(Dl
«211 L     E s
Éfiife© Shopping
N
ti^t) D
a
o g  u e
o
I 1 Mary goes to a flea market.
*> i n >• i/TV—:
Mearii
Mise no hitu
3 s T »J - :
Mearii
Mise no hitu
nil.'
5 y r g - :
Mearii
Mise no hi In
*>!>•>••
7 ^ 7 ') - :
Mearii
Sumimasen. Koro wa ikura desu ka. Sore wa   sanzen en desu.
Takai desu ne.
laa,
ano tokce wa
Are wa    sanzengohyaku en desu.
500 desu ka.
Are mo    lakai desu ne.
Koře wa   senhappyaku en desu yo.
laa.
sono tokee o
kudasai.
A man finds a wallet on the ground.
8 L jM£i(V$M£
Shiranai hito
9 / r 'J - :
Mearii
Koro wa   dare no   saifu desu ka. Watashi no   saifu desu. Arigatoo gozaimasu.
ikura desu ka.
©
After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant.
Ueetoresu Irasshaimase. Menyuu o doozo.
Mearii Doomo.     Kore wa   nan děsu ka.
Ueetaresu Doře děsu ka.     Aa,        tonkatsu desu.
Mearii Tonkatsu? Sakana desu ka.
Ueetoresu lie, sakana ja arimasen. Niku desu.      Oishii desu yo.
Mearii )aa, kore o onegaishimasu.
* * I
7 / r <j - : itÉ.^wI IfSlHhi**
Mearii Sumimasen,        otearai wa doko desu ka.
Ueetoresu Asoko desu.
©
Mary: Excuse me. How much is this? Vendor: It is 3.000 yen.
Mary: It's expensive. Well then, how much is that watch?
Vendor: That is 3,500 yen.
Mary: I see. That is expensive, too.
Vendor: This is 1.800 yen.
Mary: Then. I'll take that watch.
* *
Stranger: Whose wallet is this?
Mary: It's my wallet. Thank you very much.
Waitress: Welcome. Here's the menu. Mary: Thank you. What is this?
Waitress: Which one? Oh. it is tonkatsu (pork cutlet). Mary: Tonkatsu'i Is it fish?
Waitress: No, it is not fish. It is meat. It is delicious. Mary: Then, I'll have this.
* f I
Mary: Excuse me. Where is the restroom? Waitress: It is over there.
fa
b u
That
Point
kore
sore
are
dore
kono
sono
ano
dono
asoko
doko
dare
this one that one
that one (over there) which one this . . . that . . .
that . . . (over there)
which , , .
over there
where
who
oishii
sakana
tonkatsu
niku
menyuu
yasai
delicious fish
pork cutlet meat menu vegetable
V   »'   A T
l'l 1
enpitsu
kasa
kaban
kutsu
saitu
jiinzu
jisho
jitensha
shinbun
teepu
tokee
toreenaa
pencil
umbrella
bag
shoes
wallet
jeans
dictionary
bicycle
newspaper
tape
watch: clock sweat shirt
__'
« Words fhaf appear in the dialogue
	/-> » H t < >	nooto pen	notebook pen
		booshi	hat; cap
		hon	book
p	1 a < e s		
*		otearai	restronm
		kissaten	cafe
		ginkoo	bank
		toshokan	library
		yuubinkyoku	post office
c	ounlries		
		Amerika	
	1 f 'J X	Igirisu	Britain
		Kankoku	Korea
	*> * -7 -I* <	Chuugoku	China
M	a | o r s		
		keezai	economics
	3 > b & - 9 -b' ->* * X if ( M &i l	konpyuutaa bijinesu rekishi	computer business history
F	a m i 1 y		
		okaasan	mother
		otoosan	father
M	o n e y Mat	t e r s	
•		ikura	how much
		... en	. , . yen
m		takai	expensive
Expressions
irasshaimase Welcome (to our store)
{... o) onegaishimasu. . . , please. ( . . . o) kudasai     Please give mc . . . jaa then . . . : if that is the
case, ...
( . . . o) doozo      Here it is. doomo Thank you.
©
&fo\$z> Grammar — zn    %n £ti
What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of? We say "this tiling,*' "that one," and so forth. In Japanese, we use kore, sore, and arc.
Zflii kf'i How much is this?
Kore wa   ikura desu ka. Sore wa   sanzen en desu.
Kore refers to a thing that is close to you. the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and are refers to a thing that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over there").
&*U3 htzlto -OX'to Arc wa    watashi no   pen desu.
Kore wa   watashi no   pen desu. Sore wa   watashi no   pen desu.
There is also an expression dore for "which," Here we will learn to use dore in sentences like:
bore desu ka.
Which one is it (that yon are talking about)?
