(5) f m/L%Wk | L E $ S 0 N The First Date tut IS D a o g u e Mary goes downtown. In the evening, at Mary's host family's house. i / r 'j -3 / r 'J -^ xr'i- 7 / T 'J - 8 i ft J L : n I | o, / r 'J -14. g-*».§'feftrif**41 LfzX 0 On the phone. L : / 7 /c it L : 7 K f ft K......g&Mt$ I Mary: I'm home. Host father: Welcome home. How was the movie? Mary: I didn't see it. Takeshi didn't come. Host father: Oh. why? Man : I don't know. So. I went to a bookstore and a temple alone. Host father: Were there a lot of people? Mary: Ves. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store. Here's a somenir for yon. Ball father: Thank you. Host mother: Oh. Mary, you had a phone call a little while ago. Takeshi: This is Kinmra. Mary: Hello, is this Takeshi? This is Mary. Takeshi, you didn't come today, did you? Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Haagen-Daza place. Mary: Not Haagen-Dazs. McDonald's! Takeshi: McDonald's . . . I'm sorry! Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonald's? Stranger: It is in front of that department store. Mary: Thank you. r \ a b u pp I 1 Nouns Activities T )\>' < A h (MM it CO 9 7 7, People and Things £ & tz • L v L & -2 < £ ted • v-y Ploces X — — X *c z/1 1 Hit, *f m | & U X h 7 > Time i ■ Cf. part-time job shopping class you dog souvenir child rice: meal picture; photograph desk-letter cat bread person temple park supermarket department store bus stop hospital hotel bookstore town: dl\ restaurant yesterday a little while ago hour one hour * Words thar appear in the dialogue % I t#a| 11** i-vxj: *j t/ I < I 1 V I L X \ tř U - v e r b s * fa i t* < * £ 5 * I -9 Jř i - v e r b Adverbs * & & ** * $ < 9 Š * u u Location * i Ž, (Wh ■'■ .-.^ last week = when . . . ; at the time of . . . (-CO) % Bg a Monday a Tuesday 3 Wednesday >MJ = Thursda\ £ag B Friday #^ to meet: to see (a person) (person (-) there is . . . (—#*) H ■? to buy # < to write (person i~ thing fj) IRS to take (pictures) (-— £) j|*a to wait (—ft) to understand £**" ^) (a person) is in ... ; stays at . [place I-) and Other Expressions about (approximate measurement) I'm sorry, so; therefore many; a lot together with (a person) why — KX' alone Hel So? (used on the phone) Words £ right É left front back ( — CO) inside { — CD) Jl on (-CO) 0 Lfz T under f***jfi$ •f(f near (*"■*#>) H next ( —iO) §*«JB I between (.4 gj| g@ | J there Z Z here v ■ _ y X Grammar <3^ 5 f X ') 3 i~ means "there is/are X (nonliving thing)." The particle introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use h 0 i ~f when you want to say that there is something at a certain location. I>KC77 K -J" U- K ') It, 77«ws 0 McDonald's over there. Note that & ') I i~ is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three counts. One, it calls for the particle It, rather than "C, for the place description. Two, the place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle #*, rather than (i. You can also use h r) £ i~ to say that you have or own something.1 t We also use » ') i t when we want to say that an event will take place. ^^ESi-TXh^,*^)')i"fi, There will be an exam on Tuesday. jfeji V ft liS ^119 7 X fi* h 0 $ -if/uc There will be no Japanese class tomorrow. When you want to present a person or some other sentient being, rather than a thing, you 3 need to use the verb ^ST. Thus. 'Note the difference between: tV \lW$> 0 £ (I don't have a TV), the negative version of r V t-'o£> ') £ ~t, and r U b" L' ^ & 0 { -tf^ (It isn't a TV), the negative version of T V t"C"f. 2In a minor detail which wp will not discuss any further here, when h 1 £ ~t~ is used in the sense of an event taking place, the place description is followed by the particle X\ like normal verbs and unlike the other uses of th ') £~f. Note also that some time expressions (such as H «g Hi:) come with die particle iz, and some others (such as h I /;) do not Isee Lesson i:!). The rule applies to the h '1 £ T sentences as well. 3\'ote that the same verb "is" in English comes out differently in Japanese: h if Z v £ -fB There is an international student over /here *T U — . .l/f/>;v /.v r/M international student. If* i "f and fe1) i t are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while *C"t is for description of an attribute of a person or I thing. There's an international student over there. (place L) thing SOU I person # I^"3" There is I are . . . Describing Where Things Are We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X. you can use the