CTOJKA EOJKOBCKA J1HJIJAHA MHHOBA - ŕyPKOBA JtfIMHTAP UAHZJEB /KlMlkO UBETKOBCKM OniIITA rPAMATHKA MAKE30HCKH0T JA3M CTOJKA EOJKOBCKA JTHJIJAHA M HH O BA - FY PK O BA AMMHTAP nAHJJEB >KMBKO UBETKOBCKH OniDTA rPAMATHKA HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK nPOCBETHO flEJlO Afl CKOnJE 2008 HCTOPHCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJOHCKMOT JA3HK ► nOHETOUM HA C JIO BEH CK ATA HHCMEHOCT ► CTAPOCJIOBEHCKPÍ A3EYKM ► CPEAHOBEKOBHH KHM>KEBHM 1ÜKOJ1M BO MAKE^OHUJA ► MAKEflOHCKATA BAPHJAHTA HA UPKOBHOCJIO-BEHCKMOT J A3MK ► MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK KAKO BAJTKAHCKH JA3MK ► M AKE^OHCKMOT JA3HK OJX XIV RO XVIII BEK HCTOPHCKH PA3BMTOK HA MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK 41 MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3MK BO CEMEJCTBOTO HA (jy>KHO)CJTOBEHCKMTE JA3RU.H CnopeA HCTopHCKHOT pa3BHTOK, Maia' (Diit'Kiioľ ja3HK ciiaŕa bo ceiviejcTBOTo na cjioBeiicKHTe jiniiun. Bo HayKaTa 3a jasHKOT, jajniniTe ce rpyirapaira BOJa3HHHH ceiviejcTBa, Bp3 ocHOBa Ha MeŕyceÔHaTa cpojniocT, ojhiocho Bpj ocHOBa Ha hhbhoto 3aeAHHMKO noTeKJio. Toa no/ipaiôupa rckü jašsmpsTe uito My npHnaŕaaT Ha HCToja'jiiMHoceMejcTBOHCTOpMCKHcepa3Biuieoj\e;i,eH sacími hkh npaja3HK. TaKa, C JI O R C H C K M T G jaSHip BO/HIT IIOTeKJTO Ofl QJ\ei\ iae/JHHHKH npajaiHK, koj bo HayKaTa ce HapeKyBa npacjTOBencKH (onuiTOCJioBeHCKH) ja3HK. npacjTOBCHCKHOT J33HK, nax, bojjh noTeKjio or nocTapHOT npa- HHJIOCBponCKH ja3HK. Chtc ja3Hini uito Boj^aT noTCKJio ofl npaHH^oeBponcKHOT, íh;imh h chtc cjioBencKH ja3HiiH, My npHnaŕaaT Ha tojicmoto ceMejcTBO niuio-eBponcKH jaiHHH. Oßa ceMejcTBO oncjxiKa roJieM 6poj jaiHiin tuto ce 360-pyBajie bo Eßpona h bo A3HJa, a ßeHec ce pacnpocTpaucTH h Ha jjpyniTe KOHTHHCHTH BO CBCTOT. JJeHec, ja3HUMTe ihto cnaŕaaT bo ceMejcxBOTo na cnoBencKwre ja^Mun 3a3eMaaT iinipoKa repuropuja Ha eBponcKHOT kohthhcht h o6pa3yBaaT TpH rpyíiH ja3Hirn: - jy>KHOCjioBCHCKa rpyna ja3HUH, bo Koja noxpaj MaKCjjoncKHOT, cnaŕaaT öyrapcKHOT, cpncKHOT, xpBaTCKHOT h cjioBeHenKHOT; - HCTOMHOcjioBeHCKa rpyna ja3HH,H, bo Koja cnaŕaaT pycKHOT, Öejio- pyCKHOT H yKpaHHCKHOT H - 3anaflHocjTOBeHCKa rpyna ja3HUH bo Koja cnaŕaaT nojiCKMot, "leiii- KHOT, CJTOBaMKHOT, JJOJIH O JI y )KH XIK H OT, ropiIOJiy>KHHKHOT H KailiyiTCKHOT. npH BäKBOTO rpynHpaiBe, ocBeii ja3HHHH, ce 3eMaaT npeflBHfl n TepHTOpHJaJIHH H H CT O p H C K O - KyjT Ty p H H K p HTC p H y M H. Bo nepno^oT no 1990 roflHHa npn H3flejiyBaH>eT0 Ha noceÔHHTe ja3HHH ocoöeHo ce Hajio)KyBa h onniTecTBenonojihthhkhot KpHTepnyM. 42 OnilJTA rPAVIATHKA HA M A K1 i J Hl) 11 (' K M OT J A 311K TtiKa, o)\ nopaneiiiiiHOT cpncKoxpBaTCKH ja3HK jjeHec ce H3nejienM jjpa noceÖHHcTaHjjap/iHH janíka: cpncKHOTHxpBaTCKHOT(aceH3n;ejTyBaaT,keko ja3HUH Ha onuiTecTBeHara cpe/uina, co cboh ocoöeHOCTH h ooiuitaHKH u HpHoropCKH). Meŕy 3ananHocjioBeHCKHTe ja3HĽ(tf Kaxo CTannapnei] jajhk bo iiajHOBo upeMe ce jaBysa h KamyiiCKHOT ja3HK, koj tiMaji cxa'ľyc na /UijajieKT Ha iiojickiiot ja3HK. TepHTopHJajTHHOT KpHTepnyM TprnyBa oj\ reorpacpcKaTa nonp-3aHOCT3 ucTopucKO-KyjľľypHHOT pi i HMa npeMBMA KouraKTiiTe Meŕy Hapo^MTe BO MHHaroTo, a oniuTecTBciio-nojíHTHMKHOT KpHTepnyM - ynoTpeÖara na CTaH/iap/nnu) ľ ja'siiK bo /ja/jena onutTecTBeHa 3aeAHHii,a (flpsfaBa) bo cure ccJDcpn Ha jaBHOTO onuiTeite. HcTOMHocjTOBeHCKaTa ií 3 a 11 a /i h o c jt o bc HCKa Ta rpyna ja3in;n Meŕy-ceÖHO rpaniľiaT, AOfleKa jyaKHOCJiOBeHCKaTa rpyna ja3Hii,H e o/r/iejieHa oj\ mi b ripCKv Apyí'M ja3Hun (re pM a h c k n ot, ynrapcKiioT h poMaHCKHOT). Jy>KHOcjiOBeHCKaTa rpyna ja3MLin ce /jeun Ha abc noflrpynii: - HCTOHHOJy>KHOGJIOBeHCKa (MaJíeflOHCKHOT, ÖyrapcKiior) H -3aiia;uiojy>KHOcjioBCHCKa(cpncKHOT, xpBaTCKiioi n cjioBeiieiiiKiiocjiOBeHCKHTe ja3Hiin cnaŕa h crapocjiOBeHCKHOT,koj npeTCTaBVBaji npB jwTepaTypeH(cTan;i,ap;ieH)ja3HK 3a cirre cjiOBeHCKH nápoju. Bo rpyna ľa Ha 3anaflHocjroBeHCKH ja3nnH bo m n h a toto cnaŕaji h nojiancKHOT ja3HK, k oj bo tckot Ha iicTopHJaTa 6hji acHMHJinpan oa cocejjHiiTe janiHH, npe/4 ce, oj; rep\iancKiioľ. IlojTancKHOT janiK HeMaji CBOJa nncMCHOCT. CoBpeMeHHTe cjioBencKii jasHipi noKa>KVBaar rojieMa ľjiiimhoct bo rpa m aTH m k a Ta cTpyKTypa, bo jicKcuKaTa h bo (j>OHeTHKara Toa ce oôjacnyBa CO HHBHOTO ITOTeKJIO Ofl 3aeflHHHKHOT Ilpaja3HK M CO 3aeflHHirKHOT 2KHBOT bo MHHaTOTO. CjTiriHocTHTe ce 11 o 3 a 6 ľ j] e >K h Te ji h h Meŕy jannniTe o/j, h era rpyna. Ojí flpyra cTpana, pa3jiHKHTe Meŕy hhb ce AOjmaT Ha hhbhhot noceôeH h caMocroeH HCTopncKii pa3BHTOK. MaKCflOHCKiioT ja3HK noKa>KyBa noBeŔe saeomiMKH ocoôchocth co rtpynrre cnoBencKH ja3Hi|n h Toa naJMHory bo 4)oiieTHKaTa, bo jreKciixaTa n bo 36opoo6paiyBaikeTo. Co jy>KHocjiOBeHCKHTe ja3iiUH, m a k ľ i\o h c k h ot jaSHK noKa>KyBa noroJieM öpoj 3aeji,HHMKH ocoöeiiocni kou, ocnen na 3ae/|HHMKOTo noTeKjio, ce ;joji>KaT n na HenocpeAHnrc BpcEK. Co öyrapCKHOT, KaiKHocjiOBeHCKH jaJiiK, Makcaohckhot noKa>KyBa cjthmhoct bo rpaMaTMKaTa, bo oTcycTBOTO Ha noce6nn najje>KHH HCTOPMCKH PA3BHTOK HA M AKF-AOHCKHOT JA3HK 43 (JjOpMH KOH Ce KapaKTepHCTWMHM 33 ApyrMTC CJIOBeHCKH ja3HHH, HO ÖHTHO ce pa3jiHKyBa bo (J)OHeTHKaTa (cnopefl usroBopoT Ha rjracoBHTe h aKijeHTOT), KaKO H BO JTCKCHKäTa. Poachhre 3ÖopyBaiJH Ha efleH cjiobchckm ja3HK 6e3 norojieMU TeiiiKOTHH JiccHO M02K3TAa pa30epaT h fla coBJia/jaaTApyr cjiobchckh ja hik. npeji ce, nopajjH rojieMHOT 6poj 3aeniiHiiKH 36opoBH. HeKOH oa hhb penncn ce hcth bo CHTe cjioBeHCKii J.T3HUH (Ha npHMcp: Auüa, Med, cuACi, hoc, oeufi, 'puna) a mckoh ce pa3JiHKyBaaT, npeA cě, nopain iiCTopncKii iipoMcim bo H3roBopoT (na npHMep: con, den, ped, mum, seep caeca, m em, seMJa). Bo cjioBCHCKHTc ja3HUH iiMa it 3aeflHHMKii 30opoBH iHTO ce CpCKaBaaT n bo ApyniTC iiHAoCBponcKii ja3HH,ii. Tue ja o;j,pa3VBaar jae/uuiMKaTa AyxoBiia h MaTepHJajinaTa Kyjrrypa bo MHiiaTOTO. TaKBH ce. Ha npHMep, 3ÖopoBHTe hito ni 03HanyBaat iiohmhtc: mujku. iüaiüKO, öpaiTi, ceciüpa, eoda, dpQO, hog, moj, daa, item, cyM h aPJTH. IThcmoto, hcto Taxa, e Ba>KHa ocoÖeHOCTHa coBpeMeHHTe cjiobchckh jVjhhh. Co KHpHJiHua ce nHLuyBaaT MaKe/ioncKiior. cpncKHOT, 6yrapcKHOT, pyCKHOT, yKpaUHCKHOT H ÔejIOpyCKUOT (cpnCKIIOT, OCBCH CO KHpH.lIIHa, ce nHinyBa h co jiaTHHHua). CeKOJa oa obhc a36ykh e iiauHOHajraa, 3auiTO uMa cboh npeno3HaTJiHBH 6yKBH. TaKa, övkbhtc k, í h š ce ocoöchoct Ha MaKCAOHCKaTa KHpHJiHua, JUpymTe cjiobchckh jajHiui ce n h my BaaT co jurnniiiua. 110 3a KapaKTCpHCTHHHHTe cjioBeHCKH rjiacoBH ce yncvrpeöyBaaT noceÖHH övkbh. Mei'y cjioBCHCKH're janmn MaKCAoiicKiior jaiiiK ce oAJiHKysa co oaacjthh ocoöeHocTH KOH He ce cpeKaßaaT bo Apyrnre cjiobchckh ja3Hini, Ha npHMep: - Tperrocjio>KHHOT aKHcirr: ßodeuui^a, oodeminaiüa; - HacTaBKaia -uit,a Kaj HMeHKHTe oa cpeAen poA ihto 3aßpiuyßaaT Ha -e: üu/iuH>a; - TpOJHHO'ľ HJICH K3J HMeHCKHTC CJ)OpMH: HOOCKOÜi, H06CK06, H06C- koh; - hct ocHOBeH BOKaji Kaj CHTe rjiarojiii bo upBo junge ejiiuma cerauiHo BpeMe: zAeö-a-M, itoc-a-M, jad-a-M: - rjiarojTCKH KoncTpyKn,HH co uMa/neMü h rjiarojicKa npHAaBKa bo cpeAeH poA (umom dojdeno) h apyrn. npHBeAyßaMe npuMepn Ha 3ÖopoßH oa ApyrHTe cjiobchckh jajHipt kou ce pa3JTHKyßaaT oa cooabcthhtc MaKeAOHCKH 3ÔopoBH nopaAH HCTOpHCKH npOMeHH BO H3rOBOpOT: 44 OniiíTA ľP A MATU K A HA M A KI(,() IICKHOT JA3MK 6yrapCKM: CT>H ACH pi^Ka IIBHT hotu M OK A H cpncKH: caH flaH pyKa IIB6T h oh m e r) a XpBaTCKH: san dan ruka, cvijet noé meda CJIOBCHCHKIi: sen den roka cvet noč meja pycKu: COH AeHb pyKa IIBCTOK HOHb MC>Ka ôenopycKH: COH len pyxa IIBCT HO H b MOKa yKpaMHCKH: COH AeH pyxa III>BÍT HÍH Me»ía nojicKH: sen dzien reka kwiat noc miedza HeinKn: sen den ruka kvetiny noc mez CJTOBaiTKH: sen den ruka kvetina noc medza ropHOJiy>KHMKH: sen dzen ruka kwet noc mjaza flOJIHO JiyUCHMKH: sen dzen ruka kwet noc mjeza npeBOAHTe Ha tckctot Ha One nam bo pasjiHMHH cjiobchckh ja ni 11,11, hcto TaKa, (bo HayKaxa 3a ja3HKOT) npeTCTaByBa ochobch npiiMep 3a cnopefl6a Ha ja3HiiHTe bo cbctot. CnopeAH: MaKedoHCKii: Oie Ham, koj ch Ha Hc6ecaxa, /ia ce cbcth hmcto tboc; Aa flojpe napcTBOTO tboc; Aa ÔHAe Bojijara TBOja, icaKO Ha He6orro, TaKa n Ha aeMJaTa; JieňoT nani iiacytneH Aaj hh ro ACHec h npocTH hh m AOJiroBHTe HaníH, KaKO iiito hm ra npoujTeBaMe h Hne Ha HaníHTe aoji>khhhh; h He BO BO A H Ilé BO HCKyilieHMC, HO H3ÔaBH flé OA JiyKaBMOT. EyzapcKit: Orné nam, kohto ch Ha HeÔeca'ra, Aa cc cbcth Tboc to HMe! JJa AOHAe TBoero u,apcTBo, Aa 6-bAe Tboht3 bojih, KaKTO Ha HeôeTo, TaKa m Ha 3e\iHTa. J\avi hh AHec OKeAHCBHHa xjiaô, h npocTH hh A^-nroBCTC, KaKTO H HHe JipOCTHXMe Ha HaUJHTe A^-^^HHHH, H He HH BT.BOKAH B H3KymeHHe, ho H36aBH hh ot jiyKaBHH. Cpucicu: Owe Ham kojh ch Ha HeôecHMa, Aa ce cbcth HMe tbojc. Jla Aor>e napcTBO TBoje, Aa ôyfle BOJba TBoja h Ha 3eMJbH Kao Ha Heôy; xjieô nam noTpeÔHH Aaj HaM AaHac; h onpocTH HaM AyroBe Hame Kao h mh iiito onpaíHTaMO Ay>KHHHHMa cbojhjcm; h He HaBeAH Hac y nanacT; ho juCkibh Hac oa 3Jia. XpoaiucKu: Oče naš, koj i jesi na nebesima! Sveti se ime tvoje! Dodi kraljevstvo tvoje! Budi volja tvoja kako na nebu tako i na zemlji! Kruh naš svagdanji daj nam danas! I otpusti nam duge naše, kako i mi otpušlamo dužnicima svojim! I ne uvedi nas u napast i izbavi nas od zla! HCTOPHCKM PA3BMTOKHA MAKE^OHCKMOT JA3MK 45 PycKu: Orlie Ham, vdk& ecu Ha Heóecex! J3,a cbhthtcíi h m si TBoe, #a npn^eT uapcTBHe Tsoe, na 6y,qeT bojisi tboíi, hko Ha He6ecH h Ha seMjra, xne6 Haní Hacyiirmiři }\íva<.j\ hslm jmec h ocxaBH HäM íjourn Hama, sKo>Ke h Mbl OCTaBJÍHeM AOJliKHHKOM HailiHM. M HC BBCJHl H3C B HCKyilICHHC, HO H30aBM Hac ofl jiyKaBoro. YKpauHCKu: Ox^e Ham, ujo Ha He6n, Hexai cbmthtch hmh tboc Hexai npni;ie uapcTBO TBoe. Hexai ôyae bojiíi tboh, íik Ha He5n Ta k h Ha 3eMJiH. Xjií6 Ham m,oAeHHH flai HaM coxoahmh. M npocTH HaM jiobxh Hanin, hk h mm npoHiaeMO flOBXHHKaM HauiHM. M He BBeflH Hac ý cnoKyey, a naôaBH Hac ot jiyKaBoxo. Eo TBoe ecr írapcTBO i CMJia i cjiaBa no BMKy. Bejiopyctcu: Oina naui, KaTopn ein y Heôe: CB5m,Hca hm.h TBae. ripÍA3H Bajtaj^apcTBa TBae. Bya,3 bojih TBaa, hk Ha HeGe TaK h Ha 35imh. Xjieóa Hauiara moflseHHara HaM hí. M aflnymH HaM rpaxn Hanin, íikhmm a^rryinaeM BHHOBan-iM naiUHM. M hí yBOH3 nac ý cnaKycy, a;ie 36aý Hac ojx 3Jiora. TBae 60 ein, Bajra^apcTBa h cnjia h cjiaBa Ha bckh bcmhh. IJojicku: Ojcze nasz, ktorys jest w niebie, swiec sie Imie Twoje przyjdz królestwo Twoje; badzwola Twoja, jako w niebie, tak i naziemi. Chleba naszego powszdniego daj nam dzišiaj; I odpušc nam nasze winy, jako i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcóm; I nie vvódz nas na pokuszenie, ale nas zbaw ode zlego. *JeiUKu: Otče naš, který jsi na nebesích, posvět se jméno Tvě, přid1 království Tvě, buď vůle Tva jako v nebi, tak i na zemi. Chleb náš vezdejší dej nám dnes a odpusť nám viny naše, jakož i my odpouŠtame vinníkům našim, i neuvoď nás v pokušeni, ale zbav nás od zlého. CjioeaHKii: Otče naš, ktorý si na nebesách, posväť sa meno Tvoje, príď královstvo Tvoje, bud' vo ľa Tvoja ako v nebi, tak i na zemi. Chlieb náš každodenný daj nam dnes, a odpusť nam naše viny, ako i my odpúštame svojim vinníkom a neuvoď nas do pokušenia, ale zbav nás zlého. KamyucKu: Wójce nasz, chteri j es v njebj esech, svjece se jimje twoje. Przindze kro les t wo twoje. Bedze wolo twoja, jak v njebj e tak na zemji. Chléva naszeho povszedneho daj nom dzis. A wódpusce nom nasze vjine, jak e me wódpuszczome naszim vjinovajcom. A njewdze nas na pokuszenje, ale nas zbavji wode zlého. ropnojiyMUHKu: Wótče naš, kiž sy w njebjesach, swjecene budž twoje rojeno; přiiidž k nam twoje kralestwo; twoja wola so stan, jako na njebju, tak tež na zemi. Naš wšedny khlěb daj nam džens a wodaj nam naše wini, jako tež my wodawamy našim winikami; a njewjedž nas do spytowanja, ale wumóž nas wot zlého. 