L E S S 0 ■JStcfj ^ "l_r'p t0 Nagano N 15^1 © Oct 3 5 15 D i a o g u e I 1 Before the vacation. i/T'J-: /iftl&? -cxi i- i: *x l h At Nagano Station. 2 /7'J- 3 7c it L : 4 ST1)- 5 /= tt I : 1} At the Travel Information Office. 1 £ It I : 2 311*1 <50 A 3 /= tt I : ( »T,1fi»:- i. tC I.."-.*'/.- I. i t'.< Mary: Takeshi, do you have any plans for the holiday? Takeshi: Not really. Why? Mary: I am thinking of going to Michiko's home in Nagano. Do you want to go? Takeshi: Is it okay? Mary: Yes, Michiko told me to invite you. Takeshi: Then, I will go. 1 will check the train schedule. Mary: Thanks. I will call Michiko. Takeshi: Since we got here early, do you want to do a little sightseeing? Mary: Yes. Where shall we go? Takeshi: How about Zenkoji Temple? It's a famous temple. Mary: Sounds good. What shall we eat for lunch? Takeshi: Soba noodles in Nagano are delicious, so let's eat soba. ( I ) Takeshi: Excuse me, which bus goes to Zenkoji Temple? Information agent: For Zenkoji, it's bus number 5. Takeshi: Thank you very much. Can I have this map? Information agent: Yes. And these are discount tickets for (he museum. Please take them, if you like. Mary: This is the museum that has paintings by Higashiyama Kaii, isn't it? We are planning to go tomorrow. Thank you. Information agent: Have a safe trip. V o c a b u I a r y Nouns * x. it-?ca.l * L* L L lib $ 0 •>' f^7 h L •) Wv * i: -t v v ») i Wv t\ -adjective -iff -verbs painting; picture; drawing movie theater foreigner furniture sightseeing-wedding earthquake deadline jacket custom tax graduation ceremony soba; Japanese buckwheat noodle map battery garden presentation broadcast program swimming pool pet schedule inn discount coupon spacious; wide to sell to withdraw (money) to draw; to paint to look for to invite * Words that appear in the dialogue * -3 < R v ■ v e r b s ft? Irregular Verbs i ^ y J: TtS Adverbs and Other * —It if (1) to date (someone) (person H) (2) to keep company (purpose l~) to arrive (place 1-) to buy insurance to be cautious/careful (' to look into (a matter) (matter £) to throw away to be visible to decide on (an item) (thing I-) to graduate (from . . . ) (school &) to reserve Expressions all day long . . . , but; . . . , so recently about . . . ; concerning . . number . . . -th one more time Sum G r a Volitional Form m m a r The volitional form of a verb is a less formal, more casual equivalent of £ I l n . You can use it to suggest a plan to a close friend, for example. ru-verbs: Drop the final -ru and add -yoo. ^a;§ (tabe-ru) ■» ^a;<£o (tabe-yoo) u-verbs: Drop the final -u and add -oo. ii< (ik-u) 4 fa do (ik-oo) $ ^£5 lift -» US <£ lit,-5 ■333 — mo *' -> 5E& -> ?*<* 35cfc -> 35* 3113:5 35t irregular verbs: We don't have any classes tomorrow. Let's go some place for dinner tonight. #£*t I X n X o Hey, let's get married! You can use the volitional plus the question particle to ask for an opinion in your offer or suggestion. Shall I lend you a hand? Shall we see this film? My friends say it is good. When shall ive meet again? ( We use the volitional + "C^ £ 1" to talk about our determinations. A> i ~f, in contrast, tends to suggest that you have already decided to do something. Situation 1 I will give you 10,000 yen. What will you use it for? / « foz;uY dictionary, (decision made on the spot) Situation 2 Fo«< 50/ 10,000 yen from your parents? What are you going to use it for? a : m^cD$m&wnn zm^x^ito / am going to buy a kanji dictionary, (decision already made) 0 ~r*>< The fe-form of a verb plus the helping verb H < describes an action performed in preparation for something. hitz mfc^h & x\ l x & $ i to Since there will be an exam tomorroiv, I will study (for it) tonight. it' / turned the heater on by way of precaution, because it was going to get colder. / rattsf raaA"v^, the ^-adjective V> t I 3> ^ qualifies the noun ^ and tells us what kind of book it is. You can also use sentences to qualify nouns. The sentences that are used as qualifiers of nouns are shown in the boxes below. 1. # -ÍŤ- H/u 2. "STÍ- HA; 3. \p * 51 BA; 4. b#"chz.