2^ L E S cti ic # ÄNLVfe(Z) Shopping s N *XU*> D a o g u e o I ) Mary goes to a flea market. r> h 'i i. i / r 'j - : Mear i i Mis** no hiUO Mearii Mise no hito 5 i r ') - : Mnuli Mise no hili) 7 / 7 ') - : Mearii Sum im a sen. Koře wa i k lira desu ka. bore wa sanzen en desu. Takai desu ne. |aa, ano to kec wa ikura d*»su kd. Are wa ?anzengohyaku en desu. Soo desu ka. Are mo takai desu nc. žíní ®& a -a tf v < ^ 4 -c- t i o K'ore wa senhappyaku en de^u yo. jaa, sono tokee o kudasai. A man finds a wallet on the ground. Shiranai hito /i t. 'i «■ 9 # 7' 'J - : Mearii Koro wa dare no saiiu desu ka. Waiashi n.u saifu desu. Arisatoo ^ozdittidsu. P ----ffv- l**4 jm SX*** After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant. 4 £ {. S 41 t ti * IJeptoresu Irdbshaimase. Menyuu o doozo. 2 / r 'j - : Mearii 3 "| - \ V % Ueetoresu 4 > r V - : Mearii 5 ^7 f. U X Ueetoresu 6 %. 7 \ - : Mearii Doomo. Kore \va nan desu ka. Dore desu ka. Aa. tonkatsu desu. Tonkatsu? Sakana desu ka. lie, sakana [a arimasen. S'iku desu. )aa, kore o onegaishimasu. Oishii desu vo. 7 j2 f 'J - : Mearii 8 $ jl— h ^ X Ueetoresu f^l^l, J£lC&&V*S gf^-thftk Sumimasen, otearai wa doko desu ka. Asoko desu. I Mary: Excuse mc. How much is this? Vendor: It is 3,000 yen. Mary: It's expensive. Well then, how much is that watch? Vendor: That is 3,500 yen. Mary: I see. That is expensive, too. Vendor: This is 1.800 yen. Mary: Then. I'll take that watch. * * • Stranger: Whose wallet is this? Mary: It's my wallet. Thank you very much. Waitress: Welcome. Here's the menu. Mary: Thank you. What is this? Waitress: Which one? Oh. it is tonkatsu (pork cutlet). Mary: Tonkatsu'; Is it fish? Waitress: No, it is not fish. It is meat. It is delicious. Mary: Then. I'll have this. * * • Mary: Excuse me. Where is the restroom? Waitress: It is over there. /3n/uIS5 Grammar — zti &n aft What do wc do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of? We say "this thing," "that one." and so furth. In Japanese, we use kore. sore, and are. ZHli o( ^>X'~t^\ Hate much is tin's/ Kore \va tkura desu ka. £41(2 S /v -tf/u £ L Ti"B rAfli $ * Qty gift, Kore refers to a thing thai is close to you. the speaker ("this thing here"). Sore is something that is close to the person you are talking to ("thai thing in front of you"), and are refers lo a thins that is neither close to the speaker nor the listener ("that one over there"). Arc wa watashi ao pen desu. Z ft J2 fc£ M9 -<> x~i\. f_n (2 fc>fcl<3 -<> T1\ Kore wh w.h.ishi no pen Hesu. Sine wa uJtashi no pen desu. There is also an expression dure for "which." Here we will learn tn use (lore in sentences like: Hore desu k.i. Which one in it (that yon are talking about)'/ mm* In this lesson. we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can bo put to use. because there is a slight complication with question words like don'. Question word.-, like dore and nani cannot be followed by iln- partíck na. Instead, you must use the particle iiu and say: 'ttfUŮ^ hf±Ťz<0 -š. > *C Ť t1: Which one is your pen? Dore ga anata no pen de»u ka. ZO/ZOmO/ČCD + noun If you want to be slightly mare specific than kore. sure, and are. you can use kono. soiw, and (mo together with a noun. (.Note here that the re series must always stand alone, while the no series must always be followed by a noun.) Thus, if you know that the item in your hand is n watch (lokee). instead of: ZtliX ^11 { hX*~i~ti*z How much is tin's? Sore vvd ikura desu ka. you can say: Z cr> y \ \ (± \,\ < ^'Cti'- How much is /his icatch? Kono lokee wa ikura desu k.i. Similarh. if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to, you can say: t.0g tfVMá I L 0 L $ L f 1" i Thai ivakh is 3. QUO yen. Sono lokee wa san/Ki un desu. And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say: hfl* It Wjt % L*£ k, íříř < Í A *C"f 0 icatch over there is it 500 yen. Ann iokctj \\ú sanzengohvaku en úqsu. If you already know that one ot several watches is 3.500 yen but do not know which, you can say: ťji£>ohvaku en desu ku. Since dono is a ciuestion word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle iva with it: we must use ga. To summarize: 3*1 30 noun (IS-) close to the person speaking *0noun close to the person listening ei*-) SO noun (IS—) far from both people an _ noun PM) unknown tfll y^n© noun In Lesson 1. we learned how to say things like Mearii satt no demva ban goo (Mary's phone number) and Takeshi sail no akaasan (Takeshi's mother). Wfi now learn how to ask who something belongs to. The question word for "who" is dare, and for "whose." we simply add the particle no. Kore wa dare no kanan desu ka. Whose hug is this? (Ijj 33 *^3 <£>"£"3 £3 We will learn just one more ko-so-a-do set in this lesson: Awfro, soAo. asoko. and djti&Q StiBE words Tor places. here, near me there, near you over there if lie re You can ask for directions by saying: tAI -yr/l, ^ "5 5 J: < (i IT? "CTAv /sLtfitte ih#, is the post office? Sumimasen. yuubinkyuku wa doko desLt ka. If you are close by, you can point to word the post office and say; (VP 7 XfA, $ 1 < Li) h *c t (The post office is) right over there. iYuubinkyoku wA) asoko deiit. Sore w3 Suu ^an no kalian rlesu. That is Sue's bug. We will learn how to give more specific directions in Lesson I. WfM noun In Lesson 1. we learned how to say "Item A is this, item R is that." We now learn how lo say "Hem A is this, and item B is this, too." h M L L !i Uli/v I* Takeshi is a Japanese person. Takeshi san wa nihnnjin Jesti. At: J/vj^ i-liA, LVl, 'C't. Mich if w is Japanese, loo. Michiko scin mo nihonun (jesu. N'ote thai these two sentences are almost identical in shape. This is natural, as ihe> both claim that a certain person is Japanese. The second sentence, however, is different from the first in rhai we do not find the particle tea in it. We have nw instead. Mo is a particle that indicates that that item, too, has the siren property. One thing that you should watch out for is CNactly where the particle is placed. In English, the word "too" can he placed after the sentence as a whole, as in ihe example above. Xot so in Japanese. In the above example, nw must directly follow Michiko sun. A \t X It** B % X ^To two items shared property' Mil noun D^&O^'ttA/ To negate a statement of the form A" wa Y desn. where V is a noun, you replace desu with ja anniast'tt* V | fc 5 L M. ¥ | *£v> L' & f) 1 Mr. Yamada is not a student. Yamada san wa gakuiee ja arirrsasen. 'We cannot use >m> in describe a situation like ilit* following" Our friend. Pat, has dual citizenship: Pat is a Japanese, but at the same time, she is an American. To describe the second half of this situation, we cannot say. Patio urn inuerikajin desu. because the sentence- would mean that Pal. in addition to sonicbnd> that has been mentioned, is an American, Neither dm we say, Patto tea (wiert'kaiiii mo desu. (Japanese speakers would say, Palto tea auwrikajin dona arinsasitJ zln the dialogues, there are two sentences that end with desu. which call for special attention: .4«' mo takui desu lie {Thai one too is expensive), and Oistni desn yo (It is delicious). These sentences cannot be negated by replacing desu with ja aritnasen, because iakai and oishii are not nouns. Are ma takai ja urinmsen and otslrii ja arimaatm are therefore not grammatical. Instead, one would have to say takakit (trhuuseu and oiftkiku urimmen. We will learn about the coiiJLi.nai.iiin pattern of adjectives in Lesson 3. . 