46 Of! «ITA fP A M ATM K A HA MAKI'iflOHCKWOT JA3MK JJojiNOJiyjfciiHKii: Wósc naš, kenž sy na njebju, huswěšone buži twójo mě; psiz k nam ivvójo kralejstwo; twója wóla se staň, ako na njebju, tak tež na zemi. Naš wščdny klčb daj nam žins a wodaj nam naše winy, ako my wodawamy našym winikam; a njewjez nas do spytowanja, ale humóž nas wót zíeho. IJo.iaiicKuoiU jasuK He öhji miCMCHo apHKcmpaH. ripeBonpT Ha One nam ro ffaSBMe bo cjxmeTCKa rpaHCKpHiinnja: Nos fader, ta tai jis va nebisai, sjota varda tuji jaima. Tuja rik koma. Tuja vila sinot. kok va nebisai, tok kak no zime. Nosej vesedanesna st aibe doj-nam dans. Un vitedoj-nam nos gre.v, kak moi vitedojime nosem gresnarum. Un ni brind oj nos ka farsukone, tai lozoj nos vit vesokag .vaudag. Oboj ja3HK öhjt non, H3pa3HTo repMancKO BJiHJanHe. OöHflii ce na npeno3Haem neKoj rcpMaHH3aM bo tckctot! EjiHCKOCra Meŕy cnoBeHCKMTe ja3Hu,M Mo^e na ÖHne npHwiiHa h 3a Hepa3ÖnpaFhe bo MeryceönoTO oniiiTen.e. Taxa, hckoh 36opoBH koh bo m a k enp h c k n o t HMaaT cnno 3naqeiBe, bo npyrn ja3HUjH HMaax npyro. TaKa. epeden na oyrapcKii 3HaMii mmemen, oÔuhom - cüküm, äoneuien - üoKiiJie Ha HapOAHxe co nocTapa KyjiTypHa h nucMeHa TpaflHrjHJa Ha cboj ja3iiK (EßpeHTe, TpnHTe, PfiMJaHHTe h n,pyrn), rn nocTHrnajie hhbhhtc BpenHocTH h pa3BHJie CBOja opurHHajTHa /mivpa lypa. JajHKOT Ha cjioBeHCKara hhcmchoct ce HapeKyBaji cjiobchckh (lA^biKii CAOB^NbCKi>), a bo HayKaTa e noinaT non hmcto crnpoc. umr-mcku jiOiiK. Toj Haoŕa CBOja nHCMeHa ynoTpeöa Kaj cure cjiobchckh HaponH, bo noMeTOKOT Kaj ianarnnľľe, bo oöjiaera Mopannja, Kaj jy>KHHTe, bo Byrapnja (bo ripecjiaBCKHOT neiiTap) h bo MaKenomija (bo OxpHncKHOT ucHTap) 3a noToa na ce paunipn hh:í npyniTe jyxHocjioiieHCKH jc.mjh (CpÖHJa, BocHa, XpBaTCKa, CjioBeHHJa) h Kaj hctohhhtc Cjiobchh (bo KHeBcxa Pycnja). Bo noneroKOT crapocJiOBeHCKUOTjaíhk HMan orpannuena cj)ynKHHJa. Toj 6hji ja3HK Ha upKOBHHTe Kinirn h Ha xp m CTHJ a h ck axa 5orocjiy>K6a. HC ľO PMC KU PA3BMTOK HA MAKEHOHCKMOT J A3 H K 47 Ja^HKOT co BaKBa tJ^yHKUHJa ce HapeKyBa, hcto Taxa, ja3HK Ha kvjttot hjih caKpajieH (cBex) ja3HK h co Hero ce npe^aBaaT moancTpaKľHii pejin.ruo3hh noHMH h coflp>KHTiH. Co nojaBaTa na opHnriiajiHH cjiobchckh jnrrepaTypHH flejia CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ja npouiHpyBa CBOjaTa r^yHKiMJa, cTanyiia jasHK na JíHTepaTypara. HajrojieMa aacjiyra 3a npoiiinpyBaH>eTO Ha dp y h KHHOHajiHO crra Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK HMa cbôth Kjihmčht OxpHflCKH. CjioBencKaTa hhcmchoct e 3aeßHHHKa 3a CHTe cjiobchckh napo^n; ocoöeno e KapaKTepHCTHHHa 3a iipaBOCJiaBHHTe, h ro oncjpaKa nepnoacvr oji cperjHnaTa na IX ri,o KpajoT na XVIII bck. Bo norjieji, na nncMenaTa 3KTHBH0CT, Taa ono^aKa jraa nepHoj^a: - CTapocjtOBeHCKH nepHOfl (on cpejinnara Ha IX rq Kpajor Ha XI bck), - HpKOBHOcjioBeHCKH nepnoji (oji, noneTOKOľ Ha XII bok ;io Kpajor Ha XVIII bck). CTapocjioBeHCKHOT neplnou ce KapaKTepH3wpa co ynoTpeöaTa Ha CTapOCJIOBeHCKHOT J33HK, KaKO HajCTap CJIOBCHCKH JíHTepaTypen ja3HK, enHHCTBeH 3a chtc cjTOBeHCKH napoľiH. Bo HayKara, hhcmchhotjaiHK oj\ oboj nepHOfl ce HapeKyBa ymre h CTapocjioBeHCKH KaHOH. Toj oÖhmho ce onpenejiyBa cnopefl CTaHfjapAH jHpaHaTa (HopMHpaHaTa) ynoTpeôa Ha jiBaTa epa h h b (jop h jep) h ABcre hocobkh x h a (rojiewaTa HOCOBKa on h Majiaxa HOCOBKa KaKO h cnopejí Apyrti ocoÔeiiocTH bo $0HeTHK3Ta, bo rpaMaiMKaTa h bo jiexcHKara. EpoBHTe ÔHJie rjiacoBH co MOiiiHe KpaTOK H3roBop, a bo H3roBOpOT Ha HocoBKHTe ce cjiyiuaji HOceH npHSByK. I^pKOBHocjioBeHCKHOT nepnoa ja onrjpaica ynoTpeOaxa Ha cahhctbc-HHOT JíHTepaTypen. ja3HK npeKy noceÖHH BäpHJaHTH bo ojwejiHHTe cjio- BeHCKH 36MJH. Co HMexo ciüapoCAoeeHCKU jasuK ce HarjiacyBa 3HaiieibeTo na HajCTapHOT CJIOBCHCKH JlHTepaTypeH J33HK, Toj HMa H3BOIlpeJlHO 3HatIĽ]]Je 3a npoynyBaH>e Ha HCTOpujara Ha m3kcaohckhot ja3HK h Ha ApyrHTe cjiobchckh ja3Hi;H. Be3 no3HaBan»e Ha ocoGekocTHre Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT J33HKHe MoaíCfla cenpoynysa mctophckhot pasBoj Ha MaKeßOHCKHOT ja3HK, KaKO h na ApyrHTe cjiobchckh jasaiui. Bo nayKaTa ksko CTapocjioBeHCKH ce oncJ)aKaaT paKonnorre on IX A o XI bck, oahocho o a 3anoHHyBaHbeTo Ha MopaBCKaTa MHCHJa j\o nor-naŕaH>eTO Ha MaxeflOHirja boh b h j a h t h c k a BJiacT (1037 rojj;.). Tne 4 S OnilITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOTJA3HK npeTCTaByBaaT npeBOA oa rpHKH Ha erapocnoBeHCKH Ha rjiaBHHTC hpkobhh khmth (eBaHrejine, anocTOn, eyxojiornyM, ncajiTHp). Oa BpeivieTo Ha MopaBCKa-ra MHCHJa He ce 3aLiyBaHw oaagjihh paKonncn ('ianyBan e caMO efleH noAonne»ceH McniKO-MopaBCKH paKonHC oa 7 JiHcra, Khcbckh jihctobh, oa BTOpaxa nojioBHna na X bck). HajcTapiiTe 3anyBaHH paKoriHcn Ha CTapocnoBeHCKH ja3HK no-TeKHyBaaT oa MaKeAOHHJa h bo hhb ce OApajeHH ja3HHHU ocoôchocth CBojcTBeHH 3a MaKeAOHCKHTe roBopu oa Toa BpeMe. HaJ3HaMaJHH Meŕy hhb ce 3orpacf)CKOTO eBaHrejine, AceMaHOBOTo eBaHrenHe h MapHwicKOTO eBanrejTHe. Twe ce oHiuyBaun co marojiHna. YnoTpeöaTa Ha rjiarojiHijaTa ce noBp3yBa co AeJHocra na OxpHACKaTa KHn>KeBHa iiiKOJia ocHosaHá oa FÜIHM6HT OxpnACKH. OcBeH co marojiHua. CTapocjioBeHCKMxe paKonucH ce nnuiyBami n co KHpHJiHija. Hajciapinc KupujicKH paKonucii ce noBpjaHH co FlpecjiaBCKaTa KHH»ceBHa uiKOJia bo ByrapHJa. KHpHJiHuaTa, hcto Taxa, noHHyßa Aa ce ynoTpeövßa h bo Ma-KeAOHHJa h nocTeneHO ja HCTHCHyBa marojinnaTa. 3a'iVBanH ianHCH rwiiiyBann bo CTapocnoBencKHOT nepwoA na ABcre nncMa hm a h Ha KaMemi Wimm. 3aiiyBaH HairiHC Ha rjiarojinna HMa Ha CTOJiooBHTe Ha upKBaTa CßeTH HayM. Ha KHpHJmt^a ce HamimaHH CaMy-HJioBaTa njioMa, BapoujKHOT hütiihc, EwTOJicKara n.nona h flpyr«. CTapocjTOBeHCKMOT ja3HK cľanaji npeAMeT na nay wen HHTepec bo XIX BCK. Toj nocjiy>KHJi KaKO ocHOBa 3a eAHa noceÖHa nayKa: cuaBHCTUKa hjth cjioBeHCKa cJ3HJiojiornja. OCHOBHH OCOEEHOCTH HA CTAPOCJTOBEHCKHOT JA3MK OrapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3iiK HMaji nocjTo»:eH c}dohojioiiikh h rpaivia- THMKH CHCTeM OA COBpeMeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK H OA APyrHTe CJIOBeHCKH ja3HU,H. BoKaJIHHOT CHCTeM Ha CTapOCJlOBeHCKHOT ja3HK ÖMJ1 COCTaBeH OA eAHHaeceT caMorjTacKH. OcBen neTTe caMorjiacKH ujto th HMa bo coBpe-MeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK (a, e, u, o, y) HMaji yui're ujecT Apyrn KapaxTe-pucTHHHH caMorjiacKH: H CTO P M CK M PA3BMTOK HA MAKHAOHCKHOTJA3HK 49 Hiwe 3HÜK M3roi«>p jar t iirapoKOe jepH 'hl cpe^Ho u rojieMa HocoBKa 0 CO HOCOB npn3ByK Mana HocoBKa A e CO HOCOB npiliBVK J°P h rrojiycaMorjiacKa Meŕy o u y jep b nonycaMorjiacKa Meŕy e h u CorjiacKHTe ui, m, s, y, h ce H3roBapajie Mexo, a c, 3, h, p, a o5pa3yBajie juíoJKH no MeKOCT co coojjBeTHH MCKM corjiacKM, Ha npHMep h : h'. CTapOCJlOBeHCKHOT J33HK HM3J1 KapaKTepHCTHMHa CTpVKTYpa IIM cjiorOT: CHTe cjioroBH ôwjie OTBopeHH - 3aBpmyBajie Ha caMorjiacKa. rpaMaTHHKHOT cHCTeM na CTapocjioBeiicKHOT ja3HK 3HaHHTejiiio ce pa3JlHKVBaJl OJ\ CHCTeMOT Ha COBpeMeHHOT MaKČAOHCKH ja3HK cnopeA öpojoT Ha dpopMHTc. Co oBaa c bo j a ocoöchoct CTapocjioBeHCKHOT He ce pa3JiHKyBaJi MHory OA npacjiOBeHCKHOT, KaiopMHTe ocoöeiio e KapaKTepHCTHMHa 3a HMeHCKHTe 30opoBH Kaj KOH ce pa3JiHKyBajie noceÖHH naAOKim cjiopMH. FIoA noHMOT üadeM bo rpaMaxHKaTa ce noApa30npaaT noceÔHH (JDopMH Ha HMeucKMTe 3ÔopoBH co KOH ce nOKaacyBa HHBHHOT OAHoc cnpeMa ApyrHTe 35opoBH bo peHeHHiurra. CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3Hi< pa3jTHKyBajr CCAyM naAOKH (HOMHHaTHB, reiIHTHB, ASTHB, aKy3aTHB, BOKäTHB, KHCTpy- MCHTaji h jioKaTHB) co KOH ce HCKa>KyBajie pä3JiHHHH OAHOCH bo peneHHuaTa. OcBeH eAHHHa h MHoxHHa, CTapocjioBeHCKHOT J33WK u\ Pycnja). 50 O í IIIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK Tokmv 3aToa, bo HayKaTa He öhjio jiecHo j^a ce yTBpAH Hapo^HaTa ocHOBa Ha CTapoariOBeHCKHOT J33HK. Mměho, K3KO JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK TOJ 6hji HOpMHpaH h CTaH/japAHJHpan h ne 6hji HCT co cBojaTa napoAna ocHOBa. Bp3 OCHOBa Ha H3BOpHTe HM CJTOBCHCKaTa nilCMCHOCT (>K htm j a TU na CB. KHpHJT H CB. MeTOflHJ H Apyrn), KaKO H Bp3 ja3HHHHTe OCOÖeHOCTH 11LI crapocJiOBeHCKHTe cnoMCHHun, bo XIX BeK ce nocTaßeHH HexojiKy Teopnn 3a HapoflHaTa (AHJajieKTHaTa) ocHOBa Ha CTapocuoBencKHOT ja3HK, oa koh Hajno3HaTH ce naHOHCKaTa h MaKc^oHCKaTa Teopnja. üanoHCKaTa Teopnja bo HayKaTa ja noeraBHJi Jepiiej KonHTap. Cnopefl OBaa Teopnja ce npeTnocTaiiyBajio fleica ct a po c;k i b e h e k h ot j a 3 hk HMaji nanoHCKa (oahocho naHOHCKO-MopaBCKa) AHJajieKTim ocHOBa. Co OBaa Teopnja, BcyuiHOCT, ce noconyBa TepHTopnjaTa Ha Koja ce H3BeflyBajia h co Koja e noBpaaHa MopaBCxaTa MHcnja Ha cBeraTe 6paŔa KnpHJl H MCTOAIij. FíaHOHCKaTa Teopnja HMajia npcABHA OAAenun 36opoBH oa JiaTHH- CKHOT H OA repMaHCKHOT ja3HK, KaKO H OAAe^HH 3ÔOpOBH KapaKTepHCTHHHH 3a ja3HKOT Ha naiioncKO-MOpaBCKHTe GnoBenn, ihto ce cpeRaBajie bo HajcTapHTe CTapoonoBeiicKH cnoMeHMHH. He koh oa OBne iÔopoBH h AeHec ce ynorpeöyBaaT bo oaacjihh cjiobchckh ja3HU,H, na h bo MaKeflOHCKiioT. TaKBH ce, Ha npHMep, oi^eilt no3ajMeH oa jibthhckmot, üoü oj\ rep m a hckhot h Apyrn. Oßaa TeopHJa h ro OTCTannna wecroTO Ha noyiiepJinBaTa MaKeAOHCKa Teopnja 3a HapoAnaTa (RffjaJieKTHaTa) ocHOBa Ha HajcTapHOT cjiobchckh JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. AeHec, OBaa -reopnja e onuiTonpHc^aTeHa bo HayKaTa. MaKeAOHCKaTa Teopnja ja nocTaBHJi BaTpocjiaß JaniK, a ja noTBpAHJi h ja AOKa>Kaji HeroBHOT yneHHK BaTpocjiaß OöjiaK. TaTKOBHHaTa Ha noBCKeTO CTapocjioBeHCKH paKonHCH BaTpocjiaß JarnK ja ôapaji TOKMy bo MaicenoHHJa. üotth KHaT oa npoynyBaitaTa na c bo jot ynnTeji 3a MaKeAOHCKaTa AHJajieKTHa ocHOBa Ha CTapocuoBencKHOT jaJHK, BaTpocjiaß OöjiaK npecTojyBaji bo jy>KHa MaKeflOHHJa h rn npoynyBaji roBopHTe Ha cejiaTa oa oKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH. Toj Ha caMHOTTepeH HMaji moíkhoct Aa rn cjiyma iviaKeAOHCKHTe roBopn oa OKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH h a<* ru npenoiHaBa bo HHB ÖHTHHTe ocoOeHOCTH Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT j a 3HK, koh h no AeceT BeKa ce 3anyBaAe bo >khbhot HapoAeH H3roBop. Jy>KHOMaKeAOHCKHTe AHJajieKTH ce oa ocoöeii HUTepec 3a HayKaTa. Tne ce oa peniaBanKO 3HaiieH>e 3a TaTKOBUHara Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK. MCTOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJ,OHCKMOT J A3 M K 51 Be3 bhcthhcko no3HaBan>e Ha jy>KHOMaKen,OHCKHTe flnjajTeKTH, ocoöeHO na AHJajieKTOT koj ce 30opyBa bo OKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH, He öhjio mo>kho KOHeMHOTO pemaBaibe Ha npaina&eTO 3a Hapojuiara ocnoBa Ha cxapo- CJlOBenCKHOT ja3HK, OcHOBHHTC TJTaCOBHH OCOÖeHOCTH Ha CTapOCJIOBeHCKHTe paKonHCH (pajjiHHeH M3roBop Ha flBe peflyunpaHH caMorjiacKH cws h ßbNb h H3roBop Ha ABe caMorjiacKH co HoceH npw3ByK p^Kd h yaau) ce ochobhh ocoöchocth h Ha jyjKHOMaKe^oHCKHTe flHJajieKTH: con h den, poHKCi h neudo. Pa3JiHHHHOT*H3roBop Ha epOBHTe ce npeno3Haßa npexy HHBiiaTa paajiHHHa 3aMena h (jop) bo o h h (jep) bo e. Oßaa iaMena e KapaKTe-pHCTHHHa pennen 3a uejiaTa MaKeflOHCKa jasHMHa TepHTopHJa, na n 3a jy>KHOMaKeflOHCKaTa. Mcto TaKa, bo jy>KHOMaKen,oHCKHrre nHJa.neKTH cě y ture ce nyBa HOCOBHOT HJrOBOp BO 3ÔOpOBH Ofl THHOT: 3(IMÜ, düMÜ, ÜeHÜl, llC!tÔO (cnope/IH bo CTann,apn,HHOT ja3HK: 3ci6, daß, üeiü, nedo). Co jíOKaxyBaH^eTO na MaKejjoHCKaTa Teopwja bo HayxaTa ce 3rojie- MHJ] HHTepeCOT 3a MaKejIOHCKHOT ja3HK. CTAPOCJIOBEHCKM A3BYKH CrapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ce iiiiiuyita i Ha jjBe coceivia pa3JiiiMiiii iľtóyku: i.uii o umu n Kupu.umu. CßeTMTe Öpaxa KnpHji h MeTon,nj cojinflHO th BJiajjeejTe MaKe-AOHCKHTe roBOpH ľúto ce 36opyBane bo OKOJiHHaTa Ha ConyH n coBpujeHo ro 3Haejie H3roBopoT Ha MaKejiOHCKHTe macoBH. Toa My OB03Moxn.no Ha CBeTH KHpHJi Ha cocTaBH a3ÓyKa cnopea upiiHiiiinoT 3a ceKoj rjiac (cjxweMa) fla ojuxmapa noceöna ÖyxBa. Cnopen, H3roBopoT Ha MaKejioHCKHTe rjiacoBH CBeTH Knpnji rn H3ABOHJ1 coo/iBeTHHTe c^oiieMH, na cocraBHJi a3ÖyKa on, 38 6yKBH. CeKoja öyKBa HMajia cBoe MMe, Koe 3anoMHyBajio co rjiacoT ihto ce 03HaMyBaji co Hea. HMHHbaTa Ha 6yKBHrre ynarryBaaT Ha 36opoBH ofl KyjrrypHaTa c$epa Ha onuľreH>e, na h Ha ocHOBHäTď c^ymcnnja Ha cTapocjioBeHCKHOT Kaico ja3HK Ha 6orocjry>K6aTa. Ocnen rJiacoBHa BpennocT, öyKBHTe HMajie h opojná BpejIÍIOCT. A3ÔyKara uito ja cociaiuiji CBeTH Knpnji bo nayKaxa e no3Harra non, MMeTo rjiarojiHiia. 52 OmUTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEJIOHCKHOT JA3HK YnoTpeöaTa Ha rjiarojinuaTa ce noBp3VBa co MaKeAOHHJa. Co Toa cjioBeHCKaxa nHCMeHoer bo MaKeflOHHJa ce noBpjyBa co jinpeKTHHTe yne-HHiiH na cBeTHTe KwpHji h MeTOflHJ h co HHBHaTa AeJHOCT bo MopaBHja. TjiarojiHuaTa ce CMeTa 3a opHrHHajino nwcMO, h cnopeA nanpTHTe Ha ôyKBHTe h cnopeA cocTaBOT: - HaKO noKa>Kyßa cjihmhoctm, cnopeA HaupTHTe Ha öyKBHxe Taa ÖMTHO ce pa3JiHKyBa h oa rpHKOTO h ofl ApyrHTe nocxapn niicMa, ocoGeno cnopeA Hau,pxHxe 3a KapaKxepHCTHMHxe MaKejjoHCKH macoBH; - cnopeA cocTaBOT Ha 6yKBHxe rjiarojinuaTa ÖHJia nonpeiiH3Ha jiypw h OA rpwKOXo nncMO 3aiuxo iioAOcneAHo 6hji npHMeHex npHHunnox rjiac-6yKBa. {HayKaxa 3a nHCMOxo 3a opHrHiiajn-iH h 3a caMOCTOJHH rn civiexa CHTe a30yKH bo koh flocjie^Ho ce npHMeHyBa oahocot efleH rjiac - e^Ha GyKBa). OcBeH rjiaro-nniiaTa, h KiipmiHuaxa e HacTaHaxa bo cxapocnoBeH-CKHox nepHOA, ho ce CMeTa 3a MajiKy iioaohhokho nHCMO. 