(| L      E      s      s o
Sfil^fj ^      t0 Okinawa
N
IS   D  i a
o g  u e
0
IJ Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa.
4 It      :      {frfTl L Jc i,
Hi
* * *
-f
s it &: mi < &f)
Si*
At the post office.
4
On Monday at school. 3 tz '.11 :      I        f^N^ If < I *        fcfHfcMMt lift*** 1?
* feltL ! ......
Robert: Nice weather. Ken: Yes. But it is a little hot. Robert: Wow. beautiful sea! Ken: Let's swim.
...
Ken: What kind uf sports do you like. Robert? Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow? Ken: But isn't it difficult? Robert: No.
Robert: Excuse me. How much is a postcard to Britain? Person at the post office: 70 yen.
Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, please. And one 50-yen stamp, please.
®
Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard. Did you enjoy the trip? Robert: Yes. The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa.
Takeshi: Good. I like the sea very much. loo. Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No. it wasn't so expensive. How was your date. Takeshi? Takeshi: . . .
®
Nouns
* i &
* I £ i£
* -fr —7 g > L ^> < £\i
1^1) I 0
* jfjgK)
* U t T |
* UN
* 1 j;i
taw.
a b
HIT
Myl, a
i
3tUf
u
=5 pp
I
U - adjectives
It L ^
(& £ ^ |$ (, i
'h $ v I
postal stamps
ticket
surfing
homework
fond
birthday
test
weather
drink
postcard
bus
airplane room
I {used by men) holiday: day off; absence travel
new
hot (weather) hot (objects) busy (people/days) large
interesting frightening
cold (weather—not used for
objects)
fun
small
boring
old (thing—not used for people) difficult
' Words fhot appsor in rhc dialogue
3S5 3H (w)
-y3 £ L ^% easy (problem); kind (person)
Jf^-f^.^ jpfc* inexpensive: cheap (thing)
^■adjectives
H^(i') l(M disgusted with; to dislike
(-£>*)
* || ft k»( &) beautiful; clean If/vM^*)               Tttft healthy; energetic ItXk)               MP quiet
fc 9f$ fond of; to like
ft?M I h^"(fx) &NIV * tO hate
* H1" I ( &) ^ I very fond of; to love
lively
A/f handsome
V- £ (§5) not busy; to have a lot of free time (/-verbs
* H X <* & 0" to swim
5 ( fe\ ( to ask    (person I-)
<D%> ill to ride; to board (~f-)
* ^5 to do; to perform
ff u - v e r b
T4*tt$ to go out
Adverbs    and    Other Expressions
V * o L J: I - — H i - together
* >|*&)ft*4 and then
* 8|V» L* i $ «|S It's okay.; Not to worry.;
Everything is under control. iHE | very i?A, $ what kind of . . .
* m I w [counter for flat objects!
* ~ i "C to (a place): as far as (a place); till
(a time)
X J£ Grammar
^ Adjectives
■
There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called "t ^-adjectives," and the other type " $-adjectives." ^ and $ are their last syllables when they modify nouns.
^ ''-adjectives: & & L h \ )J&M   an interesting movie
%&^\ j^t L^^^Dil,! L/io     / WtftO an interesting movie yesterday.
^- <fz> \ ^ $L £   « scary tear tier
^.'-adjectives:
^    v. * a beautiful picture
/jC£p"C^ tl^t'?^^1) I L/;0     / too/i" r/ beautiful picture in Kyoto.
Tt^^Tt^L        energetic teacher
ubTTtiiaTCfi.^Tti'C'T'c     Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher.
Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation palierns.
IVadjectives >> ^-adjectives change shape as follows. You will want to be very careful here, because the pattern is rather complicated.
Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher.
affirmative
negative
present
// is interesting.
It is not in teres ling.
past
It was interesting.   It teas not interesting.
It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: (j L 5>H'-o fe "C"f is " past+affirmative," while (fcfc L h) < A g UtA, tltt is "negative-past.1"
Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective t«w (good). The first syllable of is changed to J: in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form/
l\L\ (irregular)	affirmative	negative
present		
past		
		
t£-adjectives The conjugation pattern of 4'-adjectives is much more straightforward. It actually is exactly the same as the conjugation table of which follows a noun, as discussed in Lesson 4.
present past
affirmative
ah a-
She is healthy.
tth * -
negative
\Jh If----
She is not healthy.
She was healthy.     She was not Jiealthy.
The final syllable & is dropped in these long forms of &-adjectives.