In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can be put to use, because there is a slight complication with question words like dore. Question words like dore and mini cannot be followed by the particle wa. Instead, you must use the particle ga and say:
- .
¥i\¥ ht£tz<D O it i"£*0 Which one is your pen?
Dore ga   anata no      pen desu ka.
gl  ZO/ZCD/ftO/tiO + noun
If you want to be slightly more specific than koret sore, and are, you can use kono, sono, and ano together with a noun. (Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the no scries must always be followed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is a watch Uokee). instead of:
j&j&tt %H btt*'0 How much is this?
Kore wa   ikura desu ka. you can say:
gjgr&tiE\»* < b"t"f*'0 How much is this watch?
Kono lokee wa      ikura desu ka.
Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you can say:
jMj-g tfVNa §-&^:&M&itf$ That watch is 3,000 yen,
Sono tokee wa      sanzen en desu.
And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:
%if VMS % L^ck Zl V+ < Z.A,X'i~0     That watch over there is 3,500 yen.
Ano tokee wa       sanzengohyaku en desu.
If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, you can say:
£j£> g tf^*# %4$&fe£iM(. i Which watch is 3,500 yen?
Dono tokee ga      sanzengohyaku en desu ka.
Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, wc cannot use the particle wa with it: we must use ga.
To summarize:
zti GHH	3© noun (lä—)	close to the person speaking
	-Eßnoun (IS—)	close to the person listening
	SCO noun (lí—)	far from both people
dti jpNJ	PÍ noun PN?	unknown
AftMZ) noun
In Lesson 1. we learned how to say things like Mearii san no demca bangoo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi san no okaasan (Takeshi's mother). We now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose," we simply add the parLicle no.
Kore wa   dare no   kaban desu ka.
Whose bag is this?
Sore wa   Suu ^an no      kaban desu.
That is Sue's bag.
33 *£3 32>"£3 £3
We will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lesson: koko, soko, asoko, and doko are words for places.
Z z	here, near me
zz	there, near you
	over there
cíz Z	where
You can ask for directions by saying:
Sumimasen,       yuubinkyoku wa doko desu ka.
Excuse me, where is the post office?
If you are close by, you can point toword the post office and say: O 1 IF A, b 1 < (i) h % Z -Ci"0 (The post office is) right over there.
(Yuubinkyoku wa) asoko desu.
We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson 4.
02m<.
noun =fc
In Lesson 1. we learned how to say "Item A is this, item B is that." We now learn how to say "Item A is this, and item B is this, too."
Takeshi san wa nlhnnjin desu. Michiko san mo    nihonjin desu.
Takeshi is a Jap finese person.
Michiko is Japanese, too.
Note that these two sentences are almost identical in shape. This is natural, as they both claim (.hat a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first in that we do not find the particle wa in it. AVe have mo instead. Mo is a particle that indicates that that item, too, has the given property. One thing that you should watch out for is exactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can be placed after the sentence as a whole, as in the example above. Not so in Japanese. In the above example, mo must directly follow Michiko san.
i a; ii  x rtc	
	A is X.
m % [i rTo	B too is X.
	
two items   shared property1	
MSM   noun V-P^D^Mh
To negate a statement of the form A' wa Y desu, where Y ts a noun, you replace desu with ja arimasen?
6$ «■ h *) i -ttvU    Mr. Yamada is not a student.
Yamada san wa     gakusee ja arimasen.
1\Ve cannot use ma to describe a situation tike the following: Our friend. Pat, has dual citizenship; Pat is a Japanese, but at the same time, she is an American. To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say. Patio mo umerikajin desu. because the sentence would mean that Pat, in addition to somebody that has been mentioned, is an American. Neither can we say, Patto wa amerikajin mo desu. {Japanese speakers would say. Path/ tra amerikajin demo arimasu.)
2In the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with desu, which call for special attention: Are mo iakai desu ne (That one too is expensive), and Oisiiii desu yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing desu with ja arimasen, because iakai and oisiiii are not nouns. Are mo takai ja arimasen and oisiiii ja arimase.n are therefore not grammatical. Instead, one would have to say takaku arimasen and oisiiiku arimasen. We will learn about the conjugation pattern of adjectives in Lesson 5.
®
Ja in ./« arimasen is a contraction of dewa. In written Japanese, the uneonlracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yamada sun wa gakusee dewa arimasen.
affirmative:	(X \t) Y TTo	X is Y.
negative:		X is not Y.
0 0BBI
Statements often end with the tags ne or yo, depending on the way the speaker views the interaction with the listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what has been said, then ne ("right?") could be added.
•I V
'J — 31 '&& %&&4*:$t ^/v^ < "C"f fco    Ma-, to. your major is literature, right?
KM san no        senmon wa      bungaku desu ne.
