EATING DISORDER-ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Nuria Rozas López
Counselling Psychology
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1. DEFINITION OF ANOREXIA
•TERM
• “Anorexia Nervosa” (Latin): Literally means nervous loss of appetite.
•THEORIES
•Medicine and bioscience:
•     Psysical problem, predisposition or illness
•
•Psychology:
•      Consecuence of self-Esteem, body image distorsion, a compulsive desire for thinnes.
•
•Feminist Writers:
•     Consequence of social, cultural and political circumstances.
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ICD-10
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
•
•The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)  is the standard diagnostic tool for
epidemiology, health management and clinical purposes and came into use in WHO Member States as
from 1994.
•
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F50.0 - Anorexia Nervosa
•      A disorder characterized by deliberate weight loss, induced and  sustained by the patient.
It occurs most commonly in adolescent girls and  young women, but adolescent boys and young men may
also be  affected, as may children approaching puberty and older women up to the menopause.
•
•     The symptoms include restricted dietary choice, excessive exercise, induced vomiting and
purgation, and use of  appetite suppressants and diuretics.
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DSM-5
Diagnostic Criteria
•   Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the standard classification of
mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the USA and other countries.
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Diagnostic of Anorexia
(DSM-IV)
•Refusal to maintain a minimum weight of at least 85% expected for the person’s age and height
• Intense fear of becoming fat
•Misperception of one’s weight and shape
•Cessation of menstruation (i.e. amenorrhea)
•
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Subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa
•RESTRICTOR TYPE:
•Limit food and exercise
•
•“BINGE-EATING/ PURGING EATING” ANOREXIA:
•Laxatives or vomits
•(*Not confused with bulimia)
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It affects men too
•“Jeremy Gillitzer, male eating disorder sufferer,
•dead at 38”
•
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•
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•From the fourth century
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•Religious interpretations: Demonic possesion or demostration of devotion and self-sacrifice
 In 1964, first medical reference
But was Willian Gull-19th century. Conference in Oxford
2. HISTORY OF ANOREXIA

•
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In the early 19th century, anorexia nervosa begins to be from a view endocrinological and in 1914 a
German pathologist, describes a cachectic patient who at autopsy was found a pituitary destruction.
shz2

•
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During the next 30 years, confusion prevailed among pituitary failure and anorexia nervosa. From
the 30s, anorexia nervosa passes mainly studied from the psychological point of view, being
forgotten ancient discussions of endocrine or psychological disorder.
Moda, años 30 http://www.el-mundo.es/larevista/num180/imagenes/moda1.jpg

3.FOOD CHOICE
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                       4.CAUSES
A) Cultural Socialization
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•    Cultural messages also express gender-based expectations, tying “femininity” and “masculinity”
to certain physical attributes.
•
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3. Changes in the canons of beauty
•In primitive societies preferred the fat woman, because it was a symbol of fertility, prestige and
high status.
•
•During the Middle Ages, was the fact fatten symbol of wealth and health. The appeal focused on the
external ornamentation and not in the body.
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•In the XV to XVII centuries is still assessing the plump woman with big hips
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•
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XX Century
•In the 20th curves to appreciate what is left straight.
•In the 50th curves back.
•In the furor caused 70th "Tweggy" (thin model) phenomenon is implanted until our days.
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MASS MEDIA
•Lose weight effortlessly. Media also contribute to advertising clothing, cosmetics etc. and the
presence of entertainers and fashion models that leads many women to think "if she looks like that
I'll also" (at any cost, even that of one's health).
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cgad4[1] cosmo_02_2002

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CIBELES, BEFORE AND AFTER SETTING A MINIMUM WEIGHT. At left, a model on the catwalk in 2004. To the
right, a mannequin parade in 2006.

Example of advertising campaign of H&M
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B) Personality factors
•Poor self-esteem.
•Lack of social support.
•Perfectionism.
•Public body-consciousness (body surveillance).
• Insecure interpersonal attachment system.
•Gender-role attitudes and values.
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depresión

C) Educational Factors
•The family plays a very important role here,
•   excessive protectionism leaves little initiative to the individual, so that the children are
not educated to learn to face life, is encouraged by the lack of skills to take progressively more
important decisions.
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mama

5.TREATMENT
ØCorrection of malnutrition and mental disorders patient
•STEP 1
ØFirst, the objective is to achieve a rapid weight gain and recovery of eating habits, as they may
carry an increased risk of death.
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TREATMENT
•Anorexia is a psychiatric illness and should be treated as such.
•
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SOURCES
•OGJDEN, J. (2010). The psychology of eating: From healthy to disordered behavior (2nd ed.).
Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
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•CHRISTINE H.(2007). Inside Anorexia: The experiences of girls and their families.
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•Institute of Nutrition and Eating Disorders, Community of Madrid (2010). A,B,C…Anorexia, bulimia
and compulsive overeating. Manual for Teachers.
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•American Psychiatric Association (1994). DSM IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Eating
Disorders. Washington.
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•GARCÍA DE BLAS, Elsa. Fashion prefer skeletons [online]. In: El País. - June 30, 2013
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•American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152 (7), July 1995, p. 1073-1074, Sullivan, Patrick F.
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•GRETA NOORDENBOX (2002) Characteristics and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Eating Disorders.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, Volume 10: 15-29, 2002
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!
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