1 is X. B too is X. Jd in ju arimasen is :\ contraction of deiva. In written Japanese, Hie uncontracted form is more common; thus, the above sentence more likely appears in writing as Yamadu suit wa gakusee dewa arimasen. affirmative: (X \t) Y Tito X is >'. negative: (X |£) Y U^^D^^uo .V 19 V. Statements often end with the tags ue or .v«, depending on rlie way The speaker views the interaction with I he listener. If the speaker is seeking the listener's confirmation or agreement to what has been said, then ne ("right?") could be added. V — 5 A, $ A, 11 .wV// < X"f fee Ms. Lee, your major is literature, right? Kii san no senmon wa bimgdku desu ne. CfUi fc£ I W not meat, is it? Kurr wri nikn ja arimasen ne. Another particle, yo ("I tell yon"), is added to a statement if the speaker wants to assure the listener of what has been said. With yo added, a statement becomes an authoritative decree. it !& *"3{Jt ^ IT & f) 3 -U- /v 1 , Tnnkatsii wa sakana ja arimasen yo. Let me assure you. "Tonkatsu" is not fish. k I & ^ 4 :.i 4 ^J') x (j /v t^Jb Sumisu san wa igirisujiii desu yn. f/;/ case you're wondering,) Mr. Smith is British. 80 I wtmy—h Expression Notes (■— fcič^L^► f . . . o) kndOSOi is "Pléitse gbe nu- X." Yon can list' it to request (concrete) items ill general. (—^ÍSfeířl^ U^lT ► ( ... oj ouťgaisliinutsu too is a request few hem X. When used to ask for a concrete object. f . . . oj onegaishinutsu sounds slightly more upscale than ( . . . o J kitdasai. It is heard often when ordering food at a restaurant ("I will have ...").(... o) ouegaishimusu can also be used to ask for "abstract objects." such as repairs, explanations, and understanding. (—^)Č.Ž>3z*- f . . . o) doom is used when an offer is made with respect to item X. In the dialogue, the restaurant attendant uses it when she is about to hand the menu to the customer. It may also be used when a person it waiting for you to come forth with item X: a telephone operator, asking for your name, would probably say Omuuuc o doozo. (O is a politeness marker. Therefore oiunnac is "your honorable name.") On the pronunciation of number words Note that the words for 300, GOD, S00. 3,1)00 and S.flllO involve sound changes. "Counters" whose first sound is //. like Jiyaku (hundred), generally change shape after 6, and 8. Some counters that begin with s, like sett (thousand), change shape after 3 and 8. Refer to ihe table at the end of the volume. Big numbers ► In addition l o r he digit markers for tens Unit), hundreds (i/yok/t). and thousands (soi). which are found in Western languages as well, Japanese uses the marker for tens of thousands (man). Thus 20,000. for example, is nimau (=2x10.000), rather than nijuuseu (-20x1.000). While the next unit marker in Western languages is one million. Japanese describes Lhat number as 100x 10.000. that is. iiyakitmaii. More complicated numbers can be considered the sums of smaller n Limbers, as in the following examples, 23 1,567 2:-ix 10.000 4x 1.000 6 x 10 i:L;íÍHÍA inijuusartman) £A,i±/v (vousem 100 Z'Z>S>< (gohyaku: ^ < Ľ ô irokujuu) i ft/uU^o Practice 1 ~$-Z>\J (Numbers) 100 LS- ( 1,000 10,000 hyaku sen ichiman 200 I: U £ < 2,000 20,000 1: 3 k nihvaku risen ninidri 300 < 3,000 30,000 § /I 3 /, sanbvaku sanzen »■an mar 400 1 k V < 4,000 40,000 yonliyaku yonsen von man 500 - V •;• s 5,000 50,000 r| /v gohyaku goscn soman 600 6,000 i < 60,000 '££ mppvoku rokusen ro k u m a n 700 t $ U- <* < 7,000 70,000 3; a-1 & nanahyaku nanasen nanaman 800 8,000 80,000 happyaku hassen hat liiman 900 9,000 90,000 kvuuhvaku kyuusen kyuuman A. Read the following numbers. (^>)l m 34 'hi 67 (O 83 d 99 lei 125 if 515 (8» 603 (h) 850 It) 1,300 .i 3,400 ik; 8,900 (1) 35,000 $ 64,500 -n 92,340 B. Look at the pictures and answer how much the things are. (*j Example: Q ! <> (i $f!C1hi% Fen wa ikura desu ka. A : at, i; * t £&*rf% Hachijuu en desu. Ex. ^ > ¥80 ¥50 (2) ¥1,000 