word H' (where) and say X ii^ZX'i^r. Where's McDonald's? In response, one can. of course, point and say: fa € c McDonald's is over there. right there near yon. right here. In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in "X is in front of Y." The Japanese version looks like X (i Y 11. (-7 7 Y -f- IV K (i) fa CO -fv < - J. i?) ^ -c-fo /f's m //-oh/ of that department store. Oilier useful words describing locations are as follows: location words V-tzD btz /o the left of in front of behind X is | inside on'above under • beneath near }iext to X is betiveen Y and Z. The bank is next to the library, umbrella is under the table. TVze restaurant is between the department store and the hospital. One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that occurs in the place. To use these phrases with verbs such as fc^^ and ?#"->. one will need the particle f". / waited for Mary in front of the IIuugen-Dazs place. #>1 Past Tense The past tense forms of verbs look like the following, where — stands for the stem of a verb. present tense past tense affirmative negative / 7" 'J — ~ As 'i^L^ ^ iattl'lip ') 3 L /ic Mary returned home at about nine. / tf/V/ i-/«i/v Japanese yesterday. The various details of formation of the lony forms that we learned in Lesson 3, like the w-verb/w-verb/irrcgular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense forms as well. 1 Another word for '"near"' that is also commonly used is hfr < . 5Both XliYco 1 C ') T r arid X.iY^J: - t'~f describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side. For a K 11 sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be X z in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct. ~ "SfSrli M U X Z X"t, The telephone is by the restrmnn, x t SUM u T) y t£ i) -c-f, (odd) The past tense versions of "X ii Y '0'1~" sentences look like the following. present tense past tense affirmative negative 0,T fcs. (i ifcffi ^ ± -C L tz0 J/>-. Ya mash i ta /ras a student at Tozai Un // Japanese movie. Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese, if you want to add a quantity word like tz C IB the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle k. uu [ tz < 3/v^&£ ' - ■ I1) Í Lf;„ / took many pictures in Kyoto. I ate a Jot of vegetables. -mm US V ttfu The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, like —a%fa.. Such a noun stands alone (that is. not followed by any particle) and usually appears immediately before the verb. Mary waited for Takeshi there for an hoar. Eor an approximate measurement, you can add <* h ^ after —af fr1]. "As was the case with tho present tense I' r & ') £ ttL. written language would more likely have h '} | V I h. instead of the contracted form L' f> 1 £ ^A."CL 7As we learned in Lesson 3. for "at about a certain time" we have another word Z"?->. / studied Japanese for about three hours yesterday. O i The particle t has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A and B. H^-I^^^:ii-$:«LŽ"^ 2 speak Japanese and English. 5 Í L fc, 7 NttM* Kb Kyoio atid Osaka. The other meaning of t is "together with": it describes with itiiom you do something. M r -o. x.~ is like the incredulous "what?" that you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe. h-r> is used when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something. The small i at the end of these little words indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short. — BifH^ f- (half) appears after the unit word like ffjfiii. Thus, "two hours and i half" is :=B*Mf-, rather than ~ E >.' fl'iLil/. tZ 11A L' ti-1. i> L t L is "hello," which is used only in telephone conversations. Some people use t> L i> L when they place a call. Some other people use it when they receive a call. I 8 Practice A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using foO^^ or USHF, B. Answer the following questions. 6. (classroom) U tfi\ 7. S&sftBI (zoo) teil*vrlf^ 8. (country) £*f#411 If C. Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions. [^)| School After School Monday French English Computer Tuesday History club activity Wednesday French English Computer Thursday History club activity Friday English (TEST) party Saturday XO SCHOOL date Sunday NO SCHOOL part-time job club activity 7 7 7' party t < — t i — test fXY Example: Q : % B lz 7 -7 > Xfg-« 7 7 X ¥h 0 £ t^ = 1. n usa 7 7 **** ') 1 2. «a i:n > tfa.