuo.
/
@ oj '" I r.' .1 oj.... " 2. oj"
C I.wo x1ao erz da11eJl ge x1ao k!ren~la1.(da11a1......YI ge x1ao k~ren.
rMlla11eJl~e Xl~o k!ren.) 2.wo pengyou Jle-h~. rwo songle..,yl""J1an'"
ll'wu qu. (wo...,sonEMu"'ylJlan l'!wu. rwo....-songquleyl""jlan,).l"wu).
d/l.ta dakal gulz} rru(Chuyl"""j1an y!ru.).al. (nachulai Y1 j1anJ!fu.
rnachulalle y1 jl~n ylfu.) 2.tS: o:ong shujle.rshang \rna'x1a "1 benr flhU..,"-' "-,,,.. ....., . ..., """" ......,- ...).a1. (na'xlala1 yl, _ben~shUt rna"'x1alalle y1 benPJshU.)- ....",. ~ .....,..
e/l.m8'1 shlr. wcrljluhu{ j1a qu la. 2.sh~ng ge YU~. ta hu{le "1 c1 .11&,"-'. "-'" ""................. • v""""" ....,.,...,
, 'I.... L' 'I"" r" y: ••.
zhe1 ge vue ta "ouhu~qu let ).wo kanJ1a~.ta· zouJ1n dlan1~ngryuan_\..,1""""'- "-"". ...." '-'. -- •
.....qu.).e.(dl&ftTt'ngryuanl1 quJe.) 4.shAnshang U1 le'ng, renmen dou pS'oX1&
• v . '-""• .."
'\ ....." ,shan qu Ie. .s.q~ d ta paohul sushe..,qu Ie •• """ ",.,., •••••... ..." V • ....,
YD 91
a/II~.1-6a zaporka Imel/ pro slovesa oznacuj!c! konkretn! dej (pohybovan!
se. manipulacl s predmety. prem!s~ovan! apod.). v6etne sloves
razovfch
b/II~.7-1.s, zaporka Ibul pro slovesa oznacuj!c! dusevn! pochody. c1tova
hnut! apod., v~etn~ sloves modaln!ch
c/II~.16-19a zaporka Ibu/ 1 pro slovesa d!jova. pokud jde ° dij trvalf
nebo pravldelne se v m1nulost1 opakuj!c!
d/II~.20-2Ja zaporka /me1/ pro slovesa se slovesnou pr!ponou Igo/
11 ta "1 h ,- 13d h.1 h" Ih" 2 "".3 - J "
a •. m! 8 uo~n...... s enme ua ua. .wo m;1..,nanl dJJhu. nt,qu wen•...
......•en bleren bat 3.wo me1 da1 ya'njlngr. bU neng tan bSO. 4.Alnl xr~.• v • ...., v '-" •...t6u
le ma? Barme1 x'! to'u. (wo.,me!xl' to'u.) shl yu lin d. 5.wo me1.\",/ ""'" •••..••.""'" -e'-" oJ """" """.owI v-"""'"
-.:tint mima..,d""hu!.mamasheng-q)Je. 6. wo.,;m(1.....sheng nr,,)1..,ql. sheng
" ~ 3 - ••. ,"'~~.
7.zuotian womendou qu le, nl we1 shenme mel qu? 8.zuotlan.'""'" "'-" .""""" ...."
-" , "'" ~...., "d?u....la1.....1e, nlw!l shenme mel~al? 9.n~1vci mei.....qu. zhe1....-o1youvme~
..lii. Zh~ buJC1e.nghuS.. 10. I!hfi""Shuo wO....,lCei •.•..~ongxi...,qu.)e? rwo zr.ei qu~ ~ •..•.
kei hul <;u le. 11.Joint iBn WQ
v .'-'" '-"
shang ban.
rnA'i..,aongxi, (wo II1fi .....IL~i .dongxi .....c;~,)
h6i rnei lran •.iien ta., dsgei te mei 18,i
'-'" ~~ . '-' -' '-'"
" l''''~''' '-"" v,.."b!l.nel""shlhour women~yong""d b~...,shl~lubu.shl~ely~n. 2.muqln congqlan
•• v -" ., 3 II' V 3'" "
b~""shl laoshl, shl....d~lru. 3.zuotlan wo""quvzh~O~:L. nl....bu,..,z~l.nl""shang....,
v;>" / '" V ,
.....~r~qu.).e. 4.ta""lal"..A..shlhour sh-;nme dou...,melJou.wo b~.J1eng bu .
- 5. '" " " - I " ". - " I....bangzhu ....ta •• zuotlan ta""bu~yl shuo ta...,mel....,qlan.Jlntlan lal~Jle
zh( MO shuo ••....
'" '/" 'wi' ••• "\ " " . "c!l.congqlan
zher b~....mal......1lu. zhr....mal Ch~. xlanzal. zher sh-;nme...,dou.....mal.
/ ,,'" - ...• " ...."" ~ "
2.congqlan wo pengyoubu nhl zhongguofan, xlanzal hen al chl. 3. zhe..'"' ....,-"" v..-" ,...", 'I.' " ,~zhong .....sh:Lr. ta cong1l1 bu....gan. xlanzal ta....,sh~nme""douvgan.
,) "oJ -1/ - - "....,
d!l.womeh d Jleke laoshl mel hego zhongguo huang.1lu•...., . '-" ."""" ....,
"'I. "-,,. v" .•......zuogozhevyang""d""Sh:L. 3.mama m~l malgo zhe zhong.Ji0ngxl.
- ...• ""
ylnggal dao",r!fr,,;qumal.
§2).7 p{zac! Tetz se sloveslum{stenYml v mlnu10stl YD 92
a/1t6.1~6. TitT S t&zao!ml sloTY
b/II6. 7-12. ot8zky tTorene Tetnou 6astlo! lmal /. .
01116.1)-11. o~zka tTorena p~lpoJen!m T(razu Imel~you/(zpr. s ob8ma
slablkaml nepr!zTUenfml at atonlckfml) na konec v~ty
1 ". J' 3" / ® " ,-a 1.A.shel 1al 'e? B.wo d tongxue. 2.A.n1 shang shel na~,qu 'e1• ..."...".. vv. ..." ."-'" - .."","
"'/ It , "" .It)
Blshang...,wo~tongxu!J1&rqu::,le.lwo....,shang.....wo tongxut;yar qU.:.J.e. ).A.
,,- ", "( "" ) 4 ••. - "q],che~d sh!nme hualJe1 B,zN!-. z~ hual 1e. .AlqJ.che"",dsh!nmev
vdltangr hual 1e? B.zm(.(zh& husl 1e.) 5.A.nl he1e shenme p{Jlu?"" .. "-' """. .....,
,,- 2. ~ !It',...4 "1. - 6 .••..
B1.wo m!l"",heshenme ....pJ.jlu. 82lwo sh~nmeJljlu dOu.Jllel....,he..A.nJ....,.,d
..., " It - ". "" \ /' •.•• '
n~l""gevdldl qugo~hongguo? Bln~i....,ge.....dJ.dl ye...,melqugo, w~ qugo. 1.A.
- .... I '-" /-......... "" r.' ,
zhongguo mal1e nel xie jieke dianyJ.ngr? B,mal1e walhulJuanr he...,
.'-' '-"
...ann(ng ("Bony a kl1d"). hai mallerm1ren d aima ("Bo~sk8 Ema").. ........"-' ....."
! ' 3 "" ,..." "" )
b 1.A,nl alren ylj1ng zoule ma? B11ha1 mel ne.(hal mel zou ~e. 82 •....., • 'wi v."""" • .....,.....,
z,rozo~'e. 2.Aan1 d~lle yanjlngr le ma? Braiya, wo mIl d~l; ~ng 1e......"....,.... ...., • "'" '-"" ,. v • .___...."
J.A.nl"xfzao"le .....ma ?(neboln1""x~z~o ..}e-./ma?) Brha1 mi1"",ne•.~shang qu•...:d·.
- J vo,'..... 3 - v",,-
4.Arn1 Ch~go womenvd tUdourb~ng....,levma?Blyljlng chlgo""le. h!n""hiochl.
- v ., '-"
5.Aln1 ch~b8.01e ma? Blxle....,xle.~o....,.,le~o le.
• 2" '\ .." \ /. ~ or· v" {1.1 "..",
c/l.Alnl gel d1d1 xle x;nv
le me1vyou? Blxlevle, z~0,-"yrj1ngjJ.zou~e.
~.Aln1~qu .•...zhOngguO, chIgo noya....,melvYOu? Blh~'"'kexl, m~\ .."chIgo. J.AI
" •• YD 93
~23. 7 pozn. (II~12.2 6.19-22) OUiz" tvorena yfrazem /shlkbuxshl!
v postaveni pred slovesem nebo adjekt1vem
1.Adaosh!. il1{n sht ..,bu sh1 l~l,""le? (J1ebo: nln sh'1 bu•....shl l~l"""le?
rnin l~1 1e ba?) Bla. me'1guinx1. 2.Alta shl. bu shl za1 zhongguo xue'.,
• '-'" "'"' '-" '-' V' ""' •
.. zhongvI? B1ZhongyI I xly1 I ta dou xu,. y!g~ng xue bEl nla:n. ).Alnt- ., "-'• '-"" v • ...,
sh\. bu shl to'u teng? Blsh),. te'ng s1 lee""*"'..., • """'" • "wi' •••••
" ., ")J! " {)f ! JIf.
~24.1 Anteponovan~vetny clen. tj. nomlna1n clen v postaven pred
podmetem. je vyji en YD94
a/lI6.S-'1 pOdstatnim jme'nem.bl!le urcenfm delktlcttm slovem
b/II~.1-41 delktlckYm zajmenem nebo delktlck,fm slovem s numeratlvem
nebo merovou jednotkou
" "'" 13 ....., ..• "ll ••• - ••••• la/l.nel jlar tanguanr womenbu ~u. tat gul. lee 2.Alnel ge gOl1QU&nr• '-' ...." ""' • "-' "'wI' ""'"
.•.• ,. Ii) .•••.• ., _ _ *"
nl",J:nq,ugo",ma? Blhal",mef"jlnq,ugo. zhe•....d&gal sh1.....seX!n d"gongyuanr•....ba.
,. -" "V v...'?:J.A:ntt..,buplanz nl ~nle melJou? t!b1e h&o. n1 del q,u 1c!n. Bssh~•..••.
,
Wo....y!dlng q,u.Ja1n.
/
r:'" ('" I ....;: •• ,."... ,. .•.
b 1. zhe zhelge> wo bu ml.ngba1. 2.zhel tlao"Yll tal da. wo bu 7&0.• -"",,, v ...,. .."
r nel....t1a§>bU""'d.8....bu""Xl~0""dwo..•..7&o~(WO:7aonel .....tlao bu..)1~J>U""Xl~O•....d.)
r:' 3 -" 3 - , 3 -" )
).AI zh~lvge nl bu chl. n,l,.;ge nl•....bu ch1. (Zh! nl bu ch1. n~ nl bu""'chl.)
nl",chl1
Sh(nme? Blsh!nme....7e~bu.....Chr jlu ....._n..).e.
YD 95
~24.2 (It~.1-3) Anteponovanf c1en Jedne vet7 v ~otlkladu kanteponovan~mu
c1enu nebo piidmltu vlt7 jln' (pfedch&ze~ct nebo ~sleduJ{c!)
l"Cha ta xl'huan he. kite1 ta.~bUr'l'huan. 2.Aanrmen ql'np:le ne-l ge gege?• v v • -...,- .v ...
..•...•I,) ..., 'lI": ••• J ,... Bsd!ge
wo.en mel"Cll.ng. ~rge women....q,tng""le. 3.A.n1men.....q,l'ngle d!gev
"-.) /, Yo J Yo .••• - •••••••••• I .....
....le....ma? Bld!ge women",mel",q,l.ng.women.....Cll.ngle !rge. 4.h\lfllgjlu wo Ile~v
.... ..... ....." I v;:..... •..•I ...........".
",ma1zh!'0. b!-IJlu wo mal1e 71Ju.ngr. 5.h~ngJ1U wo mel•....ma1zht0' wo .
""1"1 1 ~ J 6 " oJ ••. ••. - - r: /
". e 7 p~ng ~1Jlu. .chU!-n wO",bu",zuo.wo zuo te1J~. wo m!t...,10uname",
"duo sh(Jlan. Cw0
3
dJ3h{jlan bu duo.) ?A.nfmen 70U ltZlsh~ ma? B"slt-Z1shu~ ...,,; oJ. '" •
.J "oJ { "
womenmet you, you 1 shu...•..... ~ ..., .
,-,you, l{shu wo\ten me'l you.. '"" •...
....,me'l you , zh( you 1'\ ki.
'-' ....".~
3 11":..... '11":'" 3
8.A.nlmen you l~zlshu ma? BJ1~ZlShu women~...., ...., .
'.A:nr'men you san ke" l{shu mal8:san k; w~men....."""'" ......" "'-" . .\,;
~24,3 Anteponovani clen ve vete YD 96
a/II6.1-31 s modlflkovanym slovesem
b/II~.4-71 se sloTesem, ku kteremu je prlpojen nepr!mi predmet (bucr
bezprostredne nebo pomoc! postpoz16n{ho slovesa /gel/)
a/l.w~-..-d q1che. wOJlle\",k&llal, .o'-'k&llal d rshi'J'6oJn~'er~d (shi w6-.p~'e.;r-.•••.d
~ - v'" 3"" ~ I •. /'''' q1.che.)
wOd hual",le. 2.wo A c~dlan wOJllel....•n~lal,wang zal j1~ll 1e.
r .... " ., " ~, ... /. I /
keyl jle wo (keyl jle gel WOI kan lean ma? 3.zhe yang d ren wo hal"-' v '-" • v \wi' • ....,." '-"
.....me'l kanjlango, Jlnt1an shl ....d\yl cl.# ••.••
b/l.zuot1an gel yeye 311al d qlan I wo yl'jlng rgel ta le. (j1&0 gel .....- ...., """........ ."'" ..., .""
......ta le.)2.wo..•gen~ta'-'ji~_d!lel~benr c{d1'n. wO""melmelyl"jlng tl. worhu{n""le.
-- .,' r: /. "'" y .• v (hUf-n""ta,-",le.
h~n",gel ta"",le.) 3.zuot1an""d baozh~, tamen,]1.jlng jl'o .
....gel ..wo..1e. 4.ta b1ng le. ti d llongzI. w5menzh( bao pal ren song gel ta.
-- -- ""a "'......,~ """ '-" • ...." '-'"
" , -\ - ..• /.
2a.ne1 jl benr shu dou kanwan le.
'"""" '-". ...."
" ...) .•. '\
)a.nel 1lang ke yljlng %UehUlle.• "'""""'" ....,.v
~25 Slovesa visledkov~ modlflkovanl (I~.1_26)(znackou U jsou oddeleny
'Iity se slove~y s tfmi modlfl:tcator,em)' YD 98
3 - ". ". Ir....... ( ~1.women tlngjlan you ren la1,le jlu mashang znu 'e. neboljlu mashang'-" "'. - .•••.•. OJ' ~ .,j ...,.
zou le.) la.AIYou l1ang ge 1l'ba1 wo mIl k&nj1an ta1
, e, ta z~l BUlage~""" • ..., ...., "'" '" ....,....". y •
",IDa? BIWf"",y(,yOUsh{jr....,.t1an me1 k~nj1an ta..).e, bU Zh1~0 ta...,zalj>u...,.zal.
, .. "'/1 ..• - 1 •..•
Ib.nl"",k8.nj1an""ta, jluvwen~ta hfo. 2.A.nel......Jlanvy1fu. tamen gel....,.nl.
..•v "" '" 2. .,.,. .•.• - v
zuohao le ma? Blba1 mel ne, hal,del 1'1 lle 1:1ba1 nee 2a.Aan1 ohlhao",. ...."...., ..." . ....., - ~......,.,-", .
- """ - I" "" J
""le....ma? Bach!hao""le. A.ch1hao.)..e zanmen...,Jlu zC]u....ba. 2b.Alnlmen
shuoh&o le ma1 Blwo'bt.enshuO.h&o.~le,m!ngtlan z~oshang bi dlan jlan. II• ....." v __ "'" .'"-' "'"
3:nl,""b9:>Jh~shUOmfngbal, d~odr n1~aO...,Zenmev7'ana? )a.A.nl tlngmlngbalv
... /. ... _ " II ':f (
~le ma?B.bu tal m1ngbal. nl zal shuo yl hlan hAt 4.nu'er mel hu lal,'-' • "'-' ....., ....,. ,-,"-" ....,.;-- v
rwo y{ y~ me"l shu\zMo. (nebo.w~.y{ ve me! shu'lzha'O.) 4a.A.IU'z dl~nzm{o",
.v '-" - '-'" v. •
vl~.ma? B.dlanzhao Ie. (neho. dlanzh~o Ie.) 4b.A.nl zhaozhao Ie ma?- •........ ."""" '-". "-' "'"
Blha1 me'! zhaozhao net 4c.A.qIanbQor I nl 7.haozhao""lema? B.zha'ozhao..'-"-....""........ .......;-.....,,.....le,
zhaozhao Ie. IJ 5$ba zhuoz yt'z dou nuokal, w<1men t1aowUI 5a.zaninen.....", v ,J'''' • •
ba chuanghu rdakal (kilkal) MO bu hao.116.nl na'zhU, hIe"dlao Ie.'-' .. """"-' ....,. v. """
6a,jleZhU bat el~ z~nme you mel jlezhu! IJ7.ba zhuoz caganjlng. 7a.u """. ....." "'.
nfmen zul h80 I ba c'al dou.~hI~njlng.IJ 8.A.dou tIngqIngchu Ie ma?"-' '-" -. '""......, .....,
- - - J - - - " --
B.d~uvtIngqlngchu le. (women d~u...,tlngqlngchule.) 8a.bavhua shuoq!ngchu,
- /.'1/ 1...... 1....3
nl"",shuo",dshl sh~l~ U 9.du buq;, wovzuocu;> le. 9a.tavhen...,xlangwO"",d"",
~jlejle, d~nshl b{vShl"WO~d jI~jle, iwo,",,~ocu~.....le. (Shl>Jw6""gS:ocu~vle.)1\
lO.nI bU dong, rjiu bie' n~ng, (nebo. jlu'bi{'n6ng,) bie' ba dlanshl...., V'. '"" v. ....., '""
nonghu~l Ie. lOa. ta chlhu~1le dUz, de'1qu zhao dalfu. Illl.A.zal chi .• '-'" """' v.....". .--
""" ,-v ~ - -......y1 dIanr bat albu, wo chibao 'e, bu zal chI Ie. 11a.A: nl ch1bao Ie ma?",...., """".....;4 _ow'....., ....•.' • v v
\ v V'
B.xle xle, bao Ie, Lio Ie •
•"" v '"'
§25,3 (II~25 co14-16) Modifikator /wan/ YO 99
/ - / - y v" '" rn. v '"
l.zanmen chi~n,-"le, xi~iJI hu1rt jlu>Jkeyl zouvle. "7l.nl xleW!'n le
"'" \ v - ••••• '" I' _-Y.
jlu mashang j1Z0U. ).jIntian nl b1XU zuowan, m1ngtlan j1u.,WB.nl,le.'-' -....;. V - -
4.wo Tlwan ~n I zinmen za1 zuox1a he ch~,~ v·~T ~ ~ •
q26,l (II~.1-6) Sloveso /g~1/ dit s predmetem nepr{mym 1 Et!mtm(oba
v uvedenem poradku) v postaven! za slovesem YD 100
v •.• - /, v r: ~" ( ..•. ' ) I' v
1.gelvs1j1 q1tn, rang ta zou. 2.nlvge1 keren nlv
gel1e keren p~j1u,
ta he ma? J.Be1jIng daxue' I ge1le wO'fuenxue'x1aolht(ox1e shut ~.wo ge1~....., ."'" '-'" . .
" ..., (It':. '" Vv - / .,. ~n1
zhe ge haochu. n ge1 wo shenme ne? 5.wo ge11e ta Sh1 kelang, ta~• ....., \J ."'" '-"" ..." ...•. v •.....,;
""gene wo 11ang ge...,benz.
"" v·
§26,2 Nepf!mi predmet m~~e bit uveden (u sloves j1nych nez /gel/ dat)
a/II~.1-7. pomoc! prepoz1cn!ho slovesa /gel/ pred slovesem YD 101
b/II6.8-11. pomoc! postpoz1cn{ho slovesa /gei/ za slovesem
p:H '" redm~t e f1tom uveden
c lIe. - • ezproat edn za s ovesem (nepr!m1 predm~t Je pred slovesem
uveden prepoz. slovesem /ge1/)
d/llc.8-9. pomoc! prepozlcn!ho slovesa /ba/ pred slovesem (nepr£mf
predmet je za slovesem uveden pos~oz1cn!m slovesem /ge1/).
e/II§24,3 6.4-71 jako anteponovany clen (nepfimt pfedm~t je za slovesem
uveden postpoz. slcvesem /gel/)
f/IIe .11. za slovesem, ale at za predmetem nep:r!mitn("17 jadienjm osobn!m
z'jmenem,prlpojenym ke slovesu pomoc! postpoz. slovesa !gel!)
g/IIc.12-l4. bezprostredne za slovesem, predm~t nepr!m{ atoJ! af za n!m.
uveden slovesem /gel/ (v tomto prfpade /gel/ nelze oznaclt za postpozlcn!
sloveso z toho dl'jvO~lJ, ~e se nespojuje primo se slovesem,
ale atoj! a~ za predmetem pr!mim) J tate vazba .1emen~ obT7k1a
11· V' ~l" "'/V' .••••••••• '
a/1.jlejle gel~wo ma1le~yl~benr han-j1e c~dl~n. 2.gel~0 ye....dao
'V' / (i;l.. r ;' I." (''''''
Yl wan cha bat -j.Alnl gel halz1men zuohao fan le ma? zuohaole tan........" '-" ......, ""'....". . "'" ......,.....".. ,,;
'" I - I' ..., - <...0
Je ma 1) Blhal~mt;l~ne. 4. Jleke gel zhongguo jlanle""bu sMO fadlan-zh~n.
5.mima gel melmellzuole yl ~o~qunz.
. "-' ""' '-" .
b/l.Shfl dOU..)I1ei4jt'e...,ge1V'taqlan. zanmen Jl~ gel~ta ba. 2.ta)llren song .
-I" v' r:V' /( /) "-,-,gelta yl zhl teble haokan d shouzhuo. zhuoz. 3.alya. wo wangle'-""........ . '" "-'. . """'.
huan gel ta Ie. zhen bu ~6 ylsl.•................ . "-' ••....•.
~/ vlz exemplltlkace pod a/
d/1.nl ....b6~tang dlV'gel~wo.
/ 1 '.. Y
""wang aoshl, xle xle n~.• "-" .v '-'
(jlvgel....wdmen ..•.d to'ngxu{.)
e/1.t;ng1wo .....d'l.....gel....nl, n{ngm~g nlvy~0 ....buJa01 2.nel""zhang huocheplao I
r - ;' 1 -" 3 ••• --I
wOJ jlng jl~o...,gelwangJaoshl __1e. ta shuo xl~,-"Xle"",n1.J.zhe bel _tel
r v " - I''''
n gel 1ao1ao songqu. ta zal 10ushang nee'-' '-'II V' • .....,
2 'lfng..J1lba zh'e..,llhanghu~chep1ao Ijlao gel .
" .....•• I r:'lo 3 / /
3.bs zhe xle b8.ozh~ h gel women tongzue.~ ~ ~ ~ .
f/ exemplltlkace v1z pod b/1-2
g/ 1. mlngtlan I shl ta d shengrl, xue'shengmen
"" '-" .1v .•...1 11;-1 1Y r:.... ( .•. ....,,; v
x ang...,ma.y -../xe :wu ge1 ta. song...,gel~ta.)wen...,woma1""'shenmehao.
Z.wo':dvpengyoumenl m!ngtlan dao~wo...,jlal11a1. rwcryao ZUO...,jl-../geZhongguoc~l
gel....tamen. (wo~yao gelvtamenZUOvjl-../gezhongguoc~1.)
YD 102
~27 Podmet pied slovesem a postverb. clen eX1stence za slovesem
a/II~.l,J. podmet ozna6uj!c! osobu nebo vec znamou, j1! drive zm!nfnou
ap~d. v postaven! pred slovesem
b/II6.2,4,61 postverb. clen exlstence oznacuj!c! osobu nebo vec zmlnovanou
poprve, jako novf jev apod. v postaven!za slovesem
clII6.5: cltceae-11 UTest osobu nebo Tec zm11i0Y&.n0upoprve. zat£.· neveltou,
pi'ed slOTesem. -us!lle j1 uvest pomoc! slovesa 11~U/ bit. existoTat
a/ n~kter' slovesa se v1sk-,tuJ! jen ve TazbKs postverb. clenea ex1steno.
(v eele v~t1 Je ua!st~no uroen! m{sta, ktere Tsak nemns! bft v-,jadfeno)
" , '" ,,- ~ -Y.
a/l.da1biaot~n 1&1~e. sh~lvqu huan71ng~tamen? 2.zuotlanv
•• nshang
""'" ~, - v v_ 11:
hal~x1aJu ....ne. zaoshang tf1yang..)lu .....ohulal .....le. J.na1nal_A ..yanj!ngr
- ..., " 4~l": ~ " v / ( J"
d1u"le.zenme-.;bfn..Jle? .1~X1angmel~le. a1qlng 7!.....me1..).e. 1~x1ang
shlqu 1., alqlng ye shlqu 'e.) ta bUX1an~hUO''e.~ .~ ~ v ~
l)-/1.1{lleZhonggu0..)1a1blaotufn •• 00J;e1 timen dang...,r~n71. 2.d1ule yanJlngr •
•o•....zenme ~n'""ne. )Iite'1le 1!x1ang. y8' me'1.....le ~lq1ng. (shlqule 1(X1ang,
v - " ) '" v , , ,,') J.. Y8""sh1qule,lq1ng.
.o~zenme hUC]"",ne.huC?zhyOu.....shenme~y:sl.....ne? .,...~ng
,,/ v, x1awanle"",Yu.talyang
jlu •....chulalle.
cdl. rjU~ShUO(t1ng•....shuo) { you""lla'ngy;e ZhOngguo..,xUeShengI1ao~lalJUeX1
guanfengq{n. 2.you llang j1a y{nha'ng I rgu&nme'nr'e. (da'obl 'e.)• "'" "-' tto./. ...,- • ..."rJ.
rt1ng.....shuo (JU.....ShUO)yOu:,1•....jla .....feljl dl~oxlala1 .....le. n1.....zh!daO~bu.....
zh1daolt
shl n~ guo' d? 4. zhe xle huap{ngr11 I ,ou' li'ng ge shl zhongguo d."-" '"'....",. ...." • ~. v ....,. '""'"
/
' - " , yr.,] .••. (3 " )
d 1•.Alshengle du~shao.....qlan? B,y~"",ge.....nr ye.....me1.....sheng. yeymel""shengx1a.
dou hua let 2.Aln1 zh~r SMO11 ge z\r. Blnar? SMOsh;nme zlr? ,.Asn1..,
•........ """ ."'" """'.. .....,.
vZher duo y1 ge z\r. Blnar? duo shenme z\r~•.........v'- • ""-'"
Aton1ck' modlf1kQtor IJ1an/ YD10)
" " " \ (" ~1.Aln1.....k!nj1an me1v
kanj1ango zhe.....7ang""'d.....sh~r? .n1~k!nj1ango zhe""'yang.....d
'Jo ~" -""
sh~r~ma?) Blc~ngla1 me1.....kanjlango. la.Algangca1 n1 kanj1an sh~1.....le?
alwo Sh!1....dOUme1kinj1an. j1u•....sh1 x1~nza1 kanj1an•....le n!. 1/ 2.Aln1 t!ngj1an .....
" " •...• , " ;. - ,.....le ma? sh~ bu sh1 10U ren da l~ng? B.wo shenme dou me1 t1ngj1an."'""'" ."wI....... ....., • • -"
2a.Aln1....t!ngj1an me1.....tlngjlango zh~.....yang.....d""'shlr? (nl.....t!ngj1ango zhe...,Yangvd
sh\r ma?) B.cO'ngla1 me1 tlngj1ango./I J.Alta y{d1ng rsale x1angshu'l'r•.....", ....,.;1 """ """
(penle x1angshu'fr.) n1 wtfnj1an._me1weJtjlan. B.name x1ang. dangran......" . --....,., . .
wenjian lee ~a.Alwo wenj1anle sheJbe Chouw~1~Jn1wen wen sh\~bu sh1?""" .J........ "'-". '-'" '-' ~
B'••••• sh) •• ~7e wenjianJe. zhfn chou. Jb. rta wfnjianle Cta w:nChula1le )
bU~dul-tou. j1U~bUvshuO~le.
Kakumlnaln! vlslovnost slab1k I (pokracovani viz YD 117)
Nektere slablky v kakum1naln{ visl. spltvaj!. v prepisu pohin-jinem se
. ' YO 104
vsak tyto zmeny nenaznacuj!, srov. zeJmef\a.:
-19 -1n ~ -ir, -1nrl oboj! vyslov-13r
-U, -Un, -ue ~ -Ur, -Unr, -uerl vse vyslov -u-r
-un, -ul -+ -unr, -u1r • oboj! vyslov -u~r
-a~. -an ~ -alr, -anr. obo.1! vyslov -ar
Popis vYsl. viz v HCPIII, st.r. 77-79, znazorneni kakuminalni vYs1ovnosti,viz
na obr. 18-24, HCPIII, str. 78-9.
l.qule""p!r zal...,.ohl. 2.p(ngguoIY~0""buJao qUJ>{r?
" y v
J.ta ohangle_yl~ge xlao~q~r.
-u ~ -ur. 4.ehuanghushang you NlO xle shul'zhur.
'" ~ .
-a ~ -art 5.Ar.wo~y1ngga1cong,",~r guoqu? BICong•.,...n~r.
6
". ". I ...•, J 2. .... v - v - /
-e -t @et" I • congqian zal •....1ieke haiJou yong",g~u la""d xlaocher..."ne,
zhongguo miLy-ouzhe zhong, zh( you yong sho~ tuI d sh5"ucher•...:7 "'" "'-" '-' ....,.. """
-i ~ -1r (napr. s1 ~ sir. shl ~ shlr apod.). 7.wa'n sh\r Ie, wo zOu..;l.e•..., ......" """" .
8.you shlr, rn1, jlu de: dlanhu~ ba.!(n13
j1u ge'i wo da d1~nhua ba.~)
---. ...., .""'" ."-" '-\ '-' - e"-'
Dvojhlasky sestupne
8oa1~ -alr. 9.n1 ge'l.....wOzhao..,ge....s!lr, wo..,.b8:'....plngZ si'lshang.
-e 1 ...,.-elr I 10.zh), ba. yl:'z d belr I hU~1 Ie.
""" """"'. "-""
- "/' "v'" v
-ao ~ -aorl ll.mama gel",halz zuolevyl...,..11anxlao..,hong.....~or.
~ ,,;, v- . - "
-ou ~ -ourl l2 •.,.zhe shl shenme hour? Bishl putong d shanhour.•...•.. . "-' ",.....,,Dvojhlasky
vzestupne
-1a ~ -larl IJ.zhongz chu-yar Ie •.•...
4
.J v' yo' v - 3 "
-le-7 -lerl 1 .Alnlmen....jier j~..,ge? Bljler...,.s~. l4a.womenvyuanz11i~d
- -./ ...., '" V'" V"
tlz sh1 san jler d. ke chang ke duan•.....". ••••••• 'w/. v .•
-ue ~ -uer. 15.xi~nzai qic(ngli ctajinqu y.rge.....mtlju~r, ilhou \zai d)ng dlngz.
- -- • v ....."
-ua ~ -ua.r. 16.nl na x1aoshuar I ba. f~ngr shua shual
'- '-'" ...." . "-"
..•. " ;'
-uo~ -uorl 17.x1anzal huor tal dUO, mang s1 Ie.v • • '-" .....,
-ual ~ -ualr, 18. oo.vlllanb8oqlecheng.,,~lr.
.. "" "" I"''' ..-ul -+ -ulr, 19.zhe ba ohahu ~ zUJ.r tal chang 1e. bu Mokan. 20.zhe_~'-' ~...". ..••..... ..., ......• .....h&'iz
d xl(ozuY'r 1 zhin tta'ok9.n..•.•. .v v v """ "...,
yang1e 1lang~zhl~nl!or. hat_yang1e 11_tlao~9u.
I zal me'nkO'ur\"n~ iQlur nee...., _ • v
-lao ~ -1aor, 21•• o",j1all
-1u~ -1ur. 22.x1aoro(lr
~28.2 "stupnovan{"adJektlv VlJadreno . YD lOS
a/lt~.l-J' pomoo! prepozl~n!ho slovesa /b~/. uvadejiciho srovnavan~ clan
maj!c! danou v1astnost V menJ! mr'e .
b-d.pomoo! kvant1tat1vn!ho komp1ementuudavaJ!c!ho miru odlisnosti vy_
j adrenou ~ '\
b/II6.4-1. V§razy neurc1tostl /Y1vdi~nr/, /ylyxie/ trochu, ponekud
c/II6.8-14. virazem obsahuj!o!m ~!slovku spojenou s merovYm s19v~
d/II~.19-24. spojen!m ~!slovky s merovy.m jmenem /bei/ -krat
e/lIe.15-18. komplementemstupn~ 1•••1uo~le/,I ••• d",duo/.I ••• d_duo",lel
a/l.finzlb1 ....-Y!nzgu),. 2.fe"ij! bl.....hu~oh; kuft. J.be'ltall8 bl",n~ntall8
lfng. 4. siil1a'n br...,zh~ngguoda, zhonp;guo I yOu bl y\ndU 1., .oiaen .
vj1fk~ rjlU beng t! le. (jlu bU''''yongt{'''le.) S.Ana b1(Shl b( n~•..~ ma?
) " '"
nl.....jlu j1ao",ta jl~jle ....ba.
b/l.zh~ zhong ch~ I bi n~l zhong I rpl~nyl yl dlanr. (planyl yl xle.)• ....., ~ '-' ••••••••• """'" • 'W" '-"
V ;' Yo r...y -" •..y "-
2.womenvd",touzbl nl.mend naoshuoh~r yl dlanr. (naoshUohu!rv
y1 xle.)
- "l ... \- v v
J.g~gevd gez bl b6ba gao yl dlan dl!nr.
c/l.~lJiu bl_h~ngjlU gul ll~g kualvql{n. 2.jlfj1e d kti.z I bi wo d
rd'ay( ~or. (nebol da y{. haor.)
v "'*'. .""
1
- -I 3 " y - "... I\. .•...' ;' - {
d 1.A.zuo fe1jl bl zuo huoch~ lufe1 gU1~j~~be1? Blsh~1 zh1dao. y.dlng~
.....gul l1ang san b'el. 2.sullan bl jle'keslluofak~ I d~ hao du~ haovduo bet.
J.tamen d re'n I bi womenduo san b~l. dangran zuo d kual •. -' -' "-". .....,~
e/l.fe1j1 i bl..Jlu~Che rkual,-,du~....,le.·(kuai~dJiU~.) 2. ~ d shu'!p{ngIbi,..;
......bleren rsao duo Ie (sao d ~uo.) 3.zhel benr o<d1~n!b1. n~l benr hao"pv"'" e"-'" -' ...J4 • • ""'" '""'" '-'
..,duo d duo•.-./ '"
§28.2 pozn. I Merove jmeno Ibe!1 nasobek
l.AtwUd san bel I b£ shl sh1wUma? B.dangran lee.•...•. . ~ '-" .""" . "-'
YD 106
, v I
2.Acer. ba1.....•..
~28,2 pozn.II Kvantltatlvn{ komplement .!rz za ad3ektlvem YO 107
8/116.1,2,3,4. ve v~t~ s vazbou prepoz16n!ho alovesa /br/ je jednozna~nl
urcen!m mfry od1linostl /
b/1I~.la. 2a, 3&, 4a. ve vit~ bez prepoz. slovesa Ibt/ m~e byt pod1e
semantlokeho kontextu bud urcenim miry od1llnostl nebo prostia
urcen!m mfry , _ .
o/1I6.1b. 2b, 3b, 4b • .1e-11kvantltatlvn!urceni miryuvedent>pomoo!
slovesa /y~u/ (zde ve tunkcl prepozlcn!ho slovesa) pred adjektlvem,
stavQ se prostfm urcen!m miry
a/1.wO",.11ilbr•..nl•..jla ry~nJl .....xle. (Y~ ..•.Yl""dlanr.) ~.zh~ •...t1ao.....lti ''jaaJ
" '11 v- r ,,- .... J /
vbl",nel...,tlao...,luj n "":J>0ng1 ..,.ne.3.zh,...,ge.....planz bl..•..nel",ge chang
.•. -~rshl...,fenvzhong.
- "" v ", 1""-b/1.wo .....j1a ry~nJl ..•..xle. (ytl.!n",yl.....dlanr.) 2.zh~•...tlao•...lu j n.....wu..,geng1l•
... - r:....... -" - r:'"
J.zh~/ge nlanz ohang ~rsh~_fen_,zhong. (ershl fen zhong. you ershl_ ~ .. _ -- .....,.......... •.....• v
1 .•.. )
",fen",zhongohang.
- r.3 '-' .3 -.., JZ)... "I ""
o/l.wo.....jla youJle",y~n. (you...,yl""xley~n.) z-;zhe.....tlao.....1u you ~v
- y """ ••• :t ./ ( /.,.
V'gongl~ yuan. J.zh~_g~_planz you ershl fen zhong ohang. srov. vyse- -- .....". '-" """
/geng/,/hBlyaOA,/h~1
YO 108
a/II~.l-2J bez uveden! srovnavaneno clenu
b/II~.3-41 ~len srovnan! uveden pomoo! prepoz. slovesa /br/
o/II~.5-61 srovnan! je rozvedeno do dvou vet
Pozn. Ff{slovoe /geng/ lze ve vseoh ex. nahradlt pf!slovol /h~lyaoA,
/hal g~ngY (exp1lcltne je to pro usporu m!sta nazna~eno jen v ex.a/l).
a/l.xin q'lche rgeng gul. (ha1yao gu'l. rha'lgeng gul.) 2.jleke p!jlu.•...... . '-" . -- ...." . ••...•.
... '-' - " v r.' .r v ('I. ,-,,, ,
g1ng...,haohe.J.zhe...,.zhong.....jlanz g~ng",hAosh~. g~n~haoyong.) 4.zhe..,
b" b'" ".., 2" •••.I .•. -'I.
...,geu sh1 1""nel...,.geg~ng hao",ma? 5.bUJ!hl d.l.tie bl d1anche g~ngv
'I. " '1'-'..)toolma? zanmen jlu zuo d t1e baG
"'" v """" .'-'
b/l.x!n qlOhe1
b1 ....jlU"'qlche g~ng....gul. 2.j1fke""p!jlU b1vS~11an •..p{jiu
gang hQohe. 3.zhe...zhong...,..11anzb1 ne1 zhong rgeng ru(oshi".(g~ng haoy6ng ).~ .....,.""'" .""""" ·v •
c/l.j1U qlche gul. xIn qlche geng gu1 •• v "". "'-"'"
,......,- , '-" V'" v"
g~ng~haohe. 3.zh~1~zhong~j1anz haosh~. ne1~zhong
~ v" ,......,,
""zhong,j1anz haoyong, ne1 zhong geng haoyong.)v ........• '-""
~28,4 Vyjadren1 men~1 m1rr-vlastnost1 oznace~§_adJektlvem YD 109
a/lIe .1-2. pomoc1 vyrazu /bu...•ru/ ,/me1."yout"ne jako"ve funkc1 prepoz1cn1ch
sloves,uvadej!c1ch srovnavanf ~len s v~tsf m!rou vlastnostl (vex.
krom~ ex.a/1 je pro usporu m!sta uvaden jen vyraz /bu~u/)
b/IIc.3-41 pomoc! pr{sudkoveho virazu /buvru/ nebft jako, nevyrovnat se
(na koncl v~ty lze casto beze zmeny smyslu vety p~1pojlt je~te 1 vhodne
adjekt1vum. )
/ 1/1\" - r./ "/) "'''1/0 - r"
a 1.r wen b~~ru zhongwen nan.(nanxue. var. rlwen m~1~ou zhongwen nan.
(nanxue.) 2.women xuesheng d shut'p(nglbU rU n1
J
men d hao. (women xueshen~ 1"".....",. ........"-' "- •.........
bU ru nlmen X11esheng d shuI'plng hao.) 3.b81 mlanb80 d yfngyang lr'burU'-"-" '-' _. .••....... "'" ""
he1 m1anbBo d fengfu. (bu rUhe1 mlanb80 fengfu.) 4.jlnshu dlbu rU."-" """ .'-'" "'-'" - mutou
d hao. 5.ch1 rou1bu ru chi shuca.1hao.,. ~ -...............".
- / vi... /' L \ ••• / Ir' (i), y "
b/l.su11an~d~p~j1u b~~ru Jleke""d. 2.zhu~dalou bu~rU7zhu_x1~01~ur.
••• " \ V' '" ~ J .•. - r \ _~,,~ '"
(bu ru zhu xlaolour hao.) 3.women d dlanshij1 bu ru rl~~d. (hu ruv ••......• - -- •••..... - .rlben~d
hao.) 4.bEi\,.."mlanb8:'o,",dY1ngyang Irb~]u h~1_m18nb8o. (bu_ru h,!l~
~m1e.nb8:ofengfu. rbu rU'he1 m1anb8o d fengfu.)
--.--- Vyjadren!
nejvyss1ho stupne vlastnostl pomocf ff!slovce /zu\/
YD 110
a/IIc'.1-6. bez vfslovneho uveden! srovnavanych osoo. vec! atd.
b/II~.7-9. srovnavane osoby, vec1 atd. jsou uvedeny v cele vety s pflpojenou
za10zkou
a/l.zhe~zhong putao rZU},-"hao.(zul~haOCh1.) 2.ru1sh1 d Maa zu'~gul.