&u # - H/u the book that I bought yesterday the book \my boyfriend gave me\ the book that is on the table the books \that you can't buy in Japan] Qualifier sentences in these examples tell us what kind of book we are talking about, just like adjectives. The verbs used in such qualifier sentences are in their short forms, either in the present (as in examples 3 and 4) or the past tense (1 and 2), and either in the affirmative (1-3) or in the negative (4). When the subject of the verb—that is to say, the person performing the activity—appears inside a qualifier sentence, as in example 2 above, it is accompanied by the particle and not (i. You can use a noun with a qualifier sentence just like any other noun. In other words, a "qualifier sentence + noun" combination is just like one big noun phrase. You can put it anywhere in a sentence that you can have a noun. (cf. Ztitt&X"t0) This is a book that my girlfriend gave me on my birthday last year. 9 >A^..V.i£lJ * £ < ixt L/C, (cf. $C*f£ž < HŘ ltz0) ilk My father gave me a book that Amy Tan wrote. fit! r™t,[jvL,i-;r?T" .<■■• *■ i' The movie I was touched by the most is To Live. (cf. B*®ti r£2= £J X'to) The use of short forms in casual speech ►Let us examine some more examples of short forms used in informal, casual spoken Japanese in the Dialogue. #S calls for the particle W, as in The particles (i, /A and, & are frequently dropped in the casual speech. Note also that this sentence is a yes/no question, and the particle is dropped. (The question particle #s is retained in special cases only, such as the pattern "the volitional + (Shall we . . . ?)") X & is the contraction of X V , where the *>fe tit jit vowel 1^ of the helping verb is dropped. Such contractions do occur in the long form (T"t* and £.~t) speech patterns too, but are more frequent in casual speech with short forms. S-3^fc^6o YiiXtz is the contraction of Yl-oX^^tz. Another example l\ 1. v. of the vowel v> in the helping verb TV>£> dropping out. W^&fc^F^fcfeo tz is systematically dropped at the end of a sentence, but it is retained when it is followed by X or i2. A : Mli^li ? B : *lfel:lt/*WIH/iJ:o While sentences ending with tzi. are quite common in the casual speech of women today, until very recently, women were "supposed to" drop tz when they ended a sentence with X. Short present + ^3?"c. 1 (third sheet) 3 /(. 11 • «■',, i — 4f. g (first vear) ""-'■1,1 (second vear) r.*PH (third year) -ill! ........il II (first day) ......'. IIIJ (second day) Ulin (third day) B, W Practice CD A. Change the verbs into the volitional forms. Example: ^x < ~> ^ c -9 1. fc^S 2. 3. 4. XtJ 5. < £ 6. tiv^S 7.5o 8. u*<* 9. 10.« 11. 12. i^<-f3 B. Pair Work—Suggest your plans to your partner using the informal speech. Example: A : X*3 — t — %$kt> 1 (»0 Ex. (1) (2) drink coffee at a coffee shop read magazines in the library see a movie in Kyoto take pictures at school swim in a pool buy hamburgers at McDonald's (6) (7) (8) dance at a disco climb a mountain in Nagano have a barbecue at a park C. Pair Work—You and your partner are going on a trip for four days. Decide (1) where you are going, and (2) what you are going to do each day. Use the volitional forms as in the example. Example: A : £*d \z'ij Z 7 t\ B : fami-ft - "5 o 1. iTC Ufr J i "tä* 2. War lit*-. — 0 i /a ... "-o'c "1. f 7?., (i)»aUcfe5 Z (go on a diet) 4. v 3 > (get up early in the morning) stiss* 6i 5. D/<— h (listen to the Japanese language tapes all day) 6. tztfL (eat more vegetables) 7. X— (make lots of Japanese friends) 8. (t/v (look for a job) B. Ask three classmates what they are going to do this weekend and fill in the chart. Example: A : it^H* IX 1 ^S^t^lth L»i.1'J';i: j;t ^ c X i Pair Work—Practice the following dialogue with your partner. Then substitute the boxed part with the other occasions listed below and complete the rest of the underlined parts accordingly. Dialogue: A : 1'^-+—;tt> l.hit X llit j -\ * ^Ztztz < =clap your hands ,l££= attitude ^i" = show What do you suggest doing when you are happy? Change the underlined parts into other verbs using the volitional forms. Example: £'i'%> (shake hands) >7TS (wink) *7<\ >7 111 A. A famous prophet said that there will be a big earthquake next week. Tell what the people below will do in advance. © Example: ä - £ E Ť ) 1. / r i) - 2. X- 3. a/n'— h 4. J,Tft£ /r J J *•« it- 5. /cit LíOÍÔ#^/v (WICXŽ) 6. Ü t Z 7. /bit L (/i < $/v^Ž) B. What do you need to do to prepare for the following situations? Make as many sentences as possible using ~-r£5<. Example: it*, *jUf I £ 1~q 15BM 1. nmBizTX Wh o it iť-pj: i W 2. mu^íto 3. T- h Ž L Ř to 4. ^°-Ť -í — ž l á 1~o ^ Ir ffl "CM o 7"c Bfflt A. Look at the pictures and make noun phrases as in the example, Example: a friend who lives in Korea -+ ItH Uf±/C"C-^ £ /(l) a friend who can speak Spanish ^ /(2) a watch I got from my girlfriend (3) a friend who went to China last year / (7) a T-shirt I bought in Hawaii / (8) the house I live in now -(4) a bag I use every day (5) a coffee shop I sometimes go to (6) a temple I saw last week B. You are a collector of items associated with world-famous figures. Show your collection to your guest. [j>jj) Example: ^ tttfx ') 7 7 • 7 7 ~? h tz %7-X'to IX. (1) >1 / ? 