ffltĎTXDžr— S The First Date au; Dialogue o Mary goes downtown. y. T V — : In the evening, at Mary's host family's house. ^7 u-/ 7 'J -/• 7 'j - A S t% to z4 , it L : 3 4 it L : 5 / 7 V - 6 tt L : 77 K-f ;v K......r*í>A*íí'*\* ! © Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonald's? Stranger: It is in front of that department store. Mary: Thank you. Mary: I'm home. Host father: Welcome home. How was the movie? Mary: I didn't see it. Takeshi didn't come. Host father: Oh, why? Mary: I don't know. So, I went to a bookstore and a temple alone. Host father: Were there a lot of people? Mary: Yes. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store. Here's a souvenir for you. Host father: Thank you. Host mother: Oh, Mary, you had a phone call a little while ago. Takeshi: This is Kimura. Mary: Hello, is this Takeshi? This is Mary. Takeshi, you didn't come today, did you? Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Haagen-Dazs place. Mary: Not Haagen-Dazs. McDonald's! Takeshi: McDonald's . . . I'm sorry! Nouns Activities People and Things * & * ÍSÁ^lf = if* /*> Places H 7 X./Í/ X~ * f-Ví— b /\*X"tV> V J: 7 * HL^ it, Time JOT cf. v<^*>U*"/^ a b 5m Abe pp part-time job shopping class you dog souvenir child rice; meal picture; photograph desk letter cat bread person temple park supermarket department store bus stop hospital hotel bookstore town; city restaurant yesterday a little while ago hour one hour mm<\ * Words that appear in the dialogue last week ■* when . . . ; at the time of . . . (~«) if o J: -9 Monday >X.*t;B Tuesday Wednesday t < I 7 V Thursday Friday -verbs *i ^7 to meet; to see (a person) {person K) * there is . . . (~>5J) 7 It to buy (~ £) #< to write {person 1- thing £ »ž to take (pictures) (~ £) * to wait (~ £) * to understand (—i1) R v - v e r b * (a person) is in ... ; stays at . {place l~) Adverbs and 0 t h e r Expressions ~ <* b s > about (approximate measurement) * I'm sorry. * so; therefore # tz < 5^ many; a lot together with (a person) * £*7 L-C why * -At alone * Hello? (used on the phone) i o c a t i o n Words &«# right (~c0) Utzl left (~«0) * ± £ lír front (~) "7 * on Ltz f U T M under (~«) near next (~tf>) between (A £ ß * introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use i>") £ i~ when you want to say that there is something at a certain location. There's a McDonald's over there. Note that $> 1 £ ~f is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three counts. One, it calls for the particle 1-, rather than "C, for the place description. Two, the place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle i*, rather than (i. You can also use fo 0 £ ~t to say that you have or own something.' T V h*& 1 £ J±La I don't have a TV. FbW,£> 1 £ Do you have time? We also use h 0 £ ~f when we want to say that an event will take place* ^10 llrX 0 £~f0 There will be an exam on Tuesday. h- 1 i if h L tz lä H ^%ß^7^i'*i 1 £ -ti"/Co There will be no Japanese class tomorrow. When you want to present a person or some other sentient being, rather than a thing, you need to use the verb v * £ ~f. Thus, 'Note the difference between: T I- 1 i itL (I don't have a TV), the negative version of T V 9 i ~f, and f V eVfA 1 i */v (It isn't a TV), the negative version of r V £%-f. 2In a minor detail which we will not discuss any further here, when h 0 £ 1~ is used in the sense of an event taking place, the place description is followed by the particle X', like normal verbs and unlike the other uses of h 9 £ Note also that some time expressions (such as B fg B (:) come with the particle t^, and some others (such as h L tz) do not (see Lesson 3). The rule applies to the & 9 £~t sentences as well. 3Note that the same verb "is" in English comes out differently in Japanese: jbi z l:§fii!ui i"0 There is an international student over there. JT ') — 5 A/(iS^±."ti"„ Mary is an international student. v>3 "f and $> *) £ "f are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while X'1~ is for description of an attribute of a person or a thing. There's an international student over there. (place L) Í thing ft 35QáčT I person ft L\f1" There is I are Describing Where Things Are We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word £' Z (where) and say X 13 i?Z X'-fi\ -?7 Y1-)\*Y ti Z "C-f i)\ Where's McDonald's? In response, one can, of course, point and say: {£> •?■ Z "I i over there. % Z Y "C"J"o McDonald's is \ right there near you. Z Z ' L right here. In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in "X is in front of Y." The Japanese version looks like X li Y «DtJ"Ci". (?7 V-fiv Kii) &(Of'<-Yco-fiS~?i-o It's in front of that department store. Other useful words describing locations are as follows: location words ' to the right of U1£0 to the left of Sít in front of behind X Ii Y ÖD tift a: « • inside > Y. 5Ž. on/above Ufc under 1 beneath *K4 near ■ next to X li Y *" < . 