1Some speakers; follow » more regular conjugation, where X'i~ is inert in both polarities. For these speakers, the char I looks like the following:
affimative negative present *"4fe*'*^tt' past fzX"t     ifr < Wfc-* fzX"T
aThere actually are alternate forms, J: *1 and X ^«1C*~f\ but they are much less frequently used than i1*1 and u^ft.
3As with    adjectives, some speakers prefer an alternative paradigm, such as the following: affirmative negative present       *» X ~t ■* L" # & t1 "C'i'
past ~ X- I t~. — L' <e ft A* -> tz X~t
In this lesson, we learn two ^-adjectives that are very important from the grammatical point of view. They are *J $ (ft) (to be fond of: to like), and | ^ ^(£) (to be disgusted with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the
4
particles (<£ and #\ respectively.
x i* y m jt -c?To		£fr#3 \
	X 1	
1 $bLl 1		dislikes 1
a / <— k $ ^|i Q *f§«9 7 7 X^J'4f J -C"t0 tfofor/ tikes his Japanese classes. ub T ±± li ®    * b ^ *C*i"0 Professor YamashUa dislikes fish.
The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using
these words in reference to vour preference for a specific person, how ever, because *f 5
a I
"Ci" is usually taken to be an admission of one's ronunitic interest.
Let us note three more things about and * h v- * (ft) before we go on. One. if > oli
like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of HJMf't and H^tt. namely,       $ "Ci" and       b^"C*i~. These forms are more
common than the combinations of     ^ ( &) and 5 b ^ ( ft) and the degree modifier
t
E *C &, to which we will turn shortly.
Two. when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say:
If 11* t i ir> |v£ t £ ') $14       / ner/Aer //Ac war tffcl.
1
Three, you can use $f ^ & and jJL&fV*<fc as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say things like:
"In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle II is used instead of A\ Thus,
*AliIf*tt* * h^X-t,        I like vegetables, but I don't like merit.
5ln the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle *9 - H    can replace **, Thus,
- T -"f
Takeshi is in lore with Marx.
- tllifc <r>*% ^fxT V h'-C"?*e This is my favorite TV program.
Degree Expressions
If you want to say things like "very hot." and "a little hot," you can add "degree adverbs" like E-tMi (very) and      •>£ (a little; slightly) before adjectives.
;t#fcW&li £ X i $ fU     L fe<        FA« sra KWS rery beautiful in Okinawa.
H±Zi>      A ft
z «sp£ n % x * K # v *3?NF,        77//s wow & i Sftfe in*
Instead of having C"C'i added to them. #f $ (Cc) and ^ b have their own inten-
sified forms, (like \ery much) and a I (hate).
fz a 114 £ 3 -1 -#*&if I -cto
Takeshi likes coffee a lot.
* a * /», ii & o g -)    | <^ i st#;
A7/« /w/es ««//o fa Japanese fermented soybean delicacy).
Take a long form of a verb and replace the ending with H l i or ä L ii *■ and you will get the Japanese expression for "let's . . .." which you can use to suggest a plan of action.
Let's study in the library together.
we drink coffee at a coffee shop?
Counting
There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. One, we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Two, number words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence.
'J - 5 A, (i   yj    £ K ^ £ I tza Lee bought three stamps,
item number
The number word, —fa, is made up of the numeral — and the "counter" fa. This counter is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessons —for people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth.
mms—k	Expression Notesfhj
	
ttLflVk-t^V^ftt) MCtA* is used when we describe people and is not used for places. \\ hen you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use
Takeshi is busy. Tokyo is busy/'lively.
Note lhat the sentence below is also acceptable, since the subject "I" is omitted in the sentence.
I am busy on Sunday.
H !§ Practice
A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives, ffil
Example:   f:A'^ —
1. f*f*J        2. 3. 4. f^tU^    5. oH^'^
8, v>#**Lv>  7. lb l"f>&  9. K$&fr%  10. $&*'K4!
11.
B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. 0 Example:   frfl*   -* ^t<<fc');i^
1. S&V*      2. J.        3. 1. bfzbl^   5. t;-f>l^
I, 7. in*     8. li io.
II. ^
C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example:   - n   ft Ii £ ^ T1%
Ex.
(2)
I
D. Answer the following questions.
Example:   Q : B ^%<7) 7?X l±U I \.^X~tfra
i. 2. Lv*W**»
C It A.       ft       1*3 i: 11A       ft       t« iW
E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner.
Example: 3Mf|V*$
5. &o 6. tt      7. 7t$,& 8. ^It'
F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner.
