W&cZCDt*—S Tne First Date
Zx   p5 U
a
o  g  u e
Mary goes downtown.
©
H J In the evening, at Mary's host family's house.
/TV -/T'J-
/T'J -
/r h
TVs0- r IZ ± L/co  Jiv\ ^^^(f-t-tc
IJ On the phone.
Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonald's? Stranger: It is in front of that department store. Mary: Thank you.
Mary: I'm home.
Host father: Welcome home. How was the movie? Mary: I didn't see it. Takeshi didn't come. Host father: Oh, why?
Mary: I don't know. So, I went to a bookstore and a temple alone. Host father: Were there a lot of people?
Mary: Yes. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store.
Here's a souvenir for you. Host father: Thank you.
Host mother: Oh, Mary, you had a phone call a little while ago.
Takeshi: This is Kimura.
Mary: Hello, is this Takeshi? This is Mary. Takeshi, you didn't come today, did you? Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Haagen-Dazs place. Mary: Not Haagen-Dazs. McDonald's! Takeshi: McDonald's . . . I'm sorry!
m
pp
V   o   cab   u   T   a   r y
Nouns
Activities
T/WnM b part-time job
v \ t> K shopping
9 y7s class
People and Things
& & you
v & dog
* tp^-^if ioi^. souvenir Z    & W child C'iiX #pfR rice; meal
* l-^l^ picture; photograph "5 < X. #1 desk
-C letter
ft! <IS cat
/<> bread
* I/- £ A person
Places
* t^tb &temple CI *) X. A, £-11 park ;^__/N°~_ supermarket
* — r- department store / <X "C / < Xj^ bus stop t/l^^ hospital
# T /l> hotel
* 11 A,^-M bookstore
Bj town; city
|/X |>7> restaurant
Time
% CD 7 ^ 0 yesterday
* $ o ^ a little while ago
* ~^Fb1 hour
cf. V^IT^^ — Hffal one hour
* Words that appear in the dialogue
It 4 IM
	it A, I *p i		last week
			when . . . ; at the time of . . .
			(~«)
	If o X i V		Monday
	frXi V		Tuesday
			Wednesday
	t < X i V		Thursday
	$ A,X iXf		Friday
u	-verbs		
	hi		to meet; to see (a person)
			(person I-)
*	hh		there is . . . (~#f)
			to buy     (~ £)
		#<	to write     (person I ~ thing £)
*			to take (pictures)     (~ £)
*			to wait     (~ £)
*			to understand (~=6i)
R	u - v e r b		
*			(a person) is in ... ; stays at . . .
			(place lz)
Adverbs		and Oth	er Expressions
			about (approximate measurement)
*			I'm sorry.
*			so; therefore
*	tz < *L		many; a lot
			together with (a person)
*			why
*		-At	alone
*	uu		Hello? (used on the phone)
L	o < a t i o n	Words	
			right (~«)
			left (~^0)
*		It	front (—CO)
	1 I h		back (~«D)
	tit*		inside (~«0)
	1 X.		on
Ltc T under (~<?))
near
ft next $>y.*tz W between     (A £ B CD)
Z there C C here
S Grammar
X 0 i i" means "there is/are X (nonliving thing)." The particle introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use h 1 & ~f when you want to say that there is something at a certain location.
£> £ d |:-77 K-f/P K**fc 0 i 1% There's a McDonald's over there.
Note that & ') i i" is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three counts. One, it calls for the particle \~, rather than ~C, for the place description. Two, the place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle     rather than 11.
You can also use h ') & ~t to say that you have or oivn something.1
T V 1!*^ / don't have a TV.
b#FhW& 0 £ ~fj>\ Do you have time?
2
We also use h 0 $ ~t when we want to say that an event will take place.
)Jj.^lH i-TX Y&fa 0 Jc ~j~0 There will be an exam on Tuesday.
cfc L tz li 0 ^f§- ^07 7X^'fe 0 £    /vo     There will be no Japanese class tomorrow.