3a pa iJinKa oa rjiarojinuaTa, HMa noBeice 6yKBH - 44. Taa e noôjiHCKa ao rpMKOTO iihcmo cnopcA HaupxHxe Ha ôyKBHxe 3a hcxh rjiacoBH: a - a, ß - k, (ajicj^a - a, BHxa - e) h cnopeA osHanyBaH^exo Ha öpoJHaxa BpeAHOCx. CnopcA HanpxHxe Ha ßyKBwxe 3a KapaKxepncxHHHHxe cjtobchckh macoBH, Taa ce noxnnpa Bps niarojiHi;axa (in - uj). Ynoxpeöaxa na KMpHjiHiuxTa bo oboj nepnoA e ocoöenocT, npeA cě, na nwcMeHocTa bo npecnaBCKaTa tawaceBHa uiKOJia bo Eyrapwja h ce oöjacHyßa co chjihoto BW3aHTHCKo BJiHJaHHe Bp3 öyrapcKHOT Aßop. Bo MafíeAOHHJa KHpHJiHLuaTa nopexKO ce ynoxpeoyBajia. ^Bere nwcvia 6njie cJdohojioujkh h peajiHO ro OApaiyBajie íkhbhot HaroBop Ha rjiacoBHTe. Pa3JiHKaTa bo öpojoT Ha 6yKBHTe ce aoji>kh Ha ynoTpeÖaTa Ha 3HaiiH iiito 03HanyBaax ABa rjiaca bo KHpHJiHinxra ra, le, H) (jen, Jon, ja, je, jy) h Ha ynoxpeÖaTa Ha 3Hatni 3a nnacoBH iiito ne 6hjic cBOJCTBeHH 3a CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK, a ce ynoTpeöyßajie hcto bo KHpwjTHiiaTa bo 3ÖopoBM Hpe3eMeHH OA rpHKHOT ja3HK: \\j (ncn), £, (kch). IlpeTiioHHTaifeeTO na niarojinnaTa bo OxpiiACKara KHHXceBHa uiKOJia h na KiipHJiiiuaTa bo flpecjiancKaTa e 6nTna pa3JiiiKyBaiiKa ocoöenocT na cxapoc;ioBenťKaTa iimcmchoct bo MaKeAOHHJa m bo Ryrapnja yiiire Ha catvurre iiomc iohh na ciOBeHCKara inicMenoc i. MCTOPHCKI4 PA3BMTOK. HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3HK 53 CPEJJHOBEKOBHH KHFT>KEBHM HIKOJTH BOMAKEAOHMJA nojj cpe^HoneKOBHa KHH>KeBHa uiKOJia ce nojnpasÖHpa nooöeMHa h noflonroTpaJHa KHiCKeBHa AeJHocT co 3aejiHHMKH ja3HHHH h npaßonMCHH ocoöeHOCTH Ha oflpefleHa TepHTOpHJa. Cpe^HoneKORHifOT nepilo^ no MüktMOiinja ce KapaKxepii3iipa co AeJHOi i;i Ha a b ľ Klinci, mm iijkojih: OxpujUľKaTa h KpaTOBCKin a. OxpHflCKaTa KHH>KeBHa ujKOJTa pa3BHJia öoraTa opnrHHajiHa h npenHiiiyBaHKa KHH5KeBHa ijeJHOCT bo nepHOflOT oj\ BTopaTa nonoBuna Ha IX BeK jjo cpejjHHaTa Ha XIV BeK Ha nomnpoKa TepnTopnja bo jyro3anaiiHa MaKCflOHHJa. Taa e ocoÖeHo aicTHBHa bo caivtHTe noneToiiH Ha cnoBeHCKaTa nHCMenocT bo MaKe,n,OHHJa npexy npocBeTMTejicKaTa jjejuocT Ha hcJ3hhhot ocHOBan h HaJHCTaKHaT npeTCTa bhhk, cbcth Kjihmcht OxpHflCKH h Hero-is hot cjieflöeHHK, CBeTM HayM OxpHflcioi, KaKO h 3a BpeMe Ha CaMyHJioBOTO napcTBO. Cbcth Kjihmcht Oxpn^CKH c ociioßonojio>KiiHK na cjiOBeiiCKaTa HHCMCHOCT h Kyjixypa bo MaKeflOHHJa. TepHTopnjaTa Ha Koja jjejcTByBajra OxpnjicKaTa iHKOJia ce noKJionyBa co enncKoncKaTa oÖJiacT na cbcth KjiHMeHT OxpHflcroi (Ha noiiiHpoKa TepHTopHJa bo jyro3anaflHa h ueHTpajiHa MaKejjOHHJa), no3HaTa bo HayKaTa noil, HMeTO KyTMHMeBHi;a, a paKonncHTe o/i, onaa iHKOJia conpxcaT janrcmi ocoöeHOCTH ofl 3anaAHOMaKeMOHCKHTe roBopH. Hajno3HaTH Meŕy hhb ce ^oôpoMHpoBOTO eBaHrejine, Bojiohckhot ncaimip, OxpHiicKHOT anocTOji, Bhtojtckhot TpHOA, MaKeflOHCKOTO eBanrejwe Ha non Jonaii h flpyrn. Oßaa HjKOJia flajia 3Haiiaen npH/joHec bo oqbopMyßaißeTo Ha HapoflHHOT, Ha KyjiTypHiiOT h Ha ja3HHHHOT H^eHTHTeT Ha MaiceaOHUHTe. HaJBaacHH ocoöeHOCTH Ha OxpwflCKaxa KHHxeeBHa lUKOJia ce 3a^paeT0 na nrarojinnaTa KaKO eflWHCTBeHo nncMo, npea cě, bo cTapocjiOBeH-CKHOT nepnon h aocJieflHO npoaojT>KyBatt>e Ha KHpHJio-MeToj^HeBCKaTa TpaflHUHJa. 3aflp^iyßaHjeTo Ha rjiarojiHuaTa e ocoöeHOCT Ha erapocnoBeHCKHOT nepHon. IloBpjaHocTa Ha CTapocjioBencKHTe paiconncH co MaKenoHHJa h co jjeJHOcra Ha OxpHjjcicaTa iuKOJia ocoöeno e Harjiacena bo AceManoBOTO eBaHrejine. Oboj paxonnc co/j,p>kh KajieH/jap co HMHH>a'ra Ha cecjioBeHCKUTe CBCTHTejlH KnpHJ] H MeTOAHJ H Ha CBCTH KJIHMCHT OxpHflCKH. 54 OniUTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3HK Aocjie^HOTo npoAojmynaike Ha KHpHJio-MeTOflHeBCKara TpajjHipija ocBen bo CTapocjioseHCKHOT nepnofl e ocoôeHocT h Ha MaKe^oncKaTa BapHJaHTa Ha upkobhocjtobchckkot ja3HK. KpaTOBCKaTa pa3BHJia öoraTa npocBeTHTejicKa h npeimiiiyBaHKa iHeJHOCT bo nepnoflOT oa XII na cě ao XVIII bck bo noBeice cpeAHOBeKOBHH u,cHTpn n MaHäCTnpn bo ceBepHa n bo HcT0ima MaKe^oHnja {oKOJiy rpaflOBHTe KpaTOBo, 3jieTOBO n KpHBa ľlajiaHKa, ocoôeHo bo JIcchobckhot MaHacTHp, bo Ocofobckhot, bo KapnHHCKHOT, bo m a h a ex h p Ol1 Cßern npoxop IThhhckh, bo MaHacTiipoT bo MaTejne n Apyrn). HeJ3HHaTa khh->kcbh3 fleJHocT e noTKpeneHa h co snanajno ynecTBO Ha c^eyjjanHHTe rocno-Aapn oň 'roj Kpaj. Taa ce na;u>Bp3a.ia Ha Tpa^Hin-íHTe Ha OxpHACKaTa KHH^íeBHa ujKOJia n npiiAOHecjia 3a 0flp3KyBan>eT0 Ha HapoAHHOT, Ha KyjiTypHHOT h Ha ja3HMHHOT H^eHTHTeT h a MaKejíOHHHTe bo ycjioBH Ha Tyŕa (BtnaHTHCKa, öyrapcKa, cpncKa, rypcKa) BJiacT. Kaj npenHiiiyBai]HTe oj; KpaTOBCKaTa KHHíKeBHa niKOJia nocToena ja3ľiHHa CBecT 3a noMHTyßaibe h 3a ynOTpeöa na ocoöchocthtc or OxpHA-CK3'ra KHHMíCBHa iuKOJia. Tne, hcto TaKa, cnoHTaHO BHecyBajie JasHHHU ocoÖeHOCTH ofl cesepHHTe h oa hctohhhtc MaKe^oHCKn roBopn, Hajno3HaTH paKonncn oa oBaa uiKOJTa ce BpaHeiiiHHHKHOT anocTOJT, PaAOMnpoBOTO eBaHrenne, JlecHOBCKHOT napeHe3HC, KapnHHCKOTo eBanrejine n Apyrn. PaKonncHTe oa OxpHActcaTa n oa KpaTOBCKaTa uiKOJia ce cosnaraaT eAHH co ApyrH cnopeA noBeŔe npaBonncHH n jä3HtiHn ocoÖenocTH. 3aeAHHMKHie npaBoniicnn u jaiimnii ocoGeiiocm na paKOiiiicirre oa OxpHACKaxa h oa KpaTOBCKaxa KiimKCBiia uiKOJia ja npercTaByeaaT MaKCAnHCKina itapujaina Ha hpkobhocjiobchckhot jaíiiK. MAKEflOHCKATA BAPHJAHTA HA qPKOBHOCJTOBEHCKHOT JA3HK FIoA BapnjaHTa Ha npKOBHOCJTOBeHCKHOT ja3HK ce noApa36npa ynoTpeöaTa na KapaKTepncTHHHH npaBonncHH n ja3Htinn ocoöeHOCTH bo paKonncHTe nnmyBaHH Ha 3aeAHHiiKH0T cjiobchckh jinrepaTypeH jaiHK Ha OApeA^Ha repHTOpnja. Oßne ocoôchocth önjie OApa3 Ha HapoAHHOT ja3HK na nnmyBaMOT n nocTeneno ce 3anBpcTyBajie bo upennuiyBaHKaTa npaKTHKa. PlaKO ce MajiyGpoJHH, Tne npHAonecyßaaT 3a npeuH3HO pa3Jin-KyßaH>e Ha inpKOBHoanoßeHCKHTe paKonncn cnopeA HapoflHaxa cpeAHHa bo Koja ce HacTaHaTH. H CľOF H CK M P A li B H TO K HA MA KEAOHCKM OT JA3HK 55 MaKenoHCKaTa BapujaHTa na upkobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK cc OAJiHKyBa co peAHua npenoana ivimbw h jiecHO 3a6ejiexjiHBH npaBonncHH h ja3HMHn ocoöeHocTH co Kon ÖHTHO ce pa3JiHKyBa 03; flpyrHTe BapujaHTH Ha u,pKOBHocjiOBeHCKHOT J33HK (neniKo-MOpaBCKaTa, 6yrapcKaTa, pycKaTa, xpBarcKaTa, cpncKaTa h SocaHCKaTa, KaKO h noflouHOKHaTa luianiKO-MOJinaBCKa) HacTaHara bo Apynrre cjiobchckh HapojjHn cpeflHHH bo koh ce ynoTpeöyBaji hpkobhocjiobchckhot jaiHK KaKO euHHCTBen /iHľepaTypen j a1 i M K. Bo ja3HMeH nomeA, paKomicHTe oa MäKcjioHCKaTa BapujaHTa ce HajiOBp3yBaaT na cTapociioBeHCKHTe paKonncHnacTanaTH bo MaKeAOHWJa. OcHOBHa KapaKTepHCTHKa Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha irpKOBHOcjio-BeHCKHOT jariHK e TpanniHioHajiHOCTa. Taa floaŕa flo H3pa3, npeA cě, bo nHCMOTO. HaKo ce cjiyHHJia npoMCHa bo ynOTpeöaTa Ha a36yKaTa, n HaMecro niarojiHuaTa ce Hajio>KHjiaKHpHJinnaTa, bo MaKenoHCKure paKonncn jiypn h bo XIII Bex ce cpeŔaBaaT uejín penpBH co rjiarojiHua. IlpuMep aa Toa e Bhtojickhot TpnoA- Bo ja3nneH norjiefl, paKonncnTe oa MaKeAOHCKaTa BapujaHTa ce HaAOBp3yBaaT Ha crapocnoBeHCKHTe paKonncn cnopefl BOKajiH3aHHJaTa Ha epoBHTe, a ce OAAenyßaaT oa hhb cnopeA ynoTpeÖaTa Ha hocobkhtc BoKajiMjaLiHJa Ha epoBHTe e rnacoBHa npoweHa co Koja nouy-caMorjiacKHTe jap h jep bo AafleHii nö3HUHH ce 3aMeHyBajre co caMomacKHTe o h e (HaABop oa OBHe no3HHHH, Ha npHMep, peAOBHo na KpajoT Ha 36opoT, epoBHTe ce ryöeJie). Oßaa ocoöeHOCT önjia ORpaä Ha >khbhot HapofleH H3rOBOp H e THI1HHHO MaxeAOHCKa. OcHOBiiaTa npaBonuciia KapaKTepHCTHKa na MaKeflOHCKaTa BapujaHTa e noiHara hoa hmcto Mematte na hocobkhtc Hmcho, bo MaiKyBa noceÖHo peryjiMpařte Ha hocobkhtc safl MeKHTe corjTacKH. TaKa, 3aA iu, m, ii, % s, kbko h 3aA/ ce nniiiyBajia rojTeMa HocoBKa (x) HaMecro Majia (a), a aaA h ', p ', ji ', c 'ce nninyBajia Majia HOCOBKa HaMecTo rojieMa. Toa ce 3a6ejie>KyBa bo npHMepHTe: míatra > wXTBd, yaab > Y/Kam, Wk^iiiK*h > h^^iiK'B, rAároAhx > TAdnjAA. Oßaa ocoöeHOCT e 0Apa3eHa bo >khbhot HapoAeH naroBop Ha 3ÔopOBBTe: jo3UK, jažyjia, juhmch h Apyrw. MaKeAOHCKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha npKOBHOcnoBeHCKMOT J33hk, HCToraKa, ce OA-HHKyBa h co peAwia flpyrH npeno3iiaTjiHBH ocoöenocTH, co koh ce OHJíHKyBaaT MaKeAOHCKHTe paKonncn. Toa 3Hann A^Ka cnopeA npaßo-iiHCHHTe n jaiiHMHHTe ocoôeHOCTM jiecHO Mo>Ke Aa ce oTKpne MaKeflOHCKOTO noTeKJio Ha koj 6hjio iipKOBHOcjioBeHCKH paKonnc. 56 OniIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKRflOHCKMOT JA3MK HapoAHojasHMHHTe ejreMeHTH bo cpejjHOBeKOBHWTe MaKe/ioHCKn paKonncH ro noKaxcyBaaT pa3BojoT Ha MaKôROHCKHOT ja3HK. n03MAMAJ] 111 MAKl/lOl ICKH CTlOMEHHUJi X BCK XI Be k XII Be k XIII BeK XIV BeK CaMynjTOBa njiOMa 3orpaobcKo eBanrejiHe AoÖpOMHpOBO cBaHrejine BOJTOHCKH ncanTHp JleCHOBCKH npojior BapouiKH narn n c MapHHHCKO cBaiirejiHe OxpHflCKll anocTOJi OpÖCJICKH TpHOfl JICCHOBCKH napeneinc HamHc Ha CTOJIÔOBHTC Ha UpKBaTa CßeTM HayM AccManoBO eBaHrejiwe CjieniiencKH anocTOJi ftewaHCKH ncajiTHp XjiyjjOB napHMeJHHK CimajcKH IICajTHTIIp EhTOJICKH TpHOfl PaflOMlipOBl) eßaHrejine ClIliajCKH eyxojiorayM rioroiuiHOB ncajiTHp Aoöpejinoßo CBaurejiHe BojaHCKH rtajiHMneecT MaKCJtOHCKO cBanrejinc Ha non JoßaH Bhtojickh IiaTÜHC BpaUCHIHHMKM anocTOJi 1. Oöhjih ce jia ro cnopejiHin CTapocnoBeiicKHOT npeßon, na One Hain co npeßojjoT Ha era ha ap ach MaKegORCKH jasHK (k&ko n co npeBOAnre Ha ApyrwTe cjtobchckh jasHirn): QVE Ndllľb H>KE ÉCI Nd NRCI • fr& CTITT> CA HM A TBOÉ. Ad npIßETh l|f'ÍCTBO TBOé. Ad riPŔAET RfiAt; TRíľK. feKO hú miTci h na ^emi. ^aIíi;i» nanu, njt^i|ihnhi A^>KAb NdlUľb ABNEC- H UCTdBH NaM AA'bľ'bl NdlllA • liliü H LITiH OCTABA'BEMb AAT>>KhNHKOMTj I Ulli IHM /> • H NE BbBEAl NdCb B"b HCKOyilJENHÉ ■ N'b H^RdRI HliH oo A/KKrtBrtdi'u. (AceMaHOßo eBaHreriHe, MaTej 6,9) HCrOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJ,OHCKMOT JA3HK 57 KoH CTapocjiOBCHCKH 36opOBM jiecno Morení Ha rií ripcno3Haein? Koh 36opoBW rn HCNta bo MaKe^OHCKHOT, a rn hm a bo ApyrHTe CJIOBCHCKH ja3HII,H? 2. Aa/ieiiH ce He kojí Ky cTapocjiOBCHCKH 30opOBH h hh bi í hot ripenoA Ha coBpeMeH MaKe^oHCKH ja3HK. Oôhah ce ßa ja o6jacHHHi pa3JiHKarra bo hhbhoto 3HaHeH>e: 6A4nb - jioöap, ro/\HNd - qac, npaNb - boj Ha, bpaniNo -xpana, /\pB>KrtRA - CHjia, BjiacT. 3. Koja THTyjia ja HMa cbcth Kjihmcht h co koj cBexei; ce noBp3yßa HeroBOTO HMe bo KajieH^apoT Ha KpajoT ofl AceMaHOBOTO eBaurejine: HJbCAlja HKIAITE UM CBATaľí) rMHTEAEHUllHd M^YeilHKa H CBAT'dTO CBATHTEAb IYŤÍ\A NaUJEľO KAHMEIITa EľlHCKOna BEAHYCKai'(). (BHHM3Baj: H>K e opoj.) 4. KaKo ce npeTCTaBeHH CBeTHTe KnpHJi h Mctoahj (koh thtvjih th HMaaT) bo KajieH/rapoT na AceMaHOBOTO eBaHrejine: a. yhcALja Toro ľ cBATaani oqa NawEio KbipHAa (|>HAocucJ>a-; 6. hnaMAThnycbriENHnplwbCNaarnonaNaniEiuMETO/\na■ ^p^HEiiHCKmia B'biuiN'biA MopaB'MH • fjpaTa npt>no/\üBNaro KT>ipnAa 4>HAücocf>a. 5. KaKO e aoöhch 3ÖopOT a36ytca, a KaKo 30opoT aôencda? 6. Koja peneHHira ce cocTaBVBa aKO ce noBp3aT HMHH>aTa Ha npBHTe neT 6yKBH bo crapocnoBeHCKaTa a3ÔyKa (a^b - jac, boyK'bi - 6yKBa, KHnra, BbA/bi - 3Hae, lAaioAH - 3Öopyßa, Ka>KVBa), a Koja aKO ce noBp3aT HMHH>aTa Ha ÔyKBHTC K, A, M H Ha ÖyKBHTe p, C, T? 7. CnopeAH ro 3ÔopOT GoyK-bi co aHrjiHCKHOT hjih co repMaHCKHOT 3f)op 3a KHUŽa. IIIto 3a6ejie>KyBaui? MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3MK Oft XIV J\0 XVIII BEK Bo HCTopHJaTa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOTja3HK ce HiAcnyBaaT ABa nepno^a: -cTapoMaKeflOHCKH (oa IX ao XVIII bck) m - HOBOMaKCAOHCKH (OA XIX BeK HaBaMy). CTapoMaKeAOHCKHOT nepnoA ce oAJiHKyßa co ynoTpeöaxa Ha CTapOCJIOBeHCKMOTJa3HK (OflIX AO XI BeK) H Ha IipKOBHOCnOBeHCKHOTJa3HK (OflXII ao XVIII BeK). OepHOAOT OA XII ao XVIII BeK bo ja3HlieH norjieA npeTCTaByBa u&-jiHHa npeKy Koja MO>Ke HayMHo ab ce cjieAH pa3BOJOT Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jajHK. 58 OnillTA rPAMATWKA HA MAKF./JOHCKMOT JA3HK HMeHO, oj\ XIT j\o XIÍI/XIV BeK npOAOJiacVBa CTapHOT THn Ha Maice-Aohckhot jaawK KapaKTepucTHMeH 3a CTapocjioBeHCKHOT nepno/i n npucyieH bo MaKejjoHCKaxa BapnjaHTa Ha hpkobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK Kaxo OApaj Ha cocTOJöaTa bo napoflHHOT ja3HK. MeŕyToa, oa XIV ao XVI BeK Beke hcjiocho ce ocJDOpMVBa coBpe- MeHHOT THIl Ha MaKCflOHCKHOT jaiHK peHMCH BO CHT6 MaKCflOHCKM TOBOptl. Oboj thh k3ko o;;pa3 na napo/iHMOT ja3HK ce 3anBpcryBa bo MaiceftOHCKäTa ja3HHHa npaKTHKa oa XVI ao XVIII BeK h npercTaBYBa AOÖpa ocHOBa 3a ocJDopMyBaH^e Ha coBpeMeHiioT MaKeAOHCKH JiHTepa-rypeH (cTaHflapfleH) ja3HK. Oa XIV ao XVIII bck ce ocJjopiwyBa h ce 3auBpcTyBa coBpeivieHHOT THn Hü MaKeAOHCKMOT jaJHK. OqbopMyBaH^eTo na coBpeMeHHOT ran na MaKeflOHCKHOT JaSliK h HeroBOTO 3au,BpcTyBaH>e oa XVI ao XVIII BeK ro cjieAHMe npeKy: UpOMenU GO U3ŽOGOpOUÍ - ynpocTyBaibc Ha BOKajiHHOT cHcreM (bo noBeŔeTO MaKeßoiicKH roBopH öpojoT Ha caMorjiacKHTe oa 11 nocTeneno ce naMajiyBa Ha 5); - 3aHBpcTyBaH>e Ha oahocot no 3ByMHocT Kaj corjracKMTe; - HaJi03KyBan>e Ha TpeTOCJioaceH aKneHT. fJpoMemi ao ipa.naüiuKaiüa - ynpocryBaH.e Ha rpaMaTMHKaTa crpyK'rypa Ha MaKeAOHCKMOT ja3HK, npH luto CTapHOT Ha H h h Ha HCKa>KVBaH>e Ha TpaMaTHHKHTe OAHOCH co noMouj Ha naAe*:h nocTeneHo ce 3aMeHyBa co hob Hanini Ha HCKa>Ky-Ban>e co noMom na npeAJi03H. TIpoMenu ao 3b~opoo6pa3yaajbemo, ao pemuiKoäi u ao (f)pa3eojiožujaiua -3acHJieHa ynoTpeÖa Ha npoAVKTMBHM 3öopoo6pa3yBaiiKn moacih KapaKTepHCTHHHH 3a HapOAHHOT ja3HK (HaMeCTO CrapOCJTOBeHCKHTe MOAejiH); - ynoTpeöa Ha 3ÔopoBn h qbpa3eojrorH3MH oa 3aeAHHiiKaTa 6aji-KancKa jieKCHKa h cJ3pa3eojiorHJa. MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3HK KAKO BAJIKAHCKH JA3MK Bo cBojoT HCTopHCKH pa3BHTOK jagtöpfte uiTo ce 36opyBaaT BO HenocpeAHa 6jiH3HHa ce h3jio>kchh Ha MeryceÖHH Aoinipn n BJiHJaHHJa. MCTOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3MK 59 MaKejtoHCKHOT ja3HK ce söapym bo HenocpenHa 6jiH3HHa co npyrirre jVjhuh in™ ce 30opyBaaT Ha EajiKaHCKWor nojiyocTpos: - co rpMKHOT; - co apoMaHCKHOT, co MerjieHopoMaHCKHOT; - co ajiöaHCKHOT; - co öyrapcKHOT n co cpncKHOT, onHOCHO co HeroBHTe jyroiiCTOHHi-i roBopn. HaKO npunaraaT Ha pa3JiHMHH noflrpyrm Ha HHnoeBponCKOTO ja3HMH0 ceMejcTBO, OBHe ja3Hi;H riOKaacyBaaT noBexe MeryceÖHH cOBiiaŕaH>a, HaJMHory bo cTpyxTypaTa Ha peneHHuaTa h bo penHHKOT, a bo noMaxia Mepa H BO H3rOBOpOT Ha TJiaCOBHTe. M a Ken o h c k h ot h n,pyrHTe öajixaHcxn ja3Hipi, hcto Taxa, pa3BHJie noBeŔe 3aen,HMMKH ijtjth bonpnnp co TypcxHOT jaiHX, co ornen; na neroBOTO noBCKCBeKOBHo npHcycTBO na BajixaiiCKHOT IlojiyocTpoB. Oßa e ocoÔcho H3pa3CHO BO SÖOpOBHHOT COCTaB. Toa ce rojixch na MefyceÖHOTo ornirreifae Ha 30opyBaMHTc na oBwe ja3Hin-i bo MHH3TOTO, npen, ce, Ha n,HJaneKTHO paMHHUiTe. Taxa, Ha npHMep, apoMaHCKHOT h MerjieHopoMaHCKHOT oncTojyBaaT caMO bo roBopeHa 4)optvia. Mmcho, MeŕyceOHHTe coBiiaŕaH>a HajnpBO npmjie no H3pa3 bo flHJajieKTHTe (bo HHBHaTa roBopeHa abopMa), a noToa