-? f m*& q | $£K 3. ^Bia 1:77 >xl|«77 n J "ftS 4. ±%3a 1:77 x**jfe 0 | f"#% 5. ?K^a ufW* ') 2 tMK g. £*%a\zWh 0 5-f i)\ 7. anga 0 D. Pair Work—Write down your next week's schedule and ask each other what plans you have on each day of the week. Example: A : nHBKWh '1 I Your Schedule Your Partner's Schedule Ufa 1 i - > 0 A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. |^J) Example: Mistt i. 2. °$L&% 3. >lcr>Z ta ') X"f0 - 1 i Ts i2 Ii K r 5 > L . . . S -- \ i . ■ t ■ ■ 1 8 ■ ■ • X Ask where the following places arc. 2. *> *'<#v- 5. J*T^±^#Hti@^*CL/=*'c B. Pair Work—Guessing game Ask questions and find out the prices your partner has chosen. 1. Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and mark it. 2. Tn each row. use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen. 3. You can ask at most two questions with one item. If you have guessed correctly the price your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give away the right answer when you ask a wrong question. 4. When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch roles with your partner and answer their questions. 5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner. Example: A : ^i-iaii-^RtU;^ A : -*fiffltife#, \'*>t A. Z tKKA. B : m\ %4 Tt* ¥5.000 ¥ 10.000 Y15.000 ¥20.000 ¥600 ¥1,000 ¥1,300 ¥2,000 ¥1,600 ¥2,000 ¥2,400 ¥3,000 ¥3,500 ¥ 1.000 ¥6,500 Y8.000 ¥3,000 ¥10,000 ¥17,000 Y25.000 C. Pair Work—Suppose you got one thing as a birthday present and choose it from the items on the next page. Your partner guesses what you got. Answer your partner's questions. Example: B \ ~7Vli> YWMtM^ik^m A : jcx.. W ICC A. Change the following verbs into and —£1*/u"CL/fc. M Example: fc«<4 ' Ac | L fe 1. Ii^-r 2. M 3. £H 4. **< 5. < i 6. | o 7. ||.1S 8. |#| 9. 10. £1 11. $£ 12. *a£ 13. 5< 14. 15. «0t; B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. (jjj Example: / 7 ') - 5 L it % %3 0 (: EU # It & & LU/:: Ex. Monday (1) Tuesday (2) 'Wednesday (3) Thursday in the libran at home at school at a coffee shop (1) Friday (o) Saturday (6) Sunday at a friend's house in Kyoto at a department store Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions, [gj Example: Q: JHP l)*-#Jt«ift^Bl=»#»^*.t t L£&* A : ttv\ L 3 Lfe, Q : / r >j - ^ A :s e Eg a ::a^iii HI L A : m^, I^^UtL 1. / t 1 / 7' 1 & / T ' / f i i - ?^(i^■flSB{ 5. / 7 1 6. J - 3 A !2 B Bfi a 1 *Xv«i L 5 L/i£\; *• in Look at the pictures above and answer the questions. Example: Q : / T ') - * *-*Tt L I L fe#% A : ®&nx-S&&l£ lib* 1. / r 1 )-*/i;i'KBHB;:fa£ Li Itzi-. 2. / t 1 J /Cli^a L 1 L 3. / 7 1 1 ~f jM&**<£M£JII L 1. / f 1 i). / t 1 j — ^ /u Bi:>:': rut/v 1 1 L fc*-3 6. / T 1 Pair Work—Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc. Example: A ! HHUBHJ L&K B:fz^JLi ► SB-stats Z iLh ISA/ Pair Work—Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school. Example: A 5 ^ «*>«*/;«J*t<9"* X < ^ £ .$ L A*\, b : !i \ i < g|4> j: L fc, ^^x, ht') jr-t^-CL Ac 6. f-'- Y Z-fZ i < E | if | ** '1 I i Life A. Compare sentences (a) and (b), and change sentence (b) using £. Example: (a) > '< - if— \X — W R T* 1~„ (b) -» 3-h-^-fJHTl-3 1. (a) Alt L tilt* J L Ac (b) A 11 I ^ /C (i bHlL & K ^ Jc L A 2. (a) o / <- h yvliH £ & l £ t„ (b) /r 9.^$<&&&M€4t)ftL*?'* | (a) A It I ^/Ji±10|:r;^q h £ L | 1\ (b) A i-r l I & a S 1 b (i T «4 r £ l 11„ 4. (a) 7' M — ^? X. iJ: ^ X'B^mZUls. t-. (b) / r^^af^ta^tlsLif: 5. (a) &IA, (b) h LA, #f "J -H!iX-^/vi:^>lto 6. (a) fciS, LL I - ?f * i ^ X' L A, (b) MH« IX isjf "$ L A. B. Describe the pictures using fc. jrx_ f | ti: (7) (8) (9) vn £ X 2. 4. mr ja- * Pair Work vn B. Example: A : *f X f f b (basketball) £ L | B : l^-*tF#Äfc A : influx B's Schedule 6 p. t* ■ Jo^21 i*J X MOW $-fucfy in -t-Ue, library i v/ED Dinner -frier's Uou.se T Ff?/ SAT Locations i ^ n A D ays/Weeks / Months/Years Days BH a km a a £3g a ±ia 1 2 3 4 5 6 w *»* 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 L'uni 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 U>-5 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 [:LV<7X[:*> 28 29 30 31 Months Ujßm {van) - z&m. {MM) Time Words -January -February March April -May -June July -August -September October L'^n^U^ (-h— )—November L* t-D 1 {-fro (-f-—^) December Day Week Month Year n Z £ v % t ^ i the day before yesterday the week before last the month before last the year before last $n ma) (**) yesterday last week last month last year ^J:1 (^a) zzi today this week this month this year bV>|fO (*M) tomorrow next week next month next year ClfiH) the day after tomorrow the week after next the month after next the year after next