3.congq1an j1{ke d xlf!' I za1 shljleshang zu'lya'um1ng.--- "-' ••.•..... .b/l.zhe
j1 benr c1d1&nl'r'I zhe1 benr zu1 l(xiang. 2.zh~ jl ge re'nlt'\'-' "-' .'-' - ._ ••....
ta zul b~n. 3.rtamen zh1 zhong (tamen zhi j1an) I X180 Luor,",dshu'(plng~ . '-' ••........ '"'"' '-" . ....,
zul hao. 4.y1 n1~nlyllao Sh{lzul xthuan d sh1 x1at1an •.......,. v '-" _ '-" •
~29,1 Fffslovecne ureen! zpusobu S gram. prlponou Id/, vyjadrene
a/IIc.1-4. zdvojenym jednoslab. adjekt1vem YD 111
b/lIc.5-71 vazbou vhodneho pf!slovce s dvojs1ab. nezdvojenym adjekt1vem
a/l.wo_nrr'er q1ngqlngr~d kalkal1e menr. qIngqIng~,d j\nla1 'e. wo wen~~ . - . ....".. ••.......
~tat n1",shang~n¥rvqu.....le? 2.m8.n~nr.....d shUO, b1t[Zha'o-j{. 3.kualku¥'1r_d I
- V' r '" v 1
kUB1ku81r~d z~u~b8. hal~lou wu~fen~zhong j1U~kaish!~le.
3 ...., - ..• - ",,,, r. " ~Y - I'.n~
Y80 haohaor d gen ta shuo, bie IDa ta.. 5~ Y1.d1ng ya~ ,08. ,ta haOha.or ~'"'"' • _ ....., """" ."'-0./ _ _ JA(y(('11n~yao
Mohaor d t:J ta ) da yi dun~. - . - "-" ""'" ......".
V' - - 0/ - ••• 3 3
h/l.ts hen~g~oxing-./d daying .....le. 2.w0-Jeey1 hen •...qlngchuJlgaosu~n1, wo....,bu....,
"''' '" -,,-~tongy;. J.ta h~nV'Xl~oXin~d shuo ta~bu~1ngchu.
929.1 pozn. Jlsta
pffslovc! (bez p
slabicna ad ekt1va t{t ve funkc1
YD 112
a/lIt!.1-7 I jednoslabicna adjekt1 va jako pf!slovce
h/II~.A-161 dvojslabl~n~ adjektiva jako pr!slovce
c/II~.)7-211 a~~ektlva /duo/./shanl jako pf{slovce ve vyznamul Iduol
vice I /sh'\e>/ mene (za slovesem nejcas~e..11 jeste s kvant1 tativnfm
f.0:npl e:nen ter- )
r 3 - .••. J _., ,,,,,.
a/l.n1~bu~tlng hua, (nlV'bu~tlng wo~hua,) y1ng~yao •...zu~, nl~kan, jleguo
"-' , """,;"" V' "'""" v
zenmeV'yang. 2.n1....zh!dao....,dye....bu~shl bal~en~zh1....,bal,suoy1 zal•...
, ". .... ..... I V' - v ..........~walblanr
jlu~bl~ •...luan shuo. 3.wo~1~oye me1~t1an zao....shu1vzao~q1J shenti
v...., 4 v - v - "-'" /. , """
h;n~hao. .~o~mel ....tlan dou .....zao~chuqu. wan.....hu11a1. hen~~i. 5.n1vz~0~
././ •...••••.. ,,.,, 3 V v " lz)~ v /
-...lal.zanmen jiu~keyl zao~zuo~n, nl,-,j1u~keYl zao.....hulqu. ---o.ni~~n....,lai~
v ," ,." ,,.,, ( ( ..•.. "
.....le. suoyi dao xianza1 ha1 me1 zuowan. n ye j1u zh hao wan hU1qU 'e.'""" •....••'-'. v ....., • '-"" ~
(iL ./ I"'" v - ./"./ ""
'~/.zal renj1a nar b1e you hai shuo ge me1 wan me1 11ao.'-" '"" •....... '-" "-" ......, '-" '-'
v I' y ,/,." ",/ - ••• ". ,
b/l.j1ej1e teb1e x~huan wenxue. 2.hua rongy1 shuo. sh~ bu rongy1 zuo.. ~ . ~ . ~ ~
'- - /' ,/ /v /' '" -:" ;.: v
).yongx1n xuex1 ca1 neng xuehao. bu yong-Xln jlu xuebuhao. 4.wo ..... ~ .~ ~
v \ V' ","''/ " ,/ I" " - 'lI -"
~nul zhunbe1 kao....,daxu~.5.zhe~ge~ren t;b1e~a1 sheng-q~, n1~shuovhua
xl~OXin~Yi~dlanr~ 6. zhr....yao null J yongx1n xue'xl. hanYl1 Shi""k(Yl xue"hao....d.
c/l.l'llnV'd~xu~ya-gao, Sh~O he,....)1U, zul~hao b~V'he. 2. jrnt1an shl.....w<Cd'-'
vshengrl, daj1a ke dou d~1 duo he dianr. J.shi wo duo shuole y( ju....• '-"" '-'" e'-'" """" '-" ••......
.... -.... 3 -..... "r'....hu~,
ta sheng-9.:Je. 4.nlmen ....dou Sh':o....shuo'-'ji.....ju, x1ng~buvx1ng?
5.t~1,-,wan__le I sh~o.....chIJi""d1anr~ba. 6 .n1....xthuan I j1U.....duo Ch!J1""
'"" .•.... ./
....,dianr~ba,f~nzhengvshl bai.....t1ano
YD I1J
v "" I I / v '"~29.2 Komplement stupne za slovesem s gram. pr~ponou d ,vyjadreny
a/lle.I-IOt a~jektlvem. jez je b11ze 'urcer.opr1s1ovcem 61 jinym urcenlm
zpusobu
- lCJ b/116.11-14.
hOlfm adjekt1vem (jde-11 ° expl1cltn! nebo lmpllcltn!
srovn&v&n!)
cl slovesnfm vTrazem nebo celou vetou
dl pf{slovcem Ihenl
Pozn. Term!n -komp.ement stupne- Je pfekladem ~!nskeho qramatick6ho
term!nu IChengdu~bU7U/.
a/l.ta"",mf1""t1an dou...,ql'""dhin _n, shul d 7~ hen wan. 2.nl""shuo d hen..."
.•• - v r.' J " - "....k~l.
wo tlngbud~ng, ~nv7l dlanr (~ dlanr shuo) x~ng buJlng.
3 .•• ..., ,I' l' ••• ,.
3.womenzuo d tal ~n....J.e, sh~nme shlhour calyeng zuowanne? 4.n1,....
.......shuo d name kue.l. wt zenme neng dong net 5.zh~ ge _nxlao I kAl d r~1- • '"""" v "-'" • -"'."""" ........•
gu6-f~n 'e. (tal guo-huor le.) 6.n1 pIp1ng d 70UJY1 dlan; bu hesh\.v- • v '-"" '"""........ ~ •••.•.. ~.
b/l. r~ fany1 d dul, (nebo. ta fan71vd dU).) nl' d bu..ftul. 2.ta m~l t1an
y....... " "" y v I ~ "" ..."" ""
q~ dvwan. shu; d wan. w~ q~ d zao shu~vd zao. 3.zh~ jl ju ni del
n1an d k~1. b1e d k~Yl ~n 71 d1anr. 4.ta zuo shenme1douzuo d k~l."" . .'"'"' .•.•..... "-" ••.... '"""'. '"" """
lao xla'n I bleren zuo d ,."all •.'-'" ....", .....,...
1 •••• v v r'" / - - / - - ,
c/l.tamen 1lang""kouz chao d s~ 11ng""bu~n. (zhou.el d 11nju dou bu de
inning.) 2.t&:,d h~r I hui d I r(n ren jl~n1e renJenJ.l. 3.ta"'shuO d
geng bu x1angxln le.• 'WI' •••••. •••••••.
d/1.r ~l ta•...qu zh~ngguo'. (~l ta dao zh9ngguo qu.)
2. xIde" d zhe
ir
zhong geo8u huoche ' ku~i d hen.• ..., '-' ..., •. ...., \J
, 1 v .•• , .•• I
.!ideo h!o d hen.(nebo. r~ d huangjiu d weidao
- ...,
ta ~oxingvd-'hen.
3.r~~ hu8ngjiu~d
~29,3 (110.1-4) Vety vyjadruj!c! srovnavan! a stup~ovan!
obsahuj!c! zaroven 1 komp1ementstupn€. YD114
l.ta bY she'l dou zu6 d kU~l. (ta zuo d br she'1 dou k~1.) 2[tainen....". ....,....... v ..,...,"-' .......,
b1.....Sh{11dou....,ehuo•...d.....haotIng, (ta~enJ3huo""'db1...)3h{1dou....haotrng,) keshi
shlshf ne? ).ta bt'•.....Sh{1Ila'1•....d dou zao. (ta...,1{1d b1•....sh{1 dou•.....zao.)
4.zhe ge xuesheng rb1 b1e"d xu{sheng I xue d hao. (xue d b1 b1e..,d....-•.•..... """ . '-" ......, •.•..... '-" ........•
""xuesheng h8:'0.) 5.wo~gan•....shuo I wo hui ba zhe~jian..."sh\ ~nJl g~ng hao.
6' ,,' v ..." "" .•• ".
.za1 zhe fangmlan. meime1bi j1ejie zuo d geng hao. 7.zhe zuo lou
"""""" ."-" '-"" "'-' " . ."""'"
r'" " ,/ I'" '........ " ;' -Ibl ne1 zuo (bi nei zuo Iou) shej1 d geng hao. 8.zhe j1an maoy1oJ • __ '-' • """"" "'-' '-" • ••••••. ._
Kol!san! (varlablllta) slovn!ho pr!zvukovanl YD 115
a/sloveso IZhIdaol v~d~t (n~eo) ve spojen! se zaporkou Ibul presunuje
pf!zvuk na slablku druhou, kter' tak obnovuJe snj pdvodn! ton lib\\""
,,",zhld&~trojslab. vfraz IbiL"zhldAol vlastne jen podrfuJe sV1Jj p~vodn!
"akronymlekf" rytmus, tj. pr!zvuk (lktus) na prvn! a posledn! slablee
troj- a ~t1rslabl~neho (n~kdy 1 v!ee nef ~tyrslab1~neno) rytmlekeho
eelku. V ~eftln~ je tento rytmus dobi'e znaml real1zuje se v pf!zVUko~n!
akronym1ekfeh troj- a ctyi'slablcnfeh (pf!padne 1 petls1abl~nfch)
zkratek typu CSD. OSN. CSAV. SSSR, IMFFUK).
bl dvojslab1~n~ jmeno 6asu Ix1anzal"1 nynl. ted" se ve zbe:l!ne.ryehlej~!
feci nej~st~jl vyslovuje IXlanza1/1 v pec11Vejs! nebo expreslvn! recl
spree Ixlanzai/; 1 v tomto pohybu muze hrat svou roll vise zm{nenY
akronymlotf rytmuSI oetne-li se dvojslablcne slovo na z a ~ a t k u
troj- a ctyi'slab1~n8ho (pr{padne 1 del~!ho) rytmlc-kEfuocelku (MUD
pi'!zvucne pf'edniky na za~tku a slabe tonleke nebo atonleke pi'!klonky
na konoi takov.(eh celk~ do po~tu slab1k rytmlekyeh eelku nepo~!tame).
pr'!zvuk tohoto slova ~ tendene1 se pfesunout na p r v n! slablku,
tj. za~tecn! slabiku rytmlckeho eelku; octne-li se na k 0 n e 1
takoveho ee1ku. ma tendencl posunout se na d r u h 0 U slablku, tj.
na koneovou slablku rytmlekeho celku.
J1na ta~ova slova s kOl!savim pi'!zvukem jsou napi'. Ip!ngguot' jablkOI
IbenlalY .gdvodn!,(v cele vety:) pflvodne,,vlastn!; Ijl~nkang'Ylbyt
zdravf; Ibl~uY muslt (neco ~lnlt); lyfnrue'Y hudba; /~ogul'r' drahocennYI
/dagal'7 prlbllzne. asl (tel ve vizn. podst. jmenat strucny obsah;
v tomto vfzn. castej1 s pr!zvukem na druhe); Ib1anhua,1 zmena aj.
Poznamka. Tlak akronym1ekeho rytmu se uplatnuje nejen v pr!zvukovan!
dvojslablcnfch slov ozna~enfch jako pi'!zvukove var1abl1n{ ve slovn!ce!ch
psan!m /xlanza1'1,/bt!'nlalY''/jlankangYIatd. - tj. vyznacen!m
tonu druhe slablky c!s11e! ve apojem s kolmickou, ale casto i u slov,
oznacenfch ve slovn!cc!eh t6novou znackou nad 0 b e m a slab1kaml.
Krome tlaku akronymlckeho rytmu se ve slovech,ozna~enich ve slovn!ce{eh
tonovou znackou nad obema slab1kaml,up1atnuje 1 kontrastn1
pr!zvuk, pod jehoz vllvem se u dvojslablenych slov zesl1uje pfedev§!m
t6n slab1ky p r v e, kdyz se totl~ kontrastne prot1 sobe stav! slova
s druhou slablkou totoinou, ale prvn! ruznou, srov. /p!j1u/./huangj1ul
-+ Ipfj1U/-/hwj'ngjlu/; Igangbr/-/qlanbr/ -i" /~ngbr/./q1inb'l'/ aj.
I "l "'" - 1 """ -: ",::J ".a l.ta~shl jl~keren, wo~zh1daol ta~sh1 m~1guo~d jlekeren, wo~j1u bU~
... -" I!" "-....zhldaole. 2.Aln1 zh!dao""bu""zhldao ta,-,mngt1an 1~1~buJa1? Blbu""
'- y(i't -" --
~zhldao, wtz~zenme~neng""zhldao ta..).al••..buJal? 3.Aml~zh!dao ta~zhldao~ma?
v , • BtWO
bu zhldao ta zhldao •••••••. e"-" "-'"
/
"" I/- .•••
b 1.Arn1 xlanzal jlu yao qu ma?••...... . '"'...... '-'"
......sh{j1an. 2.wo chIle y1 ge rda p(ngguo'" (d~ p{ngguo.) 2a.zhe p{ngguo
~ -- """ '-'" . "". '-
;' - V" 1" v" '- '" )-,
du~shao~qlan yl jln? 3.benlal ta,-,b~,-,xlangqu, houla1 ta bixu,-,qu.
Ja.zhe bi Sh1 rWO b~nlatdJlsl.(nebo:wo benle:l'-"dylsl.) 4.Zh'evShl Wo3
l~shangrblXu yong d don~1. (nebol b\xu yong'"d donhl.) 5oZh~ nl@). '-" .....,; . ""'-'" -'
Y9ngy~ jlankant? .5a.Zh(YOU shentl jl'nkang ..A,.,re'n I cal...,neng zuci
\ - 6 J ""'" ••••• - .••
zhe zhong aongzuo. .Atn! shl gao shenme d? wo shl gao Vl"Vue d••v ~ .............."., • ""'" "-' <.,JJ .~ .v
6a. ta1
,. M'lZ lryou yInyue tlanca1. (you y1nyue fang'mlan d tlancal.)""""-v ......." '""'. •••..... v
7.sh(jlan h(n b8ogul. 7a. bfyao l~ngf~l\ MogU) d sh(.1lan. 8.sh{jlan...., • ~ >w/
- ..,:1' - ..." " " 'll I '* "bu""du~. wo..,zhl gel....,n1 shuo•....ge""dag~l. 8a.da~1 •....d Y1.s1 J1u...,sh1 zhe..."xle.
Podst. .1menoIrenl Clov~k 1 jlna podst. Jmena
jako v~tny ~len z:tetelon vzmezovacJ (viz t~! ~63 YD250) YD 116
,,1 v v v '" r/ ... , ( '"
1.AIta. ren zhang d...,~o ma? Bthaovbu"",hao bu.•....zhongyfo. nebol bu Zh~IlQ8O">
Zh~mgy~Od shl renpln. 2.ta' d nanpen~ou I ren I kJshl zhen bu CU6.• •........v '-" • •••.... ••••....
" d) Yo / I / v " - v __
3.wo....,ergevdnupengyou ren bu zenme yang. mamahen bu~x~nuat1•...ta.
" '-"1/ •.. v v -.I' -- ~
4.ta r,n xlao Plqlvda, z~nme~ao...,d? 5.zhongguoren dc~shuo, ~uzhouren
f " 6 - -",. I" v ,/ Y " i"'''' ..b1.z.•....d~.
.felzhou...,d Kamall~ngren gez xl!l0. ~hI'en gez dt. .,.bu"ph1
qIngcf.l....,d""re"n J shentl z~nme.....n{ng ttao ne?
Kakuminaln! v "slovnost te~ YD 104 )
Final s nosov ml e ement p lpom me. fe flnaly s p fed n 1
nosovkou -n tuto nosovku prl eI'lzacl ztracej{t) YD 117
r ... - 0> - (0 .•• 0 ~ - )1 -an
~ -anrt 1.AI nl shang-banI' X1.8 banI' n1. shang X1.8 banr dOll zuo.•..•. ...,....,..."
h"h- "h- 1 .•• "" '" ""- "
a !nae..,c e1 B:wo sh!nae...,c e dou",bu",mo. z-C?uzh""qu.(wo..,zuo ah1.Y~-.;haor.)
...,... I "v"" 1;' ,,-
2.x1aoh~1I'men za1~m~nkouI'~nar wanrvql~I'~ne.
v 1.... ... "L;,,-ang
~ -angrl J.wo me.11e...,jl•....genr lach~ng~. 4.za1...,1~yue zuo....d~ch8ngr
"'" , 'I v" - "-j1ao...,laohangr, layue ye j1u sh1 y1n11 sh{·~~yue.
• """ v"""""'.
-en ~ enrl 5. yInggallhuan y1 ge hl~penI' •.....le. rgenr tal chang le •.(neboz"'wI "-'. •• •••••• ••••••.•
genr ta1 chingJe.) ®6.ta~you blng,d.e.1fu btfj8ng ta chou-,yan. tayhuo
me'l...,tian zhr~chou 1il~ng ....genr (l1~ng ....zhI) x{ng""bu..;x:lng. d.alfu ...•.shuO I
yl~en~l1ang..flenI' \ d~u-'bu""x{ng. Y\",kqu ye...•bU....-xu.•..ChOU.
- / 4 - " ••.. ~ "
-eng~ pengrf 7.wo bu vao zheme cu.ft shengz. wovyao X~ shengI'. ?S •.~ ~ ~ .~
zhet tlao Sh(jlelu dao shand"fngr I y{gong you) duoshao dengr?"""'" ""'" "-' .. .....,
•••• ",/ "''' v-lan
~ -lanrz 8.mal d1anr I'ou, mal d1anr cal, zuo dienr Moch1 d.
"""" • '-"" • """" ""v
4 ,,- - 1- 4
-ang ~ angI's 9.Alzhe~sh1 sh~nme~angr? BtXlhongsh. yangr. (At zhe.....sh1
shinme....yangz? Blx1hongsh} yangzJ
-in ~ -inr, 10. ta zhe# ge rln zuo shl. ........•........ """'"
{ v'
~e.)iaoYlnr. )
-ing-+-lngr, 1l.luz mle Ie. yl dlanrev' ...,
v -
huoxlngr
•
" "r... l.(... )r:"""-uan --7' -uanr, 12.baba gel~~rz zuole ....yl-../tlao zuole ....y1...,.ge xlao ...•ll!utou....-
( ".-)chuanr. xlao muchuanr.
'-"". """".
-uang -+ -uangr I 13.zhe"'ge da jld~n~ ••....
r v "( ~
you 11ang ~e huanFr. nebol you l1ang••..... _.......... .••.... . v"
J
you l1ang ge huangr be. B, nl.........• -..- -- "'"
"" .•...
....gehuangr.) 14.A I zhe.....ge da.....j Id~n
'V' "-."Jiu
dakal ~n ....kan,-,bat
-un -? -unrl 15.zhe zhong xlao q'lche I zh( you san ge l~r. lItou zhi'.....
'-" '-" ""'. '"""
...,neng zu'oxla l1~n~ ....ge.....,ren. 16.Ald1Y!.....,lunr I n~1,-ge~du\ qushang ....le?
Bljle'ke dui.. ...,
1- ;) /" " -... - '7
-ong 7 -ongrr 17.A, nl .....zhe.....,p1dayl(nl .....zhe~lan p!d~Yl) ztnme....1e.
,......., / - / - /'
chongr y~o.....le. 18.A.yu chl~sh~nme? chl .....ch~ngr~ma? Blchl. 1~~ran ....chl.
_ " ./ .,-you,-"zh~nmenr,-"d yuchongr gel .....tamen...•chi.
. " - V'..... I '"' - v
-uan~ -uanrl 19.haizlmen 1azh .....xiaosh~ur ba~laoshl quan .....zal q~nrll ....leo
-un ...••-unrl 20.mama gel wlwa I zuole yl tlaoxlaoqunr. ,lre1 %1'0 n~'er \v ••..... • ". v '-"
v '\ 4{' V"
y~~zuole""yl,-"tiao y.~ang_d xlaoqunr.
" ....."-long -+ -longrl 21.nel'-"'zhl .....muxlong
~30,2 Rozkaz vyjadren
a/II~.1-4, slovesem (casto mOdlflkovanym) bez slovesne prfpony
b/llc.5-61 slovesem se slovesnou prlponou (mene caste)
a/l.kual chi f~n. shljlan bu duo Ie. 2.kU~1 he.....•.... • .-- '-" a"-" -'" •
3.shul.....,ji~o~qut. mlngtlan \ h'l-../del shang-xu(.
6.gun. gUnCh~U' 7.kalkal me."n.guanshang chuanghu'
• • •
kU~iJiianr zoukaU 9.zh~nqlla1t 10. j~nlal. guanshan~mtfn~
b/1.nazh. wo xlan kalkal cheme'nr. 2.nl nazh. ta. $P'11 jlu.~n9.."zht. '-"" ~. --- . - .. --
~zher ~nzh. WO•....~Shangjiu~u11ai~.kanZh hi1Z'
, ~ ~
yaoburan j1u~11~ng_le.
4.guo1al. ku9.1t 5.zuOxla t
• • •
8.zoukal. zoukal,
~~0,3 (IIe.~-6) Vlb!dnutf pomocl vetne ~astlce /ba/ (0 melodll takovych
vet vlz USHC str. 63-64 YD 119
.3...., .., - - .J
l.women z~u ba, bu zao Ie. 2.be deng guanshang bat 3.ni cal be wo"-' '-' • "-' v • '-" -'......... • """""
..,shlshfl. %.n13
jlu yuanl1ang ta be; b1e sheng-ql let 5.00 deng rchul
""" --. v '-' ~ y '-'" • 'wi
Je"",bat (ml~ la ba t)ft.n{......J~chahe Ie bep\?1:>a_~dianshlrguin Ie be, {b'lshangbet.""" '0.../ ~ ••••••••• -' - • ,.".. v • v
~JO,4 VYJadren! zakazu pomoc! z'porek /b1e/,/buyao/ YD 120
a/1Io.1-4: nasleduje vyjadren! upos1echnut!
b/l1c.5-6, nasleduje vyjadren1 neuposlechnut1
Pozri.Ve vsech ex. zaporku /ble/ lze nahradlt zaporkou /buyao/.
/'-'" ......, 'J fiJ.... /. /, "
a/l.Atbie zou, Brhao, wo_bu zou. ~L.A,shel va bie gaosu tat Bli sh~.·v - '-" • -/" ""'"" -../ •
3 /' -, '" 3 - "
women sh!l1"ye,-,buylngga1gaosu•...ta. B2 rhao-,OO,women dc;u buyosu....,ta.
(nebol bU ~osu tal 3.A,renjla fayan d sh1hour, ni zu) hao blexiaot__. • '-" "-"" e,-"" '-"
" ,,- " v/"
BII sh~ a, wo bu vlnggal xlao. B2.hao. wO bu xlao Ie.•.........."'""•v '-'....... .
/'-" " V"........ ,,-'''b/l.A,ble
zou, B'{bu,wo del zou. 2.A,nl bi,eshuot Blbu, 1<"0 yao shuo.-'-" . -- -- ....., .""""'" •.......
3.A:nl bl{ k~n' Brbu, w~_pla.n k~nt
"""'" '-"". YD
121
~Jl,l (116.1-5) Vyjadren1 budoucnostl bez formaln(ch ukazatelu Casu
v 3 - y,- - 11 /
l.wanshang wo bu chuqu, nl 1a1 ba. 2.ba dlan zhong ta jlu hu~lal, n~••..... """'" •.................. ••........ ,-,. •..•...... """" "'-'"
"v £' 3 - '" "r'",zal zher dengzh be. ).mlngnian wo qu zhongguo, zanmen zat nar jlan.••...... . --' . ••....... '-'" -- .
" "(j ian mien.)v
~31,2 Form~ln{ ukazate1e budouc!ho casu
a/lI6.1-3r /yao/
b/1lc.4-61 /hul/
, ~ J "ll '" ,/ - ...-:'
a/l.guo~Yl....,hulr,wo~yao j~n",cheng. n1~keY1 gen~wovYlku~1r~qu. 2.j1ntlan
-,-" ''"'''' """" ""-"l!lenr~,dagal",yao xis.....yt:. 3.Arn1 yaO,-,Qu~r? Bljintian n~r~ye,-,bu...,qu)
/ v 1'- ,- ..."
m~ngtlan zaochen yaovqu tushug~n.
b/l.he name xle jill,rn1 yldlng hU1'*'zul. (neboI n1 y(dll'lghu1 zuL)
.-- . """'" . """"
2.ch11e zhe.....yao I ryfdlng hUl..."hao.(nebol y{d)ng hUl~hao.) 3.AIWO~qU
qi\(~ta, ta..,,-hul~ngZhU,-,wo:"ma? Bllwo....,x1angy1dlng. B2'b~,-,Y{dlng.
(nebor b~~1dlng.)
~)1.2 pozn. I zaporka Ib~1 pro deje bUdouc!
a/lI6.1-), bez formaln1ho ukazatele budouc1ho casu
b/II~.4-5' 5 formaln{m ukazatelem bud. ~asu /hul/
a/l.jlnt1an wanshang I wo~b~~j~n cheng~le. 2.A, ytjlng ban y~~e, shfnme.....
'-" ;," - /" '" ':/. "'"
~yu ye me! x1a. B,j1ntlan me1 x1a, yell bu xla, m~ngtlan fanzheng
- - . '-"" '-""'" .1 - - \.,/ '1 - 4 y- v
1 tJ.
nY bu ~en ~ege shuo, wo jlu gen_~a~shuo. .n;men bu~ma, ~men••..... .......,V
\J """'" '-'
~yao,-,m811e. 5. n~ bu zou. we.?jlu zou.
b/l.Alwo zh~,Jang wen~ta~rta bU'~hU)sheng-q~""ma? (nebo. ta b1f~hulsheng-ql""
v..... " - / Z
¥ma?) Blwo_xlang b~vhul~ba. 2.tav
shuo, ta y~dlng bu~ul zal~
\. ./ " .)
3.nt qu jle ba, ta bu hul bu jle ael nl ."-'" . '-" _v V' ~ 'wi!
9)1,2 pozn. II (11e.1-)a) za orkou /b1/ se tez v adru e neochota nebo
odkladan( uskutecnen1 deje Innostn ch sloveSlv mlnulostl
Pozna Pro srovnan( Jsou uvedeny 1 vety se zaporkou /m~l/ (jsou oznaceny
In1exem "a") YD 124
l.wo r~ng ta ZQU, ta lac bu zou.
-'. . '"""
\. ,,-.. -wenle~ta ben,-,tl~n,ta~bu""shU~. 2a.wo
).zuOtlan wo rang ta 1£1 I t~ bu 1'1,• "'" \0,/""" """"''"''
" ,. ,.,.wo rang ta 1a1 ta mel lal.v...., "-'" v.
" '""" / v
la.wo rang~ta z~u, ta mei""z~u. 2.wo
" ,,- L' wenlevta
banvtian, ta m~l~shuoo
;' "
j!nt1an xlang.....1al'-'le. Ja.zuotlan
~32,1 Moda1n{ a f'zova slovesa
Modal"'l slov('sa ~ ;'
a/ ve vetach kladnych
b/ ve v~t8ch zapornfch
c/ v otazk4ch
FSzova slovesa.
d/fazova slovesa /1'1/,/qu/
" -" I "" ;'.... V ,. " r"
a/l.zh~~jlan gongzuo wo~lang ta~n~ngvzuo, ta y~u,-,zhe,-,geneng11. 2. Zh~,-,
""zhongvshl (zh~~hOng shlqing I ) wO""xlang ta~g~nvzu6. 3. ~oturr~d shlr
v' ,,- v "/1 f /"lI
wo k~yl zuo, j1aovge1""w~vba. 4.wovY~o xue j1uvY;dlngvneng xuehu1,
" ;'" \.,,, \." "" 1/
wentl~shl wovb~vYao xue. 5.wo yao~qu ban~huzhao. keshl~der m;ngtlan,
jint lan wt del sh~ng-k~. 6. zhe zhong que-d~ sh'lr\ ta hU'izuo. 7. zhe~••...•.. ..'"'" '-' . .
~ zhong jlandan d sh'ir I ta hul zuo, btixuyao wo1nen j1ao gel taD- '--" "".v....",' """"""v
b/l.wo bU neng qu shut jl~O, h£i del gongzu~. 2.zhe bu ktY1 1 n~ bU~• -,,""" "-' v. •........"'" ••.......
""k{Yl, Sh{nme ke'Yl? J. ta b~ ga*'piping l(ngdao. 4.que~df dvshlr I
, v " 'lr I" ....
ta bU hut zuo wo zhiciao tat 5.zheme fuz~,d sh~r ta bu xiang zuo.
~ • ...,; ''"'' V • - "'-"
••. ~ - y'" " 1 " 4- """ r '"6.chi~nvy~ngtao bU,-"xuhe shu.;.yaoburan d~Z hulJou went1. 7. nl b':.
vyong shuo. (ni yongbuzh8O shuo.) wo m{ngbal 'e.v • - • ~
/ '" ... ( .. ... )" .., ~
c 1Mli n~ngvbu....,nengqu? nl n~ng,",qu.....ma? B.n~ng. 2 .Aln! g~n....bu..•.gan
piping ni~d...,l(ngdaO?(nlv~n plp1,ng n(.d.;.rngdao...)Da?) Bl.~n. rW~lvshenme
bU...,~? (w~ivshenme"",b~?) B2IbuV'g~ns bu...,~n. J.A.ni kfyivbu,Jteyi 1f~n..•.
v.... )"..." ..." - ...vW8n?(ni key1 wen wen ma? B.kev1, danshl wen sh~l? 4.AI zhon"guofan.e .••••. V.J \,./ • 0"
rni hU1.vbu""hUlzuo? (ni...."hu}zub"'ma?) B:jb§ hU), rnr' hu} ma? (ni hU}v
"r v'-"zuoma? n!."ne?) As w~Je bt(hU\ ••
d/l.zu6tlan ta"",1l1~ wo t shuo wovmel",oang tavd }!Iang. 2.ta~qu,-"w~n,r~ng .
1 - •• - v 2, '/"" ,
....huyang ta..."Q.uzhonggu,t..xUElxtr" J.~ma ...•q:u maill! yl.....,tlaoy,;. yao zuo
;" ''''' 4"" "'"...,.... I "'" "tangcuyu. .nl dengzh bfA, wo 1a1 da1 nl,quo 5.zhe jlan Sh1 wo 1al ban.t) -.-/ ~ • ~ """" ...........,1 .'-'
~32,3 l12d~l1n!slovesa,l~illaL a /ke'yU. YD 126
a/II~.l-J. /neng/ moci, dovest, bit schopen
b/II~.4-6./k6y!/ Maei, m!t dovoleno. smet'
c/v otazoe a zaporu se rozd!l mezl obema slovesy st!ra (v zaporu je
/bu~eng/ obvyklejs!)
a/l.Zh~vge_xUeShenglneng~yong zhqngwen xl~~zlni bi{d~~ueSheng\h~l~bU~
-vneng. Z"Ar'taJleng 'ba...,.shlqll'lgshuoqlngchu...,.ma?Blwo:.,xtangn{ng.
b/loXl~~xingqIlwo ....kfYl chU-yuan~le~? 2.Alxianzai nl...•..k€y1 hUi~jla~ee
" "{ - / "" .•..
Bq~an...,.mahu ~jl~? ~o.....hul. xuexl~oQ
a/leAlni neng bu rtenilka~ d man y1 dlanf? (neboi ni neng bu nel'lgka~ de ~ ~ ~ v ~ y ~ ~
man y1 dianr?) B. nengo (~aro Ail'll k€y1 bu k(yi •••? BtkeYl.) 2eA.~ v v • • lo.J' ..., "
~ L·- 'oJ - ," ••.••..•
-nl n~ng~bu~neng dao~feljlchal'lgvqujl~~tametl? Btl'l~ng.(var. Ain1 k~yi~
v ./ ZI" 'It" ••• - ••••
vbu key! •••? Bikey1.) 3.Alwo neng on neng yao yf,ge 'l.ba~ft xlujla.?••.... ., .vv _~_
, " - '" - "v V"
Bib~~neng. xlanzal gongzuo ~l~duo, nl~bu~neng zou. (var. A,wo k~yl..."
v. •... v" , " ••••.•
""bu.....keyl •••? B'ub':.....keyl •••, nl b~Jceyl zou.)
~33 92-J Potenclaln! fo~a mod1flkovanich slo'l1~!
a/II~.l-JI bez kombinacs s modaln!m slovesem
b/II~.4-51 v kombln~el s fakultatlvn{m modaln{m slovesem, ~ ~,. I
Pozn.Atonlcke modlflkatory - v dvojslab. sm~rovych modiflkatorech
slab1ka - nabyvaj{ v potene1aln£ forme ton a pr!zvuk (zpravldla)
I
V" - V' '" { ••• l y v
a 1.ta zhao1e"",b9.nj:lan zhaobuzhao. wo y••...qu jlu •...gel"",ta zhaozhao..•.1e.
2.AlzuOV'zal zh~r Inl...,t'!ngdeqIngChUtlngbuqlhgchu? B11tIng d bi ta1 qIngchu.
- " - "... - - "(tlng d bu ~enmeqlngchu) ).zuo zal houblanr wo tlngbuqlngchu. zuo zalv •....,.,.. ---.....,. v
qlfnblanr rjlu"",tIngdeqlngchu...}e. (.1lu.....tIngq1ngChu.....1e.) 4.Alwo..•.r~g ....la~.
- .,- -" -, '" /."
nl ..)l~zhut B,nl bl~ ..•.rel'1g'. wo..•.jlebuzh~t 5.zhe....guo tal",zh~ng. wo....nabuzh~.
<%:t. - 3' v' J r- .... "'c .." , ;. .•~.ta f~lV'yao",zoubuvke. womenz~nme~llu nebol zenme..,ll~) yeV'llubuzhuvta.
1
... r - " ( . tI' - ")' v.... r
b 1. zh8Jle .wo....eh!dewan. wO....k;yl ehldewan. z~lvyao gel ....wo. 31u..,
- '" J -,. ,,_ .•.•t.- """ehlbuwan.....1e.(wo..•.jlu ehlbuwan,).e.) 2.zhe...,x1eV'gongzuoy;,fie...,lJ.bfil wo...,
.. " ..- - r. \,,,. C v' •• ,. r ' - )zuobuwan. sh~.....tlan .11u..••zuodewan....1e. jlu ....keyl...,zuodewan. jlu ....ehabuduo....1e.
~)3.4 Roz1lsen{ slovesnfeh forem a vazeb YO 128
a/II6.1.21 k1adn' potenela1n{ forma modlflkovanfeh sloves
b/lla.1a.2al sloveso s gram.pr{ponou Idl a komplementemstupne
a/l.ta h~dehao. ke~hl zh! I bU'tal...,ha'o. 2.wo..,y.o zuO c! ,••.h~O,jlu Yfdlng
neng~uOdeh&O•
- " " v " , /. -.. "
b/1.ta dj1uar hua djl8.0. ta.J!rzl d•...huar bU",xJ.ng. 2.ta d gongzuo zuo d...,
"" ." -..."~h80. womendou bu 'M1 ta.- v ...r • ...."
~3).5 Modlflkatorl vyskytuJ{e! se jen v potenela1n{ formel potenela1n!
formy sloves. jeE mlmotuto formu s danfm mOdlflkatorem modlflkovane
sloveso netvof!
a/I16.1-41 modlflkQtor 11l~01
b/II6.5-8. mod1flk':tor Iq'!l
e/II~.9-1SI jlne modlflk'tory
a/l.ban bel wo hede1lao. yl bel.•..•..... '" •......
•• '.... '!It' v .J
vxla ge yue zoude1lao zoubu1lao?.V' ••••
v ~ ••
jlu",zoude1lao. ).Alzhe ..•.zhong
wt ke zuribu1lao••....
b/1.A,1Uxl~ng.11Ish:l dou maldeqr ma? Csh~l dou maldeq~ lUxlangji ma?)• """" >t",j • """" .....,;--
mIdangran malbuql". B2lgebleren maldeql". wo~en yl bQn ren ke malbuqr.. . ~ .--- •......
" '\. •• ..., •••••• .3 ,'-' \, 'I' ... v
2.n1 zh~vyang zuo dU~deq~du~buq~ ni,..A..•fumu?).n1 zh~Jang zuo t':l du~buq~
nl~ ....1~oshl ....1e. LJ..lTO:'qu""Zhonggu6IZu~buqr tii"1;11. zuo",huC5'eh~h8.1,.."c'Ouhe.
wt(ke hebu11ao le. 2.Alqu ee1.11nglnl..,
Blzhr yao maidezmLofe1jlp1ao I.•.... .
- "I 'y' $
gongzuo n1~u~dellao zuobu11ao? BI
0/ mod1f1k~tor 13ftl
1.ka1 qlche qu ha1 laideJ{,'-'" ...." '-'
2.j iaoz I rY1V'Xlaosh(Ylh~U
teal hao. (cal de,) dengde,iv ...- •
, - ,( 3 ! '" {zuo dl~nche-.Au ke:..,JluY.ding lalbuj Je.
(yf....,geJlaosh{y1:h~U ryf...,gezhongt6u Y'!h~U)
I nl~jlU~eng, dengbuJ! I nl~Jlu dao....,~imian~
-vqu chi.
modlfikator Ilall,
, "I v / /. ., -
3.Alnr gen....nl"'popo y~ hebulal...,ma.?Bto,:. wovgen..."we
- '" - 2." -"4.ta...,genV'sh~1douvShuobulalo j1u....shi gen~ta~dvt~uz
" ,,'"pope hai...,hedela1.
_ :z.
shuodelal •
...
'-bu....g~u""'net
mOdlflk6tor Ishanglal/,
6.ta Y'l..",tlngI ~lu q)"",dlh~ dOU,.fthuobushangla1..).e.(jlu"",qlJldou--,
'VShuobushan~ua 1a1..J.e.)•... ..
ID 130
~34 (110.1-5) Nevyjadrovan{ zQjmenneho p~edm~tu, neoznaeujiciho osobu
- .L - '" /. '. If ••• l.nl
dlule renjl~,d dongxl, jiu del pel renjia. 2.xlawu d hul bu ~i.,• - "".v • Vv J.--
'3" If- 'I'" 1('" v1e,
nl..,qu~osu ....tavYlyXlarv 3.Alzher hal~youvylvbei p jlu....,ne,nl~~vbat
B,~ole ql d p{jlu I sh'l hal he!~ ~ . ~
Jm~na. m!sta (te'tve runkcl. ze:lozek)
a/tvo~eru( pr{ponami, naprc /blan/,/mlanl aj.
b/odsouvanr t~chto prlpon v urcttfch spojen{ch
/
.•• [v,;' 2... "" ') V'
a 1.A,xiamian y~u me1,-You shenme~~r? B,m~lyYou ZlT, you,-11ang~ba
•. r: " "') "'... V' " ••••• ••••
jian. 2.AI shangblanr (shangmian shei zhu? , Bllfomen d fumu. 3.xlabianr d• e'-" v.. v
yl~lan I ta1bu z~ihu. 4.zu~blanr shl lrzishU~ y~ublanr shl l\ZlShU~......."'. • """ • v.
qlanblanr shl l!shue 5.Al ~hangmian (Sh~ngb1anr) mo d shl shenme,. ........• . . """" .•....•
"" "" """ ......• ""
huangyou ma? B,bu shl huangyou, shl re.nzao.,h!~angyoue......, ."""" ..,.
b/l.zhe xlao1our I shang-xl~ dou you 'cesuo. 2.juyuan zuo-y~u
'-" .. ""
t{ngchechang. 3.cong zher wang y~u I shl yO'uji, wang ,ZUO.
...." """ fl """"" _
doU you..~
V' •••
shl huochezhan •...... .
2 hodiny.
1.x1.nza1 r11~g d1arl, e, (l1ing d1an zhong 1e,) wo..,d;"1zo.U, e. 2.A •• ...., ~ .v v...." ...?
xl~nzal j( d1a~ B.11lng dlan zheng •
."'" ,-".
2 hod1ny 5 m1nut.
v" fj) , r: v .., v" ,,'1.A.
11ang dlar'r'le be.t at bu, 11ang dlan wu fen 1e. (11ang dian 1J.ng .j • V' '""'" """""" v •....., '""" '-'
,-,WiiJen,-.}e. r11(n~dlan guo•...wi;Jenv1e.)
2 hodlny 10 minute
':II' yo { "\J
4aYl.j1ng l1ang..."d1ansh Jen...,le, ~1....,bu.....zou....a?
2 hod1ny 15 mlnut.
r:.... ... •... {' ./ -,
5. douvguo~e (y~j1ng guo~e) 11ang•...d1an~y vk~..,le, wo,",hal~me1ehl .....f!n~ne.