0 o o 0 i o CO -->-. (2) a guitar Eric Clapton used a picture Picasso drew a piano Beethoven played C. Make the following two sentences into one sentence. The underlined words will be modified. Example: 3 — t — Sife/Cf^l ltz0 Dt ') * L/i) 0 It) y, a. *i 3. A^ilLf: < £> 0 Jc-fr/Co (r ^ 'J ij -e&ffe I tz z z 0 $ -f) (B^^mi-^^X X (fr-oX^Hr) 6. AC t "9 —fc&^fz^^Xto mi5M< (os D. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. Later, report your findings to the class, as in the example. Example: What did you buy recently? 1. What movie did you see recently? 2. What gifts have you received lately? 3. Which celebrity do you want to meet? 4. What country have you been to? 5. What kind of music did you listen to when you were in high school? 6. Where did you have your first date? E. Pair Work—Ask which of the three alternatives your partner likes the most. Example: A : ZWft&JLtz^^X-ffro B : ##-Cl-0 A :B yi'liil^r^li^ttto r. I a (a) (b) (c) my friend gave me I borrowed yesterday Jody Foster appears 1. zTiO-rf $X~fi\ (a) (b) (c) I got from my mother I bought last year I bought in Hawaii ( 66 2. ť'co U X h "7 > ľ-'ň ^ I L J: Ť ^ (a) (b) (c) zu V4\N zu we went to last week our friend is working at part-lime we have never been to (a) ?r=\ ^ (b) J/JTS (c) graduated from Tokyo University has a Porsche (<+°^ "> -x) 4. ^/v&BTUfé^ŕc^-C-ŕjK can play the piano (b) (c) acstaub **T . 1. . . l fflfflfll ID ID ID wvw SIS |TJS there are many movie theaters there are nice restaurants i. * -t- (a) (b) (c) tax is not high °° DD 0 b m s s there is a swimming pool garden is spacious with an ocean view (li'li £) (a) (b) (c) likes cooking doesn't smoke has pets A. Pair Work—Guessing Game Write down what you do often in Column I. Write down what you think your partner does often in Column II. Ask each other to find out if you have guessed right. If you have guessed your partner's answers correctly, you score a point. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner. Example: A : X ( B : JiVN %VX < fz*l£. I. I do often: II. I think my partner does often: Was I correct? X < -ft < fn X < ft 3*4*1 i x < m < n-m X < JL I f v h'#|a X { src ii $11 0* J: L ! B. Class Activity—Find someone who . . . 1. listens to the Japanese language tape every day _________________________________ 2. is thinking of breaking up with the partner__________ 3. has to write a paper this weekend___________ 4. cannot swim..................... ____________________________________ 5. can speak Spanish ___________________________________ Later, report to the class as in the example. Example: (Mr. A can speak German.) -* K A V f^'M^AlA] li A $ A.X~~f0 C. Tell the class about your New Year's resolution (Sf^OJ&S). Example: £*imWtZtzfrb, ti, to^U^Soti^t. ZHfrh. ^/cV^t-to D. Pair Work—Suppose you and your partner have just arrived at your travel destination. {You choose the place.) Using Dialogue II as a model, decide to do something together with your partner. Use the informal speech. At th e Ho t e I Useful Vocabulary rfc T )V--Western-style hotel t" v X t )V — - business hotel J- — X tf; X f -------youth hostel #ftft----Japanese-style inn (Room prices u < -ft usually include breakfast and dinner.) - q q-guest house (Room prices usually include breakfast and dinner.) . . . nights (fate/—/isji&......) «Í7--------- Li'I l: -j> —..............— with . . . -----with meals ----one night with two meals f x 7 7 'í > ("f á )--------checking in f h ("f £)------checking out Useful Expressions & t 7C *>*|-fcB$ Ufe - L X < # $ V h # — K x. Jc t -h\--------------- i: L: i". t"; *>-(' —íó^ < hX'i-t\ A v > 9'V — single room 7*~7*)l -.......................- - double room s7 A > —-------------twin room ~ %, --. . . person (s) 7 o > p*--receptionist; front desk Please wake me up at 7:00 tomorrow morning. Can I pay by credit card? Could you keep my luggage until 2 o'clock? * How much is it for one night? How many people? Three. — ft "Cfc — zMt, — ^^^f-R ~C1~o For one night with two meals, 12,000 yen. L* fffoto^^L I to / would like to make a reservation. B : MB^bH'SW^f ,^"Ct^o //ow many nights, starting from what day? A : ^ilcO^rBf 0 b "to Three nights from next Friday. B : i)*L Z ± 1 i Ltzo h^m