ce on,pa3HJie h bo jíHTepaTypHHTe (cTaHnapnHHTe) ja3HU,H. Cenax, coBnaŕaH^aTa Meŕy öajixaHCXMTe ja3Hi;ii bo norojieMa Mepa ce KapaxTepHCTHHHH 3a nnjaneKTHTe Ha MaxenpHCKHOT ja3HK. KaKO h 3a nHJajieKTHTe Ha npyrHTe ÖajiKaHCKH ja3Hii,H, oTKOJiKy 3a CTaiinap/umTe ja3HHii. CoBnaŕaH>a'ľa Meŕy öajixaHCXHTe ja3HUH ce HapexyBaaT ÖajiKa- HH3MH. Bo HayxaTa 3a ja3HxoT, xaKO HaJTHnwMHH 6ajiKaHH3MH bo Maxe-flOHCKHOT h bo npyrriTe ĎaJTKaHCKH ja3HH,H, ce cMeTaaT: Annin i 'iiMKii iiaiiiNi Ha n ipaiyitan.o na fle>KHii o^hocm: hogck, od HoeeK, na HoeeK, ilped hobck, co hobck, 3a nose k hth. Ojpoenre Meŕy 36opoBHTe bo peneHHi^aTa ce HCKaacyBaaT co noMom Ha cocxaBH on, npen,-no3H h ejiHa omiiTa HMeHcxa qbopMa. AHaJTHTHMKHOT H3MHH Ha H3pa3yBaHJe nane>XHH o^hoch e 6 HTH a ocoöeHOCT Ha MaxenpHCKHOT J33HK. Hmüho, Taa e pe3yjiTaT na noBeice nponecH bo hctophcxhot pa3Boj Ha Ma k eno hckmot j a 3 h k koh npen,H3BHxaJie 60 OF IIIITA rPAMATMKA HA M AKF.JT.OHCKHOT JA3HK usMecTyBaifce Ha cTapnoT THn CHHTeTHHKa AeKjinnaiinja KapaKTepncTHHHa ia crapocjiOBeHCKHOT jä3HK (ncKa>KyBaH>e Ha ojjHOCHTe Meŕy 36opOBHTe bo pcieiiHu,aTa co noMoui Ha najjeiKHH (f>opMH). Oboj npou,ec peMHCH HejiocHO e 3aBpmeH bo MaKcjjOHCKHOT ja3HK, KaKO n bo öyrapcKHOT, nofieica BO pOMaHCKHOT. apOMaHCKHOT, MeiMieHOpOMaHCKHOT, rpMKHOT h ajiöaH- cKiioT o6hmho cc ynoTpeöyßaaT jiBe najje>KHH cjDopMH (eflHa HOMiiHaTHBHo-aKV3aTHBHa h ejjua reHHTHBHO-jjaTHBiia). Hjichckh nač rankii noeeKoiü, noeeKoe, HoeeKOH. YnoTpeôaTa Ha Tpn HH3H MjieHCKH HacT3BKH 3a onpejjejiyBaibe Ha HMeiiKaTa, KaKO n Ha ApyrHTe hmchckh 3BopoBH, HCTO TaKa, e ÖHTHa ocoöeHocT Ha MaKejjoHCKHOT ja3HK. PiMeHO, bo CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK HeMajio noceömi mjichckii HacTaBKH, a 3a onpejrejiyBaiBe na HMeHKaTa ce ynoTpeöyßajia noKa3na jaMeHKa no HMeHKaTa: yamkrkl:. Tb. Oßaa ynoTpeöa npeTCTaßyiia ocHOBa 3a pa3BOJ Ha nOCTn03HTHBHH MJieHCKH HaCTaBKH BO MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK, Kon ce coBna/jHajie co coojjBeTHHTe njiencKH MOpcJ)eMH bo upyrn're öajiKaHCKH ja3HH,n. CenaK, caMO bo MaKe/ioHCKHOT ja3HK ce jaByBa Tpoen HJieH bo nocTno3Hnnja, n,oj;eKa 3a ajiöaHCKHOT, 3a poMaHCKnoT, apOMaH-ckhot n MerjienopOMaHCKHOT e KapaKTepncTHHHa ynoTpeÖaTa h na npe- n03HTHBeH (npen, HMeHIOTa) H Ha I10CTn03HTHBeH HJieH. TpHKHOT ja3HK no3HaBa caMO npeno3HTeH HJieH, a bo öyrapcKHOT HMa caMO ejjeH HJieH koj pa3JiHKyBa ijpjira n Kyca (J)opMa. yflBOjyBaibe na npe^MeTOT: ľo eudoe noGenoíu. Oßaa oco6choct e bo Tečna BpcKa co oripeflejiyBaifceTO na HMeHCKHTe jGopOBH n ja onqpaka CTpyKTypaTa Ha npocTaTa peneunna. YjjBojyßaibeTO Ha npejiMCTOT He önno KapaKTepnCTHMHO 3a CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3iiK, TyKy nocreneHO ce jaBVBajio bo ncTopncKHOT pa3Boj Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT J33HK KaKO coBnaŕaH>e co coojjBCTHHTe moju e ji h na npocTaTa penennua bo flpyrnTe ÔajiKaHCKH ja3Hnn. YnoTpeßa Ha jja-KoncTpyKH|HH: JJa ce suae - da ce umü. Oßaa ocoÖeHocT ce jaByBa HaMecTO CTapnoT hhc|)hhhthb, koj bo ojTpejjeHa Mepa e 3anyBaH bo pom3hckhot (bo koj ce coBna^Hajia co rjiarojicKaTa HMeHKa) n bo ajiôancKnoT, KaKO h bo cpncKHOT. Mhcj^hhhthbot, ßcyninocT, e Hejinnua niarojicKa cf)opMa, KapaKTepncTHMiia 3a CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK, ho bo ncTopncKHOT pa3ßoj Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK HeroBaTa ynoTpeôa ce 3aMeHyBajia co fla-KOHCTpyKU,njaTa, KaKO n co rjiarojicKa HMeHKa: He iüpei'xi cedewe, lüpeöa paôouiewe. 06pa3yBaH*e h^iio Bpeivie co (J)opMii lOBejjeiiH ojí rjiarojioT cana: ke dojdoM, Ke ôojôeiu, ke dojde. HcTopncKH, bo MaKeflOHCKHOTja3HK ojj OBne HCTOPMCKM PA3BHTOK MA MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3MK 61 apopMH e H3Benena qecTHHKaTa Ŕe co Koja ce oöpasyßa hhhoto, KaKO n MHHaTOTO-HAHO H HHHOTO npeKaxaHO BpeMe. Bo CTapOCJlOBeiICKHOT ja3HK, h/jho BpeMe naJMecTO ce HCKa^íyBajio co ceranmo BpeMe o/i cBpmeHH ijiaroíMi: a^h npH^x. jac npjnaM, ho h onHCHO co noMOUi Ha marojíHTe hmťíth (HMa), 1ATH (3eivie, dpaKa), ybTRTH (caKa): ^oujtx npHTII. YnoTpeöaTanadpopMHon,rjrarojroT^bTt>THce coBnanHajTacoynorpeÖaTa Ha rjiarojíHTe co hcto 3Haneii>e bo npyrHTe ÖajiKaHCKH ja3Hn,H, na ce Hajio-mKHJT aHaJIHTHMKHOT IiaMHII Ha CTeneHyBafte Ha npnnaBKHTe co noMoui na MopdpeMHTe no- h naj- npen npHnaBKaxa. Oßne c£>opMH ce coBnaŕaarr co coonßeTHHTe aHajíHTHHKH qbopMH bo npyrHTe öanKancKH ja3HU,H. Cnopen, 3acTaneHOCTa, 6ajiKaHH3MHTe HajnecTo ce ynoTpeöyßaa i bo MaKenoHCKMOT ja3HK, ocoöeno bo AHJajieKTHTe Ha MaKenpHCKHOT jaiHK, a HaJMHory rn HMa bo 3ananHOTO MaxenoHCKO Hapenje. Bo nnjaneKTHTe, HCTOTaKa, noßeKe ceynoTpeöyBa jreKCHKa KapaKTepncTHHHa h 3a npyniTe öajTKaHCKH ja3Hi;H. Hmcho, bo hrb ce cpeŔaBa 3aenHHHKa jreKCHKa noBpsaHa co naiHHOT Ha íkhbotot bo MHH3TOTO (wcxpaHa, ypen,yBaH>e Ha jiomot, oÖJieKa, CTOMapCTBo). IlorojieM nen o a oßaa jreKCHKa e o a TypCKHOT ja3HK, ho ce cpeKaBaaT 36opoBH oj\ CHTe ÔaxiKaHCKM jasním. Bp3 ocHOBa Ha MeŕyceOHHTe coBnaŕan>a, ja3HHHrre na EanKaucKHOT uojiyocTpoB o6pa3yBaaT ja3HLieH cojy3, no3HaT bo HayKaTa KaKO ôajiKaHCKH jasHHCH cojy3. KaKO thhhhhh ii peTcxa b h h i i; h na öanKancKHOT ja3H'ien cojy3 ce jaByBaaT MaKeAOHCKHOT, ÖyrapcKHOT, rpiiKHOT, anöaHCKHOT h poMan-CKHOT ja3HK. Koh oboj cojy3 ce npHApy^íyBaaT h jyroncTOMHHTe cpncKH roBopn, KaKO h apoMancKHOT h MerjieHopoMaHCKHOT, koh ce ynoTpeöyßaaT ca mo bo roBOpeHa qbopMa. IIIHPEH>E HA OYHKUHHTE HA HAPO3HHOT JA3HK ► JA3HKOT HA AAM ACKMHHTE ► MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO T1PBATA nOJIOBMHA HA XIX BEK ► MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO BTOPATA OOJTOBHHA HA XIX BEK ► YHEEHHKAPCKATA FTEJHOCT BO MAKEAOHH.TA ► norJlEflMTE HA KPCTE nETKOB MHCHPKOB 3A MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH J A3 H K ► KOAH^HKAUHJA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH JA3HK ► yjIOTATA HA BJIAXE KOHECKH BO KOAMOHKAUH-.1 ATA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH (CTAH-AAPAEH) JA3MK IHMPEIfcE HA OYHKUHHTE _65 HA HAPOAHHOT JA3HK KaKO jTHxepaTvpcH (cTaH/uip/ieH) ja3HK, upkobhocjiobchckhot bo nepHOAOT OA XII ao XVIII bôk ce ynoTpeöyßaji caMo bo HHinyaatHa c|x)pivia. Toj ja 3aAp>KajT ocnoBHaTa (J)yHKiiHJa HacjiejjeHa oa CTapocno-BeHCKHOT h ÖHJT J33HK Ha 6oroc;iy>K6aTa. McTOBpeMeno, toj 6hji ja3HK Ha npeßOAnaTa JiHTepaTypa, a nocTe-neno noHHaji j\a ce ynoTpeöyßa h k3KO ja3HK Ha aAMHHHCTpaHHJara. npeBOAHaTa JiHTepaTypa Önjia ncKJiyiiHBO co pejnirnojHa coAP>Kiina, a aAMHHHCTpaTHBnaTa BjracT ÔHJia noBpsana co npxoßnaTa. npoiiiHpyBařfceTO h 3ro.neMyBaH.eTo Ha cjyyHKiiHHTe na iihcmchiiot ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa, cenaK, hc ce Bpsyßa 3a hpkobhocjiobchckhot, TyKy 3a MaKeAOHCKHOT napoACH ja3HK, koj o6hhho ff)VHKTiMOHHpaji bo roBopena qpopMa. Bo iiMiuyBaHa cJ3op\ia, HapoAHHOT ja3HK Roara H3pa3 npeKy nocAHneMHH ocoôenocTH iiito ce cpeŔaBaaT bo upKOBHOCJiOBeHCKHOt ja3HK. OcoÔeHOCTHTe oa HapoAHHOT ja3HK MOHJHe paHO noHHVBaaT j\a ce ynoTpeöyßaaT bo opnrHHajiHHTe sannoi Ha npemraiyBaHHTC. MMeno, na MaprHHHTe na paKonncHTe THe oeraBajie moiiihc ane-naTjTHBH sannen 3a cBojara npeiiHiiiyBaHKa acJhoct, KaKO h öejieniKH sa Tora ui h h HacTaHH. , TaKa, upKOBHOCJioßeHCKHOT ja3HK ja iaAp^cyBaji c^yHKíinjaTa Ha jasHK Ha npeBOAHaTa JiHTepaTypa, a mbkcaohckhot HapoAeH ja3HK ja npe-3eMaji cJ3yHie 3a MaKeAoucxaTa Haiwonajina HCTopHJa. Ilpeny ynoTpeöaTa na oco6enocTiiTe oa napo ihhot ju3HK bo opinLiiiaiiiii i e noeTCKH samicu Aoaŕa ao inpa í ecTeTCKara ({tyHKunja Ha jasitKoi. a npeKy 11 n una 1 a yiiOTpeöa bo jieTOimCHara jiHieparypa -oöeAWHyBaHKaTa. 66 OnilITA rPAMATMKA HA MAK HAOHCK HOT J A311K MaKeflOHCKHOT Hapo;i;eH ja3HK, HCTO TaKa, nocTenetio npe3eMa j\qj\ □A cj)VHKn,MJaTa Ha ja3HK Ha anMHHHCTpaiiHJaTa. npHToa, TpeÖa jj,a ce HMa npeABHA npsrcycTBOTo Ha ryfa ajxMnmt- CTpaTHBHH BJiaCTH BO MaKe^OHHJa, KOH KaKO aAMHHHCTpaTHBeH ro Hajio>KyBajie cbojot jadrne (BiraaHTHCKaTa BJiacT - rpHKHOT, cpncKaTa -cpncKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha udkobhocjiobchckmot, rypcKaTa -TypcKHOT). Ho, BO OflflOnHH npaBHOajíMHHHCTpaTHBHH TCKCTOBH KaKBH I1ITO ce, Ha npHMep, MaKe^oHCKure rpaMOTH, co koh ce noKa>KyBa HMOTHara concTBeHOCT Ha MaKeAOHCKHTe Ma'HacTnpn, ce HaMajiyBa ynoTpe6arra Ha UPKOBHOCJIOBCHCKMOT ja3HK H CC 33HBpCTyB3 yilOTpeôaľa MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3iiK. TpaMOTHTe HanHiuaHH Ha MaKeflOHCKii HapoßCH ja3HK ro noiKy- BaaT MaKCAOHCKHOT OTHOp CIipeMa TyŕaTa LTpKOBHOaAMHHHCTpaTHBHa BJiacT. Each oa HajyÖaBHTe npiiMepn 3a Toa e KajiiiMaHOBaTa rpaMOTa oa noMcroKOT Ha XVI bck. CaMOCTOjiiocTa na MaKeAOHCKara u,pKBa bo MHnaTOTO, iipeKy ynoTpeöara Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA^H ja3HK ocoöcho ftoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo MaKeAOHCKHTe koahhh - paKoriHCHH khhth co 3anncH 3a AapHTCJiHTe Ha MaKeAOHCKHTe ManacTHpH. HaJAOÖap npHMep 3a Toa e TpecKaßeMKHOT KOAHK. MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK, hcto TaKa, Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo tgkctobh co npaKTHMHa HaMeHa, nwcMa h MeryceÖHH AoroBopu Ha JiyŕeTo (najiiecTO bo TproBHJaTa), KaKO n bo Apyru 3anncH co pa3JiiiMeH Kapakiep, HaTnucH Ha upKBH h MaHacrapH h cjihmho. Ocbch iuto OApa3yBaaT 3HaiiaJHH OCOÔeHOCTH OA pa3BOJOT Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT ja3HK, OBHe TeKCTOBH COAP>KaT h 3HawaJHH noAarouH 3a KyjiTypHaTa HCTopnja Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT Hapoa, KaKO h ÔoraT OHOMacTHHKH MaTepHJaA (hmum Ha Ayŕe n Ha MecTa). npeKy ynoTpeöaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT Hapojjci-i jasHK bo rpaMOTHTe, bo KOAHUHTe h bo TeKCTOBHTe co npaKTHMHa HaMena, noKpaj oôeAUHy-Ba'iKaTa, nocTeneHo Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 cHMÖojiHWHaTa (pyinanija Ha ja3HKOT. IflHpeflbeTO Ha cjrynKUHHTe na MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK bo noeTCKHTe 3aimcH, bo jieronncHHTe öejieiiiKH, bo rpaMOTHTe, bo koahuhtc h bo TeKCTOBHTe co npaKTHMHa HaMeHa HMajio cnoHTaH KapaKTep. MMeno, nHCMeii ja3MK 6ha upkobhocaobchckhot, na iiwnyBaHHTô cnoHTaHo m ynoTpeôyBajie ocoôeHocrHTe Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT h apo ach j a3 h k . CßecHa ynoTpeöa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK KaKO nncMCH Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo MaKeAOHCKaTa AaMacKHnapcKa jwTepaTypa. IUMPEHjEHA *yHKUMMTE HA HAPOAHHOT JA3MK 67 JA3MKOT HA AAMACKMHHTE ypKOBHOCJIOBeHCKHOT JŕľiHK HMHJT HapOAHOJa3HHHa OCHOBa, HO Bp3 jy>KHOMaKen;oHCKHTe roBopn oa crapocji obc í i ck n (> t nepno/b Bo TCKOT Ha peMMCH ceflyM BeKa (oa IX ao XVI) bo HapoflHHOT ja3HK HacTaHajie noBeice npoivieHH co koh toj 3HanHTejiHO ce oAAaJiennji oa cBojaTa CTaiiAapAH3HpaHa npojaßa, crapocnoBeHCKHOT jiHTepa-rypen jaawx, h cTanaji bo H3BecHa \iepa hcaobojiho pajÖHpjiHB 3a coBpeMennTe reHe-pannn. HaBJieryBaH,eTO Ha HapoAHoja3HiiHHTe ocoôchocth bo irpKOBHO-cjioBCHCKHTe TeKCTOBH e nocTaneH nponec. ÜHCMeHiiOT ja í 11 k íioKU/Kvitn noroJieMa i pa utmioim moc t oa ro- BOpiUIOT. riapajrejiHo co nncMeHaTa ynoTpeöa Ha hpkobhocjiobuhckhot jaiHK, KaKO ja3HK Ha nHCMeHOCTa nocreneHo ce npojaßyßa h MaKeAOHCKMOT HapoAeH ja3MK. rTHCMCHaTa ynoTpeöa na MaKeflOHCKHOT iiapoAen jaawx bo oboj ne-pHOA ce OAJiHKyBa co abc 6hthh ocoöchocth: cnoHTaHOCT m CBecHOCT. Co Toa ce o6e36eAyßa pasönpjiHBOCT h npncranHOCT Ha HHuiyBaHHTe tckctobh. CnoHTaHocTa Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 npexy nocreneHo BKJiynyBai-be HapoAHOJa3HHHH ejieivieHTH bo ja3HKOT Ha nHCMeHOCTa. IlpHToa, OAAe/mn (OÔHMHO HeAOBOJIHO paiGnpjIHBM) UpKOBHOCJIOBeHCKH ja3HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH ce 3aMeHyBaaT co ja3HMHn ocoöeHocra ujto ce nopa36upjiHBH h nojacHH n 3a npennujyBaHHTe n 3a HapOAOT. Toa 3H3HH a^Ka jasHKOT Ha nncMeHocxa BO OCHOBa e UpKOBHOCJIOBeHCKH CO OCOÖeHOCTH OA HapOAHHOT ja3HK. Oßaa ocoôeHOCT ce cpeKaßa bo MaKeAOHCKHTe paKonHcn oa XIV ao XVI BeK, a ocoöeHo e KapaKTepHCTHHHa 3a soopHMLiwre co MeuiaHa C0Ap>KHHa, oa koh e Hajno3HaT Thkbchikhot aöopHHK. Ho, bo nepnoAOT oa XVI ao XVIII BeK oßaa nojaßa Aoönsa cßeceH KapaKTep. Cbcchoto BKjrynyßaH.e Ha ocoöeHocmTe oa HapOAHHOT ja3HK nocTeneHO ce HajioxyBa bo cpeAHHaTa Ha XVI BeK co nojaßaTa Ha eAeH noceöen bha JiHTepaTypa, noiHaTa noA HMeTo A^MacKHHapcKa. Bo oboj nepHOA ja3HKOT n nommiMy bo OCHOBa e hpkobhocjiobchckh co 3HaiiHTejiHo norojieM öpoj ocoöchocth oa HapOAHHOT jasiiK. Cbcchhot oahoc Ha npennmyBanHTe cnpexia ja3HKOT Ha AaMacKHHHTe ce 3a6ejie>KyBa n bo HacjiOBHTe Ha AaMacKHHapcKHTe nernBa. Bo noBeie no npKBHTe, ho moiihic 6p3o ce pacnpocTpaHHJie h Hai^Bop oa upKBaTa. HMeHO, ocbch hdkobhm nponoBCßH, t ne coAP>Kejie npHKajHH, jiereHflH, ohhch Ha HacTaHH 11 jthhhocth CBp3aHH 3a XpHCTHJaiiCTBOTO, K3KO H TOJIKyBaißa na nOJjaTOHH OA noBeŔe HayxH bo corjiacHOcr co ToraujHHOT norjieA Ha cbctot. Co HacjiOBOT Tecaypyc, BcyniHocT, ce HamacyBa HHBHaTa ynoTpeöa, ocBeH koko neTHBo naMeneTo 3a wran»e, h KaKO cbocbhach peHHHK 3a npeBOA oj\ CTaporpHKH (k3ko ja3HK Ha aHTHMKaTa JiHTepaTypa) h cpejJHorpMKH (xaKO ja3HK Ha upKOBHaTa JiHTepaTypa) Ha HOBorpMKH. J^aMacKHHHTe, nor; HacjiOB CoKpoeuiuiue, pennen Be/uiain no HHBHOTO nenaTeHae Ha HOBorpiKH ja3iiK ce npeBeAemi bo MaKCflOHUja