When you want to present a person or some other sentient being, rather than a thing, you need to use the verb ^ J: ~f.3 Thus,
'Note the difference between:
t V Y.¥_h ') i       (I don't have a TV), the negative version of r V h'*>"& 0 31", and r U h' L' v fe 0 3       (It isn't a TV), the negative version of fv t"C"t. 2In a minor detail which we will not discuss any further here, when h 1 i ~f is used in the sense of an event taking place, the place description is followed by the particle ~C*, like normal verbs and unlike the other uses of h 0 i. "f. Note also that some time expressions (such as B ag B lc) come with the particle \~, and some others (such as h L tz) do not (see Lesson 3). The rule applies to the h *) & "1" sentences as well. 3Note that the same verb "is" in English conies out differently in Japanese: hi ;i:8f ±*''^Jta       There is an international student over there. * T ') — b Z li^j ^ £.X~i~ *    Mary is an international student. ^ i 1" and $> 1 £ ~f are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while X"f is for description of an attribute of a person or a thing.
There's an international student over there.
(place U_)
thing ^ SD^-r person ff UJiLJt
There is I are
Describing Where Things Are
We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word if (where) and say X ti £*c X'i~ti\
Where's McDonald's?
In response, one can, of course, point and say:
r &    d i ( over there.
"7 9 Yi~ /V K (i \   % Z   [ X"f0     McDonald's is \ right there near you. t   d d   J *- ng7z£ Aere.
In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in "X is in front of Y." The Japanese version looks like X (i Y <D^\X"f.
Y1-)l Yli) &<7)7*'<-Ye>t!X~to
It's in front of that department store.
Other useful words describing locations are as follows:
location words UtzO
US*
to the right of' to the left of in front of behind X is \ inside
on/above under/beneath near next to X is between Y and Z.
Y.
smt it m # n g>gfr p t-fo
77ze -wgatf to fAe library.
77?e umbrella is under the table.
77ze restaurant is between the department store and the hospital.
One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that occurs in the place. To use these phrases with verbs such as -5 and one will need the particle "C.
I waited for Mary in front of the Haagen-Dazs place.
Kl Past Tense
The past tense forms of verbs look like the following, where -~ stands for the stem of a verb.
affirmative negative !
present tense ~£i£hi | past tense ~J|Ufc ~M^5k^
/ T '] — $ /C Ji^L^f ^* %> ^ (::>)§• 0 J L 7c o Mary returned home at about nine. %\i.^(T>n B       £ $&|& L J:    /C "C L 7c o        / did not study Japanese yesterday.
The various details of formation of the long forms that we learned in Lesson 3, like the rw-verb/z/-verb/irregular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense forms as well.
"Another word for "near" that is also commonly used is      < .
sBoth XtiYO Kii X~t and XiiYwi Z X't describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side. For a £ 4' 1 sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be X Z in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct.
QQUli M V<r>X z X'-fy       The telephone is by the restroom.
xi&li b A V<OiL & *) -C-1% (odd)
The past tense versions of "X (i Y "Ci"" sentences look like the following.
present tense past tense
affirmative negative
-■err -w&ožv-fa
Mr. Yamashita ivas a student at Tozai University. That was not a Japanese movie.
Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese, if you want to add a quantity word like 7c < $ ^ to the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle £.
Í^Mžfz < SA,]
LcL/l
tz < SA,g&ž .
0 Ř L 7c o     / fooÄ many pictures in Kyoto.
I ate a lot of vegetables.
-bspe!
US \J tffu
The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, like — Such a noun stands alone (that is, not followed by any particle) and usually appears immediately before the verb.
Mary waited for Takeshi there for an hour.
For an approximate measurement, you can add {'b^ after
6As was the case with the present tense U      ') £ *tL, written language would more likely have X'ii h
0 i *A,-C L tz, instead of the contracted form I" -<f & 9 4 *k LX' I tz. 7As we learned in Lesson 3, for "at about a certain time" we have another wrord z*h.