I^Lli t:<L*^&1i-£/C;te0 This is not meat, is it?
Kore wa   niku ja arimasen ne.
Another particle, yo ("I tell you"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree.
Tonkatsu wa     sakana ja arimasen yo.
Let me assure you. "Tonkatsu" is not fish.
Sumisu san wa      igirisujin desu yo.
(In case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is British.
"tltirU^ ( . . . o) kudasai is "Plea:*? give me X." You can use it to request (concrete) items in general.
("-"Sj^fe^ťiU^T^ ( • • • o) onegaisliiinasu too is a request for item X. When used to ask for a concrete object. ( . . . o) onegaislumasu sounds slightly more upscale than ( .. . o) kudasai. It is heard often when ordering food at a restaurant ("I will have ..."). ( ... o) omgaishhnusu can also be used to ask for "abstract objects." such as repairs, explanations, and understanding.
(—^ČL^D^ť f ■ . . o) doozo is used when an offer is made with respect to item X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about to hand the menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person is waiting for you to come forth with item X; a telephone operator, asking for your name, would probably say Onamae o duuzo. (O is a politeness marker. Therefore onamae is "your honorable name.")
On the pronunciation of number words ► Note that the words for 300, 600, 800, 3,000 and 8,000 involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is h, like hyaku (hundred), generally change shape after 3, 6, and 8. Some counters that begin with s, like sen (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8. Refer to the table at the end of the volume.
Big numbers ► In addition to the digit markers for tens (Juu), hundreds (hyaku), and thousands (sen), which are found in Western languages as well, Japanese uses the marker for tens of thousands (man). Thus 20,000. for example, is ninuin (-2x10,000), rather than nijuusen (-20x1,000). While the next unit marker in Western languages is one million, Japanese describes that number as 100x10.000, that is, Uyakuman.
More complicated numbers can be considered the sums of smaller numbers, as in the following examples.
234,567   =   23 X 10,000   (I L' ID -5 £ A, £ A (nijuusanman)
5x 100 6x 10 7
4X 1.000
(vonseni w V- f < Igohyaku) 5 < U (* "3 (rokujuu)
Inana)
tt/uUi^o Practice
(DlT^l/ (Numbers)
100	<	1,000		10,000	
	hyaku		sen		ichiman
200	Cf/r <	2,000		20,000	
	nlhyaku		nisen		niman
300		3,000		30,000	
	sanbyaku		sanzen		sanman
400	£A,W* <	4,000		40,000	
	yonhyaku		yonsen		yonman
500	?Pf <	5,000		50,000	
	gohyaku		gosen		go man
600		6,000	h < m&	60,000	g <
	roppyaku		rokusen		rokuman
700	<	7,000		70,000	$ $ i &
	nanahyaku		nanasen		nanaman
800		8,000		80,000	
	happyaku		hassen		hadiiman
900	b *p 1 u<> <	9,000		90,000	
	kyuuhyaku		kyuusen		kyuuman
A. Read the following numbers. @
(a) 34 i 67 (c) 83 (d) 99 ie) 125
if) 515 IS) 603 (h) 850 in 1,300 i.j) 3,400
(k) 8,900      (1) 35,000     W 64,500 (n) 92,340
B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. {^}
Example:   Q J        i± V ^ < Cy
Pen wa    ikura dcsu ka.
A : (i*> L'rt ^ jfc&t?fc
Hachijuu en desu.
SSEIM
Ex. -<>
<1) z.kVo
(2)
(3)
¥80
¥50
(4) liA
¥1,500
(8)
d2) y - h
(5)
¥600 ]
(9) L'Li
(13) tlT l
¥2,800
(6) <
¥3,500
l' i; A r
(10)
(7) £ttv*
¥10,000
(11) U t /v L f
¥20,000		¥8,000		¥9,000		¥25,000
Pair Work—One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items.
Example:   A J JLAstf-Olt ^< hX~$i>\
Enpitsu wa       ikura desu ka.
B :      < fcJtlff*
Hyaku en desu.
Picture A
¥1,200		¥36,000		¥10,000	¥
¥		¥		¥8,000		¥
A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to Ztl (/core) and -£tl (sore). @
Example 1:   Your friend ! %tll± £vC"Ci~iK
Sore wa   nan desu ka.
You :
Korc wa   pen desu.
Example 2:  Your friend :z %A,X"t4>\
Kore wa nan desu ka.
You i ffIJi  h V    f—C-f3
Sore wa   toreenaa desu.
nets*
®
B. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. Q'. Example:   Q I %A,X"tfra
Are wa    nan desu ka.
A : htiil nix ijNfc'T^i
Are wa    toshokan desu.