Example:   T X h tfjte I < & 0 $ \3 ? t fc^Tti
1.
4. fA«SPS(i
2.
5. *<Ui
3, f) «A(i
1 ^rM ti
A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. |^Jl
-   (£& I f L /■-
11. Vlt'
Example: tzti***^
B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives. Q
Example:   ^ t ^       -» < * $ i. fc
6. im^    k %i##Lv« 8. 9. fc^JSwfc io.
11. &i ft
C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memo and make sentences.
Ex. Okinawa—hot
1. food-nof expensive
2. food—delicious
3. hotel—not big
4. hotel—new
5. restaurant—not quiet
6. sea—beautiful
7. surfing—interesting
Example:
D. Pair Work—Use the chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts. A and B are talking about A's vacation.
Example:  A is Robert.
B : 1 ') ti tLf;^
Ex. Robert	went to Okinawa	very hot
(1) Man	saw a movie	scary
(2) Takeshi	stayed home (n fef£**#|	very boring
(3) Sue	went to a party	not fun
(4) Mr. Yamashila	went to flea market ("7 M — "91 — ^ y r-)	not cheap
(5) &		
A. Look at the pictures and make comments on them.
Example: -» W'V*l|lfTtttlBL
(1) *Ť>1
(2) rut
(6) *T
(7) ft&
y
B. Answer the questions using the given cues. ftfl
Example:   Q : / T ])
A : / T 'J
Ex. / r 'j -
(1) x-
(2) h
(3)    t-t L
kind
beautiful
interesting
energetic
A. Pair Work—Choose the items from the following categories and ask your partners whether they like them.
1. Foods: meat/& o £ $ (fermented beans)//ice cream (7M X7 '1 — A)
2. Sports: aerobics (-*■7*a t'7 x)/skiiiiK (A ^r~)/skating (x^r-H
3. Music: hard rock (/wFo v 7)/jazz ( P * X)/classical music (7 v > y 7)
4. School Work: test/Japanese class/homework
5. Drinks: sake/7green tea/coffee
* If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can usefr&twtflhft H ±-\tA,„ B. Answer the following questions.
Example:  A : / r ') - 3 L £094*1$ J tff *%
l. £ A & x # - «y     £ *Ci"*».
5. a^fi^fK-r^0
A. Change the following into ^lid sentences, fjjj)
Example:   a*.i&£f£i- 9       a: If L I L i 1 «
H na r     HI i: UA : Vm
1. 7 2. fc±l-W|< .3. MltJ^i
7. fkjfi 8. SMfHi 9. '<&tC4fcl
B. Pair Work—Make follow-up suggestions using iM#Jfc£J#,
Example: fljtVV^NSl,
it
1. #^"Cl~;fa0
6. | I /--(if-X !>**$ ') | $ffc,
vi ^d:^)0^^ (Review Exercises)
A. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions.
1. Were you busy last week?
2. Were you fine last week?
3. Was your high school big/old?
4. Was your watch expensive?
5. Is your bag new?
6. Is your room small/clean?
7. Is your teacher kind?
B. Class Activity—Show and tell
Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, what you did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip.
C. Role Play—Using Dialogue H as a model, buy some stamps and postcards.
m
ten
At   the   Post Of
Useful Expressions
INK ^ l.f/.A.
f i c
e
CV/w yw/ /tfA'c care o/~ please? Give me three 50-yen stamps, please. Make this (an airmail), please. How many days will it take? It will be 150 yen. Another 100 yen, please.
Useful Vocabulary
counter liir J postcard 'bS parcel tnLSiifL airmail
i^fk insurance
[i .*./.
iJv eb - registered mail
*>  t   li >
_ 50
in
fell
stamp
aerogramme letter
surface mail special delivery
Stamps
Postcard
Customer \
Shop clerk
Customer :
Shop clerk
Customer
Shop clerk
Excuse me. I'd like a reprint, please. Certainly. Would the glossy finish be all right?
Customer
Shop clerk
Please fill in your name and telephone number here.
UVzeJi       // 6^ ready?
iY «'/// ftp rarrfy a/ o'clock on the 15th.
Please bring this receipt.
/Iff 77£-///. Thank you.
Thank you eery much.
Useful Vocabulary
'^;MhL - —reprint
JJUI*. - —development
v£;R<£> ')---glossv finish
- i ft {
yfc;Xfr L - - —mat finish
7"'J > h-
panoramic
slide
print
date/time something is ready ~7 4 ^ L
24-print roll disposable camera
Wm
negative film battery receipt