/ studied Japanese for about three hours yesterday.
The particle i- has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A and B."
0       £       £ If L £ ~i~0        I speak Japanese and English. %^ZJ*M.\Zfr $ £ L tzo        I went to Kyoto and. Osaka.
The other meaning of £ is "together with"; it describes with whom you do something.
A-A, Z <
Mary ivill go to Korea with Sue.
a *
We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle & in reference to the second item which shares a common attribute with the first. You can also use t> when two or more people perform the same activity.
J    1       I-if b- £ L tz0 I went to Kyoto yesterday.
iT^iit $<7)1 ^iM-^c* £ Ltz0     Professor Yarnashita ivent to Kyoto
yesterday, too.
Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things.
yr'J-$/Ui<-2£Wv^ L/c0        Mwy bought shoes.
/ T <J - $ ^ a   J2T/C & S v ^ J L /: 0    Man' 6o«gtftf a *ogi too.
In both cases, t> directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something in common. Observe that t replaces the particles ti,      or £ in these sentences.
You can also use t> when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions, and so forth.
8You can use £ to connect nouns only. We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6. 9"With" as in "with chopsticks" requires another particle. See Lesson 10.
(«2 ) ►£f£-3££Si
fAJi^cS^fpC^f J I U:„ / went to Kyoto last week.
j^WLlZ $>Vt$ £. Lfzo I went to Osaka, too.
UK if >■
Robert went to a party on Saturday.
a fa i:feM-f^ — t-^x 3t i L/bo
to a party on Sunday, too.
We put fe a/ter the particle t- in these sentences. More generally, particles other than (i, and £ are used together with t>, rather than being replaced by it.
mmy
Expression Notesy
x OhU^ X ©HÍÍ is often used in the sense of "across (the street) from X" or "opposite X." You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of across, namely, X (Dtsfr^.
If something is behind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be directly seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X ©í£ó, you can also describe it as being X © -5 h.
/Lo/35o^ In the dialogues, we observe Mary's host father saying z.~z>, and her host mother saying $>-d. is like the incredulous "what?" that you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe, fo -o is used when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something. The small o at the end of these little words indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short.
ZKflMJ^^ (half) appears after the unit word like B#Pb1. Thus, "two hours and a half" is -PtHg¥, rather than ~WflB.
tUfeU^ fcLfeL is "hello," which is used only in telephone conversations. Some people use i> L & L when they place a call. Some other people use it when they receive a call.
W, H Practice
A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using SO£3" or
B. Answer the following questions.
1. i i /:«BTl: 0       W X h 7 ^*J* 0 ^ t^.
3. &&7c^^&}-W& 0 If*'.
■0: i:
6. 3 (classroom) I-7c        ^ £ 1"^%
7. tfr<&8l (zoo) l-^T**v^-t*»o
8. &£;fctf>@ (country) Cm'JltK
9. *&/=tfDtfcJ::'rW& 0 £ -f^o
C. Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions. ©
	School	After School
Monday	French  English Computer	
Tuesday	History	club activity
Wednesday	French   English Computer	
Thursday	History	club activity
Friday	English (TEST)	party
Saturday	NO SCHOOL	date
Sunday	NO SCHOOL	part-time job
club activity 777 party ' ■?—7" -f —
test fXl-
Example:   Q : % % H lz 7 7 >Xf£ <r>7 7 X*** 0 i 1"^o A : h n ito
6. &mB j-H*** 01 -t*»0
7. a HIS Ufa*** 0 5
D. Pair Work—Write down your next week's schedule and ask each other what plans you have on each day of the week.
Example:   A : ft % B \zWh 1 £ -fi\
	Your Schedule	|      Your Partner's Schedule
		
^•fa	i	
	i j 1 , 1	
?Mia	1	
&f B	1	
iBf a	i	
BafH		
A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. @
Example:
1.
4. ^
2.