/ Coffee \ /     5h°p \
l
(4)
C. Pair Work—Point out five things in 1 they are using Ztl (kore), ^ztl [sore), for the vocabulary.
Example!:
Are wa     nan desu ka.
B : htlli £ Itutto
Are wa     lokee desu.
! classroom and ask your partner what ■ efcft (are). Refer to the picture on p. 53
Example 2:
A : w&*&t&»
Sorr vwj    tun: di-su ka.
1 : :tiii ^fff.
Kore wa   pen desu.
D. Pair Work—One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZO) {kono), ^(D (sono), or 35© (ano) appropriately.
Example:  Customer: Z 0)11 A, l£ V*i
Kono hon wa    ikura desu ka.
Store attendant: lz-&A,u* < £A^X'to
Nisen hyaku en desu.
Card A
¥12,600
¥2,100
¥2,100
(1)
¥7,350
Pari I. You are a store attendant. Tell Part II. You are a customer. Ask for the the customer how much each item is.        prices of items (1H5).
mem*
„
Pair Work—Point at each item below (picture A) and ask whose it is. Your partner will refer to the picture B (p. 52) and tell you who it belongs to.
Example:   A ! Ztlli tz'H<0 fr*X~?ir\
Kore vva   dare no   kasa desu ka.
B : >f rJ -$/CO mp^ifri
Mearii san no kasa desu.
Picture A
(1)
(2)
Switch roles with your partner.
(6) (?) m
(4)
(5)
Look at the pictures below and describe each picture, [^h
Example:
Otoosan wa nihonjin desu.
Okaasan mo nihonjin desu.
Ex. Japanese Father Mother
(4) £ It V > (3) vegetable (6) U. of London students
A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer the questions, (jjjj]
Example:  Q : / T'J - $lzllA,\S A,X"t*\
Mearii san wa nihonjin desu ka.
lie, nihonjin ja arimasen. Amerikajin desu.
Takeshi san wa chuugokujin desu ka. Robaato san wa        amerikajin desu ka.
Yamashita sensce wa kankokujin desu ka.
Robaato san no senrnan wa nihongo desu ka. Suu san no      senmon wa      keezai desu ka.
Takeshi san wa     Toozai daigaku no gakusee desu ka.
Mearii san wa Rondon daigaku no gakusee desu ka.
Takeshi san wa     ninensec desu ka. Suu san wa      ichinensee desu ka.
io. d/<-[hií ite/t-fr^-ei-TK
Robaato san yonensee desu ka.
	Hart, Mary	* fófc It L Kimura Takeshi	Kim, Sue	Smith, Robert	Yamashila sensee
Nationality	Ainerican	Japanese	Korean	British	Japanese
School	U. of Arizona	Tozai Univ.	Seoul Univ.	U. of London	Tozai Univ.
Major	Japanese	history	computer	business	(Japanese teacher)
Year	2nd year	4th year	3rd year	4th year	
B. Pair Work—Ask your partner whose belongings items (1) through (7) are. Your partner will refer to the picture on the next page and answer the questions.
hxample:   A : Zflii / T') — ? jC «0 ^ ^.>."C"T#*0 Ex. Kore wa   Mearii san no saifu desu ka.
lie, Mearii san no saifu ja arimasen.
Kore wa   Rii san no        saifu desu ka.
Ee,        Rii san no        saifu desu.
(2)   _ (3)
(4)
(5)
(6) M (7)
Mearii Rii Yooko
vi ^ tl^ U (0 5 (Review Exercises)
A. Rote Pfay—One student is a store attendant The other is a customer. Use Dialogue I as a model.
SB8IM
B. Role Play—One student is a waiter/wai tress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue I as a model.
Pair Work® C.
¥		¥		¥		¥3,700
¥4,500		¥9,000		¥	
Example: Customer: Z<D{IA,{1 $>*C~i'&\
Kono hon \va    ikura desu ka.
Store attendant : lz-£A,U* < £&X*-f0
Sisen hyaku en desu.
Card B
¥2,100
Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the Part II. You arc a store attendant. Tell price of items GH5). the customer how much each item is.
Pair Work m
Example:   A I Zfrli ŕžtW $*%*Tfä%
Koře wa   dare no kasa desu ka.
B : P^pfi
Mearii san no kasu desu.
Picture B
+  i a ft  i  \» í a í :
Suu Takeshi Mearii Robaato Yamashita senses
In   the Classroom
kokuban
FT
doa
bideo
7
keshigomu
kaban
Useful Expressions
Wakarimashita.
Wakarimasen.
Yukkuri        itte kudasai. Moo ichido       itte kudasai.
§ 1 o g § if % M &\
Chotto        matte kudasai.
I undei-stand./T understood.
I don't understand./I don't know.
Please speak slowly.
Please say it again.
Please wait.