2 hodlny 20 mlnut.
6.A. n1 jf dlan zou? BI11~&.dlan ~rsh{•• C11ing dlan ershl fen.).\",1 _ v. .....,...
2 hod1ny 25 mlnutr
7.~ou 11tng dlan ersh1wu 1e, (dou 11(ng d1an ershl.u fen 1e,) zenme~v .,-" ...." • ...." ~
" "~ta ha1 me1 1al?•..... •.•...
2 hod1ny )0 m1nut.
8.11e:ng.....d1an..,/~n n1•...dth ehl""y,o, ble .....~ng....,let 9.cal f'ila'ng..,dlan sanshf,
.... - r. ( , {(11ang.....dlan s!nSh1..,fen,) nl....,J••...shenme? (nebo. n1 j.~shenme?)
2 hodlny 40.mlnutt
10.A.huoehe Ijr~1an k81? Btl1tng..,dlan s\eh(. (11ang""dlan slshl..,fen.)
11.A:1{ojla, n1n
2
d b1ao j( dlan 1e? B h&' h{ - dl'"•• ••••• V" ........, .e ""ere san.... fn.
2 hodlny 45 mlnut.
12~rCOng.....11B:'ng.....dlan san...,ke I d.o .....sin..,dl.n san.....ke (Cong""11•.ng•...dlan
S\Sh1w? I dao..,sanv
dlan slsht"') ''dtanshl1'l' (nebo.dl&nshl11) youJ!.fie
zhongguo p1anz. IJ.c~ Y{ ke san dl~n le, lalbuj( 1e.v • ..., ""'. "'" ••••.••
2 hodl", 50 m1nut.
14.A.WO.-.....d..blao I shl. ~cha shefen san dl~n, nY d j( dian? B-.woJd bil'o~ - - '-'. ""'.fttw/ ••••. ....,
ye•........,sh1vCh~Sh(,fen san..,dlan. <5l5.fiijl I Ylnggai 11{ng dian ....ush! daoda,
'"' v •
'" ( "kan""yangz yao.•.•ch •....d'o..,le.
2 hodlny 55 mlnut.
.• . '" '" •••" •• "" - v/'£""
16.Alta~sh1 sh~nme~sh1hour lal~!v~cha wu""fen san~dl~n, m~l ch~~dao.
11.huoche I 11a"ng d1an wUsh1wU fen daodA. .ae'1jlng •.,./ •....... -v
~)5.1 (116.1-6) Gram. pr{pona /d/ u slovesa oznacuje zduraznen! vetneho
clenu pred slovesem (zduraznenemu clenu fakultativne predchazi neprizvucne
1.A.n13
sh1 shenme shlhour lal_d?(n1 shenme shlhour la1 d?) Blzuotlan....., ...., _ ........, "-' \".,0
~ "'....) 2 ~ f", I r. h v
1 1 •. ?
-.;~nshang. (zuor...,~n8hang. .Aln.l.menzhe....angz s 1"",n~.....n an gal-.;d
(ne1 nlan nai d?) B.you xle nlan 'e. (you nl~ntou~_le.) J.Alnrmen.,• '-"" ;}........ • v ....,r """"'. - voshl
cong.,Mer la''!d? (nfmen cong nar 1&1 d?) BIA>erme'1n!ya..~.A:rnl zh~",_...... ve....., • ,-
\,; ",. y 6~shl
cong.,nar t nl zhe cong nar) non~lal ,d? B: gu wai bait
-- ....,. - .-'
5.A~nr shl z~nme zuo d? (nl zenme zuo d?) Blme1 shenme, jlU 7-heme...... •. '-' • '-"" • \,,;" .vzuOvd.
6. rtimen....,sh1(tamen) "'d!ql~nnlan (nebol daql,nntan) mal.....A"qlche.
- r: " •• .. ( .. ~ ...) " "1•• o.....gege shl•....q']J11anbl..•.A....ye. q']l11anbl.,..A...ye, ha1""mel
gongzuo. 8.Alnrmen shl zenze la~a?(nrmen zenme la1.....d?}shl jlngguo'wi' • "'" • v •....••.
,- - I / •. ,-, J - "........ y
MOSlk~ halshl BUjlales1t,? B ••omen...,sh1jlngguo Fulankef~. 9.AI nl.men-.;
....shlz~nme",,1a\d? BI.omen shl z~ulal d, ta1nen""shlkal qlch~ lal d.
( 3 ...." J It': 1 - ~ -". ) r 3
Alnlmen z~nme lal....d? B ••omen z~ulalvd, tamen ka1~l.ch~ la1....d. 10. wo....
.....shl zal fe1jlch~ng (wo~zal ·feljlCh'ng)ryUjlan-.;ta d~ (pengj1an ta""'d.)11.
3 Y I - r,,, A~nl
•....shl ll'balj~ quylyuan k8.n'""ta~d?(kan""d ta?) Bll'1bals~n.
(sh1 llbalsan.)•..•. .
a/II6.1-)1 pred slovesem
b/II6.4-6. pfed adjektlvem
a/l.Alta zhen you b)ng ma? Bata..•... "'"
./" "" y "
~lal, danshlshl shang ge l~bal,'-'" ..' -- .....,
wo Sh\ bU~hU).
b/l.ta sh) b~n,
'-' .
..•.shuO""d Sh} du),
wo1nen zao zh1dao. 2.zhe sh1 gulf ke'Sh1 zhen l->ao. J.n1• """ J • • J& •........
wo...,winquant6ngY1o 4.shlj1an Sh)~bu~zao~le. wo'men
shl del ZQU Ie. yaoburan jlu met che 'e.• v "" ....,. """ .~
...• -jlankang..,.d""duo.
935.2 pozna Pi!slovce /sh\/ v prvn! vete souv~t! odporovac!ho ve vfznamu
slce ID 135
a/II~.1-41 pred nezdvojenfm slovesem nebo adjektlvem
b/II6.5-8. sloveso nebo adjektlvum se opakuje a pr!slovce /sh\/stoj!
uprostred
a/~n1~d y\jlan Sh) dU't.rkJsh1 tamen bU",tIng. (ke""tamen bu..,.t!ng.)you""
,j, It' '\ v r.., , "" ( .... '"')zenme ban ne? 2.zhe zhong vao sh~ MO. keshl shang nar ke..,abangnar"" v -.....II...,/". ...,;• v .•
qu,)J~\...ne? J.wo...,a1rensh}vhu!lal1e. k€shl y'!jlng shu}•....le. 4. rta
sh)•...al (ta sh}"x'!huan) he_j1ll, kJshl bU..,xUhe.
b/l.zhe~benr •....shulgu~ shi.....gu\, keshl zhen"",zh{de. 2.zhongw{n I ta•...xuigo
" 1 f " " - ;'..... 6
shl.,)Cuego.keshl Yl'..,ju...,huaye...,bu""hul...,shuo.J.A Ita bu•....shl zClu•...1e"'Da? :
rzou sh}..,zou•...le, (nebol z~u shl•...zou..)e,) k€shl mashang j1u""hu{lalJe.
"i)A.... "" ... r.: '- ,,(... h
4.zhe .....dao1r·ta...,d~ngShl...,dong1e,j1u""Shl bu.....anzh zu~. bu.,...anz~
....daol1 zuO.)
•
YD 136
~J5,J (IIa.I-3) Po slovese /sh't/ nasleduje v!tnt clen ~jadreni pf!v1astkoyfm
vtrazem S prfponou /d/, podst. jmdno je zam1 eno .
I.zhe huar I shl w6men yuanzl11 d. 2.zhe~xle hu~r I sh1 w6na'er hU8.,d.v .••... • v"'" '"" • ---
J.zhe....h~ rShl~ta •...z\jr (nebol sh1~ta z)j'1')gen~wo .....shuO•...d. 4.wo~.,d
d1anz~daz1jl I shl conl' Be1jing m.iilal~ •....,; ...., . ...."....
~ 6 (I" V/ / '/
~3 Ruzne funkce pr~slovce jiu
Ff!slovce /j1u/ je nej~ast~j1 nepr!zvu~na preak1onka. ktera sev~k
casto z rytm1ckych duvodu, takjako ostatn! predkIonky. pr1k1an! k
predchazei: c!mu virazu, z:jme~~ je-11 k~a~kY (n8~~~ je~no818bi~nt)
8 JIlalop izvu~nY. Tento Jey, J~f. zn~lJe J8~O enkl~t~zac1.. .
§J6.1 Pi!slovce /j1u/
a/llc.I,5-9. v neurcltem vfznamu nuze, tedy. proste
b/II~.2. v druh~ vete souv~t1 vyjadruje,ze prvn! veta Je k n! v urcltem
vztahu podrazenost1 (nejcastejl ~asove nebo podm!nkove)
c/II~.J-4. pIne t6n1cke a zd~raznene ve vfznamu prave. a zrovna apod.
a/l.wovjlti bJ"zhe •...c!dl~n I xlan j1~~gelvnl. ylh~u I rnl:del Z\j~~l.
1" " .•. \ J -_..... ••.•
(nebol n1~del z}jl•....mal.) 2.xlanzal women....jlu chufa~ba. z~o~yl~1anr
•..... ..,.... ".... ,,, 13 {:
zong•...b1•...""Ve hao. J.n1 Jlu•...qu zh!o....ta•...ba. ta bu....zfl nl_J1u hu 1al.
b/1.nl rangvwomen zh8vYang zuo. wo~en~1U zhevYang zuo. CU~le I n!vke
"; , ,'~ '"' I ~ •..
fuze. 2.yao....chl Jl,oz. wo~Jlu gelvnlmen zu~.
..• " , ... .. r " c/1.ta
m~ng1lngvwo ....zuo • wo jl~vbuvzuo, ql~•...wo, hal•...chabuduo. (hal....
""chabu1{:r) 2.fwo Jl~vti'Oyan (nebol WO~jlU t~oyan)lzhe~Zhong ma'nvzu!.....
~36,1 pokrac. (IIc.1-6) Ff!s1ovce /J1U/ oznacuje bezprostredn! b'.ldoucnost,
nejcastejl prekladame ..hned" YD 1)8
l1qYng zu9•...ylvZuO (qrng zu~•...zuo) I wo Jl~v1~1. 2.n1vgaosu •...ta1wo jl~vq~.
'1:'-" .... / •... ... /) 3 - •.•..
).f~n, mashang jl~....de, (nebol mashtng jlu~e, nlmen ch!v1e zal....zou.
4oshengdanjl{ I jlU~aO dao1e, nl m;lhaole 1rwu....le~? 5.jl~""yao
shu\ jlAo 1e, (nebol jlU yao shu) jlao Ie,) ble chI Ie.V' ....,; '-""......" • ....,.;. '-"
9J6,2 (116.1-J) Nepr!zvucne pr!slovce /~lU/ zdUraznuje bezprostredne
Rfedchazej!cf urgent ~su ;nej8astlj1 prekladame 6eskfm:jl! YD 1)9
1.wo zao jlu zhldao I rta....me1an (ta mel anzh) shen1ne"'~oxIn.(var. I• __ v • ~ '"""• v.wo
zao jlu zhldao I ta.,anzh.,shenme h~oxln.) 2.dalblaotuan I zu6tlan.~ - ~ .
jlu•...dao....leo Jota wli....su1 I Jlu....kalshl.....xue gEi'ngq{:n,-",l~.
"'l'" .,."
(2pr. sarno n~pru.vvcne)
6)6,2 pokrac. (IIc.1.4) pf!slovce /J1U/ zduraznujeAc!slovku ve funkc1
bl1zs!ho ur~en! postverb&lnfho p¥edmetu nebo cfslovku v ramcl kvantltatlvnfho
komplementuf nejCastejl prekladame ceskym jen, pouze YD 140
1.jlntlan rta1
jlu chile (ta zh'Ychile) y{ dun fan. 2.1-<A0
3
jlU Jlango...."'- "-' """" '"'" ...." --- 'v"
~ '\ ~- V .I' I r'" ,~ta (wOvzh~ jlango....ta) Y~•...Cl. J.women~la jl~vkou....ren jlu....zhu
(zhl zhu) zhe 11ang jlan ~n wuz. 4.Alzhe shuang xle jlu ershl ke1ang~v '"'''''''' "",. 'r" v....."
......./.. V".,
keneng ma? Brzenme bu keneng?fev • '-" .
§J6,) Ruzne funkce spojenf /jl~Shl~
a/llc.l-)I zduraznuje nas1edujfcl jmenny vyraz
v1astek vyjadreny vetou)
b/lIc.4-51 /j1Uvsh1~le/ jako dovetek dotvrzuje danou vetu. vhodne prekladame
prlslovcem tak nebo dovetkem a hotovo
c/Ilc.6-71 v souvetl odporovac!m v ce1e druhe vety, prek1adame nejcast~jl
jenze, avsak
d/lIc.8-91 v souv~t! pr{pustkovem v ce1e prve vety, prekladame 1 kdyby
YD 141
(ktery casto mlva pf!-
- 116 it
v - I it - v B 1 141' h1 60_
a/l.Alnel~benr xlaoshuor jlu~shl~~ xle~dvma? I sh•• ~ ~~s v~.
(j1~~Shivta Xi~~d.) 2.timen yong~d~angf~ I ye~lu~hl w2men~yong_d
fangfa. J.ni.•...zh1:'~""ta I {r•....bu bingzhu•..ta. zh~,Jih·""shi ntJd bUshi-..Jle.
b/l ta V8.0 ni gei ta rj1U sh1 Ie. (neboljiu sh1 Ie.) 2.n1 bU x'Ihuan,-",ta•• '-".' • ...., V' """"" V '-" ••..•..•
b1e.....gen.....ta l€lwang \IhU""sh1•....1e •.(neboI j1u...,shlje.) 3.rta:-sh1
'f - ,/" v r:, (shen.11ngb\ng.(ta.•...shl f~ngz.) n1~b1e~1;vta jluoJsh1~le. nebol j1u.....
....shl le.)•.....•
v' .., \ 'It ~... "ll r
0/1owo h!n...,x1ang dao zhongguo qu kan kan. jlu shl mel~walhu;. 2. zaI•...
.....w~men~1811 (za1vwomenvJ1a) 1 qlngzhu ye.•...k(yl. j1U~hl~wUZ bu.•...k~nOhang.
dlfangr bu cia. J.ylnyuehu\ I felohang Mo. jluit
sh1 za1 zu) h(;u , xl~le••...• ......,..., '-" v • """'
.... "-J
vd1anr...y~.
, ",,'" "",", ,~
d/l.j1U~Shl sh~umaldao guhuar. ye~bu~u dalohu guojl~. 2.j1uvshl tavz!J1~lal
Jt' •••• I.... , , ':l jl' hI'" - .•- he l' I - ....
q1ng-..."O wo...ye bU•.•.hul qu •.I' u..,sJ.ua uU9s o~q an ye""sh~umalbu11~0•...ta.
~3? Pr!pona plurality (men/ u pod!t. jmen YD 142
1.h61z1men dou~dao h~lbl~nr.....qu.....le • .11811l~ngjlng~e. 2.l~oshr lai~.,n •...le.
xue'shengmen dOU._ZO.u.,le. 3.nel ge guo11a I jU'nrenmenqw;(nl1 t~1 d~ Ie.~ -- .'"'" ~ ......" "-'"
4.rshlblngmen (zhanshlmen) I bU neng sU1-b1an chula1 •.~
a/ aton1ckou pr!ponou /-wu/
b/ ton10kou pr!ponou /-yuan/
a/l.x1'anz'a1I shlj1eshang ..d dongwu I yue 1a1 yue shao let 2.zh!wuyuanlfDl
- .'-'" '-' """
v' , '" ~- - "." ••.
ye~you :r;dal~zhuru. ).kaohe5hang zhuang...A.Jsh1 sh~nme•....huowu? 4.zal.....zhiYlv
...I.. - 2, ••. r: Q) J ,... It' -".
~dal you faxlan1e shenme kuangwu. 5.kuangquanshu It Iyou hen duo (han.,,-,,""'" --- ,-",. --
'-"hendu~ rh8"nyou hen~du~) k~ngwuzh\. 6.t8je zh~n sh1...,..gerenwu. laobalXlng
he£.xthuan ta..•.... ~
" -" "-b/I.ta za1 kexue~n gongzuo.
"" ., ·v. -,
3. ta ~hu za1 ne1 ge y1yuan?~ 'V ••••••.••••.•
.. vI 3 - _. '" •.•.
2.shangwu women qu canguan mlnzu juyuan.
. "" """"'" """".
~38.1-) Slovesny pf{vIastek zakoneenY pf!ponou /d/, vyjadreny
a/IIc.l-)1 slovesem b1!ie nerozv1tYm (v ustalenych spojen!ch)
b/IIc.4-61 vYrazem. jeho~ jadrem je sloveso
1 - - I -- '-' r/ '-'
a 1.AICh! d•.....dongx:l sh~nme'""'shlhour qU...,mal? Blm~ngtlan'-"'z~oChen.(m{ngr.•..z!osb&",.
rmi'ngr Yl....."z~or.) 2.zu~ d""ylshang lrb(zal ,m1tOu ~l d (bl ~ltou ma\ .._.d)I
g~ng'-'heshi. 3.dlU d dongXl r;~odao-..le. (nebol zhaod~oJe.)
b/l.ta,""y~ng d dongxl I dOU~hl zh~ngguo...,d. 2.mel~ge ren fa-y,{n d sh{jlan
shl'-'shfwl!Jen zhong. 3. j!ntlan wc!menhe d cha I· shl zhongguo pengyou
song gel wo d h~ChQ'. 4.Bulage I j1nn1an youle Be1jing kaoyad1~n, qu chi d
.•..•... . ~.~'"'
~ - I" '-"'" ,'" 1~en hen duo. 5. wo g~ge qun1an ma1,"",dnel~llang jl~~qlche xl~nzil
ha.... ,... l••..pao••..d
bU..,cu<]. 6. tamen•...d nel"""Uang"""ked~ lrZ1Shushang ..d l'r'z I
- " ./ - .jlnnlan teble tlan •.
~38.4 zamlcovan1 podst. Jmen~ po pr!vlastku vyjadrenem YD145
a/IIo.1-21 jednoduchym s10vesem
b/lIc.3-41 rozvlnutim s10vesnym vyrazem
- - - v , r l'
a/1.chl,"",d he d d~u mal 1e. zal,""mal~lanr chou d...,ba. 2.zal 1ushang nl .
__ " v ,,~ ~ --y'you
shenme kan d ma? mal benr zazh~ baa -).AIBu1age h~owsnr mat you ......, "'-' • ....,. __ \.".00" • ..., • '-"
.z.. " .2, v' V v ~ '-"" /'
...,shenme,-,k~n~dma? (you~henme kek~n d....."ma?)Bly~u a, G~cheng, Xl,ocheng
v'- -- '" - 4 -- - .- I
he ~ocheng, hal~ou wangg~ng. .zh~~d)zh~~d. zh~ng~ he ch~o d
/ .•..
sh~nme cal dou you.
y /...... -- .,."
b/l.Alzhe nJ.vshl cong n~r_ nalal...."d? Blzhe....."sh1nl'-'wsng zal Wo Jl~11'-"d.
~.Alzhe'-'dOngXl shl n~r 1a"t d? Blshl renjla s~ng d.
YD 146
~ 38,4 pozna zamlcovanl podst. jmena po b11zsi'm urcen! vyjadrenem
a/Ilc.1-71 adjektlvem nebo nomina1n1m vyrazem (zakoncenfm prtponou Id/)
b/lle.8-171 c!s1ovkovfm nebo delktickym syntagmatem (zakon~enfmmerovim
slovem)
a/l.zhe:shl zh~ngwen d. b{ Shl ylngwen~d. 2.zhe~shl w§ d, ta d ta,-"ne:z~u .
(
" ,. .,. v
,"",Ie. 3.zh vou huang d, bat d mel you le •......,., .. "-" - -- "'"'......,;-
I
"...., (2)" .•.. -....; ", '...., -- J
b 1.zhe .....liang~t1a~.....Yu t~l~xlao, wo bu...,y~o. yao nilv11ang~t1ao. 2.wo.....yao
" •.... " '"'" -" J.... .zh~l~ge.
ye...,.Yaon~l ge, l1ang ge dOuvY~o. 3.wo...,.Yaozh~1~ji....,ge, b~~ao
nei jl~ge. 4.zhelylanr mle.nbSo rt~l,-"hOUJ(nebo: ta1,."h~u,) wobu~y~o,
3 r:.... ,. -- ....)
wo yao nelyianr ~o d. (~o d nel planr.
/
byt.
YO 147
a/II~ .1-,1t-, jednoduche sloveso .b/II~.5-71
slotitejs! slovesny v{raz
pezn. Slovesa a slovesne vfrazy na konai uvedene vazby prekladame
zpr. vetaml vzta~nyml, u~elovfml. lnflnlt1vem apod.
/' v ~ .... ¥ '\ •.•. ) ? h'
a/l.ni~laivba' y~u~d~fangr zhu. (y?u~nl~d d~fangr zhu. .z er
/ / / r:/ '" ... ,/ @
d~ngran you~mei shao. 3.n1 bl;~lal. m;l~dlfangr zhu.(m;1~n1~d
... ,-'" '" / '" - 1
zhu.) 4.zher chu melt hat nenS/:met me1 SMO In« °
••...... . .•.. "'. ""
b/l.n~you shljian kan~dianyrngr. mei~sh(jtan gel~mama xte~)n.
hut sh\r?' 2.you qianlg.al gaojl ll~oyangyuan. zenme mt! qlan.........v ""-""................... • • '"
/ " "" - vxuexiao?' 3.wo met banfa bangzhu n~.. .'-" . '-""
Chu mei.- .
YO 148
~J9,2 Predmet uy~~~ni prepozicnfm slovesem IbB/ Je ozna~en jako urclty
a/lle.l-51 delkt1ckym slovem, vhodnym pr{vlastkem nebo t!m, ze je vyjadren
osobnlm zajmenem
b/rI~.6-81 kontextem
Pozn. Sloveso ve vetach s prepozl~n!m slovesem loa/ biva "vidove" ur<!eno
mod1fikatorem, kvantitat1vnlm komplementem nebo zdvojenim ci pripojenim
slovesne pr!pony (nebo vetne castlce) Ile/
a/l.ba n~l liang qlche xlull xlull, rmada (fidongjOr) YOu.,maoblng.'-""......". . '-" . . -, "- ,. .... I V' - I
2.ba,-,zhepi~n,-"ren~dy~o r~ng-..lle'3.M~ni~d shu ~o"yt~bao. 4.
ni~MJli z),jr~dwUz rShCi'uShi,-,ShoUShl.(Sh~UShl-..Ylxl~r. );nebo, nl_blf...,nl
zlJl d wuz rshoush1 shoush1. (shoush1 vi x1ar.) 5.ba
3
ta j1ao dao wo~• '-'" "-" v ......, '-' "-" •
~Zher~lal. 6.kU~1,ku~t,-,ba~taji~ohUilai' 7.wo xiewan~le I ba:ta jlao~
......get Sh(i? 8.ba,-,woI ba...,nt'I dOu,-"su~nShang.y{gong cal b( ge...,ren.
b/l.ba,-,shud~kait 2.ba"""qlchek¥iguola1t 3.ba•...wuz l~h~UShl,-,ShoJshl.
- ~ "(shoush1
yl x1ar.) 4.ba..yao chixlaqu'. .........- \,../ -,.
~39,2 dokonc.VazbY s prepozlcnfm slovesem /ba/ senepou~!va
a/1Io.9-11, pf1 potencialn! form~ modifikovanych sloves
bl pri slovesech nevyjadruj!clch konkretn! ~innost
Pozn. V uvedenych prlpadech je predmet v obvyklem postver~ln[m
nebo v antep ozioi.
a/l.wo xiulibuhao zhe liang qlche... •.... '-'
- / - I 3
~neng Chu~gu~. 3.jintlan women
mfngtlan zu'O.(nebOIZhr~h80 m(ngtlan,""ZU~.) 4.ytylng p(jlu I wO.....hebuwa'n.
rnl bSng wo he IDa? .(var. nl bing wo he No.)
0.., "'-' • '"" ~
" ... I '"" 'oJ' - Y
b/1.wo hal .....mel k~ngo ta~xleyd xlaoshuor. n~.....ne? 2.ta,-,danggo g~ngren,
, , (I ,. v .• ' v xlanzal
shl ~nbu. 3.zhe ge went wo hal mel kao1udao. y~hou kao1u .....
""'. -""'" """" .
YD 150
§J9,J zaporky 1.ostatn! prls10vee v postaven( pred prepozlcn1ml slovesl
a/II~.1-2 (zaporky)a 1ICJ.2-15 (ostatn1 pr1s10vee):pred prepozlcn1m slovesem
100.1
b/IIc.J-ll (zaporkY)alle~6-l9 (ostatn1 pr1slovee):pi'ed jlnfml prepozl~n1ml
slovesy
" /r:- v: '" - 2'- .) .•••...•
a/l.nl bU~bavqlan xlan g;i~wo. (nebol xl~n gel .....wo; wo~lu bu.....neng gel .....
" - ,,,,- .. - .•.
ynl~l. 2.wo mel bav
gongzuo zuo~n, jlu buvhul .1la. ).wo shuo1e ban•....
./ - - ..• - I - V' 3"
..,I tl~n, ta~ea1 ba zhuoZ shoushl 1e. 4.wo y~ shu<] ta..)lu ba wOJao
" J .
.1'.e""de{dlan s(;ng1ai .....le.
·b/l.wo bu gen ta lalwang. 2.wo mei gen ta shuogo zhe~,jlan ,shl. ) ••....,. v .'w' "-' --
" ~ - y'" r. ,. - ( " -')wo mel gel nei ~e gunlan~ xlego~~n. ta hushuo. ta hushuobadao •
."" -- "'" .., ,... of '1 ..•
4. baba hai",huoZh, 1Il!1""rang~tamen gelyongs. 5• .11ejle ye~en,-,d;dl
- \ \. - ~ 6 ,. " 11shuogo
n"...,.yao....•qu zhongguo d.,yhlr. .wo zu<]tlan eal~el..J1el ge gunlang
hUl1e xln. ~.Aln1 ge'i n1 m~lmel I hu{ mel hul x1n? B.zao hu{le xln leev .--- v "........ ....,,;
3... ,. - -" - .,
l.woJao m';tou d. b;tyao bol1",d. 1a.nl zh~n"'shl mutout (nl zh-:n"'shl...,kuaitt-.
mtitout) Zh~ shl shuO nY ne. rnl zenme mil bu m(ngbal? (nl zen-mehai .....'-' ..." ~'-"'" .•....... ••........ -- --.
( r-, .". It " .•. fii;)
....,bu.....m ngbal .....ne?) 2. I zhe.....shlyl .....t1ao (zhe.....shl .....tlao) yong",dajrualr-v
I' I - (... &t ".- Jr...... ,..,sh~tou
pucheng d sh toulu. J.zhe shl sh~nme~7u, zenme me1 g,:tou?
(zenme mei",c).?) Ja .zhe .....ren I zh~n"'me'l gutou, wetle .....dlwel sh(nmevSh\r
, ,,' It - •..••I/,' - 1 ..•..
do~gan. 4.b~ .....neng.....rang tamen.....l1a zal-71kualr gongzuo, tamen",lla
shl du\ tou...... .
YD 152
(jednoslab. attrlb. slova bez pr1pony Idl v pr1vlastku
za morfemy, tj. slotky slo~en1ch slov)
al v pr!vlastku
povatujeme jiz
bl v pr!sudku ve vazbe spredohazej!c(m slovesem Ishll a prlpojenou
pi'!ponou Idl
Pozn. Vlz t~z ex. v YD 26a (attr1but. slova /nan/ a/nfr/)
a/1.zhe bU...,shl ~~nbit(o. shl b61J!nb1ao. k~ndechulai. 2.y!nzhu6z
Pla'nYl. bu. ru jlnzhu6z gulf 3. jlnn1an sheng d nllh{1z b1 m(nha1z duo.\/ ..•.... -". ""' .
4.Zhe...,gOngCha'ng1'i'd nllgOng I b~JU' nangong duo. 5.ta~d..,.nii'er yl'jlng""
"" '" '" '" I V'" '" •••• ':f /
vyoule nanp~ngyou. ~rz ye..,.y~jlngyou..,.len~pengyou.
'1" '" - ,;' /" ..•. V'" vi .....
b/1.ta..,.d..,.jlezhl shl..,.balJ!n..,.d.b~-phl y~n~d. 2.da1b1aot~n11 l1ang..,.ge..,.
...• -~sh1 nu d, san ge sh1 ruln d•....., '-" '-"" .'-"
~40.1-2 (II 9.40.2 0.1-5) Slovesna pr(pona /zh/ pro dej prave probihajici
nebo dej soucasne prob!hajlcl s dejem jlnfm; pi1 neko11kanasobnemprfsudku
stoj! zpr. u slovesa prveho. nebo U obou (nebo u ~adn~o) YD 153
r:
'
v ....•• " - \ ...• -''''' -
1. gage l~o cr.1zhv
fan kan...,b!io.(gege 1!-0 ch1 fan kanJ:lIlio,) mama
V' - ~''''' 1./ - ....""'1'
lac shuo.Jta. 2.zal zhongguo x1anza1 ha1 you hao duo funu baozh
• - v """" ""'.
xlaohilr I wanshang qu ~n dl~nYrngr. 3 .A:~:ama lallzh...,.ohedao..,.n~rquvle?
- / Jf''' 4"" •..• ;' I" ~
Blwo ~ng hu~lal. bu.....zhidao. .1Iang..,.gehao..,.p~ngyouzuo'-"zal....ylqt.
hezh.....j1~ 11a'ozh.....t1i'nr. 5.hezh•....JIU 11,{OZh....t1inr I caryou,.i1s1..,.ne.
6. ta zouzh zhouzh I j1u z5"ugu61eme"nr. ?.yeye I Icanzh~nzh d1ansh)• """" • v
j1u shulzn'o 1e.•••• OJ
940.3(110.1-3) Slovesnapr!pona /zh/ oznacuje trvajlo! (staclonarn!)
polohu - YD 154
1.la1 jle taJi ohe I zal..,.menkourtfngzh. nl rang ta k~l __ylvdlanr.
2.b9.ba xthuan zal zaopen11 ~.OZh. 3.cong shu(11 chulal \ ta1
,11uzal~
"" • v""""
halblanrshang tangzh •
•
940.4 (116.1-4) Slovesna pr!pona /zh/ u tranz1t1vnlch sloves muze
oznaeovat, ze dej pi*e!ei ve stay YD 155
fZ\. '" •..•. '3 2- ~ / ••••• 3 ;' ~
~~.Alqlangshang xlezh jl~e~henme z:. Blqlangshang xlezh jlyge sh;nme...,z~?
Alw§'...ye.....bu~hld'9.o, shi a1abc[wen.~.gUOl1 zhuzh JI.....ne, gU~Jl_hU1l jiu...,
~sh6u~le. ).blngx1ang11 I fangzh blngjl1{ng ne, nl y~o ma? 4.AI. ....., """.""'"
zhuozlshang 1 f~ngzh san zhl zhuoz. y1 zhl get nY. y1 zhl g~l ni ma, nel""""" . .•..... --. -- """""" •....... ,.'-"
hI 1 h/.1•...::::' ? D 1 '""1 1 ba 5 ,..... '" .-~z ge....,s ~ ucr.one olge ~ na........ .hul1 paozh,-",ch~....,ne,nl..,.h~..JD&?
§40.5 zaporka /me1/ u sloves s pf!ponou /zh/, oznaouj!c!ch
a/II~.1-2. dej pfi~omnf
b/II~.J-4. dij mlnulf
a/l.wo me1 t&ngzh. zuozh kQn shu ne. 2.Alwo me.'i._zuozh, tangzh nee B. ni,...'""" . . ....."., '-' _......,
.....zenme la? Alwo blng lee B.shenme bing? A.ma1 shenme dabull9:'o d •. ....., """- - . ......, •...•... ""--'
<f ,,(.f) {V -"..., "!: -3.tamen m~lvhe2h p j1u, he hu~ngjlu .....ne •. 4.wo m;l~chl p ngguo, chi
xlangjl~OJle.
1
.2. ,,'"'.. ••. of
b/l.wo,",j nlal,",d shlhour, ta .....me1 tangzh, zu~zh~e. 2.~o ~njlan tamen.....dv
/. 1 -" .•• ..., ..• - ""''''''
...,shl.hour, tamen dou.....zhiln.....zal menkour 11aozh tl~nr'-"'ne. J.kan Yl.ge'er .....
.....wang d ~hlhour I wJmen dou you 1e rzuor (zuowel) I met z~nzh.• ....""....,.- • v "-' • '-'"
~40.6 Pr!slovce /zal/,/zheng/ prave a
a/llc.l-J. u .sloves nemodlflkovanych
b/II~.4-6, pr!s1ovoe /zheng/ u sloves
" /'" /;vvyraz zheng zal prave
/
" '- ••••• "lI (' ••• '!:r' "lI r;; "
a 1. ta zal"'gel me1mel xle",xin. ta2Jlc";1vgel melmel xle~x~n'-"ne. ta zh';ng .
• " V' "lI - ~ it v· " " v "
..•.tal. gel...,me1mel xle.....,Xtn.) 2.mama zal:...,zu0..Jf8-nft!'n.(2.\un.t,zuo.....,.wanf!-nv
ne.
r: " ... v "') -" 3 ..." I r: '-zheng./za1 zuo,",wanf~n. 3.chezhanshang youy1V'ge nanhalz za l"",ma1
V''- ..•.. "V'''- 1 ""'V' "
wanbao. (zheng zal mal wanbao.) 4.ta ~al xuexl hanyu. (ta zheng zal• '-"" ,-"". .....r- • ....,/
" ..... ....•
xuexl hanyu.)
•
b/1.ta chula1 d sh1hour I wo Zh~ng jlnqu, SU~Yl wo zhldao'ta 1a1go lee. '-'.......... •................... '-""
2.wo g9:ngyao zhantA1 I rta Zh~ng,-,Conghuocheshang xl~lal, (ta .....zheng__x18
hUOChi,) wo ytyan jlu .....kanj1an.;aJe. J.W((bU....;:hld~O I ylnggal zenme
"'- ...-(zheng guola1 ) y1 11ang chuzu
. '-" '-'" '-"
hu( j1a d sh1hour I r;h~ng k81guo1a1
'-" -""""'-"" .
",qlche I jlu jlejue w~nt1 1e •.....,. v
~40.? Vetna castlce /ne/ v t~ze funkc1 jako slovesna pr!pona /zh/ a pr!slovce
/zll/ ./zhengj( sarna nebo v komb1nae1 s n1!111>;p:f1 zaporce /me1/
u slovesa nejcastejl v komb1nac1 s nf{s1ovcem /hal/ YD158
a/IIC.1-91 ve vetaeh kladnyoh
b/llc.10-121 ve vetaoh zapornfch
/
".... """, •...•. ",
a 1.A.nl __zuo shinme",ne? (n1 gan",lIIf",ne?) Blkan sh~ •.•..ne. Alhflz1men •.•..ne?
"lI" .3..... - '" ,. ".,
Blshul......,j1~o'"'ne. 2.women zheng eh1zh /~nJ1e. ta lal 1e. 3.yeye zheng __
_ ,.,/ " I""
......eh1zh. ,fa.nJ1e. b1e mafan ta. 4.xueshengmen zheng shang-ke nee
- . '-/ .'-'
•.. /
~.p1ao. wo ha1 mel.J. ....., '-"
.•.. ,
kal net nl kual shang ba •• ~ '-' • v
"" ;1'." ;'
2.",0 zheng suan net hal mel suanWl!nv
" '" .....,
..... '" / 4 - Imal ne m(ngtlan qu mal. la1dej~. .che ha1",
• "'"'" t. ""'"
I 2 - - - /
5.shul' hal....".melk~t__ne,~lle za1•...ql eha.
___________ sloveso /juede/ (v zaporu /bU~jU~de/./ju'bude/)
YD 159
a/ ve vyznamul mft poc1t.ze; clt1t,)ze
b/ v postavenl pred pr{sudkovym vyrazema cltlt se (nejak)
a/1.da1fu I ge't wo d8'le y1•....zhen. wo",jue"de I shetou fii.....,mtf.fa~m~. 2.ta •....
.... ".r r: ... "'- "'1) I zhe ..
vShuo •...d rrang~nl juibUde (rangv
nl b~~juede rang",nl juebuehu1, bU
shl zhen d.••...••••...•• v
b/l.A an1 jUfde bU"'jUe~e lei? (nl__jue'de 1~1•....ma? rn1 jUede 1~1....,buJe1?rnl..,/
,-,juedel~1,-,bU?) .8'&1'181 ke'y1. bi ta1 jUede lel. 2.z0U •...d mfnJl..Ji1anrJ rjlu
/.." ""'.' v" ",-.....ju~bude"'1el. (jlu b~•...juede•...1el,) zOu•....d ~1, jlu~u1 juede~el. J.tl~n,../
- .... r / - '" ",•...t1an(r)
ch1•...zhongguofan, jlu•...ju~bude x1nxlan, (jlu b~~uede xlnx1an,
rjlU'mft",shenme xlnxlan •....d....}e.) ch1•...Xi'ean I reai.....suan xInxlan. (eavuan....,
.....,shlx'1nxlan.)
~42 Jmena. je! mohou ve vete aamostatne Tystupovat jako preverb&1n!
urcen! Casu, naor. /xlanzal,l llYn1, /jlnt1an/. dnes, /qUnlan!t vloni aj.,
oznacujeme jako jmema casu. Podobne 1 jmena, jez mohou ve vet~ bit samostatnfm
ur6enfm m!sta, napi'./BeIjingY PekIng, /shangmian/ nahore.
/ll'tou/ uvnltr aJ. oznaoujeme Jako jmema mista .• (Jmena m£eta 1 ~su
Jsou vidy sloTy slo!enfml.) .
Obeena slova jako /dlfang/ mfsto, /ehusuo~1 mfsto, 10kalIta, /sh!hour/
doba, /xlngqr/ tfden aj. jsou oby6ejna podstatna jm~na, Jet se ve v~t~
stavaj! ur6en!m m!sta nebo casu teprve napr. ve spojen! s delktiekyml
sloTy, se zalofkami apod.
§42.1 Ur6en! casu v postaven!
a/llC.1-4. v cele vit~ nebo mez1 podmftem a pr{sudkem
b/II~.5-8. pred urcen!m mfsta vyJadrenfm vazbou s prepoz1~n!m slovesem
a/l.jIntlan m!ngt1an I wo met you shljlan, houtlan d8hout1an.. ...., .."'.... •.. ''\ '" - '\ ..•la1. 2.n!1~shlhour wo•...ben~d yaomtng, 8h~nme~dou x1angx~n. 3.qlantlan
daq1antlan I dou X1a"",Y11le, zuotlan zaoshang real t{ng. ( yu ea1.~t{ng.). ...". -...,;. '-' -
4
v" / •••• V' v" •••• •••• - ~ 1 V' 1
.wu....,d1an•...y~.Jee zou, wu;....dlan.....,'o!-njlu dao~...le,zh~n hn. 5.tamen l1a
j1nn1an x1ang qu zhongguo mei~queheng. 6.wo x1E1'ngjIntlan q~, zul.,...,./. --. '-'" . """""'" -.•...• "... "~hao xlanz~l jlu~u.
•....
wo.....keyl
i: - _
_ zai~Ji~l1....-chl.zhongwU \
b/l ha"l 1 I r: "" ha - V' "" - •
• z men zaos ng zalvJl~~chl, zh~ngwu za1~xuex1~0~chl, (zaoshang
zal~xu{xl~011 chi,) wanshang zalvl~olaovnar chI. Y1h~u hUl~Jla shul....-JiQo.
2.j!nnlanl zal..,BUlageJlan"ml~n. mfngnian I zal BeiJ!ng Jianvml~n.
3. r"Jmen san ge (wdmen....-sa)I xlngqlYl, san, wU.zal xuexlao shang k~'-"" ., . .'........ . ......".
x1ngql'~r, s! I rza1 laoSh~Jiall shang. (zai l~oshl Jla11 shang-ke.)••.....
4.yrqlan zal~Beljrng I mil~name~xie rent xlanz~1Izal Beljlng I rtn
duovd bUdel1~o. 5. zanmen mf'ngnla'nI za1 Beijing jlan mi~n. (zaJmenv. •.....
( 1/ I V' - ") 6" "I \, " ...
m ngn an BelJ1ng~J1~n. .shang ge~yue zher hen""r;, zhe1vgevyue~
g~ngvre, tl~n zhIdao f x1a~geV'yue zenmevyang. 7.AIBelJlng Zh~1...,sh1hour1
Shlvj~dlan?(Alzhe1vshihOur I Be1jlng Shl Jf d1an?) B:shlvzaoshang qldian.
~42.2 Ur~en! ~asu vyjadrene YD 161
a/II!.1-1s podstatnyml jmeny (nebo spojen{m c{slovek s merovYmi jmeny)
. s pflpojenYml z~lozkami 11r/,/yrhouY./yrqlanY aj.
b/II~.8-1l. slovy /y!houY,/yrqlanY,jez jsou y tomto pr{pade jmeny casu.
nlkollv zalotkaml
all.ryf~geJu~n' (zal~yL,geJuelr) wOvkeY1 ba.)'l't'menyao-.;dwe'rizhangt
xi~chulal. 2.1I1'f1~ejiekere'n I yl...,nlan1l'zhr""nen~l.l'tl1~ng.....cl xlongyall.