Ha UpKOBHOCJIOBeHCKH j33HK CO OCOÖCHOCTH OA HapOflHHOT ja3HK H Ce UJHpeJie npeKy paKonwcuM KHHrn. Co hhbhhot MaKeAOHCKH nacuoB Cotcpoeuuiüie jacHO ce HarjiacyBa 3HaMen>eTO ujto My ce Aaßa Ha HapOAHHOT ja3HK, ocoöcho Ha jieKCHKaTa, KaKO cbocbhaho HapOAHO öoraTCTBO. Tne ja naAonojiHyßaaT HjiaiHHHaTa oa Apyr bha cBeTOßiia JiHTepaTypa, Koja bo 3anaAHoeBponcKHTe 3eMJH BCKe ce uinpena Ha HapoAeH ja3HK. Bo XVI b ľ k bo Eßpona npeoßjiaAyßa crpcMcxcoT Aa ce ynoTpeöynaaT 3anaAHoeBponcKHTe napojím ja umu kakoja31111.11 Ha. un epa t\ para h Aa ce H3AHriiyßaaT na CTeiieii na jiHTepaTypiiH (cTanAapAHii) ja3HUH. Oboj CTpeiweaí e KJiynna ocoöenocT na eupoiukaia peiiecaiica h naoŕa cboj pea ich o'ipaj bo janikoi Ha Makeaoiickhtc AaMacKHim. Co ja3HKOT Ha AaMaCKHHHTe BO MaKCAOHCKHTe HpKOBHOCJlOBeHCKH TeKCTOBH jacHO ce nocTaijyBa oahocot Meŕy upkobhocjiobchckhot h na-poAHHOT ja3HK h ce pa3rpaHWMyBa HHBHaTa ynoTpeöa: npKOBHOcjiOBeiicKHOT J33HK ce ynoTpeôyBa bo HHTaTH oa Cbctoto hhcmo h oa ApyrHTe upKOBHH Ili.lľi IM HA tl>y HKUHMTE HA H A POAHMOT J A3 M K 69 KHura, a HapoAHHOT ja3HK npeoBjiaflyiia bo TOJiKyBaítaTa h bo KOMeHTapMTe Ha UHTaTHTe. TaKa, npeKy upkobhocjiobchckhot J33hk ce o6ejie>KyBa bhcokhot CTHJi Ha H3pa3yBan>e, a npeKy HapoflHHOT - hhckhot. To a npn- flOHeeyBa 3a CTHJICKaTa pa3HOBHAHOCT Ha ja3HKOT H 3a 3HaMHTeAHO nponiH- pyBatbe na ynoTpeöaTa Ha HapOflHHOT ja3MK. HcroBpeMeHO, co J33hkot Ha Aa MaCKHHHTe Ce BpLUH H3ÖOp Ha H3pa3HHTe CpeflCTBa Ha M3KeAOHCKHOT jaiHK, npM iiiTo npKOBPiocnoBeHCKaTa jieKCHKa ce 3aMeHyBa co HapOAHa. riperiHiiiyBaMHTe Ha jj,aMacKHHHTe cbgcho h h t e p b e h h p a ji e bo tckctot, He caMO bo oahoc Ha ja3HKOT TyKy h bo oflHOC Ha coflp>KHHara. Taxa, jiaMacKHHHTe on XVITÍ h ojj XIX BeK ne ce oönnen npennc oa nocTap paKOHHc, TyKy ce npepacKa^ami h CKyceHH Bep3HH. Oobckcto o/j hhb ne-jiocHO ce oflflajieweHH oa CBOjara qpKOBHOcnoBeHCKa npejyioujKa h ce HanHiuaHH na MaKeAOHCKH napoAeH ja3HK co Maji 6poj npKOBHoanoBeHH3MM. ripn npepacKa>KyBaH,eTO h npn CKpaTyBaH^eTO Ha AaMacKHHMTe floaŕa no H3pa3 TBopenKaTa cjioôoAa Ha npenmnyBa«örre h bo nonien. Ha J33HKOT h bo nomeA Ha jíHTepa'rypaTa. MaKc^oHCKaTa AaMacKHHapcKa jíHTeparypa HMa uonra, TpiiBCKOBHa TpaAHqHJa. Hajno3HaT MaKe/40hckh naiviacKHH e Kphmhckhot/jaMacKHH. Toj cnaŕa Meŕy HajcrapHTe h HajoöeMHHTe naviacKHHw h Henocpe^HO ro cjrenw TeKCTOT Ha rpMKHOT opMTHHaji. ľloHOBHTe flaMacKiiHH ce KyCH, a HeKOH OA hhb ce oômhhh 3ÖopHHH,h co pa3JiHiiHa cojip>KHHa. TaKa, co OBa HMe ce on-4>aKaaT eine paKonncHH iöopHHHM HannuiaHH na naponeH ja3HK. ľlpHroa, 3a pa3JiHKa oa npBiiTe AawiacKHHH, koh ce Hanniiiann na hpkobhocjiobchckh ja3HK co ocoöeHOCTH OA HapoAHHOT j33hk, nocjieAHMTe ce HannujaHu Ha h h ct MaKeAOHCKH HapoAen roBOp. .In íiikoi na i a Ma c k n h m ľ c ro o3iia'iyita upciviiino t <»i upKOitno-CJiOBencKn bo mukcmoiickii iiapoAcii jaiiik. MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3MK BO HPBATA TIOJIOBHHA HA XIX BEK ripBaTa nojioBuna Ha XIX bck ro 03naiiyBa noMCTOKOT na hobo- MaKeAOHCKHOT nepHOA OA pa3BOJOT Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT HHCMeH H JlHTe- paTypeH ja3HK. Bo oboj nepHOA penne« uejrocHO e naMajiena ynoTpeöaTa Ha npKOBHOcjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK bo MaKeflOHHJa h ce ac}3HpMHpa ynoTpeöaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapOACH ja3HK. UpKOBHocAOBeiicKMOT ja3HK ja 3a,qp}KajT caMO ynoTpeöaTa KaKO ja3HK Ha npKOBHOTo neeibe, h Toa npeKy ynoTpeöa Ha pycKH nenaTeHH 70 OniIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOTJA3MK Kiinrn, KOH rn saMcnnjie Aoxoranmnxe paKonncHH Kiinrn mxo ce ynoTpeöy-Ba/ie bo MaKeflOHCKHre npKBH h MaHacxnpn. Toa, ceKaKO, ce OApa3HJio h Bp3 ynoxpeöaxa Ha ocoöeHocxnxe Ha HapoAHnox ja3HK bo npKOBHaxa jiHTepaTypa. O a flpyra CTpaHa, ce 3acHJiyBa BJinjaHnexo o a coceAHnxe HapoAM, rpHKHOT, cpncKMOT h ôyrapcKnox, KOH npcKy pa3JiHHHH cpopMH (upKBa, TproBHJa, o6pa30BaHHe hth.) rn naMexnyBaax cBonxe ja3nnn Bp3 MaKe- AOHIJHXe. Oßaa cnxyaqnja ce ycjTOXHyBa h co ynoxpeöaxa Ha xypcKHOx ja3HK, npeA cě KaKO ja3HK Ha aAMHHHCxpannjaxa. Tpeöa A3 ce HMa npeABHA A^Ka bo oboj nepnoA MaKeAOHCKnox HapoA e bo CBOHTe cthhmkh rpaHnu,n boTypcKaxa HMnepnja, koj a He Hajiara HH BepcKa HH jasHHHa AOMHHanHJa h Koja \iy A03BOJiyBa Ha MaKeAOHCKOTo HacejieHHe pejiaxiiBHa cjioöoAa bo ynoTpeöaTa Ha ja3HKOx h Ha pejinrnjaxa. CoceAHHTe HapOAH ja 3Jioynoxpe6yBaax 3a cboh u,ejiH oBaa cnxyainíja h ro 3acHJiyBaaT cbojot HHTepec bo MaKCAOHHJa. McTOBpeMCHo, bo oboj nepnoA ce o^opMyBa MaKeAOHCKOxo rpaŕaHCKo onnixecxBO, Koe MHCHCTHpa Ha CBOJa caMocxoJHocx, npeA cě, Ha caMocToeH MaKeAOHCKH na3ap. Bo ocxBapyBaH>exo Ha CBOHTe uejiH bo TproBHJaTa Toa xpmyBa TOKMy oa ja3HKOx n oa o6pa30BaHiiexo, npeKy HaMajiyBafte Ha ynoxpeöaxa Ha coceAHnxe ja3imn, npBO Ha rpnoiox, koj ce HaMeTiiyBaji KaKO 3aeAHHHKH jasHK Ha xproBnjaxa, Ha oöpajoBaiinexo m Ha npaBocjiaBnaTa 6orocjiy>KÖa bo TypcKaxa HMnepnja, a noToa n Ha cpncKHOT h Ha öyrapcKHOT. Bo rra k ob oninxecxBeH KonxeKcx bo npBaxa nojioBHHa na XIX bck CTBHyBa aoyejiHO npauiaH>exo 3a nncMeHnox ja3MK bo MaKeAOHnja. Toa e ocoÖeHO aKxyejTHO no ynoxpeöaxa Ha npBnxe nenaxemi npKOBHOCjiOBeHCKu Kiiurn oa Pycnja, KaKO h no Henpn4>aKaH,exo na coceAnnxe ja3Hii,H KaKO ja3HHH Ha ormrxecxBeHaxa cpeAHHa bo MaKeAOHnja. 3HannxejieH npHAOHec bo pa3BpcKaxa Ha OBaa ja3Hlma cnxyauxija AaBaax npBHxe MaKeAOHCKH nncaxejin. norJIEAMTE 3A JA3HKOT HA I1PBHTE MAKEAOHCKH n HC ATE JIH npBHxe MaKeAOHCKH nncaxejiH, JoaKHM KpnoBCKH n Knpnji Hej-HHHOBHK, ja 3anBpcTyBaax cBojaTa yjiora bo o(f)opMyBan>exo na bhaox Ha nncMemiox ja3HK bo MaKeAOHnja npeKy aBxopnxexox Ha nenaxeHaxa KHnra. IÍIMPEHjE HA tDyHKUMMTĽ HA HAPOAHHOT JA3HK 71 HMeHo, TH6 ja npHc]iaKaaT h ja npo^on^yBaaT BocTanoBeiiaTa MaKeflOHCKa TpaAHUHJa 3a npenHinyBaH>e flaMacKHHapcKa JíHTepaTypa, ja npe3eMaaT Bp3 ceôecn yjiorara Ha AaMacKHHapHTe h ja 33iH3pcTyB3aT co nanenaTeHHTe khh™ co koh ce o6e36eri,yBa ujHpoK Kpyr HHTaTeJiH, ripHToa, 3a pajJíHKa oa npenHuiyBaMHTe Ha paKonncHiiTe jj,aMacKHHH ojí XVIII BCK, kom, rjiaBHo, HHHjyBajie Ha OAflejiHH MaKeAOHCKH roBopn, tmc ja nponiHpyBaaT HapoAHOJ33HHHaTa ociiOBa bo cbohtc nenaTenH KiiHrn, HMaJKH ja npuToa iipeflBHA noTpeöaTa KHHraTa j\a ce nnuiyBa Ha iiapoACH j33hk HJTO Ke ÖH^e AOCTaiieH AO riOHIHpOK Kpyr MHTaTeJIH. TaKa, npH iiHinyBaH>eTO Ha napOAeH ja3HK KpHOBCKH rn ynoTpeöyßaji CeBCpOHCTOMHHTe MaKeAOHCKH i OBOpH, HO BHecyBaJI H ja3HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH CBOJCTBeHH 3a 3anaAHHTe m3kcaohckh roBopH. HapoAHara ocHOBa, naK, Ha ja3HKOT Ha neJHHHOBHK Ce OCf)OpMyBa Bp3 HerOBHOT pOA^h TeTOBCKH rOBOp CO 3HailHTCJieH ÖpOJ OCOÖCHOCTH OA APyPHTe MaKCAOHCKH rOBOpH. Co J33HKOT Ha npBHTe MaKeAOHCKH nenaTeHH khhtm Ha KpHOBCKii n na rieJHHHOBHK ee o6e36eAyB3 nmpoKa napoAHoja3HiiHa ocHOBa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HHCMeH J33HK, Ce o6e3ÖeAyßa COBpeMeHHOT THH Ha MaKeAOHCKH0TJa3HK h ce OTBOpa iiaTOT 3a oci)opMyBaH.e Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. KaKO cjieAÖeHHHH Ha AaMacKHHapnTe, THe ro 3aAp>KyBaaT oahocot UpKOBiiocjioBciK'ivn ja hik — napokon ja íiik. flpHToa, iiacycuTe Ha upKOBHO- CJTOBeHCKH ja3HK Ce IHTTaTH OA UpKOBHHTe KHHrH, 3H3HH, He Ce aBTOpCKH TCKCTHa npBHTC MaKeAOHCKH nHcaTCJiH, a HapoAHHOTja3HK ce ynoTpeöyßa BO HHBHHTe 06jaCHyBaH>3 H KOMeHTapH K3KO J33HK Ha HHBHMTe aBTOpCKH TeKCTOBH. TaKa, upkobhocjtobchckhot ja3HK ja FipeseMa c^ynKunjara na BHCOK cTHji, a HapoAHHOT ja3HK Ha HH30K CTHji Ha H3pa3yBan.e. npH ynoTpeÖarra Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoACH ja3HK, KpHOBCKH h FI ej hhhobhk, OCBeH HapOAHOJaSHHHHTe H3p33HH CpeflCTBa, KOpHCTeJie H TypH,H3MH, n03H3TH BO HapOAHHTe TOBOpH, H CO hhb OÖjaCHVBaJie AVpH H ancTpaKTHH iiohmh h coap>khhh oa xpncTHjaHCKaTa pejinrnja. HMeHo, norojieM Aen oa upKOBHocnoBeHCKaTa rpaMaTHKa h jieKCHKa BeKe He mm ÖHJie no3HaTH Ha M3kcaohckhtc wraTejiH, na ce jaByB3Jia noTpe6a rue Aa ce oÖjacHaT co 3ÖopoBH ihto öhjic bo aKTHBHa ynoTpeöa Meŕy MaKeAOHCKHTe poACHH 3ÖopyBaiiH. Taxa, bo jiQuara Ha Kpmobckh h na neJHHiioBMK ce nocTaßyBa napa/iejia Meŕy 3a6op3BeH3xa oniiiTOCJiOBeHCKa jieKCHKa m aKTyejiHaT3 6ajiK3HCKa JieKCHKa. Oßa3 nap3.ne.na Ke nocjiy>KH 3a noBTopHO BKJiyHyBaH-e Ha cTapn MaKeAOHCKH 3öopoBH bo peniiHKOT i-ia COBpeMeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH J33HK. Co Toa ce OTBOpa npoAecoT Ha H3AHrHyB3H>e Ha mskc- 72 OmiJTA ľ? A M ATM K A HA M AKEflOHCKHOT J A311K Aoiiľkhot jaiWK na paHT Ha JíHTcpaTypcH ja3HK napajiejnio co nponecHTe Ha CTanflapflH3aHHJa Ha ApyrHTe cjioBeHCKH JíHTepaTypHH ja3HHH. ^ejioTo Ha KpnoBCKH h rieJHHHOBHK HMajfio cboh npHBp3aHHHH Meŕy MaKefloiicKHTe HHraTejiH, K3KO h cboh ac|}HpMaTopH H CJiejl6eHHH,H. TaKa,TeoflocHJ CnHaurcKH bo IľlpeflroBopoT Ha KHHraTa Ymeiuemie zpeuiHUM Ha Knpuji riejiniHOBHK ^asa 3HaHaJHa aqpupMannja Ha nomeflHTe h na cTaBOBHTe 3a ynoTpeöaTa na MaKejjoncKHOT napojen ja3HK k3ko jasHK Ha JíHTepaTypara h 3a HeroBOTo 3HaneH>e 3a KyjiTypHOTO npocBeTyBahbe Ha MaKe^OHCKHOT Hapo/i. yjToraTa Ha TeojjocHJ CHHaHTCKH bo MaKeflOHCKOTO KyjiTypHo h npocBCTHo HJAHrnyBaiBc ocoôcho jjoaŕa j\o H3pa3 npeKy OTBOpaH>eTO Ha npBaTa MaKe^oHCKa nenaTHHua bo CojiyH, HajaKTHBHHOT MaKejjoHCKH KyjiTypeH neHTap bo Toa BpeMe. Toj ce 3ajTarajT 3a nenaTeibe npaKTHHHH TeKCTOBH Ha pa36npjlHB ja3HK. Bo neiiaTHHHaTa Ha CnHanrcKH, ocbch KHHrara Ha KnpHji Oej-MHiioBHK, H3JieryBaaT oj\ nenaTyiiľre neKOJiKy Kiinrn na Maxc^oiicKH jaiHK, oj\ KOH e^HH HNiaaT ocoöeHo 3HaMeH>e 3a ocaMOCTOJyBaH>eTO Ha MaKejjoH-ckhot na3ap, a apyrH 3a MaKeijOHCKOTO o6pa30BaHHe. BnponeM, HaJHJiycTpa-THBeH npHMep Ha 3ajTo>K6HTe 3a OTBOpan>e yMHjTHiiiTa Ha viaKtijKnicKH ja3HK e TaÔAima üepeaja oa npBHOT yHHTcn Ha MaKejj,OHCKH ja3HK Jopjj;aH Xaun KOHCTaHTHHOB-IjHHOT. OOjaBEHa TOKMV BO TipBaTQ MaKCJJOHCKa nCHHTHHU,a bo CojiyH bo 1841 rojíHHa. Cnopeij ja3HKOT na TaÔAUUfi üepeaja jacHo ce 3aoejie>KyBa neKa IJhhot KaKO J33hk Ha oöpaiOBaHHCTo ro ynoTpeöyBaji MaKe^OHCKHOT ja3HK. MiAHriiyBajícH ro MaKejjoHCKHOT ja3HK Kaxo ja3HK na oôpaso-BaHHeTo, Uhhot ce 3a;iaraji MaxeaoHCKHOT janík jui ro jjocTHrHe päM- HHHITeTO Ha HOpa 3 b H C H H T6 CJlOBCHCKH HHCMeHH ja3HI4H Ofl TOa BpCMC 3ada hu 1. OöjacHH ja MHCJiaTa Ha /^arviacKiiH CTyAHT: Hepa3Ôpani(oul 3Ôop od napodoül üpuAeza Ha 3aüenaiTteH meop od koj hukoj ne MOjfce da ce Haüite. 2. CneflHHBe 3ÖopoBH ce cpeŔaBaaT bo MaKejjoHCKHOT juíMacKHH; THe h npHiiaŕaaT Ha 3aeiHiHHKaTa čajTKancKa jieKCHxa, na ce KapaKre- pHCTHHHH 3a CHTe ÔaJlKaHCKH ja3HH,H, 6e3pa3JTHHHO Ha HHBHOTO noTeKjio: apžaiä, cmepna, ôyôaú, duKCA. cum n p, canöcuiu, qbyphri, cpyflia, qhycuJLan. Oóhjj,h ce jj;a ro npoTojiKyBaui hhbhoto 3HaneH>e h ynoTpeöa! lUMPEJbE HA *y H KLIMMTE HA H A POHH M Ol" J A3 M K 73 3. npen03Haj ľH HeonXOJíHHTe IIpKOBHOCJTOBeHH3MH BO CJieflHHOB npHMep OA eneH AaMacKHH Ha MaKeAOHCKH Hapo/^eH ja3HK: Hezoeaiüa mouku initio üjianeuie u ßcieme, o cuhcmou, cac3u ceza eo ada da usöaeuia upaoednuuie doyuai, u eo üipeütuu den da eocKpecueiu küko mulo mu KüMvoauie MHožoy fioülu... (EpxcnaHCKH flaMaCKllH) 4. OÖHflH ce Aa ro oojacmnu 3HaiieH.eTo Ha noflBJieneHHTe 3Öopoun (TypHH3MH) BO CJieAHHBe npUMepH OA JOBKHM KpHOBCKH H 3aMCHH TH CO 3ÖopoBH co h CTO 3HaMeH>e OA MaxeAOHCKHOT CTaiiAapACH ja3HK: 3afüoea cmc ciiüle xpucitiuauii doAOKHU da cükäMe; 3autüio naiua Mittioiü etil na neöo. Tomo ice da cMCMiieu eo eennuja u ôľ3koh6 h h uja ecKu, a oede cmc cypžyH. M cela umu dee menana neöo, XpucíUoc u Cipecejaitiaja Božopoduna. Tne ce Ha cuwe xpacmiumu ypiieK. Tue muhiju u íuoea euno luülo ciüe üwie 6e3 xecaü, ülue cela m da ce ymmaiü da eu žopaut u My Haiti. Bepyeaiue 6e3 wyôe 3aiuäio ne e CKpuiUHO na yžoduuKa BoMUJa cajamažo Bacwiuja sapadu Hojuaula dyuui. A ano caKcuTie Mouiüe pyKii da zu uocuÍtie3a mimem, a eue oiüceueuie mu žu pyKuiüe u HOceCüe zu. MucMui initio da ynunu, da ce fcypiüyjiuca oui uioj ü/ien. y Mecülo 3060m0 Hapua, iüaMo lüene eemma peKCt, - y iiioea ceno 6uji eden nenoeeK Öolaüi, umcui mhozv u3Mekapu, u umoa eden apaüUH, Miiozy epcMe My paôoitiiui, u žo Mu/iyeaji locüodapo, 5. Oöhah ce bo cjreAHHBe npHMepn nß'yä. npenoiHaem napajiejiHaTa ynoTpeöa Ha hpkobhocjtobchckh h na MaKeAOiicKH rpaManniKH cj)opMH h 3ÖopOBM co hcto 3HaHeH>e bo h CT a peneHHiia: Bepyjyiii, omu ne 3najaüi y kozo eepyeaül. riožjiedaj coc omiitie itiu 3aiuiüo üpedcüiojaül 6e3neüi, 6e3Öpoj, apxüHZe/iu coc žoacm cülpax u yoHiac. fložAcdaj na decno u na Jieeo deKa 6e.3Heiü, Mitoly nenoeeiut IpeiUHUU u üpaeeÖHuu cüiojaiti coc cülpax moahüuI. O nydo! O nydece! Ja caM itie co3Öüa, ja3e com üle coiüeopuji. O doôpoiäa dymu! O žojieMa doôpuua na dyiuaüia HecK03aHHaja, utiüo ne mo Me da ce uncancel Ccku nenoecK koj e ôožaiti, oh e müachok na dyxoemij eo3paciti, 6oj. 74 OmíITA ľPAMATOKA HA MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3HK 6. m3aboj tm i;pKOBHOCJTOBeHH3MHTe OA CJreAHHBe cthxobh OA HaArpoÖHMOT Harune Ha K. rieJMHHOBHK h oôhrh ce Aa ro onpeAeJinuj hhbhoto 3HaiieH>e: Teapne mv Hezoao po.vcdeHue npeHUcma u Xunaudap üocülpuMenue JleuwK mv e nezoo ßocüumanue. Hod üjionaea nezoo üoHueanue. 