CTOJKA EOJKOBCKA J1HJIJAHA MHHOBA - ŕyPKOBA JtfIMHTAP UAHZJEB /KlMlkO UBETKOBCKM OniIITA rPAMATHKA MAKE30HCKH0T JA3M CTOJKA EOJKOBCKA JTHJIJAHA M HH O BA - FY PK O BA AMMHTAP nAHJJEB >KMBKO UBETKOBCKH OniDTA rPAMATHKA HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK nPOCBETHO flEJlO Afl CKOnJE 2008 HCTOPHCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJOHCKMOT JA3HK ► nOHETOUM HA C JIO BEH CK ATA HHCMEHOCT ► CTAPOCJIOBEHCKPÍ A3EYKM ► CPEAHOBEKOBHH KHM>KEBHM 1ÜKOJ1M BO MAKE^OHUJA ► MAKEflOHCKATA BAPHJAHTA HA UPKOBHOCJIO-BEHCKMOT J A3MK ► MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK KAKO BAJTKAHCKH JA3MK ► M AKE^OHCKMOT JA3HK OJX XIV RO XVIII BEK HCTOPHCKH PA3BMTOK HA MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK 41 MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3MK BO CEMEJCTBOTO HA (jy>KHO)CJTOBEHCKMTE JA3RU.H CnopeA HCTopHCKHOT pa3BHTOK, Maia' (Diit'Kiioľ ja3HK ciiaŕa bo ceiviejcTBOTo na cjioBeiicKHTe jiniiun. Bo HayKaTa 3a jasHKOT, jajniniTe ce rpyirapaira BOJa3HHHH ceiviejcTBa, Bp3 ocHOBa Ha MeŕyceÔHaTa cpojniocT, ojhiocho Bpj ocHOBa Ha hhbhoto 3aeAHHMKO noTeKJio. Toa no/ipaiôupa rckü jašsmpsTe uito My npHnaŕaaT Ha HCToja'jiiMHoceMejcTBOHCTOpMCKHcepa3Biuieoj\e;i,eH sacími hkh npaja3HK. TaKa, C JI O R C H C K M T G jaSHip BO/HIT IIOTeKJTO Ofl QJ\ei\ iae/JHHHKH npajaiHK