5. X—
3. ^'Xjf> 6. ^sF^
B. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. ©
Example:   ^ -
1. x.^{/fo
2. 7 ^"7 h (racket)
3. Bff+
i itiv
4. -flS
5. frtfA,
6. (3^ L
11A- "i x
( 86 ) ►^ig.^i
C. Pair Work—Ask and answer questions to find where the buildings are.
One student looks at map A. The other student looks at map B (p. 93). Don't look at the other's map.
Example:   A : KM \± if 3
- -) it A,
- -1 i A.
Map A
		
	L   . . .	----k
		<
L . 1 III > 1 1 1 1 •		
7G
VI
Ask where the following places are.
1. A
3. Äfö
5. m%%)
2. ^'Xj? 4.
A. Look at the information about Prof. Yamashita 25 years ago and answer the questions. ©
Twenty-five years ago, Prof. Yamashita was twenty-two years old senior at a college good student
his major—Japanese history
Example:
Q : J*T(college student) "C t tzi\ Q : ^TMIi+tltU;^
1. iTMüfftL/cK 3. iTÄÄÜ^v^äL-Cl*:^«,
CiL ft-t>A,-tti> < -tr» •
mm*
0
B. Pair Work—Guessing game
Ask questions and find out the prices your partner has chosen.
1. Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and mark it.
2. In each row, use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen.
3. You can ask at most two questions with one item. If you have guessed correctly the price your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give away the right answer when you ask a wrong question.
4. When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch roles with your partner and answer their questions.
5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner.
Example:   A : % (Dfrli As{±~7?¥]XLtz-h\
A : -^jt-tR-Cl^o B :       * i -etc
	¥5,000	¥10,000	¥15,000	¥20,000
	¥600	¥1,000	¥1,300	¥2,000
	¥1,600	¥2,000	¥2,400	¥3,000
	¥3,500	¥4,000	¥6,500	¥8,000
	¥3,000	¥10,000	¥17,000	¥25,000
C. Pair Work—Suppose you got one thing as a birthday present and choose it from the items on the next page. Your partner guesses what you got. Answer your partner's questions.
Example:   B : 7 V*£ > h (i   f £ LX*ltzfrQ A : x.*., frl$A,X*Ltz0
A. Change the following verbs into and ~^t+/ut!Ufc.@
Example: ->   /i^J L/:
1. lifcl"   2. 3. If   4.      <    5.  < -5   6. 1^   7. 8. S
9. -fi   10. 11. hi   12. te£   13. 14. 15.
B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. @ Example:   ^T'j-^l^fSUgttt -C'&£ LUfc.
Ex. Monday (1) Tuesday (2) Wednesday        (3) Thursday
in the library at home at school at a coffee shop
(4) Friday (5) Saturday (6) Sunday
at a friend's house in Kyoto at a department store
Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions. @
Example:   Q : * T *) - $ &ltnmBlzm$n?M®.l £ ltzfr0 A : Li ltz0
Q : / T "J -*/UiE3f B U^iSSr^i L/c^0 A : vhnjc, ILi-a-/t"CL7=0
1.       U — ^ A.£i^CHlBUffft£#c* i l7=*»„
6. y tv-^^b^bckv^S: Li L/=*%
Look at the pictures above and answer the questions. @
Example:   Q : * T 'J - HI-MS: L $ L/=*%
A : ®#tt"C&3£ia Itzo
1. v-e^ti^s cms: Li l/=*%
2. 7 V - S ^i*1* B l-H £ l i l /= *\,
# - i: *i ^      V; -
3. ^7')-^ X^i^^B&iiS S:IL^ L 7c#*0
4. /t'j-Uliv^I^f^ L £ Ltc*»o
5. y T 'J — $ /CJiiHB        z "CBJt C*(i/v S: 1fe"^i Lfc^0
6. 'j -*^i*j*a t-^w^fez-f-ibi-^i L7c^0
Pair Work—Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc. Example:   A : |[Bfl 0       & L I L tz b\
B :f-xHn/:o
Pair Work—Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school.