3a Aa ro npeTcraßii cbojot >khbotch naT, IIcjmhhobiik ynoTpeöyßa HpKOBHOCJ10BeHH3MH. 30UJT0? H3ABOJ ro H,pKOBHOcjTOBeHH3MOT iiiTO ce ynoTpeôyBa h jjeHec bo MaiceflOHCKHOT CTaHAapAeH ja3HK. Cnopejp ro aHaneiteTo co Koe e yno-TpeöeH bo iiaTiiHcoT co coBpeMeHOTO 3HaMeH>e. 7. Bo cjieAHHOB H3B3AOK OA ľlpeAroBopoT koh yüleiuenue žpeiuuuM, T. GraaiiTCKH, cohctbchhkot na iipnaTa rviaKCAoucKa nenaTHHna, iiniiiyHa 3a yjioraTa Ha napoAHHOT ja3HK boJlHTepaTypaTa. KorvieHTHpaj rnHeroBHOT norjieA h HeroBHOT ct3B 3a ynoTpeöaTa Ha napoAHHOT ja3HK. Eee KJbyn nülo oüXeopyeiü cepdu,eiTw saute, ne KJbyn oiU sjiaíľto ujiii cpeôpo, ho KJhyn od Mejic30 u hujiuk, huio da ne ce euu; oülu cpeöpoüio u SAaiUoülo ecül. mcko u ce aue CKopo, ho Mejic30iTio co huauk ne ce ßue. Koza da e eciü omeopôíä, cupen oiüKJbyHoül oül 3Jiaiíio ii/iu oül cpeôpo, ma da hc Mo.vce KOßnelom, cupen cepdneäio moc, da oíäaopu, huáo mu eciü ülüKoß ofüßop (K/hyn)? Hena eciü od huauk u MeM3öt üla da oiüeopu KOßneioiü, üla da ne eciü oül cpeôpo u 3Jiaülo u da ne mom c da oiüeopu cepöußiuo ua üpociTtuoül nejiooeK. MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO BTOPATA ľlOJlOBHHA HA XIX BEK Bo BTopax3 h0j1obhh3 Ha XIX BeK MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK ce ynoTpeßyßa bo noBCKe oöjiscth hs MeryceÖHOTo onuiTeite bo MaieenoHHJa. Ho, ynoTpeöaTa na MaKeAOHCKHOT napoAen ja3HK bo rojieMa Mepa e cnpenyBaHa h e OHeB03MO>KyBaHa oa AejcTByBaH>erro Ha nponaraHAHTe Ha coceAHHTe HapoAH, koh ja KopucxaT h ja 3 JioynoTpeÖ y b a a r .viaKCAoucKaia noJio>KÔa bo TypcKaTa HMnepnja h co pa3JiHMiiH cpeACTBa ce oÖHAysaaT Aa ro acHMHJTHpaaT MaKeAOHCKHOT h apo a, Aa ja npeTCTaßaT MaKenoiicKara xepHTopHJa KaKo cßoja, Aa ro nccJDpjiaT oa ynoTpeöa MaKeAOHCKHOT J33hk h Aa ro H3JTO>KaT CBoeTo HMe h cbojot js3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa. limi'! Il.ľ HA «>yHKUHHTE HA H A POJJH HO ľ J A3 H K 75 Bo oBaa cnryaunja, MaKejjOHCKHOT ja3MK cranyBa ochobch ßener Ha MaKeaoHCKHOT KyjiTypeH h HainiOHajieH h/jeHTHTeT h mokho cpe/icTBO bo 6op6aTa npoTHB HacHJiHaTa acHMHjian,HJa. ripHToa, npouecoT Ha ocf)opMyBaH>e Ha MaiceijoHCKHOT jTHTepaTvpen J33HK ce oflBHBa bo KOHTGKCTOT Ha ôopôaTa Ha MaKenoHCKHor napoij 3a cjioöoaa bo BepcKH, bo Kyjľrypen h bo HaHHOHaJieH nome/i. Bo cornacHOCT co Toa, bo BTopaTa nojiOBHiia na XIX bqk ce H3AeJiyBaarr TpH OniHTeCTBeHOHCTOpHCKH KOHTeKCTH bo pa3BOJOT Ha MaKe^OHCKHOT JTHTepaxypen ja3HK: — upKOBHo-yMMJiHiiiHara óopóa, HHJau,eji e B030ÔHOByBaH>e na Maxe-jíOHCKaTa Hau,HOHajTHa npKBa co BOBeiryBafte Ha MaKejjoHCKHOT Hapojjen ja3HK bo npKBara h bo yinuniiiTaTa. Oßaa 6op6a iipBo e naconeHa npoTHB BJiHJanHeTo h nponaraHjj,aTa Ha rpHKaTa inpKBa, a noToa h npoTHB ôyrap-CKaTa h cpncKaTa, h ce ojuíHBa Ha paMHHiiiTe na MaKejjoHCKHTe upKOBHo- yMHJTHHIIIH OniLlTHHH; — KyjiTypno-npepoaöeHCKaTa 6op6a, Mwja nejí e KyjiTypHO hí-flHrHyBaH,e Ha MaKe/iomniTe. Oßaa 6op6a ce o/jBHBa npexy jihhhhtc h 3aejj;HHMKHTc 3ajiaraH>a Ha MaKeflOHCKHTe iipepoflöeHHLni h ce npercraByBa npeKy HHBHaTa yMeTHHMKa jiiiTepaTypa h apyrure cjíopivin Ha n,OKa>KyBaH>e Ha KyjiTypHHOT HfleHTHTeT, ocoöeHO Hpexy co6HpaH>erro h ac|3iipMHpaH.CTo Ha MaKejíOHCKOTO HapOAHO TBOpeiIITBO; — iiauHonajiHo-nojíHTHHKaTa fiopou. m m j a ueji e HauHOHaJiHO ocjio6oflyBaH>e h oôeflHHyBaHje Ha MaKeaoHHHTe co hhbho oc^HnnjajiHo npH3HaBaH>e k3KO o/ujejieH cjiobchckh Hapojj, u co 11 p h 3h a b a h>e Ha MaKe-Aohckhot JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK K3KO oc|3HUHJajieH. Oßaa 6op6a ce oabiibm npexy opraHH3HpaHH cjDopMH Ha OTnop npoTHB TypcKaxa HMiiepHJa h npoTHB TyŕíiTe nponaraHjj,h bo MaKe/íOHHJa. CeKoja ofl oBHe 6op6n HMa cboh cneHiicjíHHHOCTH h HneflHa He e ocjioöoAeHa ofl Ha/jBopeujHH BjinjaHHJa h npHTHCOHH, ho hh3 CHTe hhb jacHO ce KpHCTajiH3Hpa cxpeMOKOT 3a ofl^ejieH MaKe^OHCKH ja3HK h ce Harjia- CyBaaT OCHOBHHTC OCOÖeHOCTH Ha MaKCflOHCKHOT J33HK. M3BOP HA JIV\}AJIEKTHATA OCHOBA HA MAKEAOHCKMOT CTAHAAPAEH JA3HK 0(|)opMyBaibeTO Ha MaxeijoHCKHOT cTaHaap^en ja3HK 3anoHHaro Bp3 iiiHpOKa HapoflHoja3HHHa ocHOßa Ha MaKe/joHCKHOT nncMeH ja3HK bo aejiaTa Ha MaKe^oHCKHTe nncaTejiH oa npBara nojioBHiia na XIX bck npoaoji>Kyna co H36opoT Ha AHJajieKTHaTa ocHOBa Ha jasHKOT. 76 OnillTA fPAMATHKA HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK Oßa npamaite ce HaMeraajro KaKO neonxoAHO co orpaunnyBaiteTo h co HaMajiyBaubcro Ha QbyHKHHOHajiHOCxa Ha itokobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK, k3ko J33HK KOJ BO mhh3toxo ob03mo>KyBaJT nHUiyBaHHTe tekctobh Aa 6HAaT pasÔwpjiHBH 3a HHTaTejTHTe Ha noruHpOKa TepHXOpnja na cjiOBencKHxe 3eMJH. Mmcho, oa CAHa CTpaHa, oboj j33HK 6hji HCTHCHyBan oa itjmkhot, a OA APyra CTpaHa noBeiie He 6hji bo cocTOJöa qejiocHo Aa rn 3aAOBOJiyua noxpeÖHxe na hoboto BpeMe. M36opoT Ha AwjajiefCTHaTa ocHOBa ocoöeHO aoihoji ao H3pa3 bo nonexoKOT Ha BxopaTa noJiOBHHa Ha XIX bck m rjiaBHO ce HCKpHCTajiH3Hpaji bo ABe rjieAHUixa3a oc^opMyBarte Ha JiHxepaxypHHor ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa: — ocfx:>pMyBaH,e Ha JinxepaTypeH ja3HK epa nonmpoKa (MaKeAOHCKO-ôyrapcKa) AHJaJieKTHa ochob3 KaKO 3aeAHHWKH ja3HK3a MaKCAOHi^Hxe h 3a ByrapHxe bo paMKHTe Ha TypcKaxa HMnepHJa; - o{£>opMyBaH>e Ha JiHxepaTypeH jasHK Bps 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKa AHJaJieKTHa ocHOBa KaKO OAAeJieH MaKeAOHCKH ja3MK Mery ApyrMTe cjiOBeHCKH jaaHHH. 1. rjICAHUITCTO 3a 3aeAHHMKH (MaKeflOHCKO-ÔVrapCKH ) ja ill K HocHxejT Ha HAejaTa 3a 0<|)0pMyBaH»e na eAeH aaeAHHHKH JiHTepaTypen J33HK 3a MaKeAOHUHxe h 3a ByrapHxe ÖHjia öyrapcxaTa upKBa, Koja bo oboj nepHOA ce 3Ao6HJia co caMOCTOJHOCT bo paMKHTe Ha TypcKaxa HMnepuja. Oßaa HAeja ÖHJia p33JiHHHO ccJ^aTeHa oa MaxeAOHCKHTe HHcaxejiH h bo paajiHMeH oÖeM HauiJia 0Apa3 h bo HHBHHxe JiHTepaTypHH npojaBH. Taxa, JopAaH Xaun KoHCTaHTHHOB-IjHHOT bo oBaa HAeja Hie^an mo>khoct M a K e AO HCKHOT HHCMCH ja3HK Aa TO AOCTHTHe paMHHHITeTO Ha HOpa3BHeHHTe CJIOBeHCKH ja3HIJ,m, Ha BO CBOJOT J33HK BKJiyHyB3Jl 3ÖOpOBH KÖH ÖHJie CBOJCTBeHH 3a COCeAHHTe CJIOBeHCKH J33HHH, CpnCKHOT h ÖyrapcKHOT. Toj cb6cho ce oAA3JieiiyBa;i oa cbojot pOAeH BejieuiKH roBop h nHuiyBaji Ha ja3HK koj OAroBapaji Ha ceBepHOMaKeAOHCKaTa h 3anaAHo5yrapcK3Ta a HJ a JieKTHa ocHOBa. HAejaTa 3a eAeH saeAHHMKH jiHTepaTypeH jasiiK 3a MaKeAOHHHre h 3a EyrapHTe TeopncKH ja paspaöoTHJi Ilapieiuij 3orpacJ)ckh, eACH oa Hajo6pa30B3HHTe 4)hjiojio3h bo Toa BpeMe, He caMO bo MaKeAOiinja h bo oahoc Ha ByrapHJa TyKy h bo cjiobchckhot cbct, bootjiuto. IlpHToa, toj H3BpHJHJl KJiaCH^HKaUHJa H CHCTeMaTH3aH,HJa Ha pa3JIHKVBaHKHTe oco- öeHocTH Ha MaxeAOHCKHTe h na öyrapcKHTe roBopn h HHCHCTHpaji 3anaAHO- UJMPEK>E HA (l'YHKHHHTE HA H APO AH MOT JA3MK 77 MaKeflOHCKHTe ja3HLIHH OCOÖeHOCTH Aa VMeCTBVBaaT BO 3aeAHHHKHOT jaSHK, na flypH ce 3ajiaraji 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKOTO Hapenje /ia öwjie ocHOBa Ha toj ja3HK. BaKa 3aMHCJieHHOT ja3HK HeMaji ocoöena ynoTpeöa HHTy naK ce OCTBapHJT BO TTpaKTHKBTa, OCBCH K3KO ÍTHCMeH ja3HK Ha KOJ ÖHJie nHlHyBaHH HiBeceH 6poj npHJi03H oa MaKeAOHiiH (na npniviep, oj\ IJhhot) bo 3ae/j;HHMKHTe MaKeAOHCKO-öyrapcKH BecHHUH h cnHcaHHJa iuto ce nenaTejie bo UapHrpa/i, a noToa h bo öyrapcKHTe bcchhiih bo Coabnja. Hcto Taxa, co BaKOB J33HK MaKeAoiiiiHTe ce cnywejie h bo nHCMeiiHTe KOHTaKTH co öyrapcKaTa npKBa. Cßoe ocTBapyBan>e oboj ja3HK HMa h bo jiHTepaTvpHOTO actio Ha PaJKo >Kllll3ll(|)<)lt. koj BO J33HKOT Ha CBOHTe TBOpÖH BKJiyHyBaJl J33HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH peMHCH oa CHTe MaKeflOHCKH h ôyrapcKH roBopH, KaKO h hpkobho- CJIOBeHH3MH H pycy3MH, na H CpÖH3MH. OöHJiOT sa 3aejTHHHKH ja3HK 3a MaKeAOHiiHTe h 3a Eyrapn re ne 6hji noiHHpoKo HpHOpaTeH Meŕy MaKeAoi-m,HTe, ocoöeiio Meŕy ohhc roh ja cqbaTHjie acHMHJiaTopcKaTa nojiHTHKa Ha öyrapcKaTa inpKBa KaKO npanen cy6jeiKyBa bo paj-jihiihh oÔJiacTH Ha oniHTeH>e, ocoöeHO bo TproBHJaTa, bo iipKBaTa, bo o6pa-30BaHHero, KaKO h bo nenaTOT a bo yMeTHHMKarra jiHTepaTypa. Mcto Taxa, Taa HMa 3HaiiaJHa noTKpcna bo HapoAHOTO TBopeuiTBO. Bo toj norjieA, ueHTpajiHO MecTo 3a3eMa 36opHiiKoiü na napadnu üecnu Ha öpaRaTa MllJiaAHHOBITH. 3ajio>K6HTe 3a ocJDopMVBaH>e Ha jiHTepaTypHHOT ja3HK Bp3 3anaAH0-MaKeAOHCKHTe roBOpn acc^hhhthbho ce noßp3yßaaT co AeJHoera Ha ŕopŕaja Ily.icBCKH h Ha ApyrHTe KyjiTypHH AejiiH koh paöoxejie Ha nojieTO Ha ja3HKOT. Oßne A^juh ce HapeKyBaaT MaKeßonncTH, nopaAH hhbhhtc jacHH H OTBOpeHH MaKeAOHCKH HAen. 78 OnilITA rPAMATHKA HA MAKF.AOHCKMOX JA3MK ^eJHOcTa na MaKeAonncxHxe ce oCTBapyiia npexy noiíeŔe rpynn Ha ncTaKHaTH MakeflOHUH KOH rn npnapaŔaax h rn noAAp>Kyßaax HAeHxe 3a ofl/jejieH MaKeROHCKH napoA co cboj NiaKe^oHCKH jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. Mefy hhb, KaKo HajaKTHBHH ce HCTaxHyBaax HjieHOBHxe na MjiaflaTa MaxenoHCKa KHH>KeBHa apy>KHHa, Koja bo Coc{}HJa ro H3flaBajia cnncaHHexo „Jl03a". ObHC MaKCAOHHCTH, CHOpCA HMCXO H3 CmiCaHHCXO, CC H03HaTH TiOJX HMeTo .10 .tapn Tne npHAOnecyBaar 3a 3anßpcTyBaH>e Ha MaKCAOHCKHor ja-3HK bo nenaxox h 3a 3HaiiHxe;iH0ynpocryBaH>e Ha MaiceAOHCKHOT npaBonnc. 3a^o>K5HTe Ha MaKeAOHHcxnxe Ke floÖHJaxjacHa xeopHCKa noTKpena bo flenoTO na Kpcre ITeTKOB MuciipKOB. Bo BTopaTU nojiOBHHa Ha XIX bck jacuo ce HarjiacyBa 11 jejai a 3a o/wiJieii MaKCflOHCKH jiHxepaTypeii jaíkk h KOUKperno im-mviíu ^a ce ot 11 tap v na bo iipautiikutu. yHEBHMKAPCKATA AEJHOCT BO MAKEßOHHJA npaniaHiCTo 3a tnoopox Ha AwjajieKXHaxa ocHOBa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOX CTaHflapfleH ja3HK namjio cboj o/jpaj bo yiie6HHKapcie co oa Bej H H yMeÖHHHH Ha MaKe^OHCKH ja3HK. Ocxßapyßafßexo Ha oßaa 3aAana He 6h;io JiecHO nopaAH Hajio->KyBaH>exo Ha Tyŕo oöpa30BaHHe bo MaKcnoHHJa (rpMKo, öyrapcKO h cpncKo) h nopaAH ynoxpeöaxa na yMeÖHHini oa cooabcxhhxc ja3Hnn Aypn h bo Hacxaßaxa Ha MaiceAOHCKH ja3HK. HivieHO, nponaraHAHxe Ha coceAHHxe 3eMJH bo oöpa30BaHHexo rjieflaJie ochobho cpeAcxBO 3a acHMHJiannja Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT napOA no nax Ha BocnnxyBaH-e Ha MJiaAHxe MaKCAOHCKH reHepaHHH cnopeA concTBeH HanHOHajieH moacji. Bo BaKBM ycjTOBH, MaKeAOHCKHTe npepoAÖeHHHH co ynnxejiCKaxa h ocoöeHO co yneÖHHKapcKaTa fleJHoex ro cnpenyBajie npouecox Ha acHMHJiauHJa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT napOA h HajioíKyBařtexo Ha ja3Hmrre Ha coceAHHxe 3cmjh kbko o$íiiJ,íijajiHii He caMO bo Hacxaßaxa xyxy h bo Apyrnxe oÖJiacTH Ha ynoTpeöa na ja3HK0T. Hcto xaxa, HHBuaxa acjhocx bo rojieMa Mepa npHAOHCcjia 3a KpHCxajiH3an,HJa Ha nomeAHxe 3a MaKeAOHCKiiox ja3HK npeKy HeroBaxa KOHKpeTHa npHNiena bo Hacxaßnaxa npaKXHKa. Bo comacHocx co cxaßox Ha MaKeAOHCKHxe upKOBHH onmxHHH, HacxasaTa bo MaKeAOHCKHTe yMiuimn ra oöhhho ce oABHBajia Ha coo.i- IIIIll'l li,I IIA 'ť Y i IKI l.ľ.11 11 HA HABOMJIHOT JA3HK 79 BCTHHTC Haponnn roBopn. Tlapají ejiHO co ynoTpeôaTa na HaponnnTe roBopH bo HacTaBaTa, bo MatcenoHCKHTe yneÖHHUH coceivia peajiHO nomoji no mpa 3 CTpeMOKOT na ce nuniyBa Ha 3ananHOMaKenpHCKO Hapenje. Toa e KapaKTepMCTHHHo h 3a npBHTe MaKen,OHCKH yneÖHHUH na riapTCHHJ 3orpa(|)CKM h Ha Ky3Man Waiikapeit nannuiaHH Bp3 ocHOBa Ha 3ananHOMaKenpHCKHTe roBOpn h HaM6HCTH caMo 3a yneHHiiHTe o/i Ma-Kc/ioiTHJa. Maxo oqbHiiHJajino ce sanarane 3a e neu iaenHHHKn MaKcnoiicKo-öyrapcKH jaiHK ijjto 6h ce ynoTpeöyßaji h bo MaKenpHHJa h bo ByrapHJa, caMaTa npaKTHKa hm noKa>KVBajia neKa jaiHKOT Ha HacrasaTa bo Maxe-AOHCKHTe yiHjiHiiiTa, a co Toa n jaiHKOT na yqe6HHH,HTe Tpeôa na öwne MaKeAOHCKHOT HaponeH jasHK. ripBHTe MaKenoHCKHTe yneÖHHKapH, riapTeHHJ 3orpac|DCKH h KyuiaH IlIanKapeB, jacHO rn HCTaKHane cbohtc nornenn aa mcctoto Ha míikc-flOHCKHOT ja3HK bo o6pa30BaHHeTO. Bo ycjioBH na t víri o6pa30BHH npo-naraHflH, nBpcTo 3acTaHane 3an, ctbbot neKa oöpasoBamieTO Ha nenaxa Tpeöa na ianoniie na MaJMHunor jaiHK. ToKMy saToa, rJiaBHO MecTo Meŕy m a k e a o h c k h rr e yneÔHHini HMaaT ôyKBapHTe (HaMeHeTH 3a noneTHO oôpajOBaHiie Ha Majn h h ja3HK) h hh-xaHKHTe (koh 6njie cBoeBHn.HH neTCKH emniKnone/iMH; conp>Kene tckctobh on pasjiHHHH oÖJiacTH h oÖHHHO önne npeBenyBaHH on, yMCÖHHUH Ha ApyrH ja3Hi4H). Bo npyrHTe yneÖHHUH ocoöeHo BHHMaHHc hm ce nocBeTyBano na qpKOBHHTe TeKCTOBH, koh 3a noTpefniTe na nacTaBaTa, hcto TaKa, ÔHjie npeBCAyBaHH Ha MaKenpHCKH ja3HK. KaKo aBTopn Ha ÖyKBapii Ha MaKenoHCKH ja3HK, ocbch ílapTemij 3orpaqbcKH h KysMan IlIanKapeB, cejaByBaaTH ßHMHTap YayHOB (TäTKOTO Ha XpHCTO Y3yHOB), J^HMHTap MaKea,OHCKH, Jocud) KoBancB, HaraHaHJi 3orpac[DCKH h npyru. Ky3Man IlIanKapeB, hcto TaKa, e aBTop na noBeKe HwraHKH h na npyrn yne6HHi;h co upKOBHa conp>KHHa (eBaHrenhckh h anocTOJiCKH tckctobh) HanHLUaHH Ha MaKCttOHCKH HaponeH ja3HK Bp3 OCHOBa Ha OXpilflCKHOT TOBOp. YMHTejiCKaxa h yqeÖHiiKapcKara jjeJHocT Ha 3orpac|)CKH h Ha IlIanKapeB na mükctoiicku napojen ja íhk cc oniwiia bo kohtckctot Ha HpKOBHoyMHJiHiniiaTa oopoa na MaitenoHCKHOT napojí. IIomenHTe 3a mcctoto Ha MaKenpucKHOT ja3HK bo HacTaBaTa h bo yneÖHHUHTe ocoöeno npaŕaaT no H3pa3 bo y-ieÖHHKapcKaTa neJHocT na ľopŕiija Ily.ieBCKH. ľloicpaj yneÖHHini, toj nnuiyBa penHHUH h rpaMaTHKa, na ce upeTCTaByBa KaKo conn/ien nexcHKorpaqb h npaKTHHeH rpaMaTunap. 