5Both XllYm £ & •) X~f and XliYO i c X~$ describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side. For a £ & 0 sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be X Z in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct. OQUti h -i vnXZX'1~<, The telephone is by the restroom. Xl£4fiM KQgfrl-Ct. (odd) The past tense versions of "X ti Y X'~t" sentences look like the following. affirmative negative present tense past tense Mr. Yamashita was a student at Tozai University. That was not a Japanese movie. Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese, if you want to add a quantity word like tz < 3 ^ to the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle £. ^%i±zAAA. U-L4 m 0 Ž L o / took many pictures in Kyoto. I ate a lot of vegetables. -mm us V trtu The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, like — H. Such a noun stands alone (that is, not followed by any particle) and usually appears immediately before the verb. * T 'J - $ A, It i =. X'tz It L 5 L£-~mm%± Lfc« Mary waited for Takeshi there for an hour. For an approximate measurement, you can add Cbv^ after $4 34 0 / studied Japanese for about three hours yesterday. The particle K has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A B. Sri i: íi íí ? h- o 7 speak Japanese and English. I went to Kyoto and Osaka. The other meaning of t is "together with"; it describes with whom you do something. Mary m>z7/ ,gro to Korea with Sue. We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle t> in reference to the second item which shares a common attribute with the first. You can also use t when two or more people perform the same activity. ht± Jit £ *> I went to Kyoto yesterday. JjT^^.t^^t^^Pf-'ffJJ L/co Professor Yamashita went to Kyoto yesterday, too. Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things. JT1) — < o£Kv>i tfc. Mary »««« s/joes. / T 'J - 5 A/ (3 tiX t> I v n £ L tzo Mary bought a bag, too. a- In both cases, & directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something in common. Observe that & replaces the particles !i, *>*, or £ in these sentences. You can also use & when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions, and so forth. "As was the case with the present tense I' r $> 1 £ -tf-A,, written language would more likely have fli A 1 i^LX-Ltz, instead of the contracted form L>*1 i*/(/f L/;. 7As we learned in Lesson 3, for "at about a certain time" we have another word "h. "You can use £ to connect nouns only. We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6. 9"With" as in "with chopsticks" requires another particle. See Lesson 10. / went to Kyoto last week. I went to Osaka, too. Robert went to a party on Saturday. Bf B \Zjy-r—f \ & lf:0 I:«JC4 If ii //e went to a party on Sunday, too. We put t after the particle in these sentences. More generally, particles other than ii, fi*, and £ are used together with t, rather than being replaced by it. my—h Expression x ©b3^ X ©hu is often used in the sense of "across (the street) from X" or "opposite X." You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of across, namely, XcDtfJ^V*. If something is behind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be directly seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X 0f£?>, ■5 l. you can also describe it as being X CD -5 6. In the dialogues, we observe Mary's host father saying ^.o, and her host mother saying fo-o. is like the incredulous "what?" that you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe, fo o is used when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something. The small o at the end of these little words indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short. ~R!B¥^ (half) appears after the unit word like Hf Fnl. Thus, "two hours and a half" is ~^fF5#, rather than —#B#|8I. i>[si>Lr^ bhbh is "hello," which is used only in telephone conversations. Some people use L & L when they place a call. Some other people use it when they receive a call. mnm< Practice A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using SÖST or LAST. B. Answer the following questions. 1 2 3 4 ■SC 6. CiJO^cS: (classroom) C/i'llil'^i f*', Jjr) L -3 7. t*»S (zoo) CW^iti', 8. AfttzOW (country) l:W>*h 0 Jc 1"**„ < l: Si: 9. fcirfcOfcUW* 0 i-fi'o C. Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions, fjjjj School After School Monday French English Computer Tuesday History club activity Wednesday French English Computer Thursday History club activity Friday English (TEST) party Saturday NO SCHOOL date Sunday NO SCHOOL part-time job club activity 9 7 7* party -jr-f test T X h Example: Q A : liv\ nmB \zy 7 >xf*tfO9 7x>l<& 0 it** o it. 1. fllHi:^;?^*^1)^^ 2. ^alS{i3>h°^-^-tf0^7X^fcO it** llli If r 5. ^hu^*** o it**. 6. A-aja fcM*f& 1 i t**. if kit 7. &m&K¥l-hih 1 it*% D. Pair Work—Write down your next week's schedule and ask each other what plans you have on each day of the week. Example: A : ft m H Kfttfi, 0 i t**o If-si i If II: B : a*s«77Xi>*j. 0 i to II4 IS « Your Schedule Your Partner's Schedule *• Jf* If t < ± 1 IF ^la ±ia H Bl 0 tmi i if A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. @ Example: IU#ft S#lttiX-/No-«0 £ 4' 0 f to 1. 4. iMS 2. 3. /s'Xif I_ _.] 5. Xwf- 6. #lr5n tp i !/A.bs< '. IM EM B. Pair Work—Guessing game Ask questions and find out the prices your partner has chosen. 1. Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and mark it. 2. In each row, use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen. 3. You can ask at most two questions with one item. If you have guessed correctly the price your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give away the right answer when you ask a wrong question. 4. When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch roles with your partner and answer their questions. 5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner. Example: A : * (OjWjXü—^ViX' I tzi>\ A : -71fRtLfc*«. B : £ 7 -C-to ¥5,000 ¥10,000 ¥15,000 ¥20,000 ¥600 ¥1,000 ¥1,300 ¥2,000 Ill I ¥1,600 ¥2,000 ¥2,400 ¥3,000 h u—t— ¥3,500 ¥4,000 ¥6,500 ¥8,000 iL l»l< ¥3,000 ¥10,000 ¥17,000 ¥25,000 C. Pair Work—Suppose you got one thing as a birthday present and choose it from the items on the next page. Your partner guesses what you got. Answer your partner's questions. Example: B : ~/VM> h \ii)*\XAs~£ L tzi>\ ► SIS* A. Change the following verbs into -~£Ufc and --£-rJ:/i>'č?Ufc. @ Example: fc^á fc-*á Lfc 1. iáftt 2. 3. líí 4. fr< 5. < Ž 6. i o 7. fe* 5 8. hfr& 9. -fž 10. £ i 11. *.5 12. 13. ^< 14. 15. 65tí B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. (jjjjj) Example: / T U-*£WJ|.'*H tcH#*-CA» I i Lfc. Ex. Monday (1) Tuesday (2) Wednesday (3) Thursday in the library (4) Friday at home (5) Saturday at school at a coffee shop (6) Sunday at a friend's house in Kyoto at a department store C. Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions, (gfj Example: Q : j< T ') — * L li HM^tZX'MtR L Ř Ltzfr A Q A t < J: -í it' f: HiCL'A t: t A 5. *T l)-5^ti±(at:ř-XÍ: Li lfc**„ 6. 'j-ŽAliBIBCH^S LŽ Vt;i\ D. Look at the pictures above and answer the questions. @ Example: Q 5 / T 'j - 5 LIS. ft 4 0 5 Li L"&'#j A : 0#W"CJ&»Li t!.ft. 1. y r g-$/Ui#.!f a t-^rs li L/c^„ 2. /7 'J-S/UijfclBHtfSLi Ltzi\ />> X i It' toll 3. /■ T 'J-$/U2v^Bfc®£JLi Lfc-*»0 4. /7"j -^!2VnOjC\,n#£ Li L/c*\ 5. y 7 'J B -eafcrii/kSr-fe^i Lfc^o 6. / T 'J -S,U2*.BgB izt? ZX'&tztiK&^i LtzA\ E. Pair Work—Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc. Example: A : J3 V a |:H S L i L tz *\ B : f-XHI Lf:„ Pair Work—Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school. Example: A : fi&^&iX < ^&Wt&£ Ltzi\ B : iiv\ i7, LL Uff ^ £ %A,~Q L f=0 H41M B. Describe the pictures using =6. @ Example: A{i^^-C"to Ex. ^Ui; (1) 3 —h— £*>^ go to a party (5) (8) 4'iii/ tail)" (w)£\ 1/!, u *\**«iC*j1 4. i < ft**i,í;&riix,žit«**.) mm* Pair Work(n)C.= Example: A : 2MI ti Z' Z X"Ťfr<, B : ímiií^ť^íoí: i 0 -e-f„ Map B - ~1 V,-; X'. \ \ N 1 *li-k s 1 ' Pair Work(W)B.= Example: A : X y -y h (basketball) Hi b : vHN-c-ftao A : nmBlíťl X'iri\ \1-jS. \ If b : nmBMm^n^MniŘto lf-3i i If E UK -í/líil í' ii I/' Ask where the following places are. 1. iŘPJt a. 3. x—k- 4. mi- Sf.; i 5. VXl-7> B's Schedule SUN MON S-Ufdy in -riie l>br«.ry 7U£ 7"HU Dinner ^+ -friend/s house Fffl S47 ►sis-sain Locations TT 3S4SN D aysWeeksMon ths/Years Days aagH j! IB tBH B low 1 2 3 4 5 6 -31.-/;*> .to*- 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 IM«;* do*- 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 ClVHifcl:*, Months 5/U*-3 (=M)- ra*o (aji)— Time Words Day -January -February -March -April -May -June Week L*H> 0 *f-3 -July -August -September -October L>TV^j>r*o H— )—November L* 0 T (+—J?)-December Month Year the day before yesterday the week before last the month before last t L the year before last J COT (^B) yesterday last week ■ttXlf^ (AH) last month Sifc^ last year $ i ■? (4-3) today this week this month C K L (tf) this year h Ltz tomorrow b^Ui (^.jS.) next week next month next year the day after tomorrow the week after next $ t, v, ^ t^*o (#*.!) the month after next the year after next