Example:   A : s$-&*)*$/&&<?>tit X < Itzfr
B : Jiv\ X < Ltzo
1. m&-tz>
2. x*°-'y£-f£
3. b&HD£jI£ 5. ^&£#<
6. r-t-ztz
CO
A. Compare sentences (a) and (b), and change sentence (b) using =fc.
Example:   (a) ^ >^'-#-li-f Rt't„ (b) ^
a)        L ^/Oti^t+^Kv^^ ltz0
a) a^'-^^^!i^^iSl?IUto
:: a a, z -<x.Jii
b) /7,J-?^[iH^i^^Ut„
a) fclt L^tiiBfHKTJWNW h & Li "to
b) /c(tl$/U2B>« Hi:r/wf h & Lite a) •fe-CB^S^Li-fo
i: il/v r at
a) fciS, LL l-4f£ IWL/:„
b) £tf>7, LL Kff $ 3: -fcr A, "CI 7c 0
B. Describe the pictures using =fe. @ j?x    ^itx tzftfr
A. Answer the following questions.
w*tM (Review Exercises)
1. fW-feS if^o
2. fcv^vvjsri$i«i<-E,v^i1-^o
3. -$B, ^TBtMfe^ L á
5. «t < £fcVf:Vlftž#í $~tt\
K I X i'A o-
6. £ Lá
B. Pair Work—A and B want to play basketball together. The following is A's schedule for this week. (B's schedule is on p. 93.) Play the roles of A and B with your partner. Ask each other what the other is doing and decide on what day you will play basketball.
Example:
A : X >r "7 Y (basketball) HI b : vu^-ťfco
b : n m a im%nx-M& it-to
'xmBíí ?
«■ J: 'i y
A's Schedule
SUN
MON
™E    fox* 4.asvk
out 3 O-cl&cJi
WED
THU 'Pasvb-XCtnJL-
SAT    *PasvC - £i*KJi, J<y&-
(íz-5'p.^')
Example:   A : £® íá if Z f-f^o
Map B
		
		r-1 f/í- f
Ask where the following places are.
		-K
		1- í
i. mf?
3. X—
4. ULÍT
5. h -7 >
Pair Work (VI) B.
Example:
A:a'X^7 h (basketball) ž L ž
B : vuN-c-ffc0
i- 1 i !/
B's Schedule
SUN    £ p.iw. Jo^cjmoj MOW   C^ťfy in -ri»e. l'br^ry 7ĽE
WED    5Hoppi^    \n OSŕxka.
7HĽ    Dinner tár
-friend's house
ffi/
s/vr
Locations
-3 < Z.CDX
Lr:
r ")
f\J-
^ ^ ^
o < x. co % i£
Vtz1)	
	
	
$ £ 1 s^ra
•-a
i .i
fg4SH
Days/Weeks/Months/Yea
Days
r s
		*f 0			B	JLBiB
	1	2	3	4	5	6
						t-\ ^-
7	8	9	10	11	12	13
					IV>UU*>	
14	15	16	17	18	19	20
						
21	22	23	24	25	26	27
		;:i,Vs-7*X,.t:*>		!:L*i«C'i:*i		
28	29	30	31			
	(:l'.tn<{:*>					
Months
(=^)-
Time Words
-January
-February
-March
-April
-May
-June
<^ (jLft)........-
-July -August -September -October
C yp l (-M)-
U kj> -7 v \ % tf-O (+— ^ )—November LT vp 1 KJ>*0 ("t"^-^)--December
Day	Week	Month	Year
			H £ E I
		J! ft)	
the day before yesterday	the week before last	the month before last	the year before last
^tfO^ (a^b)			
yesterday	last week	last month	last year
Ob)	- ^ l * "9 Oat)		
today	this week	this month	this year
& L/c			
tomorrow	next week	next month	next year
		If	
			
the day after tomorrow	the week after next	the month after next	the year after next