80 OnillTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKFJT,OHCKMOT IA3MK npHToa, roj ieMa roTOBH npHMepH oj[ yneÖHHUHTe Ha 3orpaqbcKn H IlIanKapeB h jacHO HarjiacyBa flexa ce HanHiuaHH Ha MaKenoHCKHja3HK. y M e 6 h h u h TC (pc'iHiiiune) na IlyjieBCKH, hcto Taxa, HMaar eHHHKJio-ne^HCKH KapaKTep, oahocho oj\ eneH hct yneöiiHK (petiHHK) ce jrpÔHBaaT 3HaeH>a oa pa3JiHMHH oônacTH. Co BaKBaTa KOHuenuHJa yiuTe nojacHo ce HarjiacyBa MecTOTO Ha MajnHHnor jajiiK bo o6pa30BaHHeTO, ocoöeHo bo ycBojyBaiteTo na naponHaTa jieKCHKa h Ha nayHHaTa TepMHiiojiornja. PeMHHU,Hrre Ha riyneBCKH HMaar 3HanaJHa pojija bo 3öoj aryßahbeTo Ha JieKCHHKHOT cjdoha Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK, He caMO co iipeTCTaByiíai-beTO na naponHaTa jickcmKa ryxy h co Monme HHxepccnHTe h opHrHHajiunTc hobh 36opoBH co KOH yuiTe noBeŔe caKaji fla ja HarjiacH pa3JiHKaTa Meŕy MaKe^OHCKHOT H COCeflHHTe ja'JHUH. 3a pa3JiHKa oa CBOHTe npexxoňHHinj, koh nHinyBajie rpaMaTWKH Ha MaKeflOHCKH ja3HK h rn ynoTpeGyBajie bo HacTaBaTa, ho He ycncBa.iie a^ th oöjaßaT, ŕopŕnjaľlyjieBCKH,cenaK,ycneajin;aHaueHarneACHrqjioaCBojaia rpaMaTHKa, noA moiiihc opnrMHaJieii HacnoB CaoIhui^ĺi penoacKa. ľpawa-THKaTa Ha nyjieBCKH e jacHa noTBpAa 3a nponecoT Ha oqbopMyBanjC na MaK.eAOHCK.noT JíHTepaxypeH (cTaHAapA^n) jajhk. > nefmiiKüpcKaTa acJhoct Ha Topŕiija IlyjieBCKH na m a k c; i, o h c k hj a 3 h k ce OABMBa bo Koiri'ckctot Ha iiaHHOHajiiio-nojiiiTH'iKaTa 6op6a na míiki-AOiiCKHOT iiapoA* J A3 M KOT HA MAKEflOHCKMTE ľlMCATEJlM OJX BTOPATA nOJIOBHHA HA XIX BEK MaKeAOHCKHTe nncaTejín oa BTopaTa nojioBHHa Ha XIX Be k pa3JiHHHo ro peniaBajie npamaiBeTO 3a jajnkot Ha hhbhhtc ;inrepa rypHH Rena. Hcto Taxa, Tne HMajie pa3JíHHeH oahoc koh ja3HHHHTe oco6enocTH oa MaKe- AOHCKHOTHapOACH ja3HK, KaKO h O a flpyrHTe ja3HH,H (upKOBHOCJIOBCHCKHOT, rpHKHOT, ÖyrapCKHOT, CpnCKHOT. pVCKHOT HTH.) bo 33BHCHOCT OA ÍIOBCKC naABOpeujHoja3HMHH qbaKTOpH. CenaK, Kaj hhb npeoBJíanyBa crpeMejKOT n,a nnmyBaaT na CBOHTe po^HH roBopn, oahocho Ha 3anaAH0MaKeA0HCK0T0 Hapenje. Toa e ocoöeHo KapaKTepHCTHHHO 3a KoiieraH mu lYlHjiaAHHOB, koj CBOHTe necHH rn iiwiuyBaji Ha poahhot cTpyuiKH roBop, ho BKjiynyBaji jaíiľiHH ocoöeHOCTH h oa ApyrHTe 3anaAHOMaKeflOHCKH roBopn. Bcvihhoct, BHCTHHCKaTa OCHOBa Ha J33HKOT Ha HerOBHTe iicchh e ja3HKOT na MaKe- UJMPEHdE HA yHKLlMHTE HA HAPOJ1HMOT JA3.MK 81 flOHCiOTa napor^Ha noe3HJa. Toj, hcto Taxa, ro ynoTpeövBa cTpyiiiKHOT roBOp h ocoöeHocth re o a sánaahombkcaoiickoto napenje bo TlpejiroBOpoT Ha 36opHUKom na napadnu íiecmi h bo Apyrn're ireroBH flejia. 3a pa3JiHKa oa nero, PaJKO )Khh3hc|)ob Tpruaji no Apyr naT h nnuiyBan noe3HJa cnopeA MOAenoT 3a eAeH 3aeAHHHKH MaKeAOHCKO-öyrapcKH ja3HK co 3HaMHTe/Hio BjiHJaiiHe OA pycKHOT ja3HK. M noKpaj Toa, bo neroßOTO Aejio 3HaT-iaJHO MecTo HMaaT ocoöenocraTe oa MaxeAOHCKHOT napoAeH ja3HK. Toa ocoôeHO Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo pacKa30T ľlpoiuedôa, bo koj Awjajro3HTe oôhhho ce iiHiuyBanH Ha MaKeAoncKH HapoAen ja3HK. H KOHCTaHTHH MHJiaAHHOB H PaJKO >KhH3H(J)OB HMaJie COJIHAHO apiiJTOJiouiKO o6pa30BaiiHe AOÖneHO Ha yHHBep3HTeTHTe bo Pycnja. HpHToa, MnjiaAHHoB HHKoram ne ce oTKajKaji oa poahhot roBop h hhkoj ne ycneau Aa ro pa3y6eAH bo HeroBHTe norjieAH 3a ja3HKOT, a CBoeTo o6pa30Baiine ro cTaBHji bo cjiy»c6a na H3AHrHyBaite na MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK Ha paM?iHiiiTe Ha j a3 h k na yMeTHHHKaTa h Ha nayMHa-ra HHTepaxypa. Oa Apyra cxpaHa, Bp3 norjieAHTe 3a jaiHKOT Ha >Khh3H(]3ob BJiHJaHHe H3BpujHJi napTeiiiij 3orpaci)cKH, ho h noBefce öyrapcKH noeTH, jiHTepaTypun KpHTHnapn h HayMHHHH, co KOH 6hji bo nocTOjaH KOHTaicT bo Pycnja. OTKaKo AOÖHJi o6pa30BaHne Ha rpnKH ja3HK h th Hairamaji Ha rpnKH jaiHK noeMHTe Cepöapoiü h CKendepôe?, ľpurop ílpjiHHCB ce oöhacti Aa m npenee Ha cboj jasuK, hito OArOBapaji Ha e ach 3aeAHH hkh oniiito-cjioBCHCKH ja3HK. BcyuiHOCT, toj ce coo6pa3yBaji u rn npncj^aKaji HAenre 3a cAen bha cjtobchckoecnepaHTO ujto 6h ce ynoTpcoyßajio laiKo janiK Ha Hayie Ha H/jejaxa 3a ojijie-jieH MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK e o6jaByBaH>eTO Ha KHHraTa 3a MciKedoHUKuülepa-6oiüu (Cocj^HJa, 1903) oa KpCTe neTKOB MucupKOB (1874 - 1926). Bo OBaa k h nra Toj ro npornacyBa yeniäpajiHOiuo MxmeboHCKO uapenfe 3a jiHTepaxy-pcH m a k e a o h c k h j a 3 h k n ja onpcACJivBa cBOJara Hau,noHajiHa nporpaMa, bo koj a rjiaBHO mccto h Ma npaniart,eTO 3a MaiKeH>e. McTOBpeMeHO, Taa ja pa30TKpHBa acHMHJiaTopcKaTa nojíHTHKa Ha coceAHHTe 3eMJH naconeHa npOTHB MaKe- AOHCKHOT HapOA H npOTHB MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HMeH, KyjlTypeH H eTHHHKH MACHTHTeT. nocjiCAHaTa ctbthja bo OBaa KfiHŕa hoch HacjioB HcKOAKy sôopou sa MaKedoHiiKUôiii jiuiüepaiüypeH jäsufc h npeTcxaBVBa npB Hay-mo apry-MeHTHpaH, TeopiicKH cojiHAHO nocTaBCH h npaKTHMHO pajpaöoTeH npoeKT 3a KOAHC^HKannja na MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK. MucupKOB TprHyBa oa ocoöeHocTHTe Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jaSHK bo oahoc Ha ApyrHTe cjtobchckh J33hhh. Toj ja pa3rjieAyBa HeroßaTa HCTopnja, HeroßaTa rrpaKTHMHa npHMena bo nncMenocTa, iyHKUMHTE HA HAPOHHMOTJA3MK 83 Co onpenejiöaTa 3a neHTpa/iHHre MaKenoHCKH roBopn, MncwpKOB HHCHCTHpa Ha OHHe J33HMHH OCOÖeHOCTH CO KOH M3 KeflOHCKHOT j 33HK HaJMHory ce pa3JiHKyBa on cocenHure chobchckh ja3Hu,n. Taxa, bo loroBopox n bo iipanoniicox HHCHCTHpa Ha: - HcnyiiiTafi.e Ha HHTCpBOKajiHHTe corjiacKH, h Toa Ha b {hock, tkuoüä, söopou, HOO, üpaei(), na x (dyoiü, Opud), na n; (co3ÔauiTt) n cjjhhho; - cf) HSM6CTO nocTapoTo x: ycüecp; - aHTHH,Hnau,HJa Ha mckhot H3roBop Ha k h Ha h> {úpaJK'a, ciüaun'e, kouh')\ - rpynaTa inn (umo, oüum); - rpynnTe cTp, 3n.p (bo CHTe cjiynaH: cülped, 3Öpeji, üpa3ÖHO)\ - HacTaBKaTa u,kh narviecTO ckh (mukůöohuku, ôajiKaHi{Ku). Ha MopcjjojioiuKH njian hhchc rnpa Ha: - HacTaBKaTa -t bo TpeTO JtHij;e enHHiia ceraiiino BpcMc: iTipeôiiCä, Muc/iuüi, sHüHitüi, Hero h Kaj (popMHTe on, noMoiiiHHOT rjiaroji jeiü, ceül). MncHpKOB ro npHc^aKa khphjickoto hhcmo h cocTaßyBa MaKenoHCKa a3ÖyKa Bp3 coBpeMenn npHHiuniH. Bo MaKenpucKaTaKHpwiHua toj BOBe/ryBa HCKOTiKy h ob h rpa(f>eMH: i, k', r', h', ji\co koh Taa ce pa3JiHKyBa oj\ npyrHTe KHpHJTCKH nHCMa. MCTO T3K3, bo COrJiaCHOCT CO CJ30HeTCKHOT npaBonHC HHCHCTHpa na 6eire>KeH.e Ha eflHaneH>eTO no 3ByiiHOCX. Bo .icKciiKara, h ocoöeHO bo 36opoo6pa3ynaibexo, HHCHCTHpa Ha napo/nm jieKCHKa h na >khbh 3Öopoo6pa3yBatiKH MO/iejin: deneM, ÜpodüAMUUH, oütiiüytwKa h cjthhho. MiicupKOB bo KHnraTa „3a MaKenoHUKHTe paöoTH"' TeopHCKii rn h3jto>kh norjie/iHTe 3a ocf)opMyBaH>e Ha MaKenoHCKHOT jTHTepaTypeH ja3HK H npaKTHMHO TH pa3paÖ0TH CBOHTe CTaBOBH. HerOBHOT J33HK, BCyUIHOCT, e HOpMHpaH ja3HK H HpeTCTaByBa COJIHflHa OCHOBa 3a fleqpHHHTHBHOTO HOp- MHpaH>e Ha MaKcjjoHCKHOT ja3HK h 3a HeroBaTa KonncpHKah,hja. MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3MK METY ABETE CBETCKH BOJHM rioneji6aTa Ha MaKeflonnja Meŕy coce/nniTe np>KaBH, no öanKaHCKHTe BOJHH, ro OTe>KHa oniuTecTBeHo-KyjiTypHHOT h npocBeTHo-o6pa30BHiio i >khbot h ja ycjTO>khh ja3HMHaTa CHTyaiiHJa bo MaKenoHwja. Oboj mhh hm a noryÖHo 3Hanen.e 3a MaKenoHCKHOT napojí. ľlpnToa, bo nepnonoT Meŕy /ißere cbctckh bojhh bo MaKeflOHnja, bo 3aBHCHOCT o a HeJ3HHaTa nonejiöa, bo o^HUHJajina ynoTpeöa ce HaMerayBaar janiiniTe Ha cocejnwTe n,pMKHHOT fleji (ErejcKa MaKeAOHHJa) — rpHKHOT - bo ceBepHHOT Aen (BapAapCKa MaKeAOHHJa) - cpncKHOT - bo HCTOMHHOT Aeji (IiHpHHCKa MaKeAOHHJa) — ÖyrapcKHOT. Oboj nepHOA ce KapaKTepH3Hpa co acMMHJiaTOpCKa nojiHTHKa Ha coceAHHTe Ap>KaBH koh MaKeAOHHJa h koh MaKeAOHCKHOT napoA- BaKBaTa nojiHTHKa He A03BOJiyBa HHKaKBH npojaBH Ha MaKeAOHCKoro HaiiHOHajiHo oco3HaBaH^e, ocoöeHO aoTpneceTTHTe toahhh Ha XX BeK. Oßaa cHTyaunja ce noAOÖpyßa bo nepnoAOT oa TpneceTTHTe ao noneTOKOT Ha nerapne- CeTTHTC rOAHHH, H3KO Ce OABHBa BO MOIHHC HenOBOJTHH HCTOpHCKH OKOJI- HOCTH. MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK bo TCKOT Ha uejiHOT oboj nepHOA e 3a6paHeT 3a o^HUHJajma ynoTpeöa, bo corjiacHOCT co 3aKOHCKHTe aKTH Ha Ap>KaBHTe bo HHJ cocTaß Bjieroa flejioBHTe oa MaKeAOHHJa. McTOBpeMeHo ce BpHiH nejiocHo fjpajicHcJ3HKyBaH>e, npeKy npHCB0JyßaH>e (bo cpncie (bo ipnKaTa) Ha MaKCAOHCKaxa Ham-iOHajiHa HCTopHJa, JiHTepaTypa h KyjTTypa, na h Ha reorpacf)HJaTa: ce öpHine Aypn m reorpaobcKOTO hmľ MaKeAOHHJa h ce saMenyßa co Jy>KHa Cpönja hjih Bap-AapcKa BanoBHua 3a acjtot noA cpncKa BjiacT h co CeBepna rpinrja 3a acjiot noA rpHKa BJiacT, A^ACKa SyrapcKaTa aAMHHHCTpaunja 3a u,e;iaTa MaKe-AOHCKa TepHTopHJa ro ynoTpeöyßajia hmcto jyro3anaAHa Eyrapnja. HajocTpH MepKH npoTHB MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA ce cnpoßeAyßaaT bo ErejcKa MaKeAOHHJa, bo cocraBOT Ha Tpunja: co 33koh ce 3a6panyBa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK, Aypw w 3a AOMaujHa ynorpeöa, a Bp3 MaKeAOHHHTe koh He ro nowryßajie oboj 3aKOH ce npHMeHVBajTe erporn KasHeHH MepKH. BaKBaTa arpecwBHa n o jihthk3 Ha rpqnja ÖHJia nocraßeHa h iipeA ftpyujTBOTO Ha HapoAHTe (HaJBHCOKaTa MeŕyHapoAHa opraHH3au,HJa bo Toa BpeMe). noA THe npHTHCOun rpHKaTa BJiaAa npncTanHJia koh H3iOTByBaH>e 6yKBap no MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK - Aôenedap (1924). Aöenedapoiü coAp>Keji KycH neTHBa na MaKejjoHCKH ja3HK, HaMeHeTH 3a yneite Ha asöyKaTa. Bhji HanHinaH na jiepHHCKH roßop, Ha JiaTHHHHa, ho HHKoraui He Hauioji npaKXHMHa npHMena, nopaAH oTiiopor na rp'iKinc BJiacTH. M noKpaj Toa, A6ei{edapoiü 3HaiiH oc^HinrjajiHO npH3HaBan>e Ha MaKeAOHCKOTO HacejieHHe h Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK, ocoÖeHO npeA MerynapoAHaTa jaBHOCT. npaujaHieTO 3a OTBopaibe MaKeAOHCKH ynHjiniHTa bo TpirHja noa-Topno ÖHJio aKTyajiH3Hpano bo 1935 roAHHa, ho He 6hjio peineno bo nojna h a MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA- UIMPEIfcE HA OYHKUHHTE HA H APO AH MOT JA3HK 85 Bo AeJTOT oa MaKeAOHHJa, bo cocTaBOT Ha KpajicTBOTO Ha CpÖHTe, XpB3THTe H CjTOBeHH,HTe (noßoiHHa npcHMeHyßaHo bo KpancTBo Jyro-cjiaBHJa), bo 0iJ)HHMJajiHa ynoTpeöa 6hjt Ha\ieTnaT cpncKMOT (oahocho cpncKoxpBaTCKHOT ) J33HK. Toj ÖMJ1J33HK Ha aAMHHHCTpaHHJara, Ha o6pa-30B3HHeTo, h ce npHMeHyBaji bo CHTe oÖJiacTH Ha jaBHaTa KOMyHHKaiinja. MaKeAOHCKHOT jaiHK 6hji cBeAeH Ha AHJa/ieKT 3a AOMamHa ynoTpeöa. H noKpaj Toa, MaKeAOHCKHOT jaSHK Haoŕa CBOJa noH3AHrHaTa ynoTpeöa noA abopMa Ha periioHajiHa JiHTepaTypa. MaKeAOHCKHOT J33HK cTaHyBa J33HK Ha TeaTapcKaTa cneHa: ce nnmyBaaT h ce H3ßeAVßaaT ApaMH Ha MaKeAoncKH ja3HK. Oßaa 4>opMa ce coo6pa3yBajia co TeaTapcKaTa TpaAHij,HJa Aa ce mnuyBaaT h chchckh Aa ce H3BeAyBaaT qbojiKJiopHH ap^mw Ha HapoAeH roßop Ha noBCKe TeaTapcKH cue h h bo ToraiHHa JyrocjiaBHJa. Oßaa aKTHBHOCT bo MaKeAOHHJa 3anoLiHVBa coRpaMaTaJlenneKyMauoene(\92&), noAoima npeHMeHyBaHa bo Beža/iKa, OA BacHji II i.ocKH, HanHiiiaHa na KVMaHOBCKH roßop, ho e no3a6ejie>KHTejTHa co H3BeAyB3H>eTO Ha ApaMaTa UenaAÖapu oa Ahtoh riuiion. Ahtoh FlaHOB npBO ro HanHinaji cbojot tckct Bp3 ocHOßa Ha cbojot poAeH AojpancKH roßop, ho BeAHaui noToa ja3HMHO ro npepaôoTHJi Ha 3anaAHOMaK6AOHCKO Hapenje. Co Toa ce coo6pa3HJi co BocnocTaßeHara npaKTHKa Ha M3AHraHje Ha 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKoro Hapenje Ha paMHHUJTe Ha J33HK na jiHTepaTypaxa. Ha OBHe 3ajio>k6h ce naA0Bp3yBa h Pmcto Kpjie co ApaMaTa JlapuCue ce oüteiiyaimKa, ihto ja Hannuiaji na 3anaAHOMaKe-Aohcko HapeMJe Bp3 ocHOBa Ha cbojot poAeH cTpyuiKH roßop. OßHe ApaMH ro pa3ABH>KyBaaT KyjiTypHHOT >khbot bo MaKeAOHHJa Meŕy AßeTe cbctckh bojhh h ja aabnpMHpaaT ynoTpeöaTa Ha m3kcaohckhot ja3HK. Hcto TaKa, bo JiHTepaTvpHHTe cnHcaHHJa tuto H3JieryBaaT bo CKonje Ha cpncKoxpBaTCKH ja3HK noBpeMeno ce nenaTaT JiHTepaTypHH npHU03H Ha MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK. KnH^eBHH npojaBH Ha MaKeAOHCKH j33hk ce ocTßapyßaaT h bo noe3HJaTa. Toa ocoöeHO Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 co o6jaByBaH.erro Ha BeJiu uyzpu (1939) oa Komo PauHH. Co H3JieryBaH>eTO Ha oßaa KHHra, ocJ3HHHJa;iHaTa jyrocjiOBeHCKa aAMHHHCTpauHJa AeobMHHTHBHO ce coowna co noAaTOKOT AeKa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK ao^KHByBa eMaHHHnainrja na jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. Pai^iiHOBHTe Eejiti Myipu ja 3auBpcTiuie yjiora Ha 3anaAHOMaKe-AOHCKOTO Hapenje, ocoöeHO Ha neinpa ihmic roBopu, küko ocifOBa 3a MaKeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH (cTaiiAapACii) ja hik. 86 OniUTA rPAMATHKA HA MAK F. J1.0H CKHOTJA3HK riojaBaTa na jiHTeparypHH jj,ejia Ha MaKe/joHCKH ja3HK, hcto Taica, e KapaKTepHCTHima 3a jjeJHoera Ha MaicejiOHCKaTa eMHrpamtja bo ByrapHJa. Bo ByrapHJa Maxe^oHCKHOT ja3HK e jaöpaHeT 3a oapwuHJajiHa ynoTpeÖa, a acHMHjiaTopcicaTa nojiHTHKa Ha Eyrapwja HMajia ueji jia ro yHHiiiTH Maxe/ioHCKHOT HainionajreH HjieHTHTCT. Bo oboj nepnon TTwpHHCKa MaKeflOHiija npexcTaByBajia FJiyBa npOBHHindja bo cocraBOT Ha 6yrapcKarra AP>K3Ba. MaiceflOHCKHOT KyjirypeH >khbot bo Byrapnja jjoara flo H3pa3 npeKy aKTHBHocTa Ha MaKeflOHCKaTa eMHrpaiHTJa bo Coabnja, opramrinpaHa npeKy MaKcnoncKHOT jiHTeparypen KpyjKOK. Meŕy no3HaHaJHHTe khh>kcbhm nojaBH on oboj nepno/j ce h3jtbojvBaax noexcKHTe 3ÖnpKH oj\ Kojie He^ejiKOHCKH: M'cküihuui (1940) h Fleiu üo ceeiäow. (1941), HannuiaHH Ha 3ananHOMaKeflOHCKO Hapenje Bp3 ocHOBa Ha BejieuiKHOT roBop. JlHTepaTypHHTC /jejia Meŕy /jBeTe cbctckh bojhh jaciio ja noTBpfliija napo/onna ociiOBa Ha Make to m iiKuiui|a e o(|>iiiui ja.mo o3aKOH>nan.c HajniTepaTypiiHOTjiuiik H Ha iiennsa i a ynoTpeôa bo npak uika ra. Taa ontyaúB CHCTeMaTH3aHwja Ha 3anojiÄHTejiHH ja:3HMHn npaBHJia h yTBpAyBaH^e Ha 3a,noji>KHTejTHa ja3HHHa nopMa. KoijHapHKanHJaxa e 3HanaeH hhh bo HcropnjaTa na ejien napojj h ce noBp3yBa co peuiaBaMKHTe HacraHH co koh ce 3aoKpy»cyBa jjp^KaBHoera Ha e ah a onniTeCTBeHa 3aejj;HHij,a. KoflHobHKaHHJaTa Ha MaKe/joHCKHOT jasHK e noBpiana co cjie/iHHBe HCTOpHCKH HacTaHH: - co peineiiMeTO Ha npBOTO 3acejraHHe Ha ACHOM (2 a b ry er 1944) 3a BOBejryBaíte Ha MaKejioHCKHOT KaKo cjiyjKÔeH ja3HK bo MaKenpHCKaTa Ap>K3Ba; j - co oapHUMJajiHOTO ycBOJyBaH»e Ha MaKeflOHCKaTa a3ÔyKa; - co oapHUHJajiHOTO ycBOJyBan.e Ha mbkcaohckhot npaßonnc. MaKCAOHCKaTa ap>k3bhoct ce 3auBpcTyBa co HCTopncKHTe peiiieHHJa na ľTpBOTo 3aceAaHHe Ha ACHOM. Meŕy THe peiiieiinja or ocoôeHO 3naiieH,e e PemeuHeTO 3a BOBen,yBaH>e Ha MaKejjoHCKHOT jíHTepaTypen ja3HK KaKo cjiy>K6eH bo MaKCiioHCKaTa a,p>KaBa: WHPElbE HA «yHKUMMTE HA HAPOJJ>lMO T JA3MK 87 2 aezycui 1944 PEUJ EHME Ha AníuuqbaiuucKoíuo coúpanue na napodnouio oc/ioóodyeibe na MátcedoHiija 3a 3aeedyewe na MaKedoncKuoui júsuk kuko cjiyoKÓen ja3itK go MaKedoHCKaiua dpwaea. I Bo MaKedoHCKaiua dpjxaea kciko cňymúen ja3UK ce aáeedye inipodltUOlU MUKCdoUCKU JU3UK. Ha. 2 Osa petuemie ejiežye eednaža eo CUM. Bo Mauacíuupoiu „ Ce. ouieu, Upoxop TIhuwcku " na Hjiunden 2 aezycui 1944 zad. 3a AniuiiqbauaicKomo coúpanue na napodnouio ocjio6odyen>e na MaKeóonuja. Hcto TaKa, ripe3HAHyMOT na ACHOM, KaKO HajBHcOKO toho na MaKenoHCKaTa AP>KaBa, bo HoeMBpH 1944 roAHHa Ha3HanHji KOMncnja cocTaBena ojx MaKeflOHCKH c[)hjtojio3h h oa onujTecTBeHH Aeju,m koh xpeSajio Aa HOAHecaT npeA-nor 3a aióyxa h 3a npaBOHHc Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jaiiiK. IlpBaTa KOMHCHJa He rn oc})opMHJia hcjiocho cbohtc craBOBH. na, co H3BecHH H3MeHH bo cocTaBOT Ha KOMHCHjaTa, npamaH>eTo 3a a36yKaTa h 3a npaBoimcoT ce pennuio bo Maj 1945 roAHHa. 3aeAHO co oBa upauiaihe, Mjie-noBHTe na KoMHcnjaTa pa3rjreAajie noBeKe npaniaita oa oco6eno 3HaHeH>e 3a odpopMyBaFbeTO Ha MaKeAOHCKHOTjiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. FlpHToa, ce nocra-BHJie cjieAHHBe npwHUHiiH: 1. Bo MaKedoncKuoui Miuiepauiypeu ja3UK uipeóa da ce ycuianoeaui onue qbopMU od u,enuLpajiuuiue žoeopu uiiuo eo uajžo/ieM cuieuen ke tu uo&p3aiu cuiue naiuu žoeopu u ke úudaitt necno upueMJiueu 3a Ayéeíuo od cuiue naiuu Kpauuiuia. 2. Bo MaKedoncKuoui Auiuepauiypen ja3UK iupeča do najžoneM cuieuen da ce U3pa3u neioeaiua napodna ocuoea. PennuKoiu na Aumepaiuypnuoui ja3UK da ce oóožauiyea co 36opoeu od cuiue naiuu dujajieKulu, da ce U3žpa-dyeaaul noeu 36opoeu co Mueu uacuiaeKU, u caMO koakv uiuio e uoutpeóno da ce yceojyeaaui u íuyzu 3aeMKU. CeKpeiuap. JbyúoMUp JJ,. Apcoe, c.p. npeuicedaiueA, Meuiodu Ando noe Heniuo, c. p. 88 OniIITA ľPAMATMKA HA MAKF-flOHCKHOTJA3HK 3. MuKcôoHCKauÁu asôyKa üÄpeua da öude cocwaeena od lüoakv 6yK6U Koziny luiüo umü zjiacoeu eo AuüiepaiüypunüLü jasuK. Upaeoüucoiü da ce ujpaöoiüu ep3 qboHeüicKuoiü üpmtnuü. (Bjia^ie KoHecKH, FpaMaTHKa Ha MaKe/iOHCKHor jiirrepaTypeH ja3HK, KyjTTypa, Ckonje, 1982, crp. 56) KoMHCHJaTa 3a a36yxa h npaBonnc bo AcqbHHHTHBHa dpopMa rn dpop-MyjTHpa/ia CBOHTe craBOBH bo Pe30Jiyitfija, AOHeccHa Ha 3 Maj 1945 ronima. Taa e ycBoeHa na 5 Maj 1945 ronHHa oa HapoAHaTa BJia^a Ha MaKefloiiHJa. npaBonncoT Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT ja3HK e nporjiaceii na 7 jymi 1945 roAHHa. KoAH(|)HKaH,HJaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH (cTaHAapAen) ja3HK, BcyiimocT, ro yTBpAyßa h to ojaxoHVBa >khboto 36opyBaH>e na Maxe^oHCKH HapofleH ja3HK, Kaico h axTHBHaTa MaxeAOHcxa nncMeHa ripaKTHxa. Taa TprHyBa oa oöeAHHVBaHicaTa h oa KyjiTypHaTa apyHKíiHJa Ha JíHTeparypHHOT ja3HK. McTOBpeMeHo, npeTCTaßyßa cbccch h oHexyBaH pe3yjiTaT na 3a-jiox&WTQ Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT Hapofl 3a HeryBatt.e Ha HapoAHHOT ja3HK h 3a neroBO H3AHrHyBan>e na paMHHinrre na JíHTepaTypen (cTaiiAapAen) ja3HK. Baxa ocMHCJieHa, Taa ja ojiecHyBa CTaHAapAH3au,HJaTa Ha ja3HHHaTa HopMa h HeJ3HHOTO 6p30 npnabaKaKbe bo cHTe oöJiacTH Ha oabHiiHJajiHaTa ynoTpeöa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT ja3HK. K(>AHc|)HKauHJaTa na Mak utoiii'r hot . ih repa i v pen ja hi k ja oxpa ívna iviaKejiOHCKara jani'iiia npaKTiiKa. Y Jl OT AT A MA EJIA>KE KOHECKH BO KOAMOMKAUMJATA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JTHTEPATYPEH (CTAHßAPAEH) JA3HK B/ia>Ke Kohcckh (1921-1993) HMa 3HanaeH npHAOHec 3a koahc|)h-KaiTHJaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT jTHTepaTypen ja3HK h 3a cTaHAapAHiaiinjaTa Ha iHTcpaTypHoja3HHHaTa HopMa. Bo nepHOAOT Ha KOAMCjwKaiiHJaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT ja:niK (1944-1945), Ejia>Ke KoHecKH HMa ananajHa yjiora bo nponecHTe Ha dpyHKiiHOHHpaHje Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT jaiHK bo npaKTHKaTa, h Toa co noBeíce TpyAOBH 3a pa3-jiHHHH npainaita oa JiHTepaTypHoja3HiiHaTa HopMa, co cbocto noeTCKo TBOpeiHTBO h co HpcBOAnaTa jíHTcpaTypa. YjioraTa na Bjia^ce Kohcckh ocoGeno Aoaŕa j\o njpaj bo aqbupMa-HiijaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT jíHTepaTypeH jaiiiK bo HayxaTa 3a jasEKOT. Botoj norjie-A, oa necoMHen npHAOHec e H3AaBan>eTO Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT npaBonnc IUHPEHdE HA Ke KoHecKH e aBTOp h Ha oöeMnaTa ľpaMauiwca na MaKedon-chuofU MiüXepamypeH jo3UK I-Il (1952-1954). TparviaTHKaTa Ha Kohcckh e cocraBeHa on, jiejia. Bo bobu/jot Ha npBHOT nejí ce pa3pa6oTeHH npamaH>a oil pa3BOJOT Ha mskcjiohckmot íihcmch ja3MK bo MaKenoHHJa, co noceöeH ocBpT Bps Haj3HaiiaJHHTe MOMeHTM Ofl pa3BOJOT H3 COBpCMCHHOT MSKCIJOHCKH JIHTepSTypeH J33HK. npBHOT nejí ofl rpaMaTHKaTa ro on(j)3K3 nejiOT 3a zAacoeuiüe, bo koj e oriHuiaH maco b h hot cHCTeivi Ha MaKenpHCKHOTja3HK, h iiejiOT 3a aKUfiH-ífioiTi, bo koj e npercTaBeH KapaKTepoT Ha MaKejipHCKHOT aKiieHT. BTopHOT rjeji ofl rpaMaTHKaTa hoch iiacjioB 3a qbopMuiüe u Hueuaiäa yüoiüpeöa. Bo oboj fleji ce onniuaHH 3ÖopoBHHrre rpyrni bo MaKenpHCKHOT J33HK, AafleH e nper/ien, h3 ^opMHTe, hhbhoto o6p33yB3H.e, a ocoöeHo BHHMauHe e nocBeTeHO H3 ynoTpeÔSTa Ha (£>opMHTe. I pavia TiiKii i a na KoiiecKH iipn lomí \ i?a 3a iauitpt r\ itan.c na \iake-AOiiCKaTa .min hihi iriKa i epMimo lonija h ja iipeTcraii) Ba ocnoeaTa Ha cotipcMCHara MaKcnoHťKa nayna ja jasiiKOT. Bjiaace Kohcckh, hcto TaKa, e h peasKTop Ha Pchhhkot Ha MaKe-/iohckhot jTHTep3TypeH J33HK bo Tpn TOM3 (1960-1965). Oboj peiiHHK onnrps 3H3H3Jna yjiora bo npaKTHHH3Ta npHMeHa H3 M3KenpHCKH0T JIHTepaTypeH J33HK. TeKCTOBHTe ľúto cjieflyBasT nonpjry ja HJiycTpHpasT ynoTpeöa'ra Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT HapOfleH J33HK BO BTOp3T3 HOJ10BHH3 H3 XIX BCK BO P33JTHMHH 0ÖJ13CTH H3 OnUITetbe: bo ivieŕyceÔHOTO oiiiirreifee: a) eo ceMejciUooiüo: — Bpaiüu zo Hü3ad. — KaKOoo! — TaKa. — Jac žo Kyüuqb u hcmü da zo epaüiaM. — Jac HßMa da zo hocüm. (IipjTHMeB, ABTOÖHorpaqbHJa) 6) eo pa3JiuHHii oütuiüeciii6eHu cuüiyaifuu: — CaKaiu da ceduiu y hoc, da tue InedaM küko cuh? — CaKciM. — Co AndpoHiiKa moj tce xoduiu na ynuAUume, co než o kc ce epaumaui, co nežo Ke pyiaiu, co neio Ke cüueui u üoneKoza Ke zo ymau. (ľlpjHHieB, ABTooHorpacj)HJa) 90 OniIITA rPAMATMKA HA M AKF.AOHCKWOT JA3MK e) eo oüiiiüiuHiiiäe: He momc da ÔuáetTt dpy? den üo3zodeu 3a hoc out cezaumuoG wo eciü oül celaiuHuüie epcMUhbu. (Boiieneii 360p 11a OrmiTonapoAHOTO Bonpenno coöpaHHe Ha npHJiencKaTa oniiiTHHa Ha 28janyapn 1872 r.) I) eo Haciüaßaiüa: - KÜKO BTOp JU3HK BO lüimilCil'Ü Ha APY™ jiľillllli: kho Ha Hame Hapenwe, IĽMPEHdE HA *yHKUMMTE HA HAPOJJHMOT JA3MK 91 3aMecTBaJKH oHMe penn, kom ja h hc 3hsm co ÖJirapcKii. 111ho Aa ce HHHHT HjiaKa, JÄecnoTel Ha me bo Hapenne, Kôra Mo>Kejio na AHKTHpaT Ha jrpyrHxe cjiaBJaircKH napenna, ocTaHajro najCHpOMahtko, h Kao nocTHO nHTan, na cnpy>kbht paKa öhjio na ÖJirapcKOTo, 6hjto Ha cpncKOTO na jiypH h na PycKOTo! ...Jla He ce jiaxHiu, JJecnoTe, HaimonajiHnor jryx y MaKeAOHna no TaKBo flepeipKe neHCCKa e erarHaji, hjtoto h caM liney c XpHCToc aKo cjie3nx o a HeöoHo He MoacHT jja ro yBepHT MaKe;ioHeua, oth toj je ÔJTrapHH mjbh cponn... (IIhcmo oa Tcmko HonoB, njieH na JTo3apHTe) CjieAHHOT H3B3AOK oa yneÖHHKOT KpciMKü cejaumtena ucüiopuja na eeiTixo- u Hoeo3aeeiüHaiüa u,pKoe (1857) oa napTeHHJ 3orpa<{)CKH ro oöjacHyßa oahocot Ha napTeHHJ 3orpac})CKu cnpeMa j33hkot Ha HacTasara bo MaKeAOHCKHTe yHHJiHuiTa, Bpj ocHOBa na: - ynoTpeöaxa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT HapOAeH ja3HK bo yne6 jim kot (noMom: upKoe ce ynoTpeCíyBa bo oxphackhot roBOp, onežaeiuiuu bo hobckc 3anaAH0MaKeA0HCKH roBopii...); - 3ano3HaBaH>eTo Ha yncHHUHTe co ijpKOBHocJioBeHCKaTa jieKCMKa (Bp3 npHMepOT Koenez) m ynorrpe6aTa Ha u,pKOBHocJioBeHH3MMTe uooejieuue - A03B0Jia, ucúaúhhuk — H3B0p, K3K0 h naAOKnara cJ)opMa McUtílHHOMy Božy); - ynoTpeÖaTa Ha 3ÖopOBH oa Apyna jajhhh [kojíTio, Kojaiüo oa ôyrapcKHOT h KJhyn oa cpncKHOT, OBAe co 3Haiien>e 'H3Bop'). Hoe 3eôe oül Boža ilped üoiTioüoül ftoecjienue 3a da uaiipauiu žosieM Kopaô, Kojiüo e CejatuiüeHoülo üucanue ce euKaül Koene?. u Kojülo üipeöeuie da ejtěsěiu üloj, wenaüla My u ül po u i^aiTta cuhoôu miOßu c MCHuäle um. Hoe, enežaeiumu 6 Koanežoňi, 3cde co ceôe oül ülue MUßoüÄHu luiiio ue MOJKaul da Miiaejaül so eoda, oiü ceicoj pod äo dee. Tlo üieja xeaiüu da epueüi cusieu doM öecüpecütaHHo neüuipueceiü dnu u neiüupueceül noumtu. Oceen iüeja cuiüe üod3eMHit UCUloHHLiuu u Kjbyneeu ce p036p3aet it eodauia. Kojauto oni nac na nac ce Kpeeauie itozope, ftoutoiiu najüocjie cume n^ydu u 3ßepoeu. B me ja epCMC upKomTia EoMuja ce coxpanu a ceMejcüleoiüo Hoeeo, Koeüio ce KjiuHituue HcmunnoMy Bazy. 92 OmiJTA rP A M ATM K A HA M AKF. AO H CK MOT JA3MX H3AHrHyiíaii.eTO na MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK Ha paMHHurre Ha ja3HK na HayHHaTa JíHTepaxypa ce noKaxyBa h Bp3 npHMepOT Ha BožOMUJiuiue oa Koho PainiH: BozoMUJiume — KpaülKü pacüpaea oül ucülopuaüla MaxedoncKa — II HaJAecno ke ce pcuöepe öoiomuacmgomo ciko ce pa3Z~Aeda nezoeaiüa peAužuo3na jaiÜKCi. EozoMUACüleoülo cu öeutepenuzuosno üienenue, ho Me3Öpeiüo My öeute couuüaho. Hyiwu iüoea zu muhü pctMKUüie na edna eepcKa cenma u ce paiuupu küko napodno, luiüom zu 3aqbaHa eKcmoMCKO-KyAiüypHuiüe nyMÖu na napodoüi. 3a da ce üojaeu, 6c)20MiiActü8oülo iiMaiae žoasmu eKOHOMCKO-üoAuüluHKu üpitHUHu: ce uožoacmo 3ažpa6yeH>e Ha 3e,MJaüla na ceAanuüle oül cülpana na qbeydaAnaüla u npKoenaüla apucüloKpat{uja, ce üozoacmu HäMeülu oül dpMaeaüla, a oül dpyza ciupana, MopaAHOülo u üoAumuHKo üadahbe na mua uiülo öAadeeAe, ocoöeno MopaAHOülo üadawe eo OHitme na napodoüi na npKoenaüla apucülOKpaiuija. (MC3dpe - cpneeuna, ocnoea; nynKii - öudeJKu) 3a BpeMe Ha BTopaTa CBeTCKa boj Ha bo MaKeAOHHJa H3neryBajie HaA 50 pa3JIHTlHH BeCHHIXM Ha MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK. Ja3HMHHTe OCOÖeHOCTH BO cjieAHHBe npHMepH oa MaKCAOHCKHTe bcchhiíh oa oboj nepHOA CBeAonaT 3a BHCOKHOT CTeneH Ha ycoBpmeHocT Ha HapoAHHOT ja3HK: MüKedoHCKCi naitfiiouaAna ceec u yceA^a 3a ocAoôodysahbe üojaeyje ce üpuAunno donno y odnoc na dpyíu komwujcku napodu. (oa BecHHKOT „JJeAO MßaH", 15 cerrreMBpH 1941, KyMaHOBO) FoACMa öydnocül ülpeöa eo ôypnuiue epcMuna Koža c e nuwam ped cydöonocHu dožapaju u ce peuiaeaul cyäôunaula na MüAuüle üopoöeHu napodu. (HapOAen mac, 6p 4 oa 12 anpHJi 1942, OpHjien) Ja3HH:HHTe ocoôeHOCTH Ha cjieAHHTe MaKeAOHCKH tckctobh oa 1945 AO 1950 co coBpeMeHaTa ja3HMHa Hopivra fh HjrycTpHpaaT pa3jiHKHTe bo ja3HHH3Ta HopMa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaxypeH ja3HK. CnopeAH. UIHPEH>E HA tpyHKUHHTE HA HAPOAHMOT JA3MK 93 i PEU1EHHE 3a npaeonHCOT Ha MaxeaOHCKHOT jaanK Ha ocmobshhc i/i. 6 k ľ oa 3akuhot hs HapOAitara b/tsas Ha MaKe^onHJa, a Ha ripea-ror Ha KonncHJaTa 3a jasHK h npa-BonKC npw MHHHCTepcTBOTo na HapoÄHara npocseia, MHHHCTepOT Ma HapojiHaTa npocaeia ro acmecye c/iejmoro P E ÜJ E H H E i». i MaiceAOHCKHOT npaBoriHC, npejuoweH oa KOMHCHJara sa jasHK h npaBonuc npH Mhhhctépctboto Ha HapcxsHara npocnera, ce npHCvta Kaiío o(pnnHa/ieH tipaBonnc Hctmot ke ce OTneyaTH bo saceÖHH khhwkh, Kano Hajiatte Ha MHHHCTepcTBoro hb HapottHaxa npoceeTa. Ha. 2. Oßa peujCHHe a^erye no CH^ia co aeHOT na oßjaByeniero CKonje, 7 VI 1945 ro^. MuHHCTep kb ripocaeiaia H. MHHiťh. c. p 2. KaKo ce oôpa3yaT r/iacoMté řípu n3ÄHiuye}beTo óenme unrepw ce CTeraar h ro acífrp-jfyai B03ÄyxoT. Bo3ayxoT H3/iérye npeKy jxyiu hukot, rpaoio n ycTaTa Haaaop. Bo ropHMOT xen na ayuiHHKOT noa „AaawoBOTO jaöoaKO" ce HajayaT ase HaGpaHH kowmmkm — raacujiKH. Twe on, BoaayxoT saTpenepyaT n oa hhbhoto rpenepefce ce o6pa3ye rnac, koj ujto bo ycTara ao6nBa hoaHO o0opiviyeibe KaKo tskob. Ho mo)Ke aa nocTaHe raac h Öe3 rpenepei-be na raacMJiKKTeH cawo co opraHHTe bo ycTaTa, ho toj fee 6wae ne3ByweH. (Kpyisie KenecKH, MciKedoncKa zpaMaiüuKci, 1947) 3. MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK BO HAIÍIMTE CPEflHH YHHJIHWTA ííacmaeama äo MäKedoucKu ja3UK eo namume cpednu yHUJiumrna eo üpeuüie zoduHu üo ocnooodyeaweulo imauie žojicm 6poj Hedocüiaiüou,u üopaöu HeMaweiüo na cUlpynna cüpeMa u ucKycüieo eo paöoiäaiüa na üpebaeamime. Ho deuecKa eeke zo/ieM deA od meuiKOüXuuüXe uuüo ce epekaeaa ce äpeÔpodenu u ne kou nebocmaüXou^ oulKAoneulu, üXaKa uiüio ce cekaea žoneMo üoöoöpyeahbe. (Pana YrpuHOBa, MaKenoHCKiioT ja3HK bo HauiHTe cpenHH y^iwiHniTa, MäKedoucKu JC13UK, EnnTeH Ha KaTenpaTa 3a MaKenoHCKH jaaHK, 6p. 1, 1950 ron.)