13) lA,rU/u ¥110 (4) Ilk ¥1,500 (5) r —7 ¥600 in) <. -3 ¥3,500 (7) tftV* ¥10,000 (8) A'tf/v ¥20,000 (12) / - h (9) L* L ; ¥8.000 (13) (Ji L ¥2.800 (Hi) ^~ > X* (11) L"t /L L * C. Pair Work—One of you looks at picture A and the other looks at picture B (p. 50). (Don't look at the other picture.) Find out the price of all items. Example: A : L L V*O li ^ < b tf AS Cnpifsu v.a ikura desu ka. B : < £/v-:-tc H\aku en de^u. Picture A ¥1,200 ¥36,000 ¥10,000 ¥8,000 A. Items (1) through (6) are near you, and items (7) through (12) are near your friend. Your friend asks what these things are. Answer the questions. Pay attention to Ztl (kore) and ^ti {sore). Example 1: Your friend : £ ti (i & A, Sore wa nan desu ka. You : <>tf: Kore wa pen desu. Example 2: Your friend '. Zjiii ft a, "C'1~j6\ Kore wa nan deMj k% You : f ft£ hk-t-tt Sore wa loreenan desu. B. Look at the picture and tell what each building is. Example: Q : hill* %.&Vlr4*i Ate v.-i nan riesu ka. A : hi1-li K t i $*-&"*rf", \r>> wa toshokan de*u. 3P./VK C. Pair Work—Point out five things in 1 they are using Ztl (kore), Ztl {sore); for the vocabulary. Example 1: A : hUli &&Tl"**fl Are wd nan t\e\u ka. B : ^it'wc-t. Are wa lokcc deMj. he classroom and ask your partner what or $ft (are). Refer to the picture on p. 53 Example' 2. A : &&^f#* Sore wa runi desn ka. 1 : :itii -OCT. Kore wa pen desu. D. Pair Work—One of you looks at card A and the other looks at card B (p. 51). Ask and answer questions to find out the price of each item. Use ZO) (kono), (sono), or &CD (ano) appropriately. Example: Customer: Zu ka. * T >} — t- ,1 *C'T: Mt-ani san no kdsa de«u. Picture A (1) (2) (3) ^3% Switch roles with your partner. (6) (7) _ CB) (4) (9) 4HK (5) (10) Look at the pictures below and describe each picture. (^) Example: Otoosan wa nihonjin dcsu. Okaasan mo nihonjin de=u. Ex. Japanese Father Mother A. Look at the chart on the next page and answer the questions. (3 Example: Q ! / 7 'J - | & it I-ilk L" & 1? ?*#, Mcarii san wa nihonjin desu ka. lie, nihonjin ja arimasen. Amerikajin desu. Takeshi san wa diuugokujin desu ka. Robaato san wa amerikajin desu ka, Yamashita sensee wa kankokujin desu ka. Robaato san no ienmon wa nihon^o desu ka. Suu san no sun m on wa keezai desu ka. Takeshi san wa Toozai daigaku no gakusee desu ka. Mcaríi san wa Rondon dau;aku no yaku^ee děsu ka. Takeshi san wa ninensee dcsu ka. 5uu san wa (chlnMSBiB de-,'., kd. 10 . O / V - ř I X ÍÍ I *S Är 4É!- V *C Ť : Robaato >an wa voner.see desu ka. ITarl. Man Kimura Takes ni Kim, Sue Smith, Robert Yamashita sensee Nationality American Japanese Korean British Japanese School U. of Arizona Tozai L'ni\. Seoul Univ. U. of London Tozai Univ. Major Japanese history computer business (Japanese teacher) Year 2nd year 4th year 3rd year 4th year B. Pair Work—Ask your partner whose belongings items (1) through (7) are. Your partner will refer to the picture on the next page and answer the questions. Example: A ! C tfu'i / T ]) - | A, ® &V*J*1fc#$% Ex. Kore wa Mearii san no saifu desu ka. B : w w x.„ I f V - 5 L l/tyz> (Review Exercises) A. Role Play—One student is a store attendant. The other is a customer. Use Dialogue I as a model. 2SM B, Role Play—One student is a waiter/waitress. The other student goes to a restaurant. Look at the menu below and order some food or drink, using Dialogue I as a model. Pair Work I C.= Example: A : LA,Xf^l± w< ^t"f^; Enpitsu wa ikura desu ka. B?«#t-**Tite ^ V10Q Hvaku en desu. Picture B Example: Customer : Z9)\zh\X w < h ~? ? £\ Kono hon wa ikura dcsu ka. Store attendant : < si-en hyaku en desu. Card B ¥2,100 Part I. You are a customer. Ask for the Part II. You are a store attendant. Yell price of items (1H5). the customer how much each item is. Pair Work ID — V__w. Example: A \ Zixii tin