J.~lg{V'Ylqlan I tavjl~njUe fandu1""gQlge, gaige jlnxlng.....y1h9U I ta~jiU
•.• 3 v 'I. v-\' I~' /' "l. . "
buvzenme fandu~V'le. 4.11ang~tlan y1ne1 n1v
dei l~l~lvc~. 5.zh~~bU
, Ir\ '" ",." "1 " " v 6dlanyrngr y~~nlan y1q Ian (Y:Lvnlan qian) shl b,,:.....,hulrang yan-.;d. 0
r:: "" ,. ( ~ /') I r." - 1 1 (hal1ang•....nlan ylqlan 11ang...,.nlanvqlan ta hal~mei sh~ngx a al.....,ne.1...,
/
",mel ta ne.)• v' v
YD 162
q42.J (110.1-6) Kvantltatlvn! komp1ement casu v postavenf z~ slovesem
:1 " v '"' \ r;; " y •.• ( "y -) y'"
1.A.n1:vZa1 zhel.....jia 1iiguan zhu j~"tlan? yao""zhu Ji....,t1an?B'lzh~....-zhU
yLy~. eong•.....mf'ngtian..,.qI'I rj1u zh~...,wop!ngyou Jia. (jiu zhu,-,zalvwop(ngyou,
.,j1a.) 2 ."0 y~o qu 1fuc{ng. dasuan zal Bo1{n dal l1ang tian, Budapels1- v """ •....... .•.•....••• v
da\}I~n,-"t1an.zal""BUlage'dal..•.y(.ge l'I~1 t haoh~or w8'nrwanr. ).zai .
moslke j wo1nen IzhY....,t{ng1e(zhr t{ng11U'Je) yf-fie,-,XlaOsh{,rmfl,-,nenghaohaor
(mei,""nenjJMo~orvd ) canguan .....can1
guan. 4.yao"""xueha~zhongw{n. q(ma ye' del
~ ,,, /* -"""" '"'" - '-" wu
11u n1an. 5.ha1 mel xluhao~e. ha1 del ba jlu 1al t1an.-' __ V' • ••••....• a'-'" '-" .......,
YD 163
§42,J pozn. Kvantltatlvn{ komp1ement casu muze oznacovat 1 dobuL ktera
uplynula od uskute8nln! dan6ho deje (v~ta je pak zakoncena v~tnou ~lc!/le/)
" "" I " Yo ••• ..., - \..., '" /' V' "" -
1.da1blaotuan lal1eV'yl...,.ge1~~1~le. zheng~t1~n lao,-,hu~tan.n~r hal"",douV'
..•• ""~ 1 yo -:-. ....- "" vV' .••• \\
....-melqUjne. 2.xled~ng y~jlng qlandlng1e 11ang nlan le.).zumu qushl
. "-'" '-'" .r""'.' .-"
ryrj1ng s:n"",n1abe. (yrjlng-...yous~n,""nlaA:le.)
~42.4 Vzajemne postaven{ ,redmetu (pr!padne nomlna1nl slozky objektovych
sloves) a komplementu ~su p 1 sou8asnem jejlch T,(skytu YD 164
a/II~.1-7J predmet Je vyjadren Jlnak nez osobnlm zajmenemlPo slovese k1ademe
nejprve predmet a sloveso znovu opakuJeme s komplementem ~asu. nebo naopak;
po slovese nejprve po10f!me komplement casu (opatren~ pr!pono~/d/. jez
muze bit 1 fakultatlvnl) a bezprostredne, j1z bez opakovan{ slovesa,
pr1poj!me predmet (uvedeme vazby se vyskytuj1 tez u objektovfc~ sloves )
b/llc.8-9, predmet je vyjadren osobn!m zaimenem, zajmeno vzdy zustava bezprostredne
u slovesa, tj. vtdy predch'z komplementu casu. Komplement
casu se vy jadf! bud" tak, ie sloveso znovu ope.kujeme a pr1poj!me komplement,
nebo komp1ement prlpoj!me bez opakovan! slovesa primo k zajmenu
a/l[ta;".zhaoqlche"",,1{ngj1an(r)I zhaole y{ ge'""yu~,(ta zhao~e y[~ge yue,-""d
_'" ...." '" V' rshf,-,nian...}~ (wovdengie
qlche....,l{ngjlan(r),)zUl"",houh~lsh1 •.....mel zh8.odao. 2. wo deng"'fangz~d~ngle
"" r: v {(y"., ... I ~ ...
sh!•.....nlan~fangz, wO,-,denglesh."""nlan~dfangzJ daovxlanz~l ha1~me1 zhushangJ
ne ?,SIIO k8.n shu I k8.nle y( sh~ngwu, (wo kinle y1 shangwu shUt rwo kanle""'.oJ.... ...., ••....•.....• .., •.....
Y(vs~ngwu,""d shU,) mel..,chiiq.u.~.wanshang I rWo~n..,.shU kanle lao.....ban"""tlan.
(wO,-,k8.nlelao.....ban..,tlanshU,) ~1shl shulbuzhao. 5.wanshang I rb8ba Xl~ •...
,-we"nzhang f xlele li"obe.nvt1in (~ba xlele lao""'ban•....tl~n we'nzhang,) ca't...,qu
'" .•.. 6:3 ~ " (/L) .•.. "'" -.... ...- - ....
shu~~jlao. .women san-buvsanle~lao •....ban"""tl~n,(sanle laoJPan tl~n bu.)
cal•...hu(lal. 7. Jf.....ge.....pe"ngyou zal•....chagu~r11 I rl1ao.....t1anr ·liaole-.,yi ..•.
"'" ,,\...... - 83 .•.. (3) ....
•...~nshang. (llaole yl...YtnShangd tlanr.) .women...-qusan ylyu1r::.,b'l-jlu"",
V'hu{lai.
b/l.wo deng ta
- ;'
,-,zhongtou le.)
"'"
rta y1 sh!-ngwu
I dengle 11!"ng•.....ge'-'ZhongtO'u..Je.(wo deng""ta l1~ng•....ge,-,
2[ta zMo....,n~tZMole"Y1 ....shfngwu, (ta zhaole .....n1 y(...sh~ngwuo
••...• ) "'V I%L r "" ""
dou zhao'-'n1. nl shang nIll'quJe? ""j. wo qlaovta qlaole....,
'-'Ml\....t1an) (wo q1aole",ta b8.n...,.t1;:n,) ta dOu""me1ZhUY~. 4 frt1~qu qu~n~ta-./
"'v. (3 '- It",vYl.,-",hU~r.Jnl",qu
qu~n quan,-",ta,) rang,-"ta b1~•.....ku,__}e.
Upozornen!. v II. cast1 v ~42,4 ex~c.1,3-4,8 ajinde me byt slovo
IZhongtoul hod1na uvedeno s erizaciifakultativni.
Pozna Pi1 opakovan! slovesa se pffpadna v1do-casova prlpona Ile/ pr1pojuje
/ / v at k opakovan€mu slovesu. srov. a/1-7. b/l~3
942,5 zaporne vety
a/IIc.l-), S urcenlm casu pred slovesem YD 165
b/II~.4-?1 s komp1ementem casu za slovesem
a/1.wo,-,na'er I j1nt1an me1~shang-ban, ta...,.b!ng~e. 2.m(ngt1an wO,-",bu,-,q~,
-;' ,,;,, v/,\./ /'
wo~~ma la1. 3.A1Yl. n1an...,.ylnei xlebu~n...,.ma? B, wo_xlang x1fdewan ba.
4
... 1""' .... 1 r '-", "'... '>"\.... /"
.zhe~e l.ba1 Y j1ng zuobuwanle, dei x1~~e ll.bal le. 5.A,nl bu shi
rsh~ng 11be.1 (shang ge H'M1) 1a1 d me? BI rnar a, (nail,) zuotlan ca1• ...." •••••..• \,J ••••..•.•••••...•. ."""'. • '-J
./ ......•• fL ", .•.. ... v v
....la1. A,~, sh1 zh~'-'Yang•.• ~.nl bu shl x1~,-,geyue cal zou ma? ha1~y<]u
sh(j 1an~Jnet
b/l.ta jlang",ke I yll1an jlang1e l1'ng,fie...,.znongtou, wO.Jiou t1ng d rznl"",
kUnG (Zhl fa k~.) 2.wo zal ta nar rmet da1 j'! tian, (me't da1 duoshao...,.'-"" . ....,,/ .....,. """ """" .""" "-' .'-"
~t1an~) zn~ dal1e 11ang t1;n j1u hu(la1 le. 3.ta jlang ke j1angle'ha1 .'""'" . ""'" '-"" '-" ••....•...
,-"me1 dao yl 2e zhongt6u, jlu f'lhuOyao...,chuqu rchou yl zh1 yan. (chou !?:hl,v .~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,-yan.)
4.'110 m{1 qu yl zheng t1an. zh'! qule x1ao ~n tianr. 5.'110b~ x1ang
zal fe1j1chang t deng wU ge zhongt6u. j1u't'"8.0 cheng!'!' : au zh~n1e yl.,""" ....,.-.." '-' ~ 4...,.... __
,-",quanr. 6.wf keyu x1sng I Z91...,.ts..Jl8.r~o ge dS ban'-/tlano b'u..,gel j1u""
•... v' / •.. (......s~n
.....1e, W<]ke.)Del name..)C1e~sh jlan.
~4J,1 pfls10vce ly~uL YD 166
al ve vfzn. opet pro dej opakovany v mlnulosti
bl emfat1ckv pro dfj op~t uskute5neny (prfpadn~ soucasne uSkuteciiovanf)
T p~{tom~oati nebo d6j. kter,ta8 Jiat6 uskute~ni v bUdo~cnoati
c/ nepf:!a.vul!n6 ve v!zn. pf'ece odkazl1Je na ellfatick,v zddrazrt6n$
j 1 n 1 ~len Tit,
I
", "'"", ... ", '" {~\
a 1.ql~ntlan ta_mel 1a1, zuotlan y<]u",me11a1, z~nme hu sh4r? 2•
.,. 1,/ ,. 1 ... " - t ... 1 ' 12.. ~ ~-ke""
xueshengmen zuot1an mel a1 shang,-/k!, j1n 1an y~u me ~a , zenme, U5 ._
•... \,/ - ;' ,. .•.. '......le
•...ma? J.bu,-,zh1dao ha1x chlleOJ
shenme, zuotian y~uJaJluzJe. 4.n1....,
"""" ~ y '~zenme
y~u",gen ren da-j1s",le?t
b/l.n1,-,z~nme y~uJ.{1~le? 2.n1....,zenmery~U sa-huang? (y~u shuo-huang?)
":l.ta.,s.1ren I zenme yO.usheng-ql le? 4.bu*zh1ds.o (neboa bU zh1dao'11
J _ .....,. __ ."""""
hll1z chIle sh{nme, you la dUz lee 5.ta y~u chIzh f~n kan shU, bu 1("""" •••....• ""'" v • """" ••....... ......,
\3> /' 1 \ .••. , ,~V' '" /'
,-,women. 6.ta xuex1~d~h1hour y~u~kanzh d1ansh1. z~nme~neng xuexl~d~
....... 1./' .... - - ....
.......hao ne? 7.ta..$enJen shuojllU}..)i shlhour, y<;?uehlzhV'dongxl. tl2-1~bu .
/ '" l' ,. ..... v ,,~l'(meo~le.
8.AI ta m1ngt1an bU~I~1. Bata y<;?u,-,bu~lalJ8., n~ zenme~x1ng ne?
" ,,\ r: '"" v'""..... (v '-'
e/l.n1 gan,-,~ ge1-..-tay~ zhunbelle Y1Jenr. y~~e1 ta zhunbelleJl~
'- .It,,,· - - ,......fenr.)
ta m1ngt1an YOU~bu~I~U 2 .n1, :we1 shenme p~plng~ta, you bu sh1
ta d cuor.(neboanl wel shenme pip1ng ta, you bU shl ta d cuor.).-.../......., . v "-'" V • ....." """ ••••••••....,.
~43,2 Ff!slovce Izal1 a lro(11 YD161
Pr!slovce Izal/l
a/11~.1-2. vysloveno pIne pr!zvuene ve vfzn. zase, opet. znovu pro deje
budouc!
b/11~.5-8.vysloveno malo pr!zvucne az aton1eky v postavenl za zduraznenfm
ur~en!m casu (110.5-6) nebo za casovou vetou (116.1-8) ve vfzn. ai,
az pe.k. teprve pak
e/1I~.9-ll. vysloveno zpr. pIne ton1eky ve vYzn. navlc jeste, nad'le
Je~t~,(vztahuje se ke kvantltatlvnlmu komplementu za slovesem)
Fffslovee /h&1/r
d/ ve vYzn. jest~. v zaporu;jeste ne
I v 4 .'!_"''' " '" L
e 11c.3-, vysloveno zpr. d~-azne v plnem tonu.expres1vn~ ve vyzn.: stale
jest~. v zaporu:zase ne, op~t ne, stale jeste ne
,,- .••. •.• \ - '" r" - 2'a/l.mel
guanx1, jlaoshou x1ansheng jlnt1an mel sh~j1an, wo m(ngtlan keyi.~ ~ ~ ~
z~1,-,lalyl..."cl. 2.z~1 tB:oq\, r'jlU df nl le. (j1u yao d( n1 le.) 3.Zh~ '-' pian
'-v " 3 - 6\ v/""""
bu hao, wo za1 xle yl plan. ~.wo~ey1 m1ngt1an za1 la1 me?'-"" . .....,. ~ .'-"
I
v :1 It ..." I ..... ,...- "-b l.wo 11ang dlan zhong zal ch1 wufan ye x1ng. 2. 'shangdlan (puz).....". '"'"" -... ~ ......,
Y1J1ng guan....-mfnrJe, n1 Zh(hao mfngt1an za1 ma1. J..11nt1an wo me't sh(jlan,
m(ngt1an n.f za1 lai baa 4.jlntlan bu x{ng Ie, n1 m1ngt1an za1 la-1 ba.• '"""" '-"" "-" • ••••.••... ""'" • "'-' <tt.-/
5. rl1n ka1y:n ylq1an (lfil ka1yan zh1 q1an) I za1 qu maPJpl~o \.11 "1b "-•.•...• .•.... ~ • ••.•. ~ u ,-",me ud~o...,
""Ie. 6.n1 x1an k8.n \ran zlf( d xlngwe1 I za1 shuo b1eren .•""""'" ~. v '-"" ••
/
'-/" •....... v: ". t ! - - c
1.zhe .11u bu cu~. z~1..fiel'-'wo la1J'1...,.bel ba. 2.zhe~.p ngguo zh~n xlang zh!'ft...,
......da zhen n1anyl, y1 ,11n tal shao, rza1 la1 ta (nebo I za.1 1a1 ta) 11ang.~ '-". '-'" --- . ....., •........ "-" "'"
- <1 v. - - - ....-: v ,,- tI""
......san~j1n. 3, wO~YIJ1ngdall~.s~n~t1anV'le, de1 z~u le. z~1~da1x1aqu, ren.1~
.... v" r Z!-L;." "(' ." "
j1u yao taoy~n~le. 4.n1 "d8.vl1ang",x1ar, n1 z!l1"'ge1 ta 11 x1ar, rnl z~t'"'
""Chu{~ta jl x1ar, rn1 z~1~da....-~jl~xla.r,) dingz jiu ..•.bu hui hu<j'dong...,le.
I "" '" "" " ...
hal mel xla ke ne, hal za1 xuex1ao net....., .......•--- ••........ . '""
huoohe j1u ka1 Ie •.., ..,
e/l.t1an dou hel Ie, ze~me h~1z1msn ru'1 zal jleshang ne1 2.xlanzal y~j1ng""'" ."-' •........ "'" """'"
v" - ) '" "' ••• , / •••
WI} •....dlan•....zhong""le, zenme halz1men h~1..,me1....xla..,ke....ne1 J.n1 hal....buykual
shangqu? huoohe I ke jl'Uyao k;1 1at 4.nl y~oShl hal k&obuSh~ng daxue,. •......... -- . """'. ""'
j1u del q~ fU blngyl ,e. 5.h~1 bu he ya, cha IjluJao ,1ang let 6.nl~...,/....". "-" • .....r- • ~ "'"'" ....r. ......,
'''' -.... I ' ""
..,yaosh1~1,""bu....la1 oh1, o~l ks..,jlu....yao mei~le.
q4),) Ff!slovoe 1%41/ v postaven! po zaporkach ve vfzn. "vice uz ne,
uz ne" YD 168
9/110.4-6,9,10. po zaporce /mei!oznaeuje, fe se dej u! vice neopakoval
b/lr~.1,J,7-8,10,12-lJ. po zaporce /b~/ ozna~uje, te se dej preru!11 a
v pr!tomnost1 uz netrva nebo se neopakuje, p~fpadne, nazna~uje-ll kontext
~s budouc! (1Ie.l,8,1), ze se prerus{ a nebude dale trvat nebo
se nebude opakovat .
o/II~.21 se zaporkou /buyao/(/ble/) ozna~uje vyb!dnut{, aby se dej prerus11
a dale netrval nebo uz se neopakoval
Upozornen!. Po zaporkach /bu/,/buyao/,/bie/ se na konci vety zpr. klade
jesti vetna dastioe /le/.
a/l.ta....zoule ylh~U, j1u mel•....zal 14"1g0. 2. ~hl1e nel•...y~o, (chile nelv
yao
yrhqu,) blng I jlu m'1 zal'""f~n. J.ba~ta~f~ngChUla1 yrjlng~ou sin~
" yl1 '" ... '-'
..,nian....le, oong n~l....shlhour~q~ ta~jlu m~i~za1 fan-fa.
b/l. 'ChIle ne1..,y~0(chIle ne1....yao y'!hqu), blng I jiu b( ....hUi za.1Ja.n.
2.zhenZh~ng..."d11a'oj1ele -.,;taylhoU, pengyoumen j1u..•.byJal bu..•..n:....ta....le.
J.ta xu ehu 11e•....d1anr Zh~ngwen, fjlu renwel (31uy'!wei) l1aobuq!-..J1e,hfn .
....SMO lal shang ke ,e. 4.nI' bU xl'huan tIng I 1'103
jiu bU zal shuo ,e.v ......,.~ '-'" • '" \"..I' "-'" .~
5.zhe bU haoohI. rylhou bU' zal mal Ie. (yihoul 1'10 bu zal mal Ie.)""'" •.................... '-"" ......., •....••
60hele zhe oha, j1u bU hui zal k~ Ie.""". ......,.. "'"'" """"" ."-"
o/l.xla~ol I nl~b~ao za1..,zhe~yangzuo~le. 2.nrmen b~ao za1•...qIfu""
.....ren...,le.J.n(YOU...,.b!ng,jlu..."b{yaozal....chou-yan he..,j1'i.Je.
YD 169
Adjektlva tvorena oslabene tonlokou predponou /ke-!
l.wo blngxlangl{3)1 me'i shenme kehe d. nr yao he, zhr you zllalshul'r le..'-' ""-""........ """" """"'" ."""
'''' vv if...., -.... ,
2.zal~her m;i shenme kemai..,d. J.zhe~e xlaoren zhE2nkehen, ta..,hal1e
- """,/ •.... " - ,-,' " -hen duo rent 4.xiaoha1z shuo darenhua zhen kexlao. 5.renjla shual1e••••••• c>""" '-' • • '-'"
Y.Lj1(0 yOU .....shenme...,keX1aO...,d?(nebol r{nj1a. shualle Y1...,jll'0,you-,
She."nmelrexlao.•d?) 6.xueshengmen dao xUnql laoshl1al 1e, tal kexlao ..1e •...,,-. - """ e""" ~. --
,....! ,. •• V'
Vyjadren vyrazu hod1na, mlnuta, vterlna, jde-11
al 0 casovf bod, kdy se nejaky dej udal nebo uda
bl 0 dobu, jak d10uho nejaky dej trva1
...., v V 'y'" ""'" ~ ,
a/1.wo me1~t1an zaoshang wu dlan~~n q~~ehuang, wanshang sh~...,dlan...,ban
YihOU'eai qu shul, 2.huoche I ji,rd1an ling san fen daoda.
. '-" --' "-"...". '-'"
b/1.Aln1 me1...,t1anI shut fjr,y;e....,ZhOngtOU?(jrJlaosh{? rjrJe x1aosh!?)
Blq! ge dao q! ~e.):>anx1aosh!. 2.t8! ah1 raan ~lan 1a"'t.,d, (san d1an"",v "'-" ~ _ • "" • ....".... -- • v
zhong 1a"1 d,) za1 zher dalle raan ~e zhongtou. (san xlaosh{. raan ere"""" '-"'......... •• ~ '-of • •••••••. • ~
~ x1a'osh{.) 3.y1...,qlan~...,ba1gongchl' I tav
pao1e sl....lensanShl~....,m1ao,
- v "
zhE;n bu""z enme""Yang • YD 171
~ 44,1 tazkova slova (zajmena, jmena casu a m!sta, delkt1cka slova,
c!slovky ve v slovnostl zpr. re1atlvn~ prizvucne, p1n~ tonickeve
funkci tazac!, ve vYs10vnost1 malo pr!zvucne a~ atonicke jako slova
neurclt~(V teto pos1edn! funkcl arov. ex. 2A,4A. 7.A.9.10A.l),
14 prvn! B,15A - srov. tez II~.1-7, T da11!ch funkC!ch srov.ex. 11 B,
1 ' ••• _ J '" .•• L12 B, 14 druhe 13
l.wo d x{ngll t~l,)!uo..,le,nlmen sh~lvneng s9ngJ3ong }f~J1e? 2.Aln~d ..•..
vx!ng11 ta1...•.du~, She1vyaOsh1 ...•.neng s~ng~song~n1 j1uJhao 1e. B'Shfi neng
" ...., y'" •.. 3 ;' song
song""wo ne? nt neng~buvneng song songvwo....,ne?3.Alsh~1...,nengbtng...,
v y;, ",. L 4 ;';' /
...,bang.....wo...,ne?n~ neng ...•bu..,neng""ne? Blneng, wo.....neng. .Aln1 b1~~zhao-hJ
wo yfd1ng zhao she~b8:ng~bang n1 0 BI ZMO ...•sh{1 ne? A In1 b~g guan 1e,
...., If- 1':. - " v' ......f~nzheng
hU1 you""ren 1al...,bangzhun1. 5.Arnl shang n~r~qu? Blma1""d~ngx1~
'-',- v," " v " ""'"
,""quo AIIDa1 sh~nme..)lu? Blma1 shengdanshy qu. Albu,-"z~oma? Blb~"",zao.
6 . v _1'" /" t '1 vi d ,.. .•...
•Arnl.....x1ang ma1.....Pianrvsh~nmesong~elv a. ma ...,.lanr sh~nme hao~e?
8,nY shuo net? 7.AIXla-bin y1hoU rn1 1&1 y1 x1ar, (n1 shang wo zhere'"" ••••.• '-' """"" •••.•. -'
•.• ....., 2. r . 2' "
l~l...,.Yl...,.xiar.)wo ge1....,n1k~nvd1anr~shenme. BIn ~lang ge1...,.wokan .....d1anr
•• -" ;' ~ y " I'
shenme ne? Alx1an bu gaosuJ11, 1al1e, nl z~j~ kan. 8.m~ngtlan shl. ••........ ~ "". ~ .......,.
~xlngq1tl~n, zanmen snang...,.n!rwanr...,wanrqu ne? 9.m{ngt1an sh1~xlngq1t1an,
zanmen shang nar wanr wanr qU_,ba, ble vou zal jial1 pS,0 vi t1en. ®:to.AI...., ••....•. "-" - • ....Y '-" ..J ....,.
tI'" """" "'v-;# /' /
n1 shenme shlhour l~i, zan~la haohaor 11~0~11ao. Blsh~nme sh~hour~ne?
'" v' v " " ""''''A/xla ge yue zenm~,yang? Blhao, jlu xla ae yue ba, n1 da d1anhua A?• .....,.'""'" - ~..." v",...." • ..re
11.A,shangwU I wo~bu z~l d shihourly~ wo d dianhua ma? Blmel you,\.,/ '-'" """"........ ......,. """," V • .....,
,. " ,. (i).. - 0/ ,.,
sh!nme~d1anhua dou~mel~you. ~2.Aljlntlan ma1~d1anr sh~nme~cal~ne?
r( .•.. {Y ')""" Blsu
~nl b1,n, (su •..}1J.••..d bl,n, n1 M!l~shenme, wo chl shenme. 13.ta
- •..•. ,." 3 '"' I ~_ jlntlan~nshang
1al. zanmen ge1 ta zhunbel-fthenme ta x~nuan'-"'chld
c'albat 14.A.wo3 d dlanshl r you ~ianJ maObing. BIrnei tlan (deng nei ,.~ ~~ ~. v ~ ~
3 :to.... ~ I '" if. "vt1an)
w0-AU gel~i ~n kan. Aln~1 tlanvne? Btn;l tian wo hal bU,-",zhld~o,
v"',, - '" v nl
deng wo d dlanhua bat l5.Alta shuo Ie, ta hal keyi j1ao jl ge-.,./v.,-, v....... '-'" • ""'"v
... - r - I v ~ "
xuesheng. B.jlao j.~gevne? Alwo•...gUjl ye jlu•...sh1 ll~ng san~e.
~ 44,1 pozn. Opakove:n! tehoz ota'zkoveho slova v prvn! 1 v druhe'vete
Bouvet! I pfl pfekladu do 8estlny otizkov~ slovo prvn! vgty vyjad1ujeme
zdjmennfm slovem vztaznfm, otazk. slovo druhe v~ty zajmennfm slovem
ukazovac!m
a/II~.1-41 zajmeno /she'1/
b/II~.5-61 zajmeno /shenme/
o/II~.7-91 delktlcke slovo /shenme/
d/Ile.lO-121 otazkove virazy /~r/,/z~nme/,/z~nme yang/
e/II5.13-141 otazkova slova /duoshao/,/jr/ .
f/ de1ktlcke slovo /nel/
a/l.shel a1 shu6 shel j1u shuo, wo fanzheng bU ~ r{n shuo. 2.sh~i",• """ "'" ......,...." two' ...".r-,- • vyuanyi
lS1 I sh~l,-",jlu1'1, Sh!1 1'1 dou huany(ng.
y '" '" '"' _\ - 3 •• , .•...
b/l.wo hen chan, shenme hAochi j1u chI shenme. 2.nimen xianza1 xia.ng .v.....,. v '-"'"
.....shuo shenme, jlu shuo shenme, w~men ke'....-bu..--x{ng.3.r~ng,-,nIgan shenme \
ni3 jiu ga'n shenme? nng ni quitsha ren I ni ye,qu sha.,ma? 40renj 1a•••••••. ......,. <oJ"" ---. ----
Shu~ shenme I nl:,jiu shuo shenme, nl m~\._you Z\jY d k~nfar~ma? 5.ta
'- ...."" v"" - '"
k'njian....shenme jiu.....mai~shenme, lao""lUfn hua~qIan.
o/l.shenme yan.,..,.l#'d~ba I stenme yangrlt,d{rz. 2.sh) shenme.,ren, jiu j1ao .'-' 0 .•......,/ • ••..••.. _. • "-'" - "-'"
,. 'y" ./,,,, 4 ...
""shenme pengyou, wu~y~~lelvj~vma. 3.shenme~hu~, shenme.....jl~r. .ta y~jlan~
2,1 - J" V -- 2.\
~shenme ren jiu shuo shenmevhu~. 5.ni....-x1angsh~nmevsh1hour~lal j1uv
vsh{'lme shlhour la'lba.'"" .
I
oJ' v V ' 1 , ..... , ,.
d l.ta lac pa 'eng. nar you talyang, ta.JIu zuo~al..."nar. 2.zhe~ge ren'--'. V"".v - .
'oJ _ <tJ" v ./".... 't,,/ "
zenme ~huo j1u zenme 7UO. 3.wo~anzheng bu~tongy~1 n1~yao zenme~yangv-. ......, ~. •
0,/" "v ., , 2' "" '" I
jiu 7.enmeyang bat 4.wo juedul bu ~e1, tamen ya.obB wo zenme~yang Jk~""...r 0,/ v ....-. v'
v "
vz enmevyangvba •
ell. ni neng chI duoshao• v
- ..• 3
.duoshao....c~ wo",j1u
J - ...,",/
j1u•...chl duoshao. wo buvQIangpo nl.
jledal ta duOshao....,c\•
'-v - " - - /
~ta jt',...i1). 3.n1~bl~•.•YoU duoshao...,qlan j1u,-"huaduoshao,-"qlan,ylngga1
/, ,"y' ... jl~yue.
4.ta xue jt'ke j1u hu~ j~ ke, hen yong-gong ••....,......... """"'"v ~ ""'" •
/
'oJ / I - 'oJ 1 '" li\.../.1 h h'oJ 1 31 •..
f 1.n~1•....lel ren jlu...,j1aone1,-"elvp~ngyou. ~.n~ '-"zong ao u~yong
v'
ne1"""zhong.
~44,2-5 Pro vyjadrenl neurcltostl se tez vyuz!va YD 173
a/ malo pr!zvucnyoh a! atonlckych slov nejobecnejslho v,fznamu, napr.
/ren/clovek, /dongxl/ vec (expl. konkretnf predmet), /shl(r)/ vec, zalez1tost,
/dlfang/ m!sto, /sh!hour/ doba _
b/ spojen! (syntagmatu) zcela nepr!zvuene c!slovky /yl/ s malo prlzvucnfm
numeratlvem nebo merovou Jednotkou, ob~cnf numeratlv /g~/ je na
rozdfl od ostatn!ch numeratlvu zcela bez tonu a c!slovka /yl/ j,!espojenf
s n!m - a jen ve spojen! s n!m - rytmlcky s11nejsf. C!slovka Iyl/ zde
ztrao! svuj c!selny vyznam "jeden" a cel~ spojen! me praktlcky vfznam
"neur~lteho clenu", do cestlny je pfekladame slovem"nejakf'nebo je zanedbQvame.
(C!slovka /y1/ po slovese nebo slovesnem vfrazu ~asto m~te
odpadnout - tento jev oznacujeme jen prflezltostne - a zbyly numeratlv
nebo merova jednotka se k n1m tesne prlklan!)
0/ predrazen! slovesa /y~ul byt, exlstovat pred jmenny vyraz ve funkc1
podmetu nebo jlneho preverb. olenu, vyraz /youvy1vx1e/ (/youyXle/),
/yo~,yl~dlanr/ (/youvdlanr/) m~ze vystupovat tel ve funkcl pr!slove~neno
urcen! pred slovesem "trochu, ponekud" (arov. ex.c/8-l0), pr!vlastkovy
vyraz Iy~~d 1 ve spojen! se "vztaznym" pr!slovcem /suo/. /suO•.•YOU~d/
ma vYznam "vslohnl" (zd~azneno; srov. exempl. c. 11-12)
Pozn. Vsechny uveden~ zpusoby vyjadren! neurc1tost1 a take ovsem 1 otazkova
slova ve funkol neurc1tostl se mohou ruzn~ komblnovat.
/
;'./ " It " s" '" V"a 1.1al ren le, bu zhldao shl shel, nl nu kan van. 2.zanmen zoucuo le,...•. • ......, "-' ...,. ~. ...,rlo e"-J
" ". ,,- --..... z _
qu wen",wen ren ba. 3.nar hl!!lhUhU~d, b,:yhldao shl-'shenme dongxl. 4.wo
:to "/ - / 4-" .,.
gel.....n1",kan Y~Jangr •....dClngxl, nl~y;dlng bu..,z.hidaosh1.....shenme. 5.A.mfngtlan
buy!ng, zheng•....ger Yl...Jlan wo~dou....you shlr, houtlan s~ngwu ke'yl....ma?
'v, , ..... J '" 'v" r 4B.bll""keyl,houtlan"",shangwuwqyouJo
sh~r, n1....,kanzenme""bim.....ne? Al ll8.v
",j1u (na\e.....jlu) y't'h~Uza1vshuo,-"ba. 6.ta",qu BOl{n I mel.....dlrangx: gu'o,-"ye,
j1u~za1 oheZh~n I doole Y1..)(11:1.7.zhao~ge dlfangr I zarfmen11a I haohaor
1/ 8 ~ 12.'" l~o.....llao..ta
z~u~d sh1hour gel~wo 11uxlale yl,-"benr,-"sh~.9.ta
l(kai dJ3hihoUr l1uXlale\Jhua(r) rang women mlngt1an I Y{dlng yao,-,,~zhev
- , ,,~jlan~gongzuo
zuowan.
b/l.Alm!ngt1an shl ta ~ shengr1....•. J'" •
malyl~benr Sh~~ba. (n1 gel ta
•.. ~ " 131da
du~, ni...,dal~ben~sh~~qu•....ba.
I" /'
wo song•....ta sh~nme ne? B. ni ge1 ta
mK"l,-"benrsh~•....ba.) 2.ma1•....xlpla.o del pSl
- I "'" 21 2. -'
3.mama ma11e~Yl,-"tlaoshenme~yu, j1nt1anv
....- '" ...• /. L ~ 3 - ,-",wanshang
chl""y,;. 4.Alta dallalle yi •....p1.ng shenme•.....11~, nlJao •...he j1u.....htl""'ba.
I' V' v" It "
&Ishenme j1u a1 A.wo ye bu zh1dao... "" '-'" .""'" •......
c/1.A.you ren zMo n1? BIshe'nme r{n? A.w6 z~nme zhIdao? 2.AI.1int1an"'""'-" • """'" • """" • v
"",,Sh'8.ngwJVlYOU~Xle.....re'n la1",Zh~ogO.....nl. B·.dOU..•.sh1•...Xt'e shinme~ren? A'Wcl
•.... -.. • '" " 3 .' "" •.. I.~
zenme zhldao~ J.you ae xuesheng wenql nI, xlang 1a1 j1an 11an ni. ~.~ ~ "'-" • '-'" ......,.v """"
- ,..., - v '" ,;' v' y --
j1ntlan lalle hao....-X1;yen, you...A.,ren shl"",,la1 zhao...,n.;.)i. 5. Shanxi he....,
"'" - V' " I r:..... It "'" ~ ) ••.. 6 r.
Shanx1 11ang sheng you xie....,ldlfang (you A dl.fang hen..Jl1~l. • YOUv
- 3 /, 1", - I " " •.....
.....x1e.,shihour (you'-'d.....sh~hour) ta.'ji .....shenj1ng bU...,gouzh~ngchang. 7. you.....
... " r ~.
,-"xle xu{sheng d shu'rp{ng hen iio. you xle b'Ux(ng. 8.zhe yang zuo you....."""" V' """'" • • ••••.•. """' .~....."
•....yl d1anr (you1 yl xl e) b~ tal hi'o. 9 .zh~ yang shuo rYOuJ2"1 d1anr (you:'
~ '-' '-"" ....", '-" .~...." '-""
- " "v Ir: 3 ,.... 3 - ~
......y1""'xle) bu.•.....lt"mao. lO.zhf...,Yang.....zou yOuJl .....d1anr (you~Y1.•.....x1e) y~n.
11.shljlesheng I suo'Jou d 're!t1dOUYl v~ng. 12.t1an d~1a \ suo' you.,d• v.....r ~. .v wUya
I dou1!llhl y( yang he1. (tlanx1#WUya I yl ~n hel.)
~ .~ ~
~44,5 vy,adrenf ceskeho virazu v~1chnl ( ve vYzn. vslchnl
vyrazu dajll/, nebo - nejde-ll 0 uzavfeny kolektlv-/re'n
1. Idaj1a (re'n ren rdaj1ahuor) I dou you zh~ zhong kanfar. 2.dajla d....,/ •....................• v
~nfar I n1, ,nandao bu.,guan.]Da? J. taken teble zlsL zhf guan zljY d_ _ _ • ••.•.. V'
'lo 'lo" •• tV .• I '" ,. "" r: ...l1.y1., hu~uan daj1a. 4.j'lhua neng •....bu,-,neng wancheng, j1u .....za1.....Yu
... "!'" -daJla Ie. (jlu zai yu women dajla).• ~ v V ~
11de) pomoc!
renl YD 174
YD 175
§45,2-5 Pro v adren1 cesk -"ch slov t u vse, vs1chn1, vsude, vzdy atd.
se v ern tin~ zpro BOU v B slovce dou/ vespo1ek, v souhrnu, jez se
v teto zevseobecnujfcf " luralltntW funkcl vys10vuje zpr. dostl pr!zvu~n~,
pf!padne 1 s durazem. V prekladu do cest1ny nezf!dka pr!slovce
/doul vyjadf!me proste jen mnotnfm 6!slem vfrazu, ke kteremu se Idoul
vztahuje nebo spojen!m n~ko11kanasobnych vetnych elenu slueovac!m1 spojkam1.
Vetne eleny, ke kterfm se pr1slovee Idoul vztahuje, mu vZdy predch~zej!,
tj. stoj! vtdy pred slovesem.
Prfslovce Idou/ se vztahuje~
a/llo.1-21 k podmetu
b/llco)-4a k anteponovanemu clenu vety
c/lle.51 k predmetu uvedenemu prep'0zicnlm slovesem /~I
d/II606-8a k jlnym preverb&ln!m vetnym 61enum
/
- 1 "'1-'" "... - '"
a l.tamen,)1a d ren d<?ula1"""le. 2.wo d~me1mel ~rme1me1 d~uvla1go
jleke. )0.11uyue sh1yue I d§"U.....shl li1'yo'U.....d ha'o.....jlj1e. 4.fumu dOu....,Zh!Ch1....
jlo 1tu(h~nyu. 5. 1(x1ang I xlwang I dOU",ChengpQoyrng..J.e. 6.B~lag(,d
h8'1z1men I chAbudUO dou dao laolaq ,laoye.'-" ~
....qu.....le. 7ozhe~Xle...,sOu,-,ZhUY1IdOUJlhln~l,-,gehuaid'ElnrChU,-,d?(ge1•....chu...,.d.)
zuopYn I rwo dou dugo. (wo dou k8.ngo.) 20zhe 11ang"..bu"" • ....,;. e'-'"
ta dou xlhuan. 3.bulage d jla.otangIrwo dou canguango •.••.•.. .••...... .........• '-" .
(wo•....d~u•...qu canguango.) It.D~guo d Bolin I Bolan }l Hua"sha I X1ongyal'l.d
Bbdape1s1. BUlage...,dZhongguo •...lluxueshengmen d~U...,qUgo•...le. 5.wangZr~
-....llegongIchail ble'gong I n13
men dou qugo Ie mA.?
. v. .",J .'-"~
c/~wo bl•...nl•....d shu I dou hu{n ,ge1...,ni~.pa.2.wo...,Mnl yao d dongxl I
d~u'"'ge'i'-'nlmallal )e. J.xueshengmen \ ba ylnggal xuehu1 d sheng c!
d~'\.,xuehu\le. 4.l1nju d Xlaoj!r I ba•...women yUanZn(d hu~r I dou•....
b/l.~o 5~ d•....
dlanyt'ngr 1
"",gelq1an""le.
d/l. r10u qlan Iou h6u (Iou qlanmlan houmlan) I wo dou ~h8:'ogOIe, rmei...., ......" . """'" . '-........... "-"
,-"you. (nebol mel yO'u.) 2.Sulla'n I D~gU6 I he Na'nsllafu , dou vou hal.
"""". • ~ •• v"""""
jl~ shl wo1nen J1e'ke mei yOu.3_shan~lx-i~wlprl ta dou- Itligo.•4 _?Jintian'" "'"" • '-"'. '.." .$ \oJ
, (. - @)... @I - /' .... I" /' xlawu
san ~1an s1.~lan nl dou key1 la1. 5.qlant1an daqlant1an..r _ ....".""'"
•.• - """" ( •••.• " - - -1 ••• -1
zher dou xlale YUo 6.wo b wo jlejie melmel dou hel. 7.ta gen dajla.••..... ...". "-'" '""""" ."""" •••.....
dou hedelalo 80zh~ 2e jlahUolxi~ng w~en jla n~men 11a1dou jlele qlan.. .~'-' ...." '-'" ........,. ..•••......
lao bu huano..., .
" YD 176
§45.6 (IIe.l-II) Otazkova slova ve funkc1 zdftraznene obecnosti ve
vazbe s pr!slovcem /d5u/ u slovesa. Ff!slovce /dou/ zde ma!e byt nahrazeno
pr1s1ovcem /ye/ (~e mozn& 1 komblnace obou pr!slovclt
lye dou!-). obe se vyslovlzpr,nepr!zvucne a~ atonlckYt durazne se vyslovuj!
vetn~ 6leny (nebo nektery vyraz v ramcl rozvltfch vetnfch c1enu),
je~ jsou zd~razneny.
V oadlle Opakovan! mluvn1ce II.6astl §45,6 se ex. vztahujl k temto
otazkovfm slovUmt ~.1. zajmeno Ishel!r 1$02-4, delktlckE! slovo Ishenme!r
~.5-8. vyrazYJ
jet jsou ur~enfm mfsta a casu; c.9-11, otazkovE! slovo
/duoshao/.
Ex. otazkoyfch slov ve funkcl zdftraznenE!obecnost! byly ji~ uvedenv
take v YD 79 (t1'Do~ornen!I zdl1raznuj!c!ho slova /llan/lldokonce'i se
ve vazb80h s otazk. slovy nepouz!va,
srov. dale § 45.7)~!81ovce Idoul se muze vztahovatt
al k anteponovanemu vetnemu ~lenu
b/ k podm~tu
cl k ur6en! mfsta a ~asu
d/ k vetnE!mu clenu uvedenemu prepozlcnlm slovesem
el k vetnym clendm, je~ se norma1ne nachazejl za slovesem
f/ k otazkovemu slovu ve vete. jez p~edchaz{ veta s pr!slovcem
Pozn. Varlanty s prls10vcem Iyel a (mene oastou) komblnac! IY~doul
pro usetren! mfsta uvadfme jen v ex.b/l
I
" '" " "'Y I _... ,. V''' ••••• I
a 1.sh~nme Lao....•Sh'ld zuop1.n wO",dou kango",le..2.shEZnme tUdourb1.ng
tUdourmlandan I wo·dou b(jlao xlhuan. J.Bel jlng d she'nme d'lfangr ta...."-"'......, -' . "-"
",dou1chuango.
bl@Zhe~ge,-"daOl1 ~hil,-,dOu,-,zh1dao.(sh~l,--,ye,-"Zhldao,rShi1ye,-",douzhldao,
~he'l dou ve zhldao,) kJshl dou bu "'huochu kou 1801. 2.shenme ren dou"",_'-""v --...........-....,.'-"" . "'"
",lal1e, jlu shl nr mel lal.e"""" •••••••••••••••.•
I
/ - ~"I r. ..... \ ·1 - v (_'>t! .of - v
o 1.Jlekesl1uofake n~lvge....,d1.fangrdOuJou....,gongbao. ~r dou....,you"'gongbao.)
2
•.... - r '" ... ( v, v v
.~r....,douJou Moren he.....hualren. haoren.....hualren.)J.Alwomen n~l,--,tlan
qu wanr? Blchu1e 1rbalyl I nel tlan dou ke'yl."" . ......, •••..•..
I .. /1 ;' of "" 'Y '" "
d 1.zhe~e",ren gen,--,sh~ldou.....,nenghedelal. 2.ta.....b~ sh~nme'-"'xuesheng"'d
shul'p(ng dou,--,gQo.).wO.....d Zhe~ge"'p{ngyou dul n~'-"Wel t6ngsh't I dou,-"
v' v
-.henyoUhao.
I
"" - '" ;' (..... ...e 1.AIWO shenme ca1 dou chl, nl dlan ba. BIh81shl n d1an bat Alzhe.",....., v ......, ......,. e\"",;'" '-"
v tI' '" ..., ••• •••.•• "v /'
.....yangr bal wo d1an 1180. nl d1an 1180.nl kan hao bu hao? B.xlngt 2.wo'-" • v • v .....,/ --
•..•. /' y" 't r.v - )(v v
n~i~e~halz dOu....,x~huan,t~ble.....shl ne1....,gexlao....,jiahuo(r.xlaobudl~nr.)
).zh!wuyuanll I shinme~shU do~~u.
I
... I;' .3 -,,- ••• 'I f
1.su1-b1~n sh~1....,la1women",dou huanYlng. 2.wo n~l....,tl8onqu ta_dou",
~.." " ....." "vYou shlr. bu~neng jlan,--,wo.J.AIWO sh~nme,-,sh1hourkeyl•....1al? &.nl~sh~nme~
/, v" •... /'
,-"Shlhourx1ang 1801 dou key1 1801.'-" •... '"
YD 117
rfslovce Idoul ve funkcl zduraznuj1cl .
vyj difen'otazk. alovem ani je neobsahuJe;
predchazet mene p~lzvuene slovo/llani .
"dokone~n(v prekladu do ce~t1ny uvad{me zpr. zdUraznenf elen pomoc(
vYrazu.dokonce. dokonce 1"1 tehdy, kdyz v e{n~tln~ /11an/ cbyb{). Pr!slovce
Idoul muze byt 1 zde nahrazeno pr{slovcem Iyel (pr!pe.dn~ 1 komblnacf
Iyevdou/./douwye/)- tyto varlanty zvlas! neuvadfme -,n~kdy tez
prfslovcem Ihal1 (pr!padne komblnaceml IhQl douL./douvhal!t),srov. ex.d/)
Pi{slovce Idoul se vztahujel v
al k anteponovanemu vetnemu c1enu
bl 11e.1-21 k podmetu
cl 11e.)-51 k predmetu nebo nekterym jlnym jmennfm vetnym c1enUm. je~
normalne stoj! za slovesem
dl 110.6-111 k j1nym preverbBlnlm jmennym vetnym clenum (jez mohou byt
vyjadreny 1 vetou)
el 110.12-1)1 ke s10vesu nebo s10vesnemu virazu (~1oveso se zde opakuje,
pr{slovce Idou/ stoj! pred slovesem na druhem miste)
fl 11c.l4-l7a ke slovesu prvn£ v~ty souvet! prlpoustecfho (v oestine
je zpr. uvad{me vyrazema kdyz jil ••• ) (sloveso se 1 zde opakuje a
pr!slovce Idoul stoJ{ pred slovesem na 41"f1hemmfste)
Pozn. Ve vsech ex. pod al af el lze vsude pfed zdurazneny clen v~ty
postavlt slovo 111an/"dokonce~ Pro usporu m!sta. tyto varianty uvadfme
jen vex. aI, v osta.tn!ch ex. oz~'\acujeme mfsto p:r!padneho vsunutf slova
Ill~nl hvezdlakou. (Vex. pod fl se slova Ilianl nepouz{va.)
I
V/(" V "" ...,/1 f..., r; ...
a log~wen ta...,dou~dong. (llan~g~wen ta.~dou...,dong.) 2.A, bu~r~nshl~d~
"" ", "" If' - / -...,ren (l1an bU""rEZnshl...,dyen) ta...•.douyuanyl bang-mang,.,.ma? B'I d~ngran...."le.
b/l. * xlaoh{lz rdOU..•.dOng (dOU"",dO'ngde)zhe~ge,...iaol1, n( .....ze'nme bu..,.
...dang? ~. * ta......zU1yaO d pe'ngyou rdOu~llkal"",ta,-"le. (dou llkai1e""'ta".)
3. • ta d shulp{ng I dou-fneng qu"'zhonggu6, zertme bU pal nl qu ne?• ••••••• ""' ••••••• \oooJ' ••••••• """
;" " '" •... -,,"4. * p!nz dou...,cha•.....dlanr rang .....ta...•.gel...."chl,...}e, zh~n name"",e....,.ma?
c/~t~? ta. • hao p{ngyOU rdOU"",ChU~l"",le (dOU~el ChUmal 1e) I h{kuang~
"",n'1ne? 2.Y{11sttab&1 I • gliwen dou dong. 3.zhe j1a s~ngdlan I shenme~• ..., • v '"'" •
.•.... - - ~
....Aouyou. * zh2ngguo"",d....,dongx1dou"",You•
./Z) - / I "" "" "'" - I r. .... / ,;'
d/~j1nnlan * zal Bulage dou zheme re, Be1j1ng jlu geng beng t1 Ie •..., . •••...... ....., ••...... . .•...••. '-"
(j1u~g~ng buyong shuO...."le.) 2 •• za1,..B~ljIng dou"",hedezhao I b('ers~n
( '1 "1..... ......, .....• ~ I r ""
p j1u. za1 Bu ag~ zenme ma1budao~e? 3. * EZrshi""sh1j1 ha1~ou
(ha1 ..•.dOU yOu rdOU hB:lvyOU)zh~......zhongsh'iqlng fasheng. zhi"n kePa. 4.ta."",
",danz hen"",d~, * du1..•.hufngShang dou""g£ln zhe\e.....,shuo. 5.ta * gen ta qln .
......~ba dou.....n80fan •......le. 6.X1B:'O...H!Yz ...•d g~r I * bl~ta, ...$~ge dou...,.gaoo
ell. ta * ka1 kache dou kaldel1ao. zeJme kEi1bul1ao xlao qlche ne? 2. ta •~. ~ - ~ ~
x1e ma'oblz1if' I dou xI'e A he'n hao, gangblz1 \ z'lran me1 w'entl Ie.• """"....,>-L ~. • ..•....... ~
f/l.n1
3
d huB. I shuo dou ~huochu1al Ie. heb'l houhuY ne? 2.nt na.""\ d011\0".' ~.. .....,.r.......... ."" """'\,../
'3 /: ""'.... -./ I'"
.......gel ta nalal le, jlu~ge1 ta. suEin le. 3.jlaoz jJ.ran nl •......~o dou"""
- v ~ "
~baoh~o~le. nawoye jiu~u~keql~e.
~46.2 tzaoatekXllc.1-6) Prls10vee Idou/ v zevseobecnu !ef funkel ve
veu(ch se zaporkou u slovesa se op t m ze vztahovatl
al 110.3-4: k anteponovanemu vetnemu clenu
b/I1c.1-2, k podm~tu
c/llc.5-6, k jlnym prever~lnfm vetnym ~lenum
a/l.n1 shuo d zhe"'xle r{n j wo dou bu renshi.'"'" ••.•.... __ __ V" •••••••..•
shuo d wo dou bu dong. 3. Gueheng I rraocheng.'-'" '-'" -.....r V'.
1 "\ •••• _/1
2ota .....za1 dtansh1lJ. fayan
"") '-/ r\(Jlucheng he~Xlaocheng
1 '- """ - I.... /......."" I
wo~dou hal~mel~~go, zh1vAugo Jl~~wanggong shen~ W~1te_dajlaotang
'" ".. -. -he H~ngjlnjle.
b/1.nt.....,d,..iongxl d~u.....,melJilU,w'§....-ddou~dlu 1e. 2.wo.....,zhongd huar dc:u•..
,-",me1chula 1, shl bu shl huazfr you w~ntl ~"""'" '-'" . ""'"
c/l.~h~l t1ao j1e I he nel tlao jleshang (zh~l tlao j1eshang I he.,n~l~• .......". ........• """"" ."'"'"" __ e
.,tlao jleshang) I dou mel vou youjU'. 2.n1 b1e la'l,wo shangwu xiawu- .",.,.... ~ .'-'
d- b ....1 ":l •• ~.f d' h Yo I d- he b' ....h 4 - t .•..':..•.....
c:u~u•....za. j' "",-...,gena uor <1u""n uyou ao. •ta gen a U<lL U<lL
- I~" -" ".. 1'" 1 mama
dou~bu~huo zhenhuf, 11an gen...,ta~lren dou~bu""shuo.
@§46,2 (dOkonCen!)(IIe.7-1)} Ve vetach s pr!slovcem /dou/ v zevseobecnuj!c!
funkcl za-orka /bu/ 01 me1/ muze redchazet 1 r!slovcl /dOU/1
v tomto pr!pad~ z porka nepop ra d j s107esa jako tako ,n br pop{ra
jen zevseob~cnuj!c! funkcl pr!slovce /dou/. Ff!slovce /dou/ se opet
mt1zevztahovatl YD 179
a/115.9-111 k anteponovanemu vetnemu clenu·
b/lI~.7-8,121 k podmetu
c/II<!.131 k jlnemu preverbS1n!mu vetnemu clenu
- ... /1 .... " r"" va/lonl~shuo
d zhe~x1e~en wO""b~ dou renshl, zhl renshl llang san~e.
1 ••. t3) - . -" I
(zhl•....r'Emshlq(/zhOng~d 11ang san ge.) 2.ta~za1 dlanshllt:,d fayan
wo b~...,..doutangy), t'eble~shl kilshl d b~fen. 3.ta shuo d Zhongguohua
woYnen b~ dou dong, zh( dong Y1..x1ao~b~fen. 4.Guch{ng I rr..aocheng.~......... """" --
\, ".. I ./ I Y( " " - I ".. _.... v
(Jlucheng) he Xlaocheng y~j Jlu.wanggong wo mel dou qugo, zh~~......., - .'-"
•.. '-"
"",qugoJ1~.....wanggong.
b/l.nl~d.....,dOngxlmel d~u....-dlU,zh'fd1ule Y1....-bVfen•
me'1dou chula1, chabuduozhl chu-lal (ba'• ..., •.... ~ y v .nr.
I
" ). - \ ,. ....-e 1.zhe~j1~tlao jle he•..net~jl~tlao jleshang
Zhl shl zh~~lang t1ao jleshang I ca1•..yQu.
""shlhour I b'Udou zal b8.ngongshl11, you sh{hour
."-'" "'" '""""'"
2•wo zh~ng d huar \•..... "'"
b~~dOU,",YOUfanguanr,
2.wo shang-ban,-",d.....
•.... .•.. •..•.
ye.......zaltushugufn •
~46,3 Nepr!zvucne er!slovce Idou/ / e/ ve funkcl zduraznu !c{
ve vetach se Z4
rOrnym slovesem, zdurazn n1 clen -v dy v prever In{m
postavenf - nen v adren otazkov .slovem ani je neobsahuje a muze
mu fakultatlvn p edch zet m n p zvu ne slovo /llan/Qdokonceff
(varlantu
se slovem /llan/ pro usetren! mfsta uvad!me jen p~l ex.a/; jlnak pouze
m!sto, kde se m~ze vsunout /llan/, oznacujeme hvezd1ckou}. PT!slovce
/dou/ se vztahuje I . YD 180
a/II5.1-21 k podmetu ~
b/IIc.3-51 k predmetu el jlnemu jmennemu clenu normaln&-,v postaven!
za slovesem
e/Ire. 6-8 1 k j lnim vetnfm clenmn _ /
d/II~.9-111 ke slovesu, jet se opakuje (pr!slovce /dou/ se zaporkou
stoj! at u opakuj!c{ho se slovesa)
a/l.rdaren dou ch1bullao, (ll{n daren dou chIbul1ao,) xiaoro'tz ( dingran• \"",00' v • """ •
ye ohIbuUao Ie. 2.rlaoshl 1 duo shuobuhao, (Uan laoshl \ dou",
'-" '-' . """" '-".
,-,shuoburUlo,) xu{sheng \ ze'nme"..,hl1lshuodehao 1
b/l. rta Y~'""'t{ng 1 te'ng..,.d (ta Y~,-"teng.....d) * f~n dou.....bU'""'nengohio !.ta *
Z!j'!,"",dhalz douyu...,guan, zeJme,"",nenggwrn..,.nr,-"deJ1I!!J.zhe~X'eJ:UeSheng 1
zht' hul dU, ke~hl * zul jiandan d h~ I dou tlngbudong. 4. ta Ua'n•........ .'-" '-" '""" "'-"
•.• -..... v: 3 - .•... \
ta nU'er dou mel gel, zenme hul gel nY ne? S.nlmen zhongguorenV' • """'" '-'" """"'" a'-'"
*' ... " .... 63 '" .•• _ '" 1 "
shengdanjle dou bu guo ma? .nlmen jlekeren ~chunjle dou bu guo.....• ---"""" V' ••••.•.. """"
..• '-" I ,t- / ;' ..,. .•. - 8 v
,-,ma? 7.* zld1~n douvyorwuzhao cha, wo kend~ng,"",dzhldao. .wo * mal
-, /1 /' v ,,/, •••.•...
ohepl~o,-,d q1an dou mel You'""'le. 9.gan huor lel •....d ta j~nr dou mel•....1e.
o/l.fit walhul shangdl~n (Mwalhu'1 ShangdlanU~) dou me't you, putong shang~......,
0 """"" '-" '-"
"t~li .•.. ..... '-" 3 v - '-" /' r"..... dlanlr'
jluvg~ng bu,"",hul,,Y0u,,,le. 2.* women,"",Belj!ngdouJll&lbuZMO dab8.lke
(daba1ke quanshu), zenme zal nlmen Bulage' \ fandao you ne? 3.* zal nY,v •......• __ <t.,..j'"
.... '/.... -'1:1 ,-",p~ngyou",nar
dou,"",buJ1eng'JguoYl,-/yeJDB-? 4. * zhOum~ nlmen"""doubU"xluxl,-/
vIDa? S •yOu'-'d.....Sh1hour shu(shoumen I * sh~ngdanji(,-"d •....shlhOur J doU.....bU'-"
........neng hu1 .11a. 6.ta * p(ngoha'ng d rlz I dOu bu zenme shang-ban, zhoumo~ • v ~ ~
r ... ....,r '..... -) ....'-' I 1
jiu geng beng tl le.(jiu geng bu yong shuo let 7.* gen fumu dou",'-"a '-'" ""'. .•....... "" "-" """" •
.....mel•....shuo yl •....shengr; u:men.....l1a rj1U...,jlele.•...hlin. (jlu...)leie hUn..).e.)
,-Y ••.• I - ..... 3 .•...
8.ni * oa~wo d~s1 wo dou~bu",neng tongy! ni~d .....tiaojlan.
d./l.ta * shU~ doJ",mel....,.shuo, Zhl,-,~nle~wo Y1Jan, wO~jlU m{ngbal"....le.
2.wo * d6ng doJ mel dong I zenme jiu huS1 le ne?. .•....... ~ '-"........... """"
al k podmetu
bl k jlnemu preverb(lnlmu vetnemu clenu
01 II~.1-5f k predm~tu nebo jlnemu vetnemu clenu)ktery normalne stoj!
za slovesem, zde je vsak v postaven! pred slovesem
Pozn. ~fsto fakultat1vnfho vsunutf mene pf1zvucneho slova /11an/ pred
zdurazn~ny v~tny ~en je ozna~eno hv~zd1ckou.
a/lota1
zuo b8og~o I * y( ge ren doJ me1 tul-xl. 2.* yl.ge xu~sheng dou~"'" ,"'-"" -...,/ --r- ~
....bu~yuanyl dao,psr",qushfx(.
b/l.ltngdao I * ge1~yf~wel j1aosh1 I dou~mel t{~gorgzi.
e/l-loIo"!za1 ehengll I * yl 2e 7r'rdou1
me1 l-tua. 2.* y{ ~u hu'adou beng'""'" .~ ~ v· .'-"'"""""
1 -./. - "'\" / I /
gen~ta shuo, b~ng~lr~ta. 3.ta~zhe~ge ren * y;~ge~pengyou dou~e1~
" ,,- '" " 'lI ;
311 " '"
vj1ao....ehang.(dou....me1~lao ehangj1u.) 4.j1aoshll~ * y~~ge~xuesheng
dou me1 YOU. 5.ha1shang I*Yl t1ao chuan dou me1 yOU. 6.n1 * yl~"- ....., ' ......., '-' '-"" .•..... .
-\ " ./' / I" 1-1 "
~tlan dou~bu....neng 11u~za1~Bulage~? 7.n1 * y;~C1 dou me1 zhugo~
, " •..
......Yuan~ma? p;1fu p~1fu.
a/r!~.1-21 k podm~tu
b/II~.5-91 k J1nym preverb61nfm vetnym clenum
c/rre.)-41 k predm~tu nebo jlnemu v~tnemu clenu, ktery j1nak stOjl
1.9 slovesem
1/II~. lo-HI k ozna~en{ okolnostl deje, vyjadrenemu vetou
~/l.Shi1~dou~m{1~tbu ta~d~Plao, jlU~Shi ta~zljl I t¢ule Z\jr~Y1 P1~O.
? h~~hao ri...- 1ong;x1 Sh~\ dOU'-"'bUJ~O.3.Sh{1~dou....-me1da dlanhu~ lal.
(shel ctoumei le1 d1anhua.) 4.~h{1 10u me! da dlanhua•.~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~
rBT bu shufu? B:wo neT. ..sh(jlan? Blne! tlan WO~dou~ . .....,
dou bu shufu. 3.Aln! ne1 tlan you,-"
mei.....,Y;;U~h(jlan. 4.A I shlf~m~~Sh1hourn1....,
-1
douvbu~hu!qu 1e•
(
- ""3 '" ,,- -./
\"01 -h;tn...-lp..5.zhe n1,-"gen,-"sh~1dou~bie...flhuo.(n1~en,-",shEZldou~
'" It ' 6 r: .3 ", .) ./ I It 'x'....bie....shuo
Zhe~jlan~shi.) • women touz (women~d touz) z~l~e! jl~ngj~n~
13'" , \
~fan~~lan dUl~women sh~i dcu~bu"""yl~yang.
/® ,.. - ./·1 '"'" 2 it ./ I ./
C f.ni bl~~shuo~e, ta....sh~nrnenou~bu~ong. .zhe~e~ren sh~nme,-",shuca1
1 - y v ')
dou~buvChi, suoyl l~o~youvblng.
d/l.ta.....y'ingga1 zh1dao, hue:du~shao~qlan2.I dou",ma1bud~0Zhenzh~ng,-",dalqlng.
®: r- ... "",,, I .•... - " -1
2.zhei shlhour (zai zhei zhong qlngkuang xia) ni shuo jl che hua, ta.....• --- •••••••.. • '-' '-'0"./ """" '-".
- '\'
.....dou tlnghuj1nqu.
YO IflJ
q46.3c Ne rlzvucn m fls10vcem !dou! (!ye!) muze byt ve vetach S~ 7.8porkou
zd razn n 1 v raz nrv-p~ed slovesem nebo adjektlve~
ve vyznamu I ani trochu ,.;
Pro srovnan! jsou uvedeny 1 ex. s vyrazy !you~lJdlanrl (/you~
~lanrY). !you~lvxle!(!youvXleY) pied slovesem nebo actjektlvem ve vizn.
trochu. ponekud (ve v~tach kladnych i zapornfch)
a!II6.1-4, vyraz !yl~ianrY v zapornych vetach. zdurazneny pffslnvcem
!dou! (!ye!) I
b! vyrazy !yo~JY1~dlanr!,!youvY~xle! ve vyzn. trochu. pon~ud
a!l.zheJan 1 Y\ ...di~nr,",dou~bu~haochI. 2.h.lt(,,~.Y\~r11~nr :!ou:"'hu"",tenQ:.
cz\....... ... '" - 3 '\ v r 1 ..•.•.. '1
~j.zuochu zh~_zhong sh~qlng. ta~zenme yl d1tnr 1ou,bu h~1.~~ovn~?(douv
,- .•• v "./. •• --- ..l1)
......bu hai-xi~ ne?) 4.ta~Y~~di~nr dou~bu"",ton~qln~~ren. ~.1U~_20U y\~dl.nr"",
.... - 1...... /. ...
v1u. dui shenti y ~l~nr dou~mel~You hualcnu.
~!l.zhe fan YOU?>Yldianr 'sou let (fa-suan.) 2.A,,,,, tenp: !!'Jl7 31You yl""•....•. ••.... •......... " '-" . ...~ ....
\,/ """" /' '" '- ) ..." " •...
......dlanr. (you~yl~dlanr teng.) J.ta haoxlang you~l_dlAnr h~t-5~o~le.
4.tin~ ta zhe yang shuo~ woJ
jlu you3Vl dlanr tongq1n~ ta 1e. 5".dehuor"-' • .....,P '-' """ V - • __ '
dui
lt
ta la'"oyou vi dlanr bu xlnren.~ • ~ ......,.I'IJ......... •••..•... •
a! slovesne vyrazy typu !chlde! da se j!st, !chlbude/ nedB ~~ J(st
b! jmenne vyrazy typu !chI d! (=!cht...d......dongxl/)jldlo. n~co k j(dlu;
!he.....d! (=!he~d~ongxi!)"""Plt!. neco ~ pit!
a!l.A lyad~n I rchfde chfbude? (chIde haish1 chlbude?) Bl ouzhouren.tshuo \. .....yadan
ch1bude, zhongguoren shuo I yaden sheng chI chibude. sh~u cht I
. '-" \,,/ --
hin haochI. 2.Alzhe kou j{ng11 d shur \ hede hebude~ B,w6ve bu tat• -..J v '-"". .../...,
zhldao, dagai neng he~ba. 3.ganz~ng you b\ng d ren jiu ke~hl hebude.. ......, ---"'" " '-"
lJ. ),- '- Iv'l2' '),.oA,ni~~haizi
zai wo~zher guo~shujia wo~xiang wen~wen. nl~d~halz
dade &tbude a? Blzhl yao gai det,rW~i shenme dabude? (n1
3
j1u da,...:na.)• Y '-". .'-"" •.••....•
...... - '-"' - I It ••• I v •....
5.Alwo~iang gen....-tada~gu~nsi. ni.....shuo zhel~tiao~lu z~ude zoubude?
B:alya, ble He!
0'-"'
,,__ v - ..... , /"
b!l.Alni shang.....r~rvqu?Blmai d1anr ch~Jd~U, wov~~le. 2.zhe~xiao hulur
'" -.... ..... , " r - -s~ 3
b~,-"shichi d, shl w~nrvd. 3.AIWOvk~ d yao-m;ng. nlvbingxlangli··(nl d
bIngx1angl¥1 you me'lyou shenme he n? Bihe d wt you, ke'shibu'sht..
'-"" ."-"" '-' ~ .-"- - '-"" --'- .../ V" "........ 1;""" \,/
......weile j1e-k~ d. 4.guo rl.z..."dChl d, Shl~d yong~d, xiao~11ang..."kourdqu......-
.....,.y'r'jlngyou Ie. 5.ch1 d'-' •....
.....
zhu d....,
Slovesnev{raZl /rende/ znat. /renbude/ neznat. nemocl
poznat
®J..AIWO get n1 kan...,Ylge r~. n1'Vr~nde rEmbude? Blz~nme renbude. sh1 .
"" "" "L' , If-. V' " Iii'
.....wo""d lao.....tongxu~.(A:•••nl.....r~nde bU",rende? Blz~nme bu.....rende ••• A:••• n1"""
'" It ,v '" )" •....
~rensh1 bu rensh1? Blzenme bu renshl ••••• 2.zhe sh1 nrft nu.···er,ma?. ~ . ~ ~ ~ ,
'" "'w0vYTj1ng r~nbude,-,ta""';e.dou n~me.....da.....let
YD 186
§ 48.2 Komplement stupne po slovese opatrenem pr1ponou Id/ vyjadrenl
a/II~.1.3-~1 slovesnym vfrazem
b/IIc.21 vetou s jlnym podmetem net je podm~t slovesa. ku kteremu je
komplement pr1pojen .• ,
Poz Sloveso s ptfponou Idle po kterem nasleduje komplement stupne
(pr~klad c!nskeho termfnul /chengdu b~yu). ,nenf Casovi nljak urceno;
jeho casov€ zarazenf je dano vldo-casovfm zafazen!m slovesn~ho vyrazu
v ramcl komplementu.
a/l.fuqln ql.....,dI zhl dU9suo. 2.ta J>8·od I Zh{...•..ch~n. J.Xlao d "c?men~
~UZ dOll tang Ie.. .... •..•.
b/l.ta Xlao....,.d1womenye dou genzh X1~oqna1 1e. 2.erz q)...•d \ muqln
Zh( k~. 3.ta jiang d xueshengmen dou kua1 Shu'izhfo~le.
§48.3,poradek vetn ~h clen~ r1 soucasnem
chodneho slovesa. tak 1 komplementu stupne
a/lIc.1-4, sloveso. ke kteremu se nejprve pr1poj{ predmet. se znovu
opakuje s pf{ponou /d/ a komplementem stupne
b/predmet se uvede pomoc! prepoz1en!ho slovesa /oa/ pred slovesem
(komplement stupne zachova svoje nor~ln{ postaven{ za slovesem
s pflponou /d/)
V ustalenych vazDach slovesa s predmetem (casto napr. v prfpadi sloYes
s for~lnfm predmetem).
c/rIc.5-8, komplement se pr1poj! be2prostredne za vazbu slovesa S pfedmatem
(sloveso se neopakuje)
d/ IIc.9-10: predmet se presune pred sloveso (jako clen zretelove vymezovaci)
a komplement stupne zachova svoje normalni postaveni za slovesem s priponou
/d/
,
'-'da.....Ie.
,
'-"j llfo. )
b/l.ta,-,bB:Zh'eJian shlqlng I ~n,-,d riichang,-,hao. 2.ta b8:•......che
-" /1 -,,, /'
feiku~l. 3.ta,-,x~huanba_ren shuo,-,dy~~qlan~bu,-,zh~.
c/l.xlao sunnur I shuo hU~ he'nhaot1ng. 2.ta b8.n sh'l"-' ......".v '-' ...,
3.rzhe jl;hUO (Zh~ ge jlahuo) I shun h~ hen q\ rent""'.V .....•...•....... ........•
d/l.wo n'li'er1 hu~r I hU~ d bu cuo. 2. yi'llshabil I zhongoLl.ohuashc.JO,ft'" • .•....... ""'" J
v""' .... - " " .•• " "
hen hao. 3.ta hua shu~ft hen.qlngchu, mel bie d y~si, jiu shi yao,-"• '-'" '-" -- -- • """" "'"'" e"""'"
,;
....,qlan.
" -hen naixin....., .
a/lIe.I-51 kuai, man; wan. zaa; man aj.
b/IIc.6-91 duo. shao
I" '> v' '-' --, Ia l.baba yl zou kual 'e. jiu chuan. 2.che kal man Ie"'-" v • '-"'""" '""". ""'"•.........
•.... r ,;" ""'.:z.')
3.qu,-,w~n,-,le,jiu....,mel'-'pl~o~le.(jlu'-'maibuzhaoplao,-"le.
- '-' " -zhuang,-,~n,-,le.zaivchengshang ch~ng,-,yi....,cheng.
b/1.yuechu I hue:qltn hue: duoJ-e, yuedI'lbu g?>uyang 'e. 2.wo chi ilaoz........... ~. ....., "' • ...f ~
" .•..•. """ """ "" ,,,chi duo 'e, weill zhl bu haoshou. 3.wo~zu~,fan zU~,shao Ie, fan bu gou'-' .'-"""' v.....". - _. '-"" v
4 - " ''-' ~ V' I'" .,.-ch~....,le..jinnlan daoz zhon~sh~o .....le, sh~changshang dami j!nzhangvle.
jiu me1y\~l Ie.•••••..• 'W'.. --'
4.1"1 ta' kou1a1
"'" ~
a/Ilc.7-131 za adjektlvy Iduol./shaol
b/II~.1-6: za jlnyml adjektlvy
~48,4Kom~lement stuEne v postaven! za adJekti!l s prfponou Id/l
YD 189
all. jlnnla'n I senllnH'....,dmigu I duo....,dbudel1~o. 2.ta~d....,guanXldu~....,d,-,
,-,hen,sh!nme•...,dou nongdedao. 3.di~nyrngrYUanlfV I guanzhong shao,-,dI
bU,-,daoSh{w~,""geJen. 4.\Ofenhuajlngf~l I shao,-,dk~l1in.
b/l. Zh'e~shulll1a'ng__d xiang,-"b!ng. 2. fjIntlan (jlnr) waitou
yao-mlng. (nebo I Ieng d yao-mlng.) ). Sigli ZUb d (jiazh) d..........• . . ••......
'Ieng d. '-'
" " ....
) Molawe1ya
xlang d yao-mlng. 4.zhe•...ha'lZ
. '" .
5.zhe huar xlang ..•..d I m8n ~z dOU..•...xlangye.
zan~d xi~ng~1aozh~r.
~ - .... 3
6.zhe ge gun1ang mel d hen."""" ••..••.. ....., """'"
~49t2 Predmet u sloves vis1edkove mod1f1kovanYch v postaven!1
YD 190
a/II6.1-2. za modlflkovanym slovesem
b/II~.3-41 pred modif. slovesem uveden prepozlcn!m slovesem /bB/
0/II~.51 v antepoz1cl pfed podmetem
a/1.wo xlewan zhelt
f'ena xln I j1u mashang J·~zou. 2.nl rang wo ShUOwa~......". 0...,.. """'" • •....... """
zhe't"u huS: hao bu "'ao. 3.wo y!d1ng ger nl bSnhao zhe~Jlan shl. 4. rb~..•..........tJ......... ............,r60 • V' _ '-' •
.,guan bEll mo hel mao, (b'Uauan shl bEll mao he1 mao,) r;huazhu hl'oshu-- • '-t/ • ••••• ....p ""'" ---........... """•
(zhuazhu h~oz) I jl~ shl hao mao. 5.zhuazhu zel Ie. (zhuazhule z{l.)"'" . ....,....., ."""'"'
6.ta jl~zou1e wo~ c{dl~n. 7.nU'er1kalzoale b8.ba,.Ache.
b/l.nl r~mgyo ba~he feng xln xlewfn lh8:o~bu..)1ao.2.l{kal ylq1an I
,/ v / _ / ~..,. I - ./
zanmen del"",ba....qlan hua~n. 3.zanmen liang .....fangm1an xlan ..•...ba~1!oj1an
v v -" ••...• 1 - / .
j1anghao. 4.yao b1an eldlan, b xu x1an ba oa111ao zhunbelhao. 5.nl~""'" .. '-' ...,.... It - .•• .•• If- - , -",
,-"x1angrang"",wo""zuozhongguof,n~rna?na~n1~)lu xlanvba..,.rC?uq1ehao..,.ba.
6
- / "" ..... 12. .•. / ~.xlan
ba e~111ao ma1hao calyeng ga1 fangz. 7.ba~11angvge ka1,",
.,x1aochalr d zhuazl\u 'e. 8.sh1 shei ba~nl.3d zlx1ngcher j1ezou 'e?- """". ~ v.......,r~ ....r
- - /( 3 _ -- ,,- 3
e/l.gangeal ql....A...cha women...ft<:u~eguang.).e, za1 q!J1 •....d1anr"""ba.
2.changz, ta"men zhoumo dou ~lguang Ie. 3.dlyl j! jlaokeshu I wo,"",• """" v. """'" .""""
•.... .•. { ,/
vmaldao Ie, di'er j hal.~el you."'" .'"""" - """'"
449,3-5 Predmet u sloves smerove mOdlflkovanYch
a/II.§49,3 t.1-2, II.~49,5 c.)-41 .predmet pr!mi uveden
n!ho slovesa /ba/ p~ed slovesem
Jlnak je treba rozllsovat zda jde 0 modlf1kator jednoslab. 01 dvojslabl~ny
a zda jde 0 predmet pr{my nebo lokatlvn!:
b/II.~49,3c.3, II.~49,5 0'.1-21 v pr!pade dvojslablcnych smerovieh mod1flkator~
se predmet klade mezl sloveso s pr1pojenou prvnf slabikou modlf1katoru,
slab1ky /lal/,/qu/ se odtrhnou a poloz! a~ za predmet (jde-11
o predmet pffmy, je motna i vazba s prepozl~nlm slovesem /ba/, v1z ex.a/)
YD 191
pomocl prepozlcv
pr{pade jednoslab. modlflkatoru /la1/,/qu/ rozlisujemel
c/II.~49.3 0.4-6, 10katlvn!;p~edmet (tj. oznacen{ mista, smerem ku kteremu
se d~je pohyb vyjadreny slovesem) se prlpojuje vzdy k zakladn!mu
slovesu a modlf1katory /la1/,/qu/ se kladou at za predmet
d/II.§49,) 6.7-8, predmet pr1my se vkl~da mezi zakladn! sloveso a mod1f1kator(stejne
jako vise pod e/) nebo se pr1pojuje za mod1flkovane sloveso
jako eelek
v pr(pade jednosl. modlflkatoru j1nych nez /la1/,/qU/1
e/II,~9,J 0.91 predmet se prlpojuje k modlf1kovanemu slovesu jako celku
3- 'I - !- "
a/I$ta ....M x1nI1",d""hua doU""'shu9chuIal"""'le. 2.wo,-,M xln11 •....d....hua dou.....
- /. " 'r'./ 1"'-"shu~chuqu.....le.
J.gege ba,-"qlan dou,)lfJchuqu.J.e, y~j1ng mE21vyouqlanJe.
4. ba shl yftu nachuqu l1~ngshang. 5.Alba..JI~O chlxlaqu Ie ma? Blchlxlaqu"",""""'" ,-. . '-'" """" .
6 /. 1: 3 /' 3 /.
.......Ie. oAlSh1•...sh~nmeJen ba•...ta talshangquJe? (ba:•....ta ge1.....t8.1shangqu.....le?)
Bl:Ti~n zhldao. B2IGU"!'zhldao. 7.yanj1usheng cong•...tushuguan ba•...yao"'"
" - -, ..., /', tI' .@
,-"yong",d•...cankaoshu douvj1~la1vle. 8.n1 •....baV'ha1z d~1Ial'""'ba, wO.....ge1:p1 k~nzh.
,.., 3 /' - 1.',
9.baV'qian ge1""",tan~qu, bav
dongxl ge1•....wo d~1hu1Ia1.
- - 1/,'-'- 2',- /. I
b/I.cong"""'blngx1angll nachu huangy~u~lal. (nl~ huangyou cong •...
- - (j),- - /. \... 1, •••• 'W""
~bingx1anglr n~chulal.) 2.shushu cong.....he11 dlaoshangvY1~tiao davl~y~v
Ia1 J.ni bB zul dB.zUl hong d pingguo I get wo zhaix1a Hang ge lai.
'-'. ...." ••.... ....." v -'/'.. ""' ""'
4.wo de't baQ/xue"X1~od qlche I kaihui XU{X1~oqu, yl'hou I cai neng hU1 1la.
v v '--" v • "'" J
" .., '-' \ v . "1 - "-
5.we kanjian tamen Iia zoujin vi jiar shangdianli qu 'e.•.•.•• '-'" vV ~ • v......,r
c/l.hullz~o kalwan.....le. n1.....,a.irenz~o hui....jla •....qu\---le. 2.daole BUlage ( nl •....
,-"xlan hul .....ji~Jai, yrh~U zal~dao tayar •.....qu;
-- - v ••••••••• 3.... v - r-,..d/l.ta
chu-chai liang ge Ilbai. wo gel ta daile 11ang benr shu qu, me1.......-' "-"'" v • _
,-,shlr (me"t..."shlr •...d•....shlhour) Ijie'..)leJ!1~nr. ~.ni k(Yl.....bu.....keyl cong•.....be1jlng
2.'.... 2. - - ,.., 'r V' '> -? ..• /'
gel •....wo dal ....YiV'tai zheng-ylngwen dlanz .....daz~j! .....lal. J.Alni j~n,-,ch;ngvma?
2·, ..• _ ..•.... ,,~'
Blsh1V'a. A:gel .....wo dai~i .....ge x1nf~ngr'""'la1, k;y1•.....ma? 4.taV'naqule wo~d,""
\. ". ,>' •.. 'w'" r /' ,.., ".
,JiJenr Renmlnvr~~o. xl~vge hbal cai~huan~"o. (caiv
huan ge1yo.) 5.L1'f .
vlaoshl I ge1~ta zal""Beljlng-.Jd ~1ren I shaoqule""y1•.....tao jlikey...J:>0l1b~1.
/
•• ( • If., \, 'V 2.' .2
e 1ohu~shang. ta __t chulevyl ....XI~I~ jiany;. 2. jiej 1e yao•....lal zhuyl-.Jnlan,
'-" - .•.•. /'
VO~mashangjluv
zux1ale y1V'tao,-f~ngz.
~50 VYrezY:I./qrlei/; II./.Xi~qu/;III./chU1ai/ jako
e/ S~08~8tn~ modifikov8n~ slovese ve vyzneaech: TSt~t; 8e8toupit.
vy jit , '
b/ dvojslebi~ne modifik~tory(ob~ slebiky etonicke) v pdvodnia vyzn
c/ dvojslebi~ne aodifik~tory V p~ene8enych formelizovenYch v1zne.e~h
(/-qi18i/:II~.1-4; /-xiequ/:II~.5-8; /-chulei/: II~.9-10'
I.e/l.q!lei qllei, dou be dien Ie, h~i bu qilei?1 2.1~n dongxi,...,...... '" • ....• • v
hii",buq11eit 3.ql1ei, reng_leoren.,zuo!
b/l.h~lShibengzhu b"ingrenI zuoqilei chi fan. 2.qianbienr d re'nzh~n-~ . """'" ."",.
qilei, h6ubienr d ren jiu kanbujian le.(qienbianr d zh~nqilei,. ~ '"' ~ .""' . ..,
houbianr d jiu k9nbuji~n le.) 3.te geoxlng d ti~oqilai le. 4.zei• v '" a-.; v • v
k
~'\~~ .•.•. ~ .,.b t ". --..).unnen m~anq~en, yeo~ e~ ou t8~q1a~.v •
c/l.n~inai q"id kuqilai le. 2.t{ng d w~.dou ji~oqilei le. 3.1i8ng ge~....."" '-' .....,. -- "-1' • ...., "'"
....renshuozhshudzhjiu h~qilai le. 4.tianql1menmanr d h80qile; 'e.\J '"'" • ""' .....,. ~
5!iisng yI (yileng yIiak~) y~u daqilai.).e.
/l ..•.• b,st d~·h 1· b"h~ '* .•.•. ' h d·' 1II.e .n1~x~aqu e~ a•....~~s ang a1. 2. uz ang rang~te~x1aqu d1~OC e~ ~eoche
d•.•d"" h· "" h· h' 3 .3 "" V' .3 .. "" h' 1 .3 deo ~..,S 1 zenme~ U1~8 1. .n~Jeo youyong, n1•....J~u you, z.~Ile•..eng,-"
tianr IW6 ke bu xi~qu. 4.1eo•....d bu xi~qu, nianqIng d jiu shengbulaL.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~. . . "". .••. " . b "" -: .3 ". . 2 b h"r' ""
b/l.na~na1 za~ 'oux~e ne, rang n~ a meoy~ ge~ ta nex~equ. • a c lwen.•".;'-.'" v '-" ". ..., "'"
- "" "". ...." v. / .'. b J
""dkong nanz nex1aqu. 3.zhuy1, zher hen dou, b~e d1eoxlequ. 4. e zhe...,-. • v""",e "'. '-'
li8n~pi8nr"",y~0 chixiequ, bavzh"evdianrbei.)caishulIh!'xiaqu.
c/l.dulbuql, wo daduanle nin
1
d hUs, nin ahuQxiaqu ba. 2.zh~ yang.........,. .....,'-./ • """'" .v
..xiequ, ni ji~ hui blng le. 3.zhe yang xiequ ke bu x{ngI 4.zhe.~yang-- '-" ""'" . """'" .'-'....., ....., ~
geoxiaqu, guoji81jiu~yao :fenlie..,le.
III.a/l.ch~lai~bar w!imian liangkuail(nebo: waimien li(ngkuai.) 2.wo•....chulai.....
"d shihour Iwangle dai qienbaor le.v "" .......,
.• - ..•...... / h' .3 - • .,;... 2 b l'""z
b/l.te~ba xlnfengr""he.....x1nzhl ntc ula~, yeo~e~ .....mama xle.....x:n. • a..,~ ~
......d hUr Ikouchulair
•
c/wo tingchuleile, tSJhi nfnfangr{n. 2.te1aen.....y'i'jingju(chulaile,
zhe shir bu dul-tou. 3€2wowenchulaile I zhe rou you weir le, bie chI,v '""........ """ ""'. "" •....."
reng le ba. 4.zhe"caili you.....su!n, wO..,chichulai""le.5.wo•...k:anchuleile,. ...,. """ -
ta1
bu xt'huan.
'-' 'V
~ 51 Ruzne funkce slov /yong/ ,/n;'/
Slovo /yong/ ve funkc1
a/ p1novYzn. slovesal pouZlvat
b/llc.1-41 prepozicnlho slovesa
Slovo /na/ve funkci
c/plnovYzn. slovesa: brat /
d/llc.3-4 (varianty v zavorkach)I prepozicnlho slovesa
a/l.A,wo..•.~ngle dalJagBo. Blyong w~..•d..•ba' 2l¥AaWO.•...kfyl'-'yOngvYOngn'1'....-d••..
V' bl ma? Blyong ba, yong ba •.-- "-'" ..,
b/l.nl b1e yong gangbl xle , n13
yong maobl x1evba. (n1 b1ena gangbl x1e,e"'" •...... '-"'. .- •..•.....
.r.r ..... ) r:.r 'too - ( .r 4ba -)
nl....-na~o?l xle,..,,:ba.. 2. n1 bl~""yongzhe....vdao n1 b1~.•...na zhe"",vdao
- " .....",.... ,,- - "" 4 "
qle.....rou, zhe,...,:ba. bu....-kW;l.3.wo..•.yong t~.•...dJangfa .11aa-xue. .nl....yongle
- "" I "" .•.. ~~ - '\ ""\ ....
du?shao....-q1anma11e zhe~langvq~che? 5.yong~d1anlu zuo,-,zhongguofan
bu heshl...• .'" '\ v" •.• - 3· "" .'+ ""., ""
c/l.zhe....wux1angrou hen~aoch1. n1vqu n~~1~planr. 2.wo"'n~leta....d....q1an
1+ 3.... "" ,. ~...... - "" "" y 4- "j1u
dei gei.."tagan hu~r. 4.wo..•nale wo z;jl.vdbaor, m~1••.na nl.vd. .zhe .
. - ....." - "" ~ ..•.....ren...(t~hOvbu..•g~nj1ng, a1•...na•...reny?ngx1. (al"",nab1erenJi..YClngx1.)
." v .... -\ "" '" """" "" '"
d/l.shl.j1eshang sU~Jou .•...d b8.ojun dou na...,renbUvdangvr~n. 2.wo na ta
''''' 3 - r - J ,. - 3 ;' ) \
dang""pengyou. kesh1 t~~ne? 3. ti~n j1.....ge.....qian (t1~nshang j1~e~qlan
952,1 Tr n
(je ur~en skladbou vety a
nemuze byt puvodcem deje
kontextu vety
zda muie nebo
YD 194
a/II~.1-121 rod trpny
b/IIc!.la-12a: rod.C'inny
/ '" '" '" r v v (v •..• ) ""
a 1.oa111ao dou zhunbeih~o~e, ye d~chulal•...le. yeJi~hao...le. 2.Renmin .
~r~~o I Yljlng dlng Ie. 3.jl~oz ~ohao Ie, gal zhU Ie. 4.rbe1z da.'e,II • """ '"""' • ....", ~
(belz d~sul Ie.) xlaoxin, dlshang doJ shi p(jlu he bollchaz •.'-' '-" "'-'" . '-" .
/
..• .., "" '" •.•.6' v' {jJ ~
b l.ml.sh~zhunbeihaole c~iliao. ye..•d~ha~le. 2.wo•...Z~o~lJlng dl.ngle
"" \.' v,-" - ...•. " •..• r .... Renmin
r1bao. 3.mama ba jlaoz baohaole. rang wo qu zhu. 4.wo dale beiz,'-"'" '-' cr "'-" '-""'. "'-"
(wo dasuttfebeiz. r;.oba beiz da .le,r,.-TO be beiz dasul le.) zhen kexT •....." . ••••••• "-" - •••••.• '"'" ."wI' • .....,
952.2 Puvodce deJe je vyjadren pomoc! prepozlcn{ch s~oves YD 195
a/llC.1-71 /rang/,/jiao/, mene hovor./bel/; slovesu jako zVl~stnf ukazatel
trpnt.ho"rodullfakultatlvn~ml!Z'epredchazet /gKi/ (ve v~ech ex. prepozlcn!
sloveso /rang/ mu~e byt nahrazeno prepoz. slovesem /jlao/. stejn~
jako vsude m~ze byt zvlastn! ukazatel trpneho rodu /gei/ p~ed slovesem
vynechan. tak jak je to vyznaceno v ex.a/l)
b/II~.g-9: /ai/ u sloves oznacujfc!ch bit!. nadavan! apod.
/
r.3'" 3 "r3 '\
a 1. wo~d..•weiz (wo~d~zuor wo~d zuowel)
-- .... r; r "vbieren
gel ?han 1e, jiao bieren zhan Ie •. ~...." ""'. '-'
'rang bieren zhan Ie. (rang.,..., . ""'" jiao~bi(ren
gei~Zhan~e,) w~~
~zuo n~r~ne? 2.zhe~ge Xltohuoz~d gunlang ( rang~ta~p(ngyou gei~laguoqu~
'e. 3.1::>8.00d ~oz I rang yeye gel d~i1zou'e. 4.ni3
d yuyl rang4
wo.,pengyou~ v ""• '"'" ....r-- '"'""'........ ...,;' gel~chuanqu•....le.
5.meimel~d zlxingche I rang~ji~jie gei~qlzouJe. 6.ta:d
yanjiuyuan•....d weiz I :rang ....,ta•..d tongxu( gei~j1'qule. 7.dll1~d xlgua 1
- -", /1 - '- - /~iV'
dou....,rangzhouwe1 zhu~d~ren gei~tou....,dchabudu~....,le.8.7.he~loulr h~o....,ji....,
-1- " - '1 v" v v
vjla dou~ang~zel gei~tou~le. 9.ta•..rang~gou gel•..y~o~le, del~mashang
qu zhtod~ifu. lO.leoshl lrrang xuesheng gel wenzhu Ie. (nebol rang~,",' . ...............• """"'"
-.)Cuishenggei•...wenzhu.J.e.) n.xleo....,qi{o(r)I rang"",sh:tfgelvChongz~u,.}e.
- r 3 v "-
12.zh~n bu~m~ngbai, women zenme....,nengrangvt~ gei""'pian....,le....,ne?
",,, """ ," ..... """ - 'l ",;'
b/l.wo bu pa ai lao1ao ma, wo pa rang 'aolao sheng-q~. 2.1iu-shen"'-" ."""" '-'" "",,""""- .
re:i ta piping. (a1 ta ke1.) 3.A Inl ku shenme, ai shei :ia Ie !'-"" """ • • .•..... •........ 0..-/, """'"
Blai b~ba dB:'Ie."'"' . ....,
~52,3 (IIc.I-3) VYjadren1 neurciteho puvodce d€je pomoc! podst. jmena
Irenl In 196
l.shushang d lrz I dou rang ren gel tou Ie. ~.ren tai ruanruQ, jiu"'-" '-' """"" "-' • """" • v ....,
~rongYi rang ren qIfu, nl shuo shl bu shi1'-"" '-' -""" .•...•.
h52,4 Nen!-li uveden puvodce deje 'pomoc{ prepozicnlho slovesa, muze
byt "trpnY rod" slovesa formalne vyjadren 1 slovy 1 In 197
a/lIcl-21 Ibeil v postaven{ bezprostredne pred slovesem
b/II~.3-41 lal1 v postaven! bezprosttedne pred slovesem (/ail muze prib!rat
i ptfponu Ile/)
all. JiekesIluofake I shi Y1 jlU san b~ nian bei ch~~i d. 2. zh~zh~i••..•.. '-'" '""'" •.......... ...,; "-'"
- " "y'"
bei~t~u~le, kuai....,qujiao•....j~ngch~....,lai.
b/l.ni al piping Ie ma? ~lle shel d piping? 2.Alwo bu__ga•.n zh~_yan~~uo,-- . ,-,,"""'" .•...... -- --
p8. ai shuo. Blpa ai she'ld shuo? BI~ al wo mama d shuo..•.•.•.... '-"........ '-'--- '-'"
In 198
~52,4 pozn. Fakultatlvnost nebo "vynechavani" jistich prepozicn{ch sloves
al fakultativn! prep. sloveso Icongl v urcenfch m!sta signallzuj{clch
smer "odnekud" ve vetach se slovesem oznacujfcfm objevenl se
b/"vynechl:1:vEinl"prep. slovesa Idaol v urcenfch mfsta ve vetach se slo1Tesem
vystv pu.jfcfm jako sloveso existence 1$1objevenf se
cl fakultativnf prep. sloveso Iyongl uvadej{cf material, ze ktereho jsou
zhotovovany prerimety O'izbozl ve vetach se slovesem v "trpner.1"rode
j....." - v - ;' ,,- a/I.
Be1j1ng (cong~Be1j1ng) la11e~ji~wei zhenj1u~zhuanj1~. 2.
rt~nldrngrshang (congvfangdrngrshang) { d1aox1ala11e Y1~P1~nr~~.
1 -\ /' 11--" /' J -, I/'
b/l.women~~n la11e~y1~we1 x1n~tongxu~. 2.women~Y1yu~n11 la11e~y1~
't " ~we1
~1guo~y1sheng.
C/l~A I zhe~dltan I rSh{nme l1'8.oz(yong""shinme~11~OZ) zh1"",d?B I yangmfo.
(yon~ yangmao. ryong yangmao zhl d. )-~. ~. ~
varlanty s pomocnym slovesem /sh'l/,
(shl yang shenme 11aoz) zhl d?'-" ....., v
r;hl y~ng yangmao zhl d.)~ . ~
2.!:zhe chu8"n''''she''''bae.•c$i1ieor (yong AtJ.e'~e cai1ieor) zu.o.•d? B:IlUlieo....... • __ ..r. "'" _ •
'1' ,r '1' . . ".~ 1 / h"(yong SU 1eo. yong SU 180 zuo d~)- verlwnty S pomoC4V_8 OV888a .,1/:...,. ...,• v ~
A: zhei chum l r shi lShlnae ce'i1ieor (shi.JIOng shenae c$i1ieor) zua..d?...... v • ...." • ~ a:lShi
8u1iao.(shi lS~lia~A.rshi vong sUllao. ~hi yong s~li80 zuo d. ).....,-. ...,. _ ~ • oJ ....,
~53,2 Bezprostredn1 naslednost dvou dej~ je vyznacena YD 199
a/llC.I-51 prfslovcem /j1u/ ve vets druhe (hlavn1); bezErostrednf nBslednost
se casto jeste zduraznuje polozenfm prfslovcl /y1/ jakm1le nebo
/gang~Yi/ sotvaze ve vete prvnf (vedlejsi)
b/Ilc.6-81 tymizprostredky se mofiouvyjadrovat 1 deje prav1delne se za
sebou opa.kujlcl
a/loche laHe I wo3
men jlu chufa. (che yi la1 f zanmen jiu zou.) 2.fan'-" . --- - . .••....
...v l.l - v
zuohaole zanmen jlu chi hac 3.c1dlan
-- .'-~V' 4 " I 3
.......jlu~mal. .ta~la11e women~jiu
~.hu~ I gang vi chu-kou I t~ j1u• v v
jlu~qrlai~le, q~la1 j1uv
zou.......le.
b/l.ta tlan~1 11~ng I jiu~qyla1, tl~n t1an rU,-,cr.
jiu shang-ke. 3.ta yl shuo hU~ I r{n ilu.~la.'o......., • V' """"e ~--
(mel cl renjia yl shtloshenme,) ta1
jiu Ylwei• ...., \",/ """" v __
rta~Yi~lil (m!l c\ ta"",Yl.la1) nl:"jlu~z~uJ1e?
Xiaoxl y1.......li1)I jlu~Xlan qln~qln leolao.
rchuOO'n Ie (yl chut>an)•......... '-' .
wen wen ta1
I d~odr shl zenme hu1 shiro'-" '-" •.......... ~ """"
hauhul•....le. 6.j1ntlarl1)I ta.....t1an.....yl.....,1i~ng
2.lfng yl xlang I•......
4. rrenjia y'ishuo shenmei
.'-" '-'
shi shuo ta nee 5.wei shenme......, .""'" """
6.
rXIEloxi y\..,l€i (m¥lvci I
§ 53,3 (IIc.1-6) Casove souvet! s pr!slovcem leall pak, teprve pak
ve vete druhe (hlavnf) YD 200
l.kual.,dao wanshang Ie, Mozhfcal lal, zhen keq\. 2.deng dalblaotuan- . '""" ...", •.......
zgu~le I n1 ca1Jleng x1Ux1. ~.nl .....deng fan cai I dou~l1{ng,-,leca1Ja1 ....
""ch1 ma? 4.sh1wU "'8.0fa gongzI, fale gongzl I c(l.gu ft. fangzu. 5.t~•....sh1•.........., .-''' "" . _. """'"
~ -, - '" 1 1,/ __y1•....ge
jianle~u~nca1, cal d1ao,-,1~1,-,d~ren.(ta__shl~y1•....ge bU~jlan~gu~ncal
". , , 6 - ". v v:' I ,/ •....
bU~luo.....l;1~d.....ren.) .sh1.....ta ba.....q1an geile~wo~1h~u wo~cai•....qu ma1vd,
\ ".Y..... / -" 1 I ,/ ,/
yaoburan w~ nar la1•....d q1an? 7.shi~ta x1ale~m.tlg11ngwo~cai bu de ",bu.../
~53,4 Prvn! veta casoveho souvetl zakoncena I
a/llc.l-)I slovem /y~houl (zpr. pIne prlzvucnym)
b/II~.4-61 slovem /Ylq1anY (zpr. pIne prfzvucnfm; slovesu teze vety
muze predcnazet /mei/, men~ hovorove)
a/l.chile yIngtao Y1h~U I bU~XU he~shu~, geng beng~shuo he~pfjiU~le. 2.ta
rang~rang .....le b8.n.....t1an~y1h~u Ijiu.....k~qlla1•....1e. 3.Chrwanle~fan Yih~U I chuqu
li~~11U •(chuqu san•....san.....b~.) 4.ha1zimen zuowan~gongke Ylh~U \ cal•....k~Yl
- / ,,- \. ',/ ~ "Y.
chuqu•....wanr. 5.Alxiale.....ba.n""Yihouni...,.gan~~?Blwo~qu kan,,}lany;ngr.
••.•• •.• 1 •..•. ' (3) ~,/ v'oJ "'-1 .....1
nl Y~vxiang qu~ma? 6.tamen.....lla galha61e~xlaol~ur, yevIDalle q1ch~ ylhou
b~ zh1dao we1 shenmeITj1u"",11-hunIe. (jlu 111e nUn.)'-' v '-"'....... va
b/l.ta.....Shul.....ylqlan I zongshl Xlan.....tangZhlk~n.....ylvhU1r~Sh~, ha1 hevY1•....zhongr
-/..., r ..... /1 ..... - ".
shenrongj1u. 2.Aln la1 zher ylqlan zal nar gongzuo? Blme1 za1 nar. """"......... . """" . •....... '-"
gongzuo, za1 .Jl~. ®.3.zal ChU-gub.....ylql{nI ryao~~n (de1•....b8.n)ha:o~Xl~ .
.....hao xie shouxu •••....
~ 53,5 (IIc~1-3) cas_ov.esouvet! s lc1m1 soucasne, prvni -veta
~oncena (malo prizvucnym) v razem YD 202
l.shuo d sh1hour I yao shuo d you JiezQu. 2.Aln1 j1a.ndaota" d shl1tour'-" """ \",./.............. . ......., ...~ """"
'l! lJ)......... ,/......... , ....
jlu t1.....w~wen~vh~0. Blwo m~l.....far wen•....ta.....hao, wo~j1~nbudao~ta. 3.ta
!l" r ;- - /' ,/ J
zh~vza1 x~yao~wovd~sh1hour ca1~lal. (ca1~dengmen.) 4.zuotian womenvzaiv
vChezh~n malvPi~o,-"d.....shihour I bU~Zhld~O Shl...",.She"lI rtaozoule (touzoule
rmozou1e) wo~d qla"nbiior. 5.shuo :llsansheng d shlhour I ryao shuo d....,. """"". . •••..... •....... """'" '""'----
'" -~ - -....." - - ,,"hen..,d!hen..ftl,(yao..,shuod
hen'-'dt.,hendl d,) j~nl1angvd dl.
ta 000 dao we>zher lal d shlhour 1 jlu zhf chuan.~- ••...... ......., """"'" '-" '-'" .
~5J,5 pokr. Casov~ spojka /zlcongtl urcen! casu vyjadrene vazbou
/c6ng •••ql/ YD 20J
a/llc.1-21 prvnf veta casoveho souv~t! uvedena spojkou/zlcongh a zakoncena
slovem /y!hbuY (/YlhbuV byva nakdy fakultatlvnf) .
b/llc.J-41 urcen! casu uvedene vazbou /cong •••qt/
a/l.l-zlcong laHe zh~ngguo...).aoshl(zlcong laHe zhonggUoJaoshl Ylhgu) I
.3 ''-'' /{ ~ ('" ~ "
women d hanyu xuex jlll,.J~nbu>Jdb jlao kual..).e. 2.z~cong tavdlap...,dao
dang...,zhOngyingylhou I qfngkuang jlu..,galblanle. '.zlcong ta sI'leYlh~u I
/- -,,\.....0' ""
guojla jluJtalsh~Jou ....le he~da, ..A..bl~nhua.
b/l.cong jluyue y1 hao ql I d~-zhong-xlaoxu{ I dou Y{l~ kal-xu~_le ••....•v '-" v • -
2.cong xlanzal qY I rwo b~ chou yen Ie. (wo jle-yan.) J.cong"she.~me,-"......" '-' ~ ••....... . vshlhour
qt I Imlshl anzhuangguanfengq{n? 4.congy~11 sh{'~r dlan qr
jle-yan, nl bU~de bu'tzalyo zher guo-v~~e.
Modlfikatory /-shang/,/-ka1/ YD 204
a/ /-shang/ oznacuje zakrytf, pokrytf; v prenesenem vYzn. z!skan!,
uchopenf apod.
b/ /-ka1/ oznacuje odkrytf, otevrenf; v prenesenem v,fzn.prostorove
uvoln~n! apod.
a/l.ba..gun ga.1shangt (ga1shang guo!) 2.ba dlb3:'nI dashang 1:9.,haohaor d- . . "'-../ .--- ,,- - \,J' " "
c~"""y1vca. J.bavdlandeng gu~nshang, dlanshang l~zhu. 4.wa1mlan hen......
'" r: - ~ - ~-~lang, nln neishang d1anr shenme( 'n1n nlshang dlanr.,shenme) zal chuqu .• ~. \""..of '-'" ......"r. 'wi - '-'
,-,ba..5.yl ting puzil13
I laile xlangjlao, mama nAshang qla'nbaor jluv'•..... . --'
•.•. .., " " '" - ", ..... \ 2 ......paochuqu
le. 6.me1,-,x1angdao.za1 jlekes11uofake halvneng chlshang
songhuad~n. heshang~huangjl~. 7.Alza1 Jlek~ [ ch!deshang chlbushang
xla? Blnl....xiang shEfnme~ne?nar....la€d xl~~ya? 8.nt:A ....zu'fb}deshang •....
" ....." """ - /' /'
'-'b~bushang.zenme lac shuoql1al mel ge wan?'-' • v '"""
b/¥?ni:,yaO dakal chuanghu, jiu.•...guan~hang...-deng, yaoburan jln w(nz.
2-" ';" ..,. " - .... """.jlndlan
d houmenr bel zel gel ql~okal le. touzoule bu shao dongxl.
3.f~ngkal wo, rya.oburan(yaoburb~ra'n)wo~ao rang Ie. 4.q'fkal ql\:al,. '-' .,.;
v ". '-" '" - _ ". 3
hao~gC?u hal bu dang d~o,-"ne. 5.ba"'zhuozlshang d dongxl dou,.....n~kal,women •....
vzalvzh~r xle. 6.Alzhe~chuanghu d¥dekal dabukal? Bld~ngran dadekal 1e,
n1 w,1~8henme wen? Al.ylnwel wo~c9nglal mel~kanjlango zhe~chuanghu dakaigo.
A2 .Ylnwet..•..wo••.kBn I ta••..lao guinzh. (~. wd.....d..;mehrshangle s8n~dao
bB'oxlk'nsuo.shenllleg8om(ng d zel \ ye qlflobukal. 8.Alzhe':,gesh!tou~. ~ ~
~huipen nf'dekil•...n8'buk&l? Bll~bukal, t~l...,.zh~ng.B2lshldl~O I zenme~
'"neng ntdek81 net•..
__ ----~-~ VyJadfov'n! ces!fch cls10vek nasobnich pomoc{ kvantltat1vn!ha
komp1ementu (spoJenlm 8lsiovek se slovesnymr-nUmeratlvy, odpov!daj!c!m1
~eskemu -krit. napr. /cl/,/huf/,/xla(r)/) YD 205
- r: " " ...,,, ~~" I
l.ta~r wo•..q~go-11~1. (wo~q~gO•...Ylvhul.) 2.Guandong~cal longhudou
iwo 1!...Cl (wo 1)¥hu1) ye~el •.•..chIgo. 3.nl...AUrd~tlng",Y1JC1ar,(d~t1ng"",
-.A~t1nl). yrngp~~n sh{nme""shO'uxu. 4.l>TO,,-,qUrW~nvY1,-,Xlfir,(w~n,,-,wen))n1:'...,
""Ul•..Zh~T rdfngJ1~lar (d!ng.....deng(r» 5. rn1 chingvY1,-,Xl~r, (n1 ching.....
",chans.) zhe xt€n•.•bu_xlanf
&54.1 (IIc.1-S) Souv8t! podmfnkove, vyznacene pr!slovcem /j1u/ ve vete
~ruhe (hlam!) 1\0 206
l.b! j'\nxlng jlngJ' ~lge, shehulzhuyl I j1U~Ul b1ancheng y1 ae kong kong...,...,. • ~Q-, "-'" -0 v
'" " '- _ / - ""'" r ", V"'...... ;'"
•..d kouhao. 2.gongchandangy~n bu••..zhlchl'-'ga1g~.j1u...,bu~h1hao~dangy~n.
'''-'' "....., .•..• ;1""""" - oJ 4 r: / ~
).n1 bU_Aong jlu_~en, zhuyao...,d...,shlb1e b~,dong zhuang dong. • ble b~ka1__ • - • _ .."J • '-' "'-" •
.£ """" ] /'" - .....,." •.• "(ble•..du~Zh)
maodun, youle maodun, j1uJlnggal jlejue. 5.kan...,bu.....ta1.....~qIngChU,
j1u~b8~deng jd~ka1~ba.(kilkal.)
§54,2 Spojky pOdm!nkoyfch vet YD 201
Podmlnka skutecna a neskutecna nen! v c!nst1ne n1jak formalne vyznacena
(cHnstlna u slovesa nezna zadnellzpusoby~ tedy an1 podmlnovacf'
zpusob) a je roz11sena jen kontextem.
Ve vseeh n!ze uvedenych exemplif1kaclch lze spojky /y.aoshi/ a '
/ruguolv zamenovat (pro usetrenf m!sta varianty se spojkou /ruguo~uvad!me
jen v exempllfikae!eh v odd. sf); spojka /yaoshl/ je hovorovejs!.
/ruguo!v je charakterlst1cke sp!se pro texty psane: spojka /j1aru7 je
mene casta. ~
a/llc.1-31 podmfnka skutecnB (rozllsena kontextem)
b/II~.4-?1 podmfnka neskutecna (rozlisena kontextem)
e/II~.8-91 podm!nkove vety (at jlz uvedene spojkam1 cl nlko11v) zakoncene
vfrazem /d~hua~, ktery byva fakultat1vnf (varlantu bez /d hua/ pro
usetrenf mfsta uvadfme jen vex. ell) ~
/
r , -.r:' "')" ? '::l ,. lj- '" •••
s 1. yaoshl {ruguo n1...,Xanj1anhetao, x~ngr~nr •.•..shenm~d, j1u0ke b1e wangle""
vw~. 2.ry~osh1 (ruguo) ta~bu~hu1-xln, jlu~shuomlng ta~bu...,tongYl.
.3. ryaosh1 (ruguo) bu haochl I ta eZh ye bu chi'. 4. rj1arU (yaosh1 rruguo)~ • ~. v ~
Jb 1") -] ~ .•• v
WO~ u~a1, nfmen~1u~a1 nrmen~d~hul, ble~d~ngvwo.
I
... /. (ifl v oj " "''''.If l'
b l.yaosh1~ta me1vfa~x1aoxlny~nr, jiu~buvhu1~ou X1anz~1 zhe~evjleguov
••. 'v v " "...!t
vIe. 2.yaosh1~ta buvfan x1aox1ny~nr, jiu~buvhul~ou xlanz~l zhe~ew
'" '.... ,/ v •• •• .
~j1eguo~le. J.yaosh1vn~ z~0vYlvdlanr q~la1, jl~bu~ul Ch!vdfo~le.
4.yaoshl nlvyongvdianr gong, jiUvbuvhul chI~rd!n~e.
c/l.yaoshl nt'menv
Zhel....dlfang yoJ~hen"'dU0Jl1{1.....A.)\~. J1U••ke11 jl~nZhU
••. ••. .•• 3 "lo 2' -, •••.••
redlanz~n, (yaoshl nimen~zhelvd~fang you~ften~uo m,l. jlu...)erl jlanzhu
" )"..- '" ". .. /.
redianzhan.) 2.nlmen"guojla youyc:u. jluvke11 jlanzhu htdlanzhanl m!l••"
.. ,,,..,, ....•... - .•.. ~ ~
vyouvd kua, jlu cheng went1 'e. 3.yaosh1 n~ bu shuo d hua. wo hat bu...,/"6 ""'" ~ v...... .....,'-' ,.",. ""
"-vZhldao~ne •
~ 54.3 Spojky Iyaobushl/ a /yaoburan! ID 208
a/IIo.1-3. 1,&obushl1 v cele prve vety SOUV~t!1 kd7bJ ne •••, jcsUlfe
ne •••
bl Iyaoburlnl v eele druhe vety souvet!. v opaenem p~!pade, jlnak
a/l.dln~Pl~o del~f~ yajfn, yaobushl tavjlev
ge1levwoJ
qlan, WO~jluJsuan
h..t"ipa"'oley'1t' 2'" b hi "..... 3" •.•
~ v v an~. .yao us. tavlai....,~osulevwo,wO""halmengvzal g~llv
.....ne. 3.yaobushl ta_bingZhUlevwo~ zhe....,shlrj1uv
bSnbucheng.
I
,;V' -1 ••• / ••• ".. -1 •.••
b l.del n~zou tamen~d•....tequan, yaoburan tamen.....Jlulfovb'l.\.....xl~ngxla-ta'1.
2 1 k ....1 dlv ••. b ;" 3 'r....... ,- \ .n
~......anr, yao uran women~lu~ao z~u~le. 3.x~ngku! jladrr
" , / Y - hou,
yaoburan z~o~gei zhetengguang~e.
Souvetf vyjadrujfcf vztah pr{cina - dus1edek.
alII ~5,2 0.1-3, ~55,3 0.5-7: obe vety uvedeny bez jakychkol1v spojek,
veta ozna~ujlc! pf!cinu je uvedena na prvem m!ste ...
b/II~55,1 0.1-2, ~55,3 0.1-41 veta oznacuj!c! pr!01nu {tj. veta na prvem
m!ste)muze byt uvedena spojkou Iyfnwel/. veta vyjadrujlcl vysledek
mule byt uvedena spojkou'/suoyl/; mute byt uvedena take jen jedna z obou
spojek (v tomto prlpade se v hovoroverec1 casteji vynechava /yinwei/)
Souvet! -vyjadrujlc! nejakou skutecnost a jej! oduvodnen!
ell! §55,1 c.J-4.§55,J ~.8-9: obe vety (v uveden~m po/ad!) se k1adou
proste ved1e sebe, veta druha vyjadruj!c! oduvodnenl vsak take muze byt
uvedena spojkou lylnwel1 (spojka Iylnweil v tomto prfpade zduraznuje
sp1se oduvodnen{, nlko1iv pffcinu)
a/1.ta lac bu 1'1 shang-ke, ~ao 11U-jl Ie. (yao dun-ban Ie.) 2.dou ~nv......• ..... - •'-' • v
ye Ie, W6 ~ei shut jl~O 'e. 3.taJ!leixuexl, bU gan qu canjia kaosh).#~ ......,)-A- •••i. ~ . .............." ......, .
.., "y ",,, J\ , "" •• ,/ •..• - -
4.tamen m~1vq J.ng,..,wo,wo bu..."q;t.5.ta...•.•hi j~""zuqpa.i,b1}~tongYlxln ,jingji,-"
.... ,,-'- ~,/ ,...., 'v: v,..vZhengce.
6.ta taljiao'ao. renyuanr bu hao. 7.ta tal mahu, lao al piping.• "-' v. '-""" • '-'
8
;" I 1 , - V' " •••
•wo~juede ta~bu~uany1 shuo, wovye~lu bu~uanTl w~n~e.
b/l.rta t~l jlao'ao, (y1nwel ta tal jlao,~o.) suoyl renyuanr bt hao.. ••.... . '-'
r " '-" (- 'oJ) V' V' /
2. ta t~i mahu, ylnwel tavt~l....,W:hu,suoy1 l~o..,alplplng.
1 , - - ;" 11 'ta
bu vuanyl shuo, (ylnwei wo juede t& bu vuanyl~ ~ ~ ~ ~
bu yu~nY1 wen. 4. rta'shi gongren jlejl\./ . ....,.. '-'
- -- V'" Ir "
....,jlejichvshen.) sU~Yl rang~ta""qu shangvdaxue.
e/l.wo b~ xlang chl wanfan Ie. rtal wan le.(ylnwel tal wan Ie.) 2.renmlnv."'-' '-" '-'" .'-""" / , """'" .
vqu'nzh6ng dOu../~ tament ylnwei tamen",shl bU jlang""'mtnzhi(pt~quan""jleCen!.
:3.renmln qU'nzh~ng dou ma tamen, tamen shl bU j1ang m(nzhu d tequen ~iic.ntJ.'-'" '-'" .'-" '-" """'" v 'oJ. ",<I .,
J. rwo juede
""
- V' V'
shuo.} suoy1 wo""ye
Pozmfmka. V oddl1e al exempl1flkace G.6-8 jsou varlantaml exempl1f1kaef
b/l,2,:3 s vypusten!m spojek /yinwel/ 1 Isu6Yl/: ob~ v~ty souv~t!
nejsou vyslovne uvadeny v prlclnnou souv1s10st a skute~nostl. kter~ vyjadrujf,
jsou proste konstatovany (v pfekladu do ee!tlnY obl vetv souv~t{
nejlepe spojlme spojkou "a~ nebo ani v cestine spojku neklademe)
Podobne je tomu 1 v odd!le cl s exempl1flkac! ~.3ve srovnan! s
exempllf1kacl c.2, je~ uvadl souveti duvodove (veta duvodova stoj! na
druhem mfste souveti uvedena spojkou lyInwe1/)
§56 Pokud jde 0 vyjadrovanl stejnosti a nestejnostl a take stejnea nestejne
miry nejake vlastnost1 nebo lntenzity deje, nstlna u '
meroveho slova lyan~1 druh ve s o~en! s c!slovkam 1 a L!lang[p&
oo1e1kt1ekyml slovy !zhe ,/na/,/zen , zenme(.Tato spojen vystupu~
jednak jako pr{sudek, jednak mnoha z n1ch 1 ve funkel p~{s10vc!.
Srovnej:
lyLyang/"byt stejny", jako p~{slovce (/y~yangl ,/yl,..sang li/h "stejne";
111ang...,ysngl "byt neste,1nY, byt rozd11nY"ilzhe.,yang/ "byt'"'takovy(0 sltuacl)",
jako pr!slovce:"takto"i/na~yangl "byt takovy (tj. onakY)·,jako
pl'Islovce:f1tak1/zen....yang/./zenme.~yAng/"byt jaky? bit v jakem stavu?~
jako pfls1ovce: "jak?"
f56,1 V{razy /y{ yang/,/y{ yang dl ve funkcl pr{slovce. stejn~
YD 210
a/llc.1-2: bez uvedenf clenu srovnan!
bl 110.3-71 clen srovnanf uveden prepoz1cnim1 slovesy /gen/,/xiangl
'poznavyrazy Iy{ yang/,/y! yang d/J stejn~ jako prepoz. slovesa Igen/,
IXlangl) jsou prakticky l1bovolne zamenitelne .
all.women",nar't\he""nrmen'V'zher~ddongxl I yfJang,y;uL 2.ta'menJia yf~
'- ,"'" I - f" 3 ~ r.,-"yangbEZn. 3.guoqu xianz~l ta""douy;Jangy leguan. 4.j1-.fievhalztav
- , " ..., t
...,y! yang (ta y{ yang d) rteng• (al. r- tlng,e-l.) 5.X1.n.,plaoz .11u.nlaoz.""" "-" e,-" V _....,rbU...shl'"'yl•...y~ng
(b(_Shl"",yf..~~ngJi) hua•....ma?
b/l.ta gen..,Pa.;nama rY(.J~ng congmlng. (y! y~ng•....d congmlng.) 2..zal wCC
,-,zher I ta
1
jlu gen ta zal z\.11 jlal1 I ry{ yang su{-bla.n. (y! yang d su!--..J ...,,/ '-" "'-II" ••.••'" • """'. ...."
-blan.) Q);.ta gen~ta..).aoz y(ytng,.J1 hUl..).ou. (hUl-.11ou)11'n.)
s:. ., / ~ '/ "! -'.t' .,
156.2 Vyraz YLkyang jako pr sUdek ve vyzn.byt stejny
a/llc.)1 bez vyjadreni clenu srovnan! ,
b/II~.1-2.41 clen srovnan! vyjadren pomoe{ prepo~. sloves /gen!./xiang/
a/I.dajia~d yljlan y{~y~ng. 2.belzh he baozh d ZhOnglianl~Y{vyang.
(
~, -- (-." ,,- I'
y~•...•.yc;ng..••.ch~n.) bel.zh beozh yl ben(r> chen.)'-"" .•v .....,
b/~w~men",d went{ gen~.n!menJi went! I b~nzhl .....Y1J~ng. 2. ta'y~..,alJ1e •...•
'" '"'I - !'~ha bU,-,he~lu gen",wo y y~ng.
9~6.) Kom?lement stu?n~ o~sahuJfe! viraz ~{~yan~/~/y{~yangvd/) v jeho
pr!sudkov funkell b t stejny, 1 v jeho pr slove n funkell stejne
YD 212
a/Ilc.I-31 za slovesem s prlponou /d/
b/II~.4-51 bezprostredne za spojenfm slovesa s prlpojenym predmetem
Pozn. Clen srov~an! uvedeny pOMoef/gen/ ,/xlang/ v ex.a'! je uveden v rame1
komplementu nebo pred pflsudkovym slovesem, v ex.b/ je uveden pred
prfsudk. slovesem.
/
~ 1 - f' ') 3 - - '/
a I.Aln1 zenme ~en...."tavshuod yl y~ng. shl."buvshi nimen•...xian shangliangh~o""
v...." \ 3 v Yo f' 1 11'-' ,
vIe? l!hn~rvd,-"hua: 2.ni....,kan womenv
11a xlang •...dvyl. y~ng. J.tamen", a
V' " / 2' , 1 - , v
pao",d y1.....y~ngV'kual. 4.A: wovneng geivnl,J10ng,-"d gen,-",tay1_~~ng~dJ'lao.
r .•.• y " I' I"" ••.... \- *'
BISh~1 xl.nvnl .....d? 5.zh~ .....zhong wenzhang wO~,ye~nengxle ..•..d gen~ta Ylo.J
, ',-",y~ng...."dkua
i •
" \ " ....• - " ,. -b/l.ta",banvshl(r) p;en",n1 ylYE;ng,buv
huang bu.....mang. 2.ta gen.....ta mama
g~n'-"huoi- [ y(y~ng d ma'11. 3.ta gen tav~ba ka\/ehe I Y!J~n~d meng.
g 56.4 Vyraz ly!vy~n>l:1 ve vetaeh zapornyeh ve spojeni se zaoorkou /bu/':
. YD 21)
,1"11£0 p.f{sudek
a/IIc.7-81 clen srovnanf nen! vyjadren
b/II~.3-61 clen srovnan! je uveden pomoei prep. sloves /gen/./x1ang/;
zaporka Ibu/ stojI,ured prepoz. slovesem nebo pred vyrazem /y~eng/.
podle tono/eo ma byt popreno
Jako pi'!slovce
~/c1en srovnan! nen! vyjadren
d/c1en srovnan! uveden pomoc{ ~repoz. sloves Igen/,/xlangl (v techto
vazhach vfraz /y{~yang/,/y!vYang~d/ bYva v'ak neJ6asteJ1 nahrazen vfrazy
lname/./na~ang/. srov. ~56,6 Pozn.I eX.b/1-2)
a/I. rger.....11a (x1ongd1.....l1a) bu...,!'l""y~ng. Y(fie lfn,,(,~e qfnkU81. 2.l1ang""
" .•. I" .•. / '" .•. - -,.
~pa1 ren d mud1 bu y1 yang, Y~~nA1ren sh1 welle shengguanr fa-cai,.....,. """". " •...... • r-- ...,........ v •
/ "\ .•. -" o,.J"
Yt~1~ren shlvwe11e zhenzh;ng .....d.....g8lge.
b/1
v - .•. , '" - 2" __ I
.w?•...ke gen.....ta buv
y1...,Yang, wo sh~nmevdou chl. . Y~zhou he...,quzhou
bu y1 yang, Yazhou d rengJlan genz tal shen. J.Jleke gen 7.hongguo I...,. ....., """'"' "'~ ""'" .....,- .... •.. •..•. '" •.... v ,. -.) -.; :r •...
buJ1.....Y~ng, women renjlhto. n~men ren,,-du~, women...,x1~o, n1men~da. 4.wo
- l' ~ ," r'" ... ... v .•.
gen",n_d tlaoj1an bUJ1J1ang, n••~x1ang gan....,shenmej1u...,gan, wI?ke..,j1u...,
v ••.•• - J - Yo - r.{ " (\. , "
vde1 kao1u.....kaoluJa. S.A In~men dou y•....,yang""chan.nfl1o:y1....,YE;ng-.phan.)
BlWO bU aen tamen y{ yang, wo.~sh{nmedou chI. ~.q)hoU fangm1an I• ....,J-J....... v -. ,-.I • 'oJ'
Felzhou I b~ gen Y~zhou y1 y~ng, Felzhou geng r~ I geng ~nzao. 7.ta•.••..... """" . •..... ........, .
~.ften .....wo y{yang, xl'ng .....shenme J1u .....Shu~vshenme.
c/1.women zhuy. b~ylyng'" yuan, fanzheng d~u'"'bu~ln. 2.zhe shUli"ngshengv
_,d r:j1e•...r 11•...a (j1V'eme111.....a) I '"' hV
d b' 1'" - ? £.. h' IiV'_ '-' v zenme z ang,", uy .....yang ~ovne '"'"').Z e.... ang..,.
- /1'" .•. v,·... "/1 ....• - /
vzhong hU8_ch.a bU.J1 vang haomal,zhe zhong dairpaocha c~ d dUO,bu tai~ •...•... .....,'-". '""'" '"
",ehou huanyJ.ng.
b6,5 ~POjky IXiang/./haoXiang~(t'z: /xi~ngvShi/,/haox1angvShl/) "jakobyt~
uvadej c! druhou v~tu souvet!, jez byva nadto je~te nej~ast~ji zakon~ena
vfrazem /sh1""dl (II e. 1-5) YO214
1
.•.......... I'" ,. v" ,.", r" v
.X la 0 gour zuo..."za1 m~n•....nar, lao,/kanzh menb~r, x1angJao (haoxiang .....
voyao) chii"qU...flh1,-"d.2. ta jUeZh"",Zul I r xi~ng ....sheng-q)JeJhi .....d. (haox1ang~
""sheng-q),)e •...shLd.) ;. rta~ehoule'""wo (ta .....kanle"'wo) Y1vyan, rXl~ng.•._s·h1
~ , /(haox1ang~sh1)rangvwo
bie .....shu~~hi~.
Pozn. Koncove Ish1 dl je v uVcdenych ex. fakultativnl' v ex.c.1-2 mtsto
vyrazu IXia.ng/,/haox1ang" lze riel tez IXian~shi/,/haox1an8Vshi/.
~56,~ pozn./vfraz Ihaox1ang~' v cele vety nebo v postavenlpred slovesem
ve vyzn.: zda se. Ie ; zda' se, jakoby (Ire. 1-3) YD 215
v '-' l' V' ' •••••
1.haox1ang ta,~ou .....le, ni~u k~n~kanvha. 2. haoxiang Xi~~y~.....le. 3.
v ,,-,/ v ,/ \",,/ r v
h8.oxiang....yao bian-t1E;n, wo"me1..."s~n.de1"p;ankua1 hu~qu. 4.haoxiang ....yao
b1an-tian, Iran j1e dou"sh1 j'ingeha )Clanblnp;.'-" • '-... P
~56.6Virazy /y!~yang(r)~d/ ~/y!~yang(r)/ v prlv1astku
'" •• " /" "\.; "V;a/llc.l-):
/Y1~yang(r~~d ve vyzn. stejny (vsude muze byt nahrazen
vyrazem /tong~ang(r)~d/) ,.. ~
b/llc.4-5: /y1vlfang(r)/(bez pripony /d/ a zpr. malo prlzvucne) ve vyzn.
"nejaky"nebo neprekladame
•. " ,..I - " ..... , '- I " ~
a/l.Y.L,-'y~ngvdren shuo...yl,-"y~ng~_dhua. 2.y;Jangv'd huo weivShenme 11ang"""
'- -........"
,--,yang(r)Jdj1~r,-,ne? ).tuo'ersuo..,/dh~izimen
y1shang.
b/le ta~_cong,-/BeljlngIgei...meivren (ge1""mei"-ge•...r~) d~ilaile
.....lrwu. (y(..ji~n~lrwu.: 2.j 1nnian"sh ~'I"I~dan.11eI wO~.d.~l'engyou
tUdi naina1 - zuole yi y~n~xin ft1anx1n. fe1chang haochl.,....... '-"" ."- .....,
ry1",yang(rL
,
- wo.....jlao,..,ta
ID 217
q56.6 Pozna I Dalsf virazy obsah.l-!..1!clmerove slovo /yang/ zpusob
a/II5.1-4: vyrazy /zhe.....yang~./na¥yang~,/zenme~y~ng/ (/z~n~yang/~) ve
vYzn. prfslovcf: tak (tlmto zpusobem), tak (onfm zpusobem). jak (jakim
zpusobem)ve vetach kladnych
b/Ilc.5-7: tytez vyrazy ve vetach zapornych; je-l1 uveden clen srovnanf
pomocl prepoz. slovesa /xlang/. zaporka /bu/ stojf pred nim
c/ vvrazy /zhe~yang~./na~yang~,/zenme¥yangl ve funkcl pr!sudku, byt takovY
(tj. tohoto zpusobu, tohoto druhu),byt tekovy (tj. onoho druhu
onoho znC80~U),byt jaky . ,
a/l.zhe yang hao d jlhU1 1 nr ke b{yao cubguO. (nt"'kebUyso cuo~uo\ zhev.v .•......v '-/ • '...,...-'-' ' •
~yang,fl hao~jihuIJ 2.ni Zh~~yang x1aoxln, zul~hou hilShl~rang~tamen
Zhua.zhule",btbing. 3.z(nmen ke""bu~neng \ xlang ti...,n9.JAngque-de. 4. rwo
V' '-")" 1 '- V' ~
z;nvyang (wo z~nme zuo. ta~dou bu~many;.
v .,,-, rv' '-' v' '" ,
0/1. wo ke bu xlang n~ na yang laoshl,(n1 na~e laoshl.) zal zhe zhong. '-"......... '-" \,,/.......... ....,; '-' - "-" •.........
qfngkuang WO.:.,shi•...yaO '3hUO~u~~d. 2. rcunrl1 xltilngqlnmen (cunzil1:/d
xlanp;qinmen) dou shuoCVI ei:-zke bU'xhng ruqtn rn'avangJ~oShl (name la'oshi).•........ • .....,""" ......,., v
, r v - b~,-,nengba~zhe~ongzuo
jlao~gel~ta.
\
", ..• -./ 'c/l.ta
Z ",gu,-,z;,t~i,-,z1s1,z~nmen ke~ble xiang~ta navYang. 2.jiu,-,zh~v
". ,,-,',/" -./" - "vyangr,-,ba,zan lia yl ren yi banr. ).A:xin 1al d nel ge gunlang, ta ren"-' ................,.....,• • '"' '-' '- v· .,
\.."'" y' V' " / v 'zenme
yang? S:lang hao d. 4.wo lei Ie, hU1qU zenme yang?"...... .·v....., ......,• v • "'"'
- ./ I..... v... r:.... '-' "
xinniangz zhang d zenme yang? Bf muyangr (lianr) bu cuo,-' '" . . •........
.....dianr~ 6.~~Jmen d touz r we'1r~ b~ z~nme y~ng.,""". '-' """ \oJ' •
5.A,
jlU~Sh1 ~lle~
- 155 "
"/ .•. .... I.... ..."
~56,6Pozn.II Vyrazy /Y1¥yang(r)/,/zhe~yang(r)~./naKyang(r){./zenmeJ
~lang(r)/ v prlvlastku YD 218
a/IIc.1-3: ve funkcl prlsudkovych vyrazu
b/Ilc.4-61 ve funkc1 prlslovcf
a/l.zhe yang zuo n~1 yang zuo \ rdou"sh1 y1 y~ng d X1~oguo. (x18.oguo dou.,.""" .....,., • ......., "0../ v- """". v ,
r."" - , .... - 1"'"
. y1 yang. xlaoguo dou shl y1 yang d.) 2.zheJang d t1anql nar x1ang- """". \"./ .........• .....,., •........ ....."
.... - 'I / , - ... ~
d<;ngtlan.....ne? 3.nayangr •....d ~oj1 •....huo zhr..."neng.....za1..•tE1shu•....shangd1an1F
cal•....yOu. 4.!'10~buJh1dao x1nja1--,d jing11 shi3~nmeJa.ng...ftyi~ge ....ren.
b/lene yf....xang.....ml'n.....,dwentl I rang.....,tamen,..,l1ala1•...hu1da. 2. rZh~vyan~....,leng.....d
tlanq1 (zh~ lang....,lengd tianr) 1 wo'fuendJao.....,ye'yeshl jU{.....,bU...,hulChUqIl"d.
3.n~,-"yangdal..,.Zangz!r,-A.-,hUa.~wo2.~ket1ngbugua.n. 4.w9~ke-..-zhIdao[ te.~sh1 y1..."
.....sershenme~yang(r)•....d (z~nmeJe.ng1rLd) rH(oshl-..-d.-.-ren.(l~oshlr{nJ
~57 Pouzfvanf cls10vek /er/ e./llang/ YD 219
Cls10vka /er/
e.! jednoduch~ (jednoslablcna) c{slovka /~r/ dye ve formullch matemat.
ukonu
b/ ve vsech slozenfch clslovkach (1 ve spojen! s merovym1 slovyt)
c/ ve spojen! s p~edponou clslovek re.dovYchl /d1ter/ druhy
Cls10vka /llang/
d! obecn~ ve spojenl s merovymi slovy
e/ ve spojenl s merovymi slovy oznacujlc!mi clselne rady (/ba1/ sto.
/q1an/ t1s1C e.td.) se pouzfva c!slovek /er/ 1/11ang/
f/ ve spojenl s nekterymi merovym1 jednotke.m1 se rovnez pouz!v~ obou
c!slovek (ve spojenl s merovou jednotkou /11ang/ dvoulot (tj. 50 ~r.)
se pouz!va vtdy c!slovky /er/)
{
" ~ ....,
a/I. sh11•....dOU zhlde.o ! er jla..•~r shl-..-si.2. sh bel~er chu shl ~.
(
" " v r: ;' (hi .....,)
(sh yongver chu shlv~' yong er chu....,shs .....W¥.
.... '- - ;'), I - ~ .... .... 'I " ..• IJ
b/l.ershlt~r jie.•....shl ~r shl.....,se.nshls:.2.e~~bal ershlt~r cheng Y1vba1
y1Shiyi I shi 11~ng wan sl qian 11~ ba1 s\sh1t~r.. '-" "'""' •....... ......, '""'" ""'" .
c/l.1ly!~ge~en ChUle.1~Yih6u I d1'~r~,ge~ren cal~neng~jlnqu. 2.wo..."bu~eng--,
.....,1£1sh1•.....yinwei I dlyI I wO~lren b1ng....,le,me"tJen kan•...h~iz; d(tir I . wO~.,d,-"
- " ~ ..., - v /
....,gongzuol1e.ng tian zhi ne1 del ji~o, suoy1 qing vuanliang ba.~~ -.../......... "-" J • .."
d/l.~o zU6 huoche 1 zU61e liang tian l1ang ye, 1~is1 Ie. 2.liang zhang""" ""'" """'" --- .•.., ~ '-"
"' .... v-I"" V "'- " .•..
chue.ngtour xiaozhuorshang fangzh lia.ng zhan taideng. 3.ta yong y1 tao","". v,",. v .
v -. ;' I' V' ...., •••.• 4 r. v ....
~~jia.n....,wuz-..-dfa.ngz huanle liang,pao 11ang~j1an•.....d fa.ngz. • l1a ren
(11ang ge ren) t q{zh liang lie.n~ che dao shuan~ fang f~m~ 11; qu b81-nl'n.'-" ....., .....,.. v ..., ....",.u •••...••
.; "",.1 r: " VI v"',,
e/l.congvquan~guo lal1e l1ang wan l1ang qlan (llangv
wan erv
qlan) ~~J
~OOl~~rshl'~r~mlng dalblao. 2.ShUO~h~~d-flhlhOUr I Yl~~n~xfguan~ShUO
....... '" --"" / "I " ""
l1ang~~n, b1!"""xiguan..."shuo~r wan. 3.Y1pC1adJ3hur sh1•....ershl 'el'•.'~n
r"" , ,," "'"l1ang'-'qlan•..•er"""oo1(er__qlan.....,er-.....OOl)ersh1 'er d1anr ~r.
, r, v , v v, v.....,'r/l.ta
zhongle er mu daoz er mu ca1. (11ang mu daoz l1ang mu ca1.) 2.•••...... '-" ....,. ..../ '-". ~ '-./. ....••. ....",.
.•. r, / " -..-.r... -.......,/,/ I
zhe~shl ~r mao d piaoz. (11~ngvmao d piaoz.) 3.hua 11~ngv~o q1an
j1U k{Yl mal yege. 4.zhe benr c(d1an I cai l1ang•.....kuai er mao,~,~,zhi'n
pla'ny1. 5.wo~yao ~r jln~hC£ngylngguo, er...)rnrXiangji~o.Jpfngp;uo.(hu{ngv
,-"p(ngguo.) 6.Alzhe tiao jln xlangl1~nr I du~shao"ke? B'll1angy~ dU~
'-JY1Jilanr. 7 .jlnn1an Ita~hr mai ge1"""gu6"jia l1~ng d~n,..Jla"'ngSh1. 8~ zou,
". v~-, '-' -" '-/zan lia he er l1ang qui (he.Jta~erliang qui)'-'" .'-'" """" •.•.....•• . '-'" ...,
~58~2 Vetna castlce /00/ (viz tez
USEe atr. 63-64)
Fonetick~ charakterlstika cfnstiny,
YD 220
a/IIc.1-21 zm!rnuje rozkaz
b/IIc.3-41 v otazce naznacuje ocek~van! souhlasu
c/Il0.5-61 ve vypovfdacfch vetach naznacuje subjektivn! nejlstotu nebo
neduveru. zmfrnuje apod1kticnost tvrzenf apod.
a/l.sh{nme Sh1 qlngsheng. nl hulda ba. 2.1aosh1.JshUO I shf'jland~o le,
" " "-,, "zanmen x1a~k~ OO. 3.kua1 ch!~ba, buran yao~11~ng~le.
v - " " y ,
kEZy1.....,chuquwanr•....la...J:la?2.jiu..,.ann~.AY'1Si
~58,3 Vetna csst1ce /a/ (/wa/,/ya/./na/> YD 221
a/llc.1-4; ot~zkam (charakterizovanym jako otazky tazacfmi slovy. opakovan!m
slovesa se zaporem nebo 1 jen 1ntonacl> dod~va emocionalnfho
zabarven!
b/llc.5-71 dodava vete charakteru zvolan!
all.'banY~lr I qlche pi'ole-..-m{o.sh{nme",chedOlL~meivYou.zh~.....kp. zem!le~haoa?
:> v "" / ""
2.ni0'3h1z~uzh la1vd ya? 3.ni,~1~1~bu..)ala1 yao la1 de't~x1ang~osu..,
~'l1ovY1vshenp;r•
,. -,. 4" " ,/ "v
b/l.quan~jia~ren zai~iku~ir guo-nlan. du~~ao~at
,/ --~chang zh~n~gao .....at
,.,/ -2.changcheng shi zhen~
'-' .
§58.4 Vetml castlce lmal (viz teZ' Fonetlcka charakter1stika c!nstlny.
UsHe str. 61, 64) YD 222
a/IIo.1-21 na kanc1 vet tazac!oh. relatlvnl poloha c'st1ce Imal je
vyss!
b/II~.)-41 na konci vet vypov{dac!ch nebo vyb!zec!ch (vyjadruje nalehavost
vypovedl nebo vyb!dnut!). relatlvn! poloha castlce Imal je hlubs{
a/l.yu ......d-.•.ch{ngz y~.....neng chi, nl~zhIdaO~ma? 2.A Iwo.....qu. nrye..,qu~ma? BI
""""1'"""" ~':"t -,/ :.- ,.
nLqu w~Je,-jlu quo ).A:XiaoxI jintlan l~igo,)e.)ll8? Blhal""m;l.....
v - ,. \ "'. .] V' v
,-,nee 4.nl zhao.,tat na bu ~h .,mat ta lA.1Je~5.Alwod shoubiao ne? Blbu..,-- ,-"....;r .__ '-' ""-' • ......,
('" "vsh1 zal~n ~shou~hang d~lzh~ne'-ma?
b/l.wO.....-dYi~i I genvnl",dv
Y1""S1\ shl""y(,y~ng",dv-rna.m{i",you•...blyao zhenglUn.
2.ni b~ xlhuan1jiu bie mal me.'-J. ...., v.,"
a/IIo.1-)1 oznacuje trvanf deje (srov. ~40,7 YD 158)
b/II~.4-61 oznacuje vyrazy tvo~ene pouhfm nomlnaln!m clenem 6nektere
rozvazujlc! vyrazy)jako otazky .
c/II~.7-101 emocionalne zabarvuje otazky obsahujlc{ tazac! slova (tyto
otazky nepr1poust~ji pouflt! v~tne ~~stice lma/)
a/l.Alni ~1ren zal nar ne? Blzal hti1lyouyong nee 2.ya'ng I zal caodlshang.•.... ....., . ......,. - . -' ......,.
\./ ,,'- r,y " '" " ,,ch1.....c~o...,ne.J.wo",dao....,zherylj1ng•....banvn1~nJe.
(yrj1ngyou be:n,-"ni~n_).e.)
,/ •... .....-: '- ~
ha1.....-mei..,kangojleke.....diany~ngr~e.
1 ~ v 1 ~. "" '\b 1.AlWO d yanj.ngr~ne? Blzal.....,zhuqZlsnang_,ne.2.wo rangJll ban,-,"dvsh;rv
vne• nl..••~n...,le"'rna?).A IW('-..q~. ~vYe •.....qu. n'fye? BcnY",shuovne. wo.....qU
rh'Ov.8?(h!shi",1l8?) 4.A:wo ..,,,juede I t8''''''zhe...,ge.....re'n bUju'O,. nr •.•shuo""ne?
B:.~....,8huo'"sh.nae",ne. wo...,renshi..);e eai""li eng..,.ge..,yue.
c/l.A,nrmen shuo sh{l ne? BI~osu nr. nry~ bu ~~nshl. fKnzheng shuo dV' ."-" It """ """,,...,r • ....,..",
b" "" / y "" '" ~
u",shi~nl. 2.ta"mei~zal nl..,nar,neng...,zaish~l..,nar.••..ne? 3.A:zanmen q\ngzhu..,
V'q1.~hU~bat BI sh~me~shihour ..••ne. '!l(ngtianze'nme""y~ng? Alm(ngtlan I
jlu....•m{ngtian...,ba.Blm{ngtlan jrJilan~e? Alwo..,k\nl xl~-bin...•.Ylh~U 4"....,
V' y v "~dlan~ba.
Blhaovba. jlu~~~lan. keshi zalvntr~e? A,zal shualke~
{
0( yo... .., \"." \...,pjluguanr Zenme yang? B'IMo ba, yl van we1 d ng..• """" .v V v v.
V~tna ~astlce /le/ (prfpadne
se muze take vlozlt mezl zKkladnf
kator (atonlck~ vYslovnost obou slabtk modiflk
1 kdyz prva jeho slablka se muze prl1ezltostne
l.weO~."r;Unlang.l1~ng~ge pengyou reh~oleqllaL (Ch€Oqnal..;te.)
Zlil-...dOngkOurI lOule •...lou .....t~ur. ryou ....•.s •..l~lehulqu. (yOu ....•su~hulquJe.)
YD 225
(II~.1-5)V!izby s /chUfoei. •• bur8"n/.!l /chUf-ei ••• ce'i/
3 ~'" ••.. '" "" - 2' .~ - ,
l.c~urel n~bu •...hu~. buran jlu~el .....zu~. 2.chufel nI....you y~ngjonghu~,
bura'n jlu•...buJleng zal""zh~l,-,Jla..,shangdla.nmal....dongxl. 3.chufel I n(....you
" , "" .... .•. - ""-...., ""
walhulj~nr. eal....neng maldao zhe....zhong ....dongtl. 4.chufel nl~gel~ta shenmev
- " - - "vh~oehu.
ta,-"cal neng bang~.nl shuo shuovhu~.
~59,1 v ~!n§tln~. jak jl~ v!me. se slu~ovacf s 0 en! menn
~len~ vyjadfuje nej~astejl prostym postaven m clen vedle. ne dy t za
porooei nomlnalnfch slu~ovaerch spojek (men~ ~asto net v ~estln~); v pf!pade
nekollka~sobnfch postverbaln!ch jmennfch ~len~ se nejcast~jl sloveso
opakuje pro kazdf ~len zVl~Mi. V ot~zk~ch se hojn~ pOUZ!V8 rozlucovac!
spojky/halshl/ nebo. .
~59.ZSlucovac! spojenf clenu nekollkanasobneho podm~tul ~leny se proste
kladou vedle sebe (posledn! m~£e byt prlpojen fakultatlvnfml spojkaml
/gen/./h~/). u slovesa se zpr. klade vhodn~pfls1ovce vyjadruj!c! plura-
11tu (IIc. 1-8) YD 226
1.renshen dlaop! wUlacao I shl dongbel d san yangr bao. 2 •n~n d nii d. ~ ...." "'" """. ......, '-' ......,
lac d sh~o d I dou canjlale yO'uxlng. 3. rtudour mia.ndan mla.rib8:o(tud~urv
....." '"'" '-'" .- ....,
vml~ndan he rnlllnr,ao)I dou shi jleke d zhushl. 4. rRe"nmlnrlbSo_ J _ ~ '"...., . • •... "".. .... • 'jiguanbao.
!10ngquan~o (Renminvrl ~o he",HOngeequ8'nlibfo) I d~UJhi gongchangda'ng",d .
v 'r ~ ~ I "", ~ "" ~
5.wo na.r..y~ ,bu..qu. chu-guo liixlnp; guonel lux1ng (chu-guo li.ix{ng-- - - ."" ....., .""'"
he....guine1""1,1x1ng) I f~nzheng dou....Xuyao,Aia'n.
~59,3 Slucovacf spo~enf clenu n~kollkanasobneho predmetu
predmet v postverbalnlrn postavenll
a/IIc.1-31 pomoef spojek /gen/./h~/
b/IIc.41 opakovanfm slovesa pro kazdy clen, prl opakovanem slovese stojf
vhodne pr!slovce, napr./ye/ take, /hai/ je~te
c/II~.6-81 ~leny se kladou vedle sebe (poslednf mnze byt pr1pojen pomoc1
spojek Igen/./he/), pred slovesem stoj{ zpr. prlslovce /dou/
predmet je vantepozic11
d/IIc.9-121 stejn~ jako v c/
predmet nepr!mtl
e/II~.13-141 nej~ast~j1 pomoc{ spojek /gen/./hel (at j1~ se jp~nR 0 pnstaven!
za slovesem nebo je nepr{m1 pr~dmet uveden pomocf p~epoz. ~lovesa
Iget!)
a/I. ~e1guo he SU11~n I dou youle huojlan• '"'" T •.•••.
2.M~1gu6 he~Su11in 1 yrjlng qland1ngle I xlaohul j}ncheng~dao~an he~
~zhongcheng daodan d xley~.• v ...,
1 ,,- - r:' - ,. ~" -, - ,.b{l.ta shl waljlaoguan, augo Zhongguo ye qugo Fel11bln.(qugo Zhongguov ..•.....• '"" • "'"" •.
he~Fel1lb1n.) 2.Zh~1 wel lac xlansheng I hu1 zhongw{n yIngwen, y~.hU1't ...., '-" """" •• -
1''' '" ,. -" '" "'" •.• - I .•.
d~wen ~wen. hal~hu1 xlbany~wen he~p~taoyawen. 3.zh~1~ge jlahuo t~b1e...,
~xl'huan ql8'n,y,r'xY'huannUren. 4.wo mtl you y\ngbl melyua'n,ye me'tyou 1
'" "-". "" ""' . .....;-.'-"'"
.., "' r ..,- , .ben ~uo d walhuljuanr, zh you putong d kelang.~ ...., . ...., ...., '"'"
I
r. 1 ".. \. I\,- ('1 ..•••• 1. -) I ....
c 1. tA~ba bleshu qlche ta_ba bleshu he..,qche dou~~lchuqu~le, yao...,
•..•ntl Xl~o16ur. 2.,.1B:'OhU'o'zI gen ren da-jl~ , ba b(z 'yanjlng I dou rang•...
. ""'" ""... """"
~ .•...- t£l.., r I ( I "'...,
~en gel_daqlng~e. ~.saoz ba•..•rou cal ba..,rouhe...,cal)dou..,rnalh~o~e.
4.1~otour za1•...calyu(nr~ne, laop6r ba...,c~lI f~n I d~uvBel~ta songqu~e.
~.laotour zal calyw{nr net laopar I r~ng ta nfucu t ba cal I f~n I dOu..,
'" ......" v.....'""'" • -.
" 6r." v , ., v- "~gel~ta
songqu..,le. • ta rangvw~ wo~m~lmel (ta_rang~wg gen~o~m~lrnel)
.•. , "dou~sh~ng t~men~jla•...qu guo~lan.
d/l ;tangc~yu' I h6ngshaoj1 (tangcuyu hej16ngshaojl) wo dou Cwo ~ou ytJ"ing)• • • - • V """"'.....J
, ..., \. 1 I '" , r,/ I ,
zuoh~o..,l~,?a1vzuo~Yl~ge t~ng jluvkeyl chi...,f~n~e.2. chuan~ gUJ.z
(", ') I - ... " ... - fi\ r- --I
chuang hp.~gul7. ta~d~u..,hulzuo, hal~hulvzuo zhu~z...,ne.~. shouylnjl
dl~nshlJ1 (shouYlnjl he dt~nshlj1) I ta dou hut Xlull, 11&n 1uxl~ngjl I""'" \J • "";.10 '"' •
4" " ,/ 1/' )' ('ta_~OU~hUl_X:~ll. .hong~ lan~d bal~d wovy;~yang{r ya0vY ~~~
- ,tL(°stn \oJ':;' 1 - ~...., - .••
e/l.bamel A gelvw~ he~n~'p.rmen shaolalle yurong~1ay\. 2.ta~jle~el~
.., - \. I ~ v
~w~ genvwov~lren m~l...,re~ytvba yusan.
959,3 pokr. Pr!klady slu~ovacfho spojenf nekollkanasobnfch clenu
v preverMln!ch urcenfch casu a mfsta YD 228
a/IIc.11 urcen! casu
b/IIc.!1 urcenf m!sta
r: " I - ""... - r '" "" 1 ' /' r:; ,
a/I. qunlan jlnnlan (qunian gen jinnian longnlan shenlan lon~nian. . . '-' . . ..genvoshfnla'n)\ Jle'ke...,ddOngtlan I g~nbenv'buV'xiangrt;'ngtlan.Y1"",dlanr""
Y'1siye mti you. 2. rsh;;ngwu1xlawu (sh~ngwu he xiawu) I dou vou tSolunhut.""'" .••.... """"'" . . . """'. .'-"
- (J.,~ - '"' 1 (' - '" I h" "" ~ y
b/l.jlalf jiawai dou~hl ta~.~ge~en zhangluo. ta~alren Z ~~uan Zljl~fi
•.. ".~)". ... I '"" - I .., , I v'"
~uan9zuo.2.10uqlan louh~u' youvohao...,xle~hu~rcaodl he~xlaosh~r •
•. I'" I -...., - .•.• , :-.
3.gu\z sh~ngmlan . y.l~mlan dou~salman~e shUt Yljing m~l..,Youdlfangr~e.
~59,4 Slucovacf spojenl C1en~ nekollk~na~obneno prlsudku YD 229
a/IIc.1-21 slovesn~vyrazy v postaven( bezprostre~ne vedle sebe
b/Ilc.3-41 adjektlva bezprostredne vedle sebe (v ust61enych spojen{ch)
c/Ilc.5-101 slovesne i adjektivnl vyrazy ve11e sehe. kazdy ~len uveden
prlslovcern/youl (prlslovce Iyou/ na prv~~ mrst~ ~~ze byt nahrazeno
prls10vcem Ij~/ d/II~~59.3
c.51 modalnl sloveso se opakuje u obou Cienu. podruhe s vhodnym
pflslovcem (napr. Iyel tez)
a/l.ta~t~ng~zai c¥odlshang kan~sh~. Z.t;menvlia I ZUOvZ~i..,Ylku;trI he~Ch~
b/l.zh~ ge r~nv v
- v •••
j ingj\,kek~o.
c/l.qu~Bei j 1ng
- ~ """""'"." v 1""":'
Yinxlan~laohua. y.l~oxln..,ta.2.shlyon~ zh~~honF jlql
'" v~" ,. 'V 1".
3.zh~~ge~xiaohuoz nlanqlng youwel •
ta y~u 7UO feijI you zuo huoche. ?. wo1nen.~j1aI ry~U- . .....,.,.... """"". - .'""""
,- •.• 1 \ /"'''' - - I
~chl zhon~~uofan YOUvChi ji~kefan.(Y~U~Chl zhon~can
..... ~ •.. "" "" .... - -- '"
3.ta~y~uvlan you~hu~. sh~l~dou~bu~uanyi gen~ta~ezuo.
you v'Ong-.a;o.ng:.laoshl he'nxYhuan ta.J • ...." ..."
I
"""" -......,-"... - 'I".; """ ""'" "'" , -...,;
d l.ta~ganvshuo ye~~an~zu~. 2.tamen~xlang xue~guw~n, ye~iang xue~shuf~.
•.. - -you chi xican.)vo •
4.ta you con~mln~•••..... ."""" . " ..'
~59,5 Slucovacf snojenf n~olikanasobnfch prfsudkovych (tj. slovesnfch 1
aojektlvnfch) 1 jmennfch ~len~ pf{vlastku YD 2)0
a/lIC.1-2:8lovesne vyrazy s e kladou vedle sebe nebo (majf-li stejny
podm~t) se tez mohou spojovat pr(slovcem Iyoul
b/11c.3-41 adjektivnl vyrazy mlvajf ka~dy u sene prislovce IrQu/
c/IIo.5-6: v ustalenych spojen(ch adjektivnl vyrazy stoj( proste vedle
sebe
d/Ilc.7-9al jmenne cleny se spojuj! pomocf spojek Igen/./hel nebo se
podstatne jmeno pro kazdy prfvlastek opakuje zvlas(
,. I'" "'.... .... "... ..• ~
a/1.zuotian wovrangvni nazou zui..•.hoU nl~halshl wangvza1vzher.....1e~d nel~
vbao.....dOngxiIy\ ..hU'r'ryouJe'n gee:n1.....S~ngqu. nf.•...zal•...jial1 dingzh. 2.ni neng•.....
") v... I'" - ~ - 4 .... I
.....buvPeng bav
nlvnei.....el rangvwo",chiwovme1vchlvd ne1_zhong~v~o
, -r v V" "" I'" ~ha1shl gel wo..d1anr, wo ylang Shl shl. 3.q1u nl ba.ngzhu you bu xlnren~• '"'" ~ v'" ••..... '"'" v V •
.....nlv
d shlr I wovbupn.
b/l.zh~ yang y~u chan you Ian ~ye'n I sh{l x!huan? 2.ta:"youv! lZeyo.u .""" tJI"'" .v.....,J-A-. v~
,. - I ... "" ... ...
vnlanqlng y~u.....nengganvd zh~shou.
I ". " - 1 "r. ,. 1 " (.....". ... ~c 1.popo"ukua ta_you"'y~•...ge ~l1~l.suovd xlfur. yCilu.....mal1 you.).isuovd
"f ) 2 •.. I It .•••. ;' ~......k.....- 1Xl
ur. .ta",fuq1n shl~i~we1 he al~ eq~n.....d aoren.
d/l
r: ... .... ( ""... .... r ". ... ...)I
• zh~.....yangrvd_hua ruguo zh~~angrvd hua ruguovshl zh~~angrvd hua
v - v~ \,.. .....". - - <1..... ,
wo.....genvnl'"d null bU,,,)lU,,,,suanMl""d':v1evMa? 2.ta gen.•...ta"'alren...,dqlan
- •.•. r.:;-. ••• -1 ". , ..., ,'t
shl fenkalzh yong. ~. iaguan ba yuangao he belgao d shenxun jl1u I
'-' . - '"". '""'. "'" -'"
, ... I'" tii) •• C ""- '" •• ,
kanle yi blan YQu ~~e yl bian. 4.wo mei you jleke d walhuiJuanr •
• '"' ~ V"" v "-' '-" • ""''--'
v ~ - ....' '" ~.... •... ...•• ""ye...,~elvyouzh~ngguovdvwalhuljuanr.
(wo me1 you jl~ke"'walhuljuanrtye mel'"
- "" .""...... ""...,youZhongguo walhuljuanr.) wo shenme walhuljuanr dou mel you •• v """'to....... '" ""'"
~59.6 (110.1-3) Souradne spojene v~tynejcastejl k1ademe prosta vedle
sebe YD 2)1
J - "I' - "" J .... "1' - - - , 1l.women zhongguoren a1 he ~ha. nlmen 11ekeren a1 he kafe1. 2.yazhouren~. '- v- • ...,u. '-'""" ••
~1 he lUcha. ouzhourenl~i he h6'ngcha.~.wO shl fojlaotU. nl'shi fldujlaotu.~ .. '-' "-' . ....,. ...".
1 r: { ", - .... ... .... "" ..... - ", I" ,. ~
ta shi hu j1aotu (y1sllanj1aotu). hai you xu duo ren 'sh1 bu x1n shenmev. • __ """"......,. ....,.'-'" ...",
_... ",,,, v r: ".... 2 ....
zongjiao d. (shi wushenlunzhe~ shl bu x1nyang shenme zongilao d rwU~ ....., • .••••••• •••••....• '-' t1 ,,-. ....J
zOngjl'aoxtnyang.) 4.Zh~1.....jl.....ge~xUeSheng Id9u""hen.....y6ng."gong. shurp{ng
"'b ... '1 ~ I'" .... - V,." ...ye~ ~~eu9. n~ ~j1~ge xuesheng l~o.....bu~yong-gong. shulp1ng tal",cha.
cifti r~ng .....tamen rdun-ban. <lid'-j!.) •.•... ..
~60.1 V~ta p~edm~tna (bez jakekoliv spojky) je v postaven{ za vetou
hlavnf YD 2)2
a/l1c.1-4: neobsahuje otazkovB slova
b/11~.5-8: ot~zkova slova stoj! i ve vete predmetme na mfste. jez jim
prfslus! podle jejich syntakticke funkce
..... " """" 1 .
a/l.wo~j1wei ni_b~~ai~e. nl.....1ai.....le. t~ivhao_1e. j nlai jinlal. 2.n1.....
'I - ....1 \"''''' '" l
~kan ta shuo d hua hUl suan-shur ma? ).renjia dou shuo ta.fiht,ge'""" '-"'\wi' ~ v "" __
sh{njingbl.ng, SUeYi bie"gen ta sheng-ql t.V' -.J
- 162 .••
1 "- I 4.. •••• ••.•• l- y
b/l.Sh~l dou....bu~zhldao zhe~shl zenme....gao....d. ?wovzh!dao ta~x~huanv
.....shenme ZhOngguovgUnlang, d~nshl bu.....Zhldao I ta~xlhuan....d Shl.....shfl. 3.wo....
- r."''' ;'."..... r::
~zh~dao Shelv
gaolevwo. (shel~bavwo gel.....gao.....le.) var. wo.....zh\dao shl....
", "- ,.; , ",. "....shel
gaolevwo. (shlv
shei ba....wo gel~gao~e)
~60,1 pozn.II (II~~60,1 ~.9-16) Vety se slovesy, po nlchz nasleduje
predmet~ funkcl "spolecneho (konexn!ho)" v~tneho ~lenu (tj. p~edm~t,
ktery je z~rov~n podm~tem slovesa nisleduj!cfhoJ pflpadna slovesna pr!pona
se p:i'lpojujea~ k tomuto druhemu slovesu, srov.eX.c.7-8.) YD 2JJ
l.ql'ng:wo",q(ng"",nlba.....zh'eJeng x\n 1 jlao..)SeiXiElO,-",Tl{nr•
... ,.- ...•. -,.;"
2.pal: guojla pai..,tachu.....gUQ~xu~xl.
3.rang: t~men gongsl I rang ta dao zhongguo qu gongzuo.v -...... v
••• , ,,. - y - - r r4.bu ranga ta alren bu rang ta zai wuzil~ chou-yan, ta zh hao dao"'" •..... "'" '-' """ '-'" \"",/ ....,
'-, " - ;" -vshaltaishang AU chou. (dao....yangtaishang qu chou.). '-' •.......
••• " If- - -... ..." - - "'"
5.jlao: Aljlao.....ta....qu zhongguo jiaovsh~nme? B:dagal jiaovsiluof~kewen.....ba •
••• " 1" .•• v ,,- - r:,.
6.bu 11ao: tamen wet ~henme bu jiao nl quo jiao ta gu ne? ta you bu ~ul.,~ ..."... '- ,"".v .....,• v v "" "';"~Shuo
hAnyu. (bUJlul....zhongw~n.)
1 - -, ....
7-8: ?~hl_wO r~ng~ta banle zhe~jianvsh\. 8.tamen gongsi paivta"",qule
zhqngguo.
~60,2 zavls1e otazkYj otazka pr'fmajako druha veta souvet!
a!IIc.1-3: zB:'vls1eotazky
b!otazka prfma jako druha veta souvet!
... •.. - '" -I'" _ ..
a/l.wo~wen~ta q~levzhongguo me~you. ta~shuo hai.....m~l.....ne. 2.mama wen.....
", J" - ,.;
.....halz1men zU~le gongke.....mel""'you.
! ' I ~ 3 -I''''''b l.wo~wen""'ta xl~ngvbuvxlang qU",Zhongguo. ta....shuo na hal"",yongw~nvma?
..... vi 4 ..• I~ 1 J..... - '\2.ta_we?\...wozhe.....sh1.sh~1•..1er:.,d x n. wo....shuo nl....g~n.....rnayaovzh1dao, j ~du,J
- 4- ••.• v
~ma? 3.tavshuo zhe.....sht z~nme•..gao....d. wo.....shuo
vn'r'z'lj'r',z~nme"dao ...,'cnqlw'f,la1 le ne? var.v. _ '"'",....".."",-,shuo.zh~
nlJlngge.1 w~nJ"envnY....zlJr, z>tn1":e'....,deoW~>nqlvw~•....lal•.....1e,-",ne,wo.....
... ..zhe nl....yln"'galwenyen"""
If. •.•.. •..•• I
zhevsh1 z~n!Devgao""d ta.....
~60,3 (116.1-6) Po1met vyja1~e'nfveto~ nebo slovesnym vyrazem YD 2J5
- v " "I'" v, -"l.dan~ 11n~dao bu don~ yp.~~na ke jlanzhl shl xlaohuar. 2.~r.l.~hon~~uofan..., v '-\.;. '""'" -'. _
....... ,' / ,/ /
bUJon~ kualz ke bu riq1.~lnr. ).A:h.uyu can11a xuanju xln~ roa? B:....". •••..•.V '......... • .",-",
- {V ,. .a. 1 - ..•.-r, ....
d~ngran x ng-, keshl nl""buJlu•..Yl....cl Sh•.....Bhl. 4.kal..A~che bU.,;dal.,;
'-zhfzliao (bUfil Jl'8shl....-zh{Zh~O)I ke....hu).,;Youm€fan.
~60,4 Veta ucelova YD 2)6
jako druha veta souv~tfs
a/110.1-51 uvedena spojkaml /jlao/,/rang/ a dalsfml vyrazy obsahujfc(ml
tyto morfemy; funkce ucelovych spojek /jlao/,/rang/ se vyvlnula na
z6klade vazeb techto slov jako sloves s nasleduj1cfm "konexnfm" clenem,
srov. f 60,1 poznoII
b/IIc.6-71 je-l1 podmet obou vet souvet! stejny, ~celova veta
obsahuje slovo (prfslovce) /~o/ va vYzn, aby
c/110.12-151 uvedena vyrazy /mla~d/,/bu_rang/ aby ne
jako prvnf veta souvet!a
d/ uvedena vyrazem /we11e/ (II1e. 8~9)
e/ uvedena vyrazem /yao/,/yaoxlang/ aby (doslovas je-l1 treba. abYI
chceme-l1,abYI dvojslab. /yaoxlang/ muze stat 1 pred podmetem vety)
,(!Ie. 10-11)®' - I r..... ... - .... ... -r;:.... ...L.Oo_ r ....
a/l.women dU~""zuo....yl~d1anr . jlao""dajla (rang..,dajlahaojlaovdajla haorang~
""de. j1a) dou chI~o. 2.sanshfr wanshang I Hang ge guInu dou hu1 fumu zher• '-' ...,; • '""' ...I" "" • '"'" ...,
~al guo-nlan, h~orang (haojlao) 11~ng wei 'aoren bu jlmo. J.ta chu-chalv...r- v. "'"
- /1.... - /.., I / I'" - I"" ,.qu....Zhongguo mal1e~hen~uo zhus~n m~gu halsh~n halzh~..,shenme~d
- /oT" r " " (... rhv •••. r "'"
Zhongguo "lI ldor, rang..,tayiren jlao•...ta airen aOjlao\Jta.""airenhaorang .
" 3 .•. 1 •... ,. ••• / r 4
....ta..,a1ren)gel..,ta....zu~zh chi. 4.ta~ba....halz dou~aichuqu ....wanr, rang....ta~
.... ( 't" r,... If"" (';'... 4-.... I
.....airen jlao....ta..,airenwei.....d..,shirang..,ta....airen wel•..d..,shljiao..,ta..,alren)
Moh~o"d shul•..Yl~jlao.
b/~ta~Cong Zhongguo Sh!x!vhu~ai J maile
....zuo,ta zUl a1 chI d mUxurou. 2.ta xiang_ ."'" v...........,
hao za'odlanr hu{ jia jIe:.halz.
"" • """" v "-' c/l.t1anr
leng Ie, chuqu dUQ,chuan dlanr, mla~.d zhao-l1ang. 2.zai nar. •..... -- ."'" -- "" .
ma...•.i do-ngxl I ni zu' hao h"" b'"d' "'ih 13 1....d r: h....d'"•... ..,:~.., Z ao....ge....en~ren pe z ..,n• m an~ s ang- ~ng •
.•. , ..,' I / -- r". ".
(shou-pi~n.) J.taoJ~yao dou..,tai~dgaog~or~d. bu~rang h~lzlmen (bu....
....jlao halzlmen) gOuzhao. 4.ta~en gU.Y1bu oaodao quanbu shlsh{, bu rang
~ ~ hao
xie mu,er'huanghuar. hao.•.. . . ....,
- ",. ....-shenqlng z~o~d1anr""sha.ng-~n,
/
' - ~ ..,,,, ~ " " ""'- ,,,
d l.weile zhua...•.qian. ta~l~ovgan fan-fs..,d.....shl.r.2.wel1e xuehao""hany~
, ,. / -ta jlng zai jleshang I ~en ge zhong ren 11ao-t1anr •
• '" DJ""'" ""
I
- "'" - - - ........."
e l.yao"",zhldao sh~nghuo, jluvdel"",dao shenghuo~dangzhong"",qu, buran jlu~
~l~buchU shenme hao dongxL.la1. 2.yaox1ang bleren zunj1ng nt, j1u del•...... """ - ....., . ""
shouxlan I zljl zunjlng z1j1.. •....•
~60,4 pokrac. Slovo Ir~ngl v cele vet prac!chl at •••
l.rang~ta sh~§~ba, Shu~Chula1Ibi~bie"",zal~d~Z11r qlang.
chi~ba, n{ng Ch1~duoshao I Ch1"",duoshao. 3.rang"",tamen
2.rang~tamen
zheteng ba, ka.'n"",
. ""
" - - ~ha1""neng zheteng du~""jlU.
a/Il0.1-31 numeratlvy Icl/t/hufl
b/II~.4-51 numeratlv IXla(r)1 (casto tei provyjadren! urcite kratke
doby trvanf deje.)
all. wo ka.nle wU cl rsan aut vany1., (san guo zh1.), me'! c1 \dou vou xln d"",..",; • \J J;1~ "-"'" ~ '-' • v J \J
••... /' ".. ~ - ... ",,- I
vshouhuo. 2.Novy~jlng 1aile hao~ji_c:, nl douvbu~z~i. 3.Belj1ng
wo...,q~gos~n~cl,.,le, xi'an l zhl,.Augo Y{...,cl,h~\ ....xlang za.l"",quyl""cl""l1ang•.•
\
..., 1 "
...,C...,d,haohaor...,dk~n...,kan.
b/1.tavqlngqlng •.•d t~ng1e...,wO~Yi...,xl~r,r~ng •..wo blevchu-shfngr. 2.d~vY1~xlar,
'It r" ,,- "" y r: v •..••. I#'
du~ buq., gaosu ....laosh! WO....YOU.J.-l.J. nlvdu<]",ylv
xiar,(nl•....du~kal •....yl•.•xlar,)
/' , /r" .. r:"rang...,renjlagu~qu. *. nl ch~ngvYlvxlar (nl ch~ng •.•ylvchang nl~ch~ng •....
~" ......." <oJ""'; "" .;
",chang), xla.ndanr zenme yang. 5.nl gel ta jieshi yi xlar, rang ta bie...,• ~ "'" '-' ......, ""'" -'v
- ~ ..., r ... Y " •.
•....sheng-q~, bie""W¥hui. 6.n .....you hongb;...,rna?jie•.•wo y~ng...,yi""xiar.7.neiv
•....shuang d~, ni"'sh1yi •....xiar Zh~l""ShUang, keneng chabuduo.
~61tl pozn. Deikticka slova ve spojen! se slovesnymi numeratlvy ve
funkci urcen! casu. Numeratlvy ve spojen! s YD 239
a/llc.l-J, 8-101 cfslovkami radovyml
b/lIc.4-7: s jlnymi delktickyml slovy
c/lIc.ll-141 spojenf deiktlckych slov (vcetne c!slovek Tadovych) se
slovesnyml numerativy v postavenf privlastku
.... - '1- ",-, ~' , "" '-"
a/l.wO""Qiy! •....ci kan g~nben meivdon~, dl'~rvcl kan ca1vdongle"y1~d1anr.
d\s~nvci •.•k~n jlu...,Chahuduov1e. 2. tan gangq~n~d •....shihour I m~\ ...ge•.....zh{toUvd
mei yi xi~r I llliang (dou del yonp; d junyun •• '" v ..........., v 'v •
b/¥?zhei c'iI mei ka'ohao, j~ia vi c1 (xla c1) I ke....de'i haohaor zhunbe1...,. """ ""'" .J ...,J • .....,
3 •. I \ \. ! •... - "
•...zhunbel. 2. Shl2-ng,-,ci shivta zUl...,h~uvYivcldao....women...,jlavlal,ylhou "Z~1•..•
;'" ..., \ ... ...I - r {'... (...," / ....
•...ye....mel...,lal.J.m~l....c~ shang.,.lke ta""dou ch ""dl2'0'~nJal. lal...,Wlln.)
•.•. -- Iv -1laoshl xln11 hao •...bu....gaox.ng.
c/l.he...•lao..,huaj1a\ d1Y\",01",,1hulmlan I gel~ta
... .•. I -, "
tavpanwangzh ;ryuefen he....tavd1t~rvc1....d hU1m1an.
sh(zhong qlaodao dlsh{ter xlar._d sh1hour li~jia jiu ju-bel hUhe xrn!ll~l'l.. - "'" ..., . ....,
;' ./.... ~
llux1ale n~nwang..,dy~nx19ng •
/- v
2.chuXl~d ~nshang,
~61.2 (II~.1-5) Sneolflcke slovesne numeratlvy YO 240
1 -" -d'-:n "" 1 v"'''''' '"
l.tamen_J1a nelvtlao que-.e~gou y~ogo••..wo yl....kou. ye~yao~o nl....ma?
- -, ,-,.., "" -..... -2.wo gang yao shuo. ta dengle.~o yl yan. wo j1u mel~gan.~huo. J.te..........• "" ......• - "-'" '-" ---
",chu{le wo ji ~ua'n,hai tile wo 11a'ng '11ao. Jt. ta......l1aottldl Ii ji~ole._• '-" v \",II. v...,;J '-'..,yl",shengqrn
t~lvd. '~o,-,tIngleIzhCq 1 jrp1..,g~aa.5.wet t(.gongzl....d"'shlr.
r' ,. - ,. ,,- "" r / ""ta hal kule y1 chang. (ta hal kul~.yl b~z. ta hal roo b~z Ie. )"" .....-..., '" - ..." '-"' v • v
~61.4 pozn. Poradek postverb~ln!ch vetnich clenul sloveso - komplement
vldu - predm€t YD 242
a/lIc.11 nekdy v prfpadeo~kdY pred~et nen! vyjadren zajmenem
b/llc.21 je-ll predmet predm~tem lokat1vnfm
c/II~.J-51 je-ll komplement v1du vlozen mezl slozky objektoveho slovesa
v v I v -;I', - "'"
a/l.~o~gel~nl dago 11~ngvc1 dl~nhua, dou•...mel..,renjle. 2.ni•...gel•...ta
•••• q. "" /."" ••. 1t:1jl~shl•...yl....x1ar
zhe•.•dao~t1. 3.w0....mel....xiaoxln pengle-Y1....x1ar ta....d•...g~bel,
v ••.•/... •.. I 4 ,,jleguo
ta~el'-'yl....hua(r) jlu....gel peng~i ....le.
bIleta_q~go h{O..,jl..,O\zhongguo, zul""j'lnta•...y9uvyao-..;q~.2.wo•...shang~o
11ang oi Xlangsh~n. denggo y{ 01 Changch{ng... "" ......,
/
" ,,- I '" - - ",." I v..., "c 1.Mao Zedong jiego san~i hun. ~.wo mei ge vue 11 11ang 01 fa •......, . ~ .....,." """'" . """ ...,
, ,., , ,
J.wo_~n_n1an tang....Ylvcl~fa.tan~ d olshu tal duo Ie bU hao..•...•.",., "' • ......,,-....1
a/lIo.1-91 sloves jedno81ablcnych
b/IIc.lO-lll slovesa Ishll zkuslt v postavenl na koncl vetYI/ •••shlv
,-,,8h1.1 (tez I ••• shl",shi..,kEm./) zkus1t.•• .
c/II6.12-1): slovesa Ishll zkusl~ v postaven! pred j1nym sloveseml
Ishlvsh1 •••!(tez Ishlvshl~kan •••/) zkus1t •••
d/II6.14-18: sloves dvoJslab1cnfch
" '" ..• ...., ,/ - 1
a/l.n1_za1_zher%u~uo,~~~shang jiu~la1. 2.ta~xlan genvWo r~ng~rang.
y1h~u you..,ge\wo dao-qi~n, rZh~n~shi. (zh~n•...sh1 d.) ). rni k~n•...kan
(ni•...ch~,.,chOU)In1....g~nle.....xieshenrne' 4.ni.....sh1~Shl Zhe~shuangJle.
heshl f j1u ma't.. ...••
" - - ~ y-'. ... '\b/l.ni..,daga1fa-sh~o, 11angv11angvt~wensh;~sh~~b~.2.ni~qiuvqiu •...ta sh~..,
v 1 - ..• ~. I " ~ r. ",-,shi,yexu ta..,huibangzhu....ni. J.k~nzh rongyi zu~zh•...nan. n1~zu~~zuo
(n1 zuo zuo shl shl) I jiu zhldao na"nbu OlinIe•......,.......v V v ~ • .......,.
ell. rn1 Shl sh1 piping tat (n1 pIping PlPing ta sh1 sh:1.rn1 pining• \",of' ...., • ~ '-' • ~ .""" '" .' '"'""
- l" " " " " ...plping ta sh shi kan.) ta yaoshi bu xlang nl heofu, na cai gual nee....", ~...., '-' v. ....., ....,...". ...., ~ .•...
" 'f- ..... 'Iv r .....· ....)
2.ni..,sI11....8h1 wangvxia d~n"'yi~dun. wo..,kanzhe..,kuzyou_yi.....,dianrsh~u.(j~n.
"" "",; .... - I'" •.•
1/1.ta....you..,gexiao_yu~nz1r, x1ale""ban chang•...qu 1~o1ong~laodong, 1ul.....
- m, "" "'''' -... ,;~shenti dao.....shivyou haoehu. 2.tavhai nianq!ng, nln~lu y~nliang~
", .",..; "" vI ~ .....
....yuanliangvta ba. ).wo neng bu_neng l~odong laodong'-'nlqu~el~wo mal
./ "" '" "'-Vyrazy Izher/ (/zhel1/) zde, Inar/ (/nal1/) tamYD
244
al k osobnimu zajmenu
bl k podstatnemu nebo vlastnimu jmenu oznacujicimu osobu
a/l.bu neng zai ta nar qlngzhu, taJlar mei dlfangr. t'deizal wOzher •• ~ ....., v 'loJ • "oJ .....,.'-"
(dei....zat.....\'1~'-"zherqlngzhu.) 2.wo...)lde n{n""narlhaoXiang cybU_wo_yl....
••••• •••• v" v -- - ,,-1 ..•. "
.....benr (you_Yi_benr""wo~d)Bajin~d~Ji~, you-ren gen~wovjie, nln neng""bu~
•...•neng huan gel we? 3.wo:d n~i benr c(di~n I haoxlang zai taJlar, nl~,
.'"" "'" "'" """" . -- , 4 \ / - "" 3
~shang t~""nar~quwen""wen•• zher m~l""'you,dao~tamen_nar~qudatlng~datlng~a.
b/l.nr'__dao d~ifu,parvqu kan":"kan,ba~i~lng hU'cal""i~anyTang.2.CheY~OShl
• V' ':!. "'1 f k-i h- 3 - r: " v ~zal_wo_n~ er.....nar. wo.....me.v ar a ~c.e~qu. .che yaoshl zal wo nu'er~'-' •....• .
"'- t/ ":f 't""') 3 "" ..-.-nar,
(yaoshl zal_wo-.-nt:'er...•nar_d •...hua, wo:,j1u me1...•.far kal...,ch~Jlu...•.le,
j1U",de1 Z(O",dianr chufa. ~. ~m~1J1ar l!zh ...•.chezh~n ~l ...•.yUan, de1...•zuO
dlt1e, 11~me1J1ar l!zh",ohezhan trng ...•.jtn. 5.wo xlanzal I
, "" ,..... ,. I of- ••• ••• 6 zai_nah~z
...•.zher~e, guo...•.y~...•.ge...•xlaosh1 jlu ...•.qu~hang-k~. .guanyu
- .......• I "':l ~... '(';..,
Zhongguo,",manh~r nl •...zu1...•.hao dao•..•H~~lao_nar_qu dao.....Rua...•Junwv."dashl•...
vnar~qu) qrngjia~qrngji~o.
\ 6 "',. '" " YD 245~ 2,1-J zakladn~ matematlcke ukony
al sc!tan!' (/j1afaf-.)
bl odec!tanl (j 1anfal)
c/nasobenf (/chengfa~)
dl delen! (/chufal)
a/l.y1 b8:'1 j1a yl ral1 shi ~r.~ba1. 2.l1ang q1an jia l1~ng q1an sh1 s1..""'"• v v. ....".-- • '"" '""...., ~ .b/l.sh{wu
j1~n wU I shl sh{. 2.yl jlan yl shi l(ng.
• v • '"'. • """. '-"'.
I, "1 - (' , ""- ) - ". -c l.~r cheng•...s. shl ....~. er....s1 de_~. 2.san cheng....s~n
- "" v , "" •..• 1
vsan de j1u.) J.er ~heng wu~ . ~ .
(' , ,- "sh1 sh ter.(er liu yish1ter.)
'" . "'" .- - "'",. v
yiSh1~.) 6.j1~ cheng...•.ji~
cheng sh( I sh1;1\ 00.'1•....,. ..., v.
d/l.M bel 'er chU'rShl sl. (d;,s'L) 2.y1.;oa'1 ersh{bel san Ch~lsh1 s\sh{ •• v. '-". _. _ "'-" • "-,,,. ...,.
sh1 sh(. (er wU ylsh{.)
""'. '"" .S.san cheng li~ I sh1 sh(ba'.. ....,. "'" .
I sh1 b8:Sh1Y1.(j 1U' j lu bB:'shly1.)
'""' . "'" .
I sh1 jilr. (san ....... -
4' " '\.er cheng 11u..., .- .•.
(san l1u.....
~62, J C!Sla, slo~ena' Z vlce fadu (m kono1 s nulou (nulami» YD246
al jako samostatna o!'sla
bl jako o!'sla s pr1pojenym1 merovym1slovy
a/l.A:wo....e;ei_nr r~r ....ba€wlf, (ervba~wtr'shf, rnebo: ~rvbaf>~sh(,) g~u..,bu....
....gou? B:x(ng....le, g~u•...le. (x(ng..)e x(ng,-,le, gOu..Je gQuJe.) [varlanty
c{sel: r::sanqlan wu, (san qian wUbSi,) rbB•.. wartt;qr.,{bB •. ~wa~qr.• •.•••• • • v '-' • _ _
-) - r'i) r - ~ { - Al - r.tl
",qi::n, -qi •....qial"l san.",bai s~sh, (i1ebo:san bax-s)shi,) qi Qia1¥"
. '"'. ....."
r1(ng s\shf, (nebo: lIng s1shi.) - q1"",qianl' l{ng....s~ ]
v. r' ..... .., /. '"b/l.A:wo~gel-.-n ervbai"'~shi ...•.kel~ng, gou.•...bu~ou? B:xlng~le. gou~le.
(x(ng ...•.le"'xlng,,;le, gcn~...•.le~~u..Je.) [yarianty C'lsel: san..•.qian wf....
•..ba.1 keltng, - ba.",wanqL"q1an...,kelang, _ •.
...kelang, - qI .....q1a.n If'ng S\sh1 •...kelang,
ql.."..q1ansan.....ba.i s)Shi •...
.,
qI...,qLin lfng st.~kelang, J
~62,4 Nektere zV1astnost1 vyja.drovanf' else1 YD241
al vyjadrovanf else1 10-19 samosta.tne (ex.1-2) a na konc1 efse1 slo~enych
(ex .la-2a) ".. ""....".. - 1 t'
bl u merovych jednotek (oznacen{ c£selnY~h rad~)~/ball sto~ (qian ~ LsCe,/wanl
deset tisic a Iyll sto m11iond, ma-1l byt vyjadreno~ ze
jde ° jedno sto, jeden t1s1c atd., cf'slovka ly11 jeden - krome
n~kterfoh ustrnulfch vyraz~ - musl bft vzdy vyjad~ena ,
01 nejvyssf cfselny rad, vyja.drenY v c{nstine jedn:fm' (jednoslablcnym) _4
slovem,je ly't.l sto m1l10'nul Iyf yl/ sto m1l1onu, ISh(,r'i! m1l1arda(1U")
"'... " (ota) .,
Iy{~wanvyi/ bilton 1
•.. If'
a/l.sh{ kelang gou bu gou? 2.blxu zhunbe1hao sh{j1u tao kef~ng. la •• \J' ...., "" • ""'"
1 .•....:::'1 - •• If': 2 "\ - "-0# V - "" ••..•
y...,~ Ytshi~elang gou~bu~gou? a.b1xu zhunbel yiv
bal Yishij1~ •...fenr
kefan.
b/l.A:1{i du~shao""ren? B:fJ.ai""yt...ba\_r~. (y1.....00i"'ren, ry\...,~L) 2.ta •....
"",yaokai .....f~ngu~nr. dingle yl ....ql~n •...shuang kualz. J.ta •....zhu~nle yfvwan.."..
- , / """ ., 2,...., '"'
__duo.....kuat •..qlan, chengle wanyuanh~. 4.zhaole •....yi .....chang da.....huc;, sunshi
you y{ vl kel&ng.
'" .~'-'
c/1.Zhongguo •....yoU shfJl""duO re'nkou, xianza1 sh'l""bu.....sh1 y'1'jlng
v
you sh{yf .....
voy1",le..,ne? 2.Atnl .....zhldao I r:nt'I'ly(g~ng......Yov r 1u~shao...,x'1baov!!la?
ldu~shao .....ge x)bao"ma?) B:d~g~l ~shl.."..wan~Y1 ZUQyou.(yOU•...bishl .....w~nvy)
zuoyou. )
~62,6 VYjadrovan! dat a letopoctu YD248
·1 -...... /.' ".. J "" { y"
l.ta •....shl yl jiu er l1ng nlan wuyue y hao sheng d, nl shl shemne"",v ..." '-'. V "" .'"' . ....,_.....,
...,shlhour sheng d ne? 2. Ge" erbaqiaofu I j lang yu j 1nnlan wuyue sh i wU'-''''' • v"'.
zhl shi~Ji I fangwen Zhongguo. (Ge'erba'qlaof~ I yao""zai ,finnlan 1
"'" " .., I f - I - " "-'.... - ..
wuYUe_Sh1~,,-,hao dao""sh ~vhao dao~Zhongguo•...lai fangwen.) J.~u~Yu~n
Zhongguo".z~o. qr d da shlren I yUe shengyu gongyUan qla"n s;;n...-hal
" 4"" I y' J. - X -" I r, " "s;shl .....ntan. .H~nchao qlsh~yu gongyuan~qian er.....bai~11ng li~ •....nian.
~ - " \. v ••• "",,""'" _ ••••
Zhl gongyuan er bat ershl nian. (er lIng l1u nian, zhi gongyuan e~."""" v"'. \"J \.0<'" v.......... "- _
Pro emfat1cke zduraznen! re1at1vne velke~o poctu se pred neuro1tou
e{slovku /jI/ po1oz! /hao/ (zde jako de1kt1eke slovo.) PT!zvuk se pr1tom
nejcastej1 pfenasf na merove slovo, jef nas1eduje po o!slovce /jr/
(numerat1v /se/ pr1tom nabyva puvodn!~. ton I /hao~j1~ge •••/ rada •••,
velm1 mnoho •••
J
1.t-romen
~ 3.... ..ren~le. la.womenvy~j1ng j1e_ge11evtamen
1 '" - '" .,.
tamen h~ivshuo me1~youvren~e?
b6) .Vazbt se ~mennfm clen~~ zrete10vl vymezovac{m (tzv. substant1vem
trvale pr!slusnost11 (IIc. 1-6) YD 250
v' \, v / "I •...... ~ / .... ,
l.tavzu~ taivd~~le, yan LlnvDa1yv kevbu~esh~. 2.ta_p1q1 t~l~da,
\, '''' - ~' •.. '/
dong bu dong jlu ma ren. 3.Atta_~shent1 t~ng j1ankang d, zenme._hu111• ""v ,",WI - v- """" - ......,
\,.... - ..• 11 I' ••.• ...."
•...x1~z jluvs~~e....r~?Bttavshent1 j1ankang q~shi zh~•...sh1 b1aoml~nshang~d.
I!LI - - ~ •• I " \. - ... l\."" - - ~ •• I
~.Fe1zhou Mal1ren gezvda, K&mailongren gez xiao. (Fe1zhou ~~liren, .. ..,. .
gez gao, Kama1longren I g~Z a1.) 5.ta zur b~ ha&V1 x1n hao........ . v. . "" .
~64,1Zdvojovan! jmen
YD 251
a/lIc.11 podstatneho jmena /ren/t /ren ren/ vs1chn1 I1de, vslchn1
b/II~.2-51 mlrovych slov, zrfdka podst. jmen~(casto s er1zacf opakovsne
jednotky) ve funkc1 urcen! casu, nekdy tez urcenf mfsta
a/I.zhe:sh1 r(n•..ren doU....zhrdao,...d m\m1. 2 •ta~za1 d1anshll1U) yao..,ta1t"d1
snir~n ren dou guan-xIn d zhufang w~nt1."""""....... ......• "'-'" . "'"
b/l.n1fnv
n1an xla.t1an I ta•...dou•...qu halb1anr. 2.t1an •...t1an(r,vta..;iOuyh1
tian y1 1iang j1u g~la1, t1an y1 he1 jiu shang chu~ng. ).zui j~n- '-"'........ ....,. """ v ~
\, '... -" It -f ....,,, 4 1 - I "
ta•...yevy~ bUvhu1•..jia, bU~h1dao ta~zal..,n~rguo...,ye. .tamen•...j1a yu~~
vyu~(r) gongzl , douvbt~~u hua. 5.z,hengYUe~sh!w1!I za1•...ZhOngguolj1~v
- - *' - '"' - - " v
,.,j1a(r)cht •...yuanxiao. d1an huadeng. 6.zh~.fievsheng
, ;"
wanyuanhu (r)•
cun cun dou youle.'"'" ...
~6.4,2 Ztivojovan!adjektlv.!..-zpr.~ pr{ponou /d/ YD 252
7.~vo.1ovanfjednoslab1cnYch adjekt1v
a/IIe .1-JI ve funkc1 ~r'(slovetneho ur~enf zp~sobu (u nekterych zdvojenych
adjekt1v je prfpona /d/ fakultativnf)
b/IIc.4-71 ve funke1 pflvlastku
cl ve funkcl komplementu stupne
Zdvojovan{ dvojslabl~nich adJektlv
d/llc.8-101 ve funkci prrslove~neho ur~en! zp~sobu
e/llc.13-141 ve funkcl pr{vlastku
f/llc.11-121 ve funkci prlsudku (Vlz i ~64,2 pokr.) nebo komplementu
stupne (prfpona /d/ je nekdy fakultatlvnf)
zdvojena adjektiva v z~~9~
g/ zdvojena adjektiva se mohou pojit i se zaporkou /bu/
Pozn. Pri zdvojovanf dvojslabicnych adjektiv se hovorove v prrpad~ nekterych
adjektiv pri zmene tonu poslednf slabiky na,yrvy ton stejne men!
i predposlednl slabika, napr. vedle /laolaosh1shl'/,/liolaosh{shI/se hovorov~
take vyslovuje /laolaoshIshI/lvyslovnost slabiky /lao/ zde tef
kollsa); vedle /qIngqingchuch~/./qingqingchuchu/ hovorov~_tez_
/qingqinchuchu(; vedle /ganganjlngjlng/ hove tez~gan~njingjlng/; vedle/tongtongkuaiku~i/
te~ /t~ngtongkuaikuai/ a nekter~ jin~. (V nasich
ex. v t~chto prlpadech pro jednotnost uvadfme vsude hovorove varianty.)
/rs .... - - v- - lV' 3 v- a
l.ni~yao haohaor g~ngzuo, haohaor zuanyan:y~wu,(nlwYao haohaor~d g~ngzuo,
v - - (~, •••. dJ " .; - ••
haohaor d zuanyarr~y~Wut) zuochu-chengji~lai. 2.zhe....,haiztoule renjla~dv
- "J r:"" - v - ...., " .;
vdongxi, ta baba be ta haohaor (haoh~or d) dale yi dun. 3.zanmen nu'W " •• _""" '-'.......,; ~
•.......... - '1""- ..,,- V' ••••• Jr "meim~iV'd~hivta~yi~dun
kaoya. u.ta~zaoz~orvd jiu.....zou~e, w~~e bu~hidao
rtavsh~mgV'n~r le. (tavq'U,.p~r,",le.)~.ta~d",l1ang •....ZhiJan Zh{Zh[~d ch~uzh
•• -" v'; -" I....; qianbianr,
bu zhi zai xiang shenme. 6.xinnian d shlhour tamen zuzur d• v ...•.. · V'v • ...,
dalevliangvti~n majiang. 7.ta~ti~ntian~d 1ufvwo xi~ole.....Xiao. qIngqIng""d
shuole yi sheng I nf hao.- ~ . ~ .v '" C"
b/ta~haole~yi .....panr lal~.....d (lalar d) slchuan c~i. zhen lasi Ie. 2.t~ vou_.-" ~ . ......, '-""
/' v""'" •••••. - ~" ••.••• ....." v
"yi .....tiao xiaoxiao"d da!'lshif';ichang....ke 'ai"d xlaogour. 3.ta•..mal1e
, , 'I"."..... I ..• ", v
h~uhoU d yi tao shang xia li1j!ng""benr"",djlshu,pldian.
/
.". ......,; '- - ,,'-' '" - ......;,/
C 1.xiao,-Huz zuo""g~ngke""netzhenP;xie.....,dhaoh~or d, reiganvTTlaqu mafan•....ta?
,4 v' Ir -2.nei ke xlaoshur y ji.nEtzhang d g9.09;~odJe.
""'v " /' __
d/l.ta"zhl laolaoshish! .....d g~ngzuo, hv~guan bie~d. 2. wo•..qingqingChuch~(r) .....
- 11' " - , " "" 0/
,,1 t1ngjianle ta shi zheme"shuo d. 3.kuai dao shengdanjl~•....le, wO,-,dei
...,- ,/ v VI' - - - ',/
haoh~or~d d.~s9.ojasao, hao•..5anganjingjlrJg(r).....d guo-jle.
/
f J. ••• " - @" " ••...1
e l.ta~shi...yf.....ge d1dld~odao.....d sh~ngren. "'7.ozai"n~i.....zhong shehuill
- '" .....- I or?gonggong2hen~zheng .....d.....f~guan you•..J.~e.
f/l.ta he d yur.yunhuhu(r) dIe, bU neng rang4ta Yl ge ren hu{ jia. 2.'-'" '-'" . '-............" ~....." "-" '-'
? - 3 - I •..• v {"" V' ••..•
.•wuzill~d .....d()ngxi dOu.....b.<::ti....d zh.engzhengqq~.....d, kanshangqu hen....y,:zhi.
g/l.ta bing Ie•... .."
~.zhel ge ren..." •...
I shl....yInwel ta.."laobu_haohaor""dChUan""y!fu.Zha'ole.."l1(ng.
,,- --" " --shuo....hua kengkengjljl, c~nglal bu....tongtongkualkua1r....d
shuo. 3.n1....b1{....you kengkengjljl....d. yao~Shu~ j1u....haohaor~shu~. b~....ShUO
j1u b1e kengj1.•... ....•
rozdll mezl nezdvojenyml a zdvojenyml adjektlvy:
v ech svych funkclch jsou expreslvnejsl YD 25J
" "" - " r.' --Il.zhe_gevren henvt~ngkual. shu~....shenme zu~....shenme. la. zhe...ge""ren
tongtongkualkua.lr, (zhe._g~.ren 8hl~ge tongtongkualkualr d ren,) shuo"""- _..., • wi......" •
....shenmeZUQ shenme ••....
2.rtlanrIrng....1E:', (tlanql l~ng,-le,)'Chuqu
(chuqu ylnggal chuanvn~nhuo __dlanr~)
ylnggal chuan~d nuanhuo dianr~. •...
2a:t1anr l~ngJ.e){tlanq1l~ng....le,)
"...gel...chuan....d
5.xiaorenr
•..•. --ylnggal chuan....d nuannuanhuohu~r....d.
" ./" '" :1 ""'''... "./,/--
3.zhe~e ...ren g~u h~tu, gen....ta bu....haovban~shir. 3a.zhe....ge""renhUhutut~,
" ,,b~~eng
tal....xlangxin""ta.
4.hao dongxl ylnggal zhenxl.~ .,/ ,
bu cheng yangz Ie..,J ••• __
v -, If 0/ v ,/
laovshuo d~renhua. 5a.xlaoxlao....d renr
V' WI
ye zhidao.v
YD 254
~64,2 pozn. Zdvojenl adjektlv jako celku (nlkoliv po slabikach) oznacuje
clnnostl. je~ maj! pflvodit stav}vyjidfeny adjekt.1vem (IIc. 1-2)
- "" '" "'" ./ l
l.tqullt~lvrevle, zanmen deo...walmian 1inzl1r...qu 11angkual~11an~kuai.
2.nln....kual....jlnlal n~nhuo ....nuanhuo....ba. J.ha1z1men dou__zhan~n~...le. dou....
....cheng jla 1\ ye Ie, zuo~f~mu d I jiu keY1 qlngsong qin~son~ Ie. 4 •...., •.•••.•• ....., • o,J ...." • - . ......, - .•......•
chlwan wUfan 1 ylngga1 chuqu l1uda 11uda xlaohua xlaohua shlr.v • ~ v
~64,3 Zdvojovan( sloves
a/II~.1-3: jednoslab1~nych
b/II~.4-5: dvojslab1~nych
talj lquan I
•
zuo zuo shi.v •
tulxiqJe)' ta"",laorenjlaI me1....tian zaoshang I da...d"l
" ",/ -" .... " ..•..
sanvsan b~, ba1~tlan za1,-,j1a11hua~hua....hu~r kan....kan ~o
huozhe xl{....xlevhu{yil~~Shenme ....d, you~sh(hour ye~hul~hu1
....,,, r" r' - (-"') '" "
laoYEZngyou. ban yue~sh~vtl':nJi (sh tlan beinyu~"'d halJlu kanjcan .
,-,xlI tIng ting yInyue. yi b8:n d ~nshanglzaozaor jiu.;;hang chuang~. ....." . '-" '-' . ....,
"",shu'ljia.o. 2.ta mei tian bBngzhu laolao laoye I mtl me.l d~gxl I d~ao ...•...... ....,
t' - :l
....,dasao~z shenme•...d.
/
' , 13 - '''''' - 3
b l.zh~....,ge....,wentlwomen •...del sh~ngliang shangllangJguovliang tian women .
•...gei....,ninhulda. 2•ni bi{ cul~wo, rang~wo k~olu....,kaolu.J•.ni xian d~ting..,
3 •••• ' r...., . - v" ""( ••••• -1/ "")
....dating nar....,~i.sheng.....d xia.....pao....tu;r. nebol sh~ng....,dxia~pao .....tu~r ••
- 3.... '" - •.•••...
4.ta .....bangle....,womenbu....,shao....,~ng,yinggai~zenme g~nxie~ganxie....,ta.5.AI
tavtl....,womenchule....,bu,.•.sha'o....,l),yInggai z{nme ganxie....,garlxie~ta....ne? BI
nl ge"t ta hue. zhang hu~r ba, w6 xlang ta Yfding huilt
gaoxlng •....,/ '-" """ v. """" '-"'. v
!.6 •• v ••
~ 4,4 Zdvojeny numerativ nebo merova jednotka ve
a/llc.1-4,6-8,lO-121 v postavenl prlvlastku pred
b/llc.5.9: v postavenl pred slovesem; zdvojenemu
chazl podstatne jmeno s prfvlastkem zakoncenym
vfznamu I kazdy
YD 256
podstatnym jmenem
mer. slovu zpr. predprlponou
/d/
Pozn. Uvedene vazby (zejmena ex.b/) jsou emfatlct~j~f nez vazbysdeiktickym
slovem/mel/"kazdy~ s uvedenyml merovymi slovy
" -, 1'1 •••• - ..•
a/l.g~vge danwei dou...,Youbu....,tong.....d ti~ojlan. 2.jlali....,dji~nvjian....,
~sh\(r) I dou ~el tatdong-shou, rme'lren b8:ng ta.(me't ren 'b8:ng.ta..mang.)~ .v '-".-..J __
J.tlio tlao d?il~ I tong Luoma. 4.ni3
..ft j~vjU hU~ I douyhtJoGtaole wo:d
x1nkrnrshang. 5.confl;"'zhengyuechuyl dao....,chuw1lI jl~.)la(r) puz \ dou .
- •• 6""'" , "'\ '" '"
vguan....,m~nr. .yan....,halyl....,dal....,dzhu~ng zhuang xlaolour dou~ou yangt~l.
" -/ I ' "''' - ... '11
?pi~n ....plan senlln dou.....shoule chongh~i. 8.xi~ng....,xlanglalhuo dou....,
." ....I 1 •.•• -
9.pl~pl lalhuo dou ....shl w~men ....danwel....,yao....jlngguo hSlgUan....,djlanch~.
- .... - "jie. lO.di....,di1~1. di....,dlxu~.
" ..., -...., .... , v.... I yob!l.jl..dao
guowal..d baoguo jian jian dou del dakal rang halguan_ _ • v ...,;...., ....I •
." 1.. " 1 " ....
jianch~. 2.ta~d xuesheng g;~e(r) dou~lai xiang....,ta....zh~he. J.j!nnian ....
Y .••. 1 - ....,,/ ,1~ 1vd
llZishu k~~ke(r)vdou zhangle~chongr. 4.zh~.....Yl~plplngguo ku~ng~
- ·1 /' 1\"" V"....,kuangdou....,sh1y~vy~ngr....,dgervda shair~hong.
~64,5 Zdvojovanl vlrazu tvorenych spojenlm clsloVky s merovfm slovem
(nebo i slo~it€j§fch 6fslovkovych vyrazu) ve funkci YD 251
a/II~.1-61 pffslovecneho urcenl zpusobu pred slovesem
b/II~.?-ll, prlvlastku pred podstatnym jmenem
J - .•.. ..• .•• ....
a/l.nimen lyf~e~Y{vgevd (nebOI Y{vg~~i~gevd) jlnqu, b1ivj~. 2.ba~hev
-I •...... v v -... .... 1
vxievshu wUvbenrv1iu~benr~ddacheng~baoguo j;vSei~ta. 3.bavmian
v'" v'" ,. \(V 1 -\'liangvku~irvliangvkua1rvd
he~zai-Ylq gan. 4.tamen~ia Ylvxi~ngv
",Yi",Xiangy he•....ku~ngquanshUr, g~nben bU""hez'lla1shul(r). 5. ta Y)vhangv
vyi h.{ngd k~n, y'lha;,gy1 ha'ngd ga'L 6.ta 00 la"1xln \ryf ge z1r y( .
'-" -. .'""'" -' '-" '-'. '-" .'*'"' """""
vge zfr d (y{ z1 y( zilt,d)I ni~n ge(-'wotinge..,/ v ·v ....,..., ..- .
b/i5.>tamaHe y1.t1ao yl t1ao d I g~ zhonp;va'nsed lr'ngd'at.2.yua'nzil'fI-' 4-' ......,/ v 'oJ - J • '-""
r :'... (.... r ( " ,,-... I r
Y:vgevy vP,e (y~~evge y.vgevger) shangzhvba1~qi",d j1~zlshang dou~
..• 2. •.. ;:...... - " -" •••.• I - i ..•
vj1azhv
yivge (dou~iazh""ee) l~shair~d huapenr. huap~nrl1 kalzh y;~
V' '\ '>.... oj - - -" -.... ..vduor""Yl~duorvd
(Ylvduor,-,,1u~rd) xlanhu~r. ).50ng.vuanrl1~1ga~alal~r
dOU~YOU ryfvdu\r~Y{vdt:lrvd'l(nl!':ren(1U)-,:'\Uiv.f("~1~)zal~tan-q(n~ •....
- ..• ..• (" - .•..••. - <J) •.. - I
vshuo-~1. 4.y[v11e""Y lie zhuang""rnanJunhuo~d~lleche k~l~~ng
" \r ( -I'. ( •..
qianxi~n. 5.dahuo ba~Yl~lanvv ""plan""csenl.n (bA""y.~plan~~~an
senl(n) I dou ShaO!2;u:;n~J-e.6.re~d \ ta"'y(~l\....y(.i\.,d hanzhUz I zh{
'- ..•.
wang~xla,"",dlao.
/ -/ ( ....~ / /1 /"Slovo duo tez S~ vyslovu~e duo) jgkp otazkove
prfslovce v postavenf pfea adjektivy ve vf1.~. ",u1(? YD 258
- ( ....- I ;'". ,,;',..... '" "
l.A:Ba.l.,dajie duo•..c"'an~? 31mel "uo ChAl'lll;.(but:er.:':lE" ch"'n~.) 2.AI__ _ • _ "'" • .~ ...., e.
w~men""nar,,-,djiaju I he'n.....gu1.. .911u<f"...gul?A: b(..nriJI"l'lJher~di gu1.'-"'V(•.....
-./b~i.(gui~l1a"ng,"",bi1.)).AI w~ngzr-,liegong I 1(",3'Uh.ge du{yu"tn? BI
/' " ~ 'J '> - y ...• ", •..
~el duo yuan, ye jlu sh1 sls~1 lAt 50ngl~. 4.nl kBn, ta ~~O hURl. z11Y• "'"'" """" v '-" ." -'...... _-' • v
.... -" 2. ...• ;' ....
zuobuchu1ai haf,-"bu",rangbl~ren~zuo.
-----Dal§i exempl. k ~1,21 Ob ektov~ slovesa nejb~inejs! zpusoby
vZE\jemnehoodde1en! (diskontinu1ty slovesne a jmennE!"sll)(~Y
Slovesna slozka mu:(eprib!ratl
a/ vtdo-casove gramat1cke pf!pony, l1ejcaste.11/le/,/fT,o/,srov. "!x•.:'.
1.6,9-11,18-9,2)-4,26 (11~.1-5,9-1),15-17)
b! komp1ement ~asul srov. ex.5.2,19.26 (116.9-12); tento kOIDo1ement
se take mrlzepomoc! gram. pr!pony /d/ spojit se jmennou siozkou,
srov. ~x.~,8,24
cl komplement vidu vyjadreny spojenfm 6!slovky se slovesnym numeratlve~,
srov. ex.c.5,l) (IIc.16-17). nebo zdvojenfm slovesa, srov.ex.c.14
d/ vyraz /-bu11~o/, vytvarej!c! zapornou potenc1alni formu, srov.
ex.5.6,15-6 (116.6, 14)
nektere modlfikatory, napr. Iwan/. srov. ex.c.10,I?
neprfmi predmet vyjadreny zajmenem. srov. ex.c.2 (tento pred~et z1e
v~ak lze povazovat 1 za blizs! urcenl jmenne slozky)
objektove sloveso zustava kontlnultnf. slovesna slo~ka se op~~uje
s prlpojenym nepravym modiflkatorem, srov. ~x.e.?l 9 Dflpojenf.~
predm~tem, srov. ex.c.B. apod.
jmenna slozka mute prlblratl
hi bllts! urcen!, srOVi ex.c.4.9,11-12,17,?l,?5 (IIe.13,15,lA), to~o
bllzs! urcen! mute byt zakonceno 1 pr!ponou Id/, ~rov. eX.~.3,14,
20,22 (IIc.7-8)
poznamka. Slozky objektovych sloves nelze roz1~lov9t 11bovolne, nekter~
objektova slovesa mohou bit rozd~lp.napouze vlo~en(~ Vl10-~q~ove p~{pony
Ile/. jlna 1 jlnyml zptlSObYIcasto zale!! 1 n9 zvykl~steeh ~luv~reh,
jez se nemus! vzdy zcela kryt.
I ....- Y - I' '-" ,- ; .."
ba-gong l l.g~ngrenmen bale li~ng~ge~yuevd gong, jl~~uo zenme~
,
,-"yang"",ne?
lbing-mangY, 2.renjia b8ngle~nl bQn~tl~n_~ng, nl_zen~e hOl~minyuan~
"",renj1aJle?
jiu shl Ie•..." ....,/
1
,/ '-"Y 4 /" '--" /' '-" V' ",,, .....,
bao-xian I .Alnln~yaovbao sh~nme~lan"",ne? Bloao~rensh~uvxian.
Ichu-chal~l 5.jlnnlan I ta..."cnuleq(m:"'jlUcl chait ta.f1.gonu;zuo
.'-" '-" - vshi
t~ d xiajl 1 tl ta zu~.- v. v
- 'I/'- '. - '-'.... v - - I ....
Ichu-jia/l Ijle-hun/l 6.ta pa chubuliao jia. jiu mamahuhu d gen,zheme~••....• ........• "-" '-" -
"1ou~
-- ..- -vge~ren jielevhun.
- 'I - '" I '. Y ,,'-' r - '.Ichu-yuanYl 7.yinggai ba~b~ng chedl~zhlh~o, cnu-yuan
(
-v 'I If ..• ')
chu zao~e yuan) du1 n1 bu 1~•....", • 'oJ '-" '-".
'-'
chu zaole~ .
",.. ,-,I.,. ./ V' ./ \".;' .•••• ') v .......,
Ida-~u/: 8.ni hai xian~ gen ren da shenme ~u. shang Cl n1 gen ren da-~u_ ••••.•••. ~ -........ •••.•••••••.••• • '-' 'oJ __
~ ---,-,xiangshu~shenme?
.... I - ..- .... 'tJ 'Ifan-faYl
9.ta~zhevgevren bU~Zhidao yljlngvfanle iU§Shao~fa~e, ke~hi
./ " ,/ ...•. ..•.. /.....;'" ......,
sh~nnevshlr dou..."mel..."You,dagal~shl qua~davyu:f~~1
Ira-ya'nJ;:10.1eng,-,taJa~.,anley{n I wo'fnen",Jiuye"Ylt(w~n.
~ '- '. II 1 ..•. r v '- -" "~guo-fen/:
11.ta.....,shiweile n.",hao,~ua sUlran~shuo",dguole~i~nr"",f~n,
'-' - ....
n1vye~bu~yinggai zaihu.
...•
sac ne 11
."'" '
" '\ -'/jl~n-mlan/' 1).women
, J. " 3 r:'" __ ....
j1~ngo j1~cl~m1an, keshl congla1 mel~tango~hu~.
". --.... )(neho, conglal me1 tango hua.• •.••. v
/jl.e-ChanV, 14.A,ge'1.....nl.....d1anr' sh~me'"'chl I neng...)lt'..)lenl:dyh{nye?
:2- "" " - •.• __
B,gel wo lal yl planr xlongya1l. changz 00.
.. '-'" v '-" '-"'. '-'
v 'I -- I .........,,,,.... ", 2.'
/jle-p.Y, 15.Chl~t~ng you .....jlebullao shen~e .....e, nl~alsh1 gel....,wo11ang .....
.•.. -
....,pianrrnlan~o~ba.
/jl.r-k'e~,16.he q'lShur'rI jlebul1a'o kEf,he p1jiU chabuduo ,e.. '-"......... ~
/ ". ", V ", h"" ". Ik ~ ....".....,
l1u-she1'1, 17.n1.....11u~lanr'"'s en, zh~~ge.....ren e....,sh~.....ge xlaom1anh~.
/P(1-1ulY, 18.P;lle y( .....sh~ngwuvd .....dul I ca1.....ma1riaole zhe..J.la'ngvZhan&.,;P1ao,
hKo bu r~~~yi yal
'-'" "-"'. '- v
"'" '-" " /." y ",
/~ha1'1g-xue7119.ta.....xlqo~ri.....shlhour j1al1.....qlong, m~l~shanggo j~.....nlan~ue.
/ she,.,g-q 1Y, 2().1'1l....,zhi'n....,sha,Zh( ...•.bu ",zh1:'degen zhel zhong ren Sheng p~mev
.....14 1 ql ne? ql da shang shen nat'"' '-" ""'" \J ~'-"'.
/su(-b1anY, 21.nfmen yu~nYl lit zal zh~r tlao-~ I kan l~xi~ng\ ha1shl..., ""'" '-" '-" ..'- {"", /..... ( .•..
xia q riamajlang shenme d, jiu su nimen bian 'e.v "- • -""" v ,-"".....,,/ v
'" 'I 3" 'I -....., 3 .... " '/tou-piaoY,
22.women tou ta d plao ta dangxuan, women bu tou ta 1.pieo.'""'" '""" '" '"""" -""'" """"" ""-'
ta Zh'8.o.yangr nangxuan, gur zh11ao zenme hul shlr.'-'.-- \oJ- "'-' '-"""
" "I .•.. ". ...., (-..- ..• v ..•
/fang-xueY, 2J.fangle"",xue, jlu.....mashang hu .....jl~, ~rvye bu xuvqu.
~/X1U-jl~1, 24. dongtlan I ta1~alvshinshangJxlule l1a'ng"'gel'f'lial.....<'t jl"a,
xl'9.tlanI z!\l.r,.dao h81blanr qulXlu ta l1a'ng ge 1~b81.v,-", .'" v ...,,,,,,,,
/
" I'll ".". {" v 6" v_
zh8.o-j~" 25.nl....,zMoshenme .....J , hal...,z~o•...•ne. 2 .wel1••, zMo~ta,wo....,
"'.... ("" "'"....,zhaoleb8n~tlan~j •• jleguo renjla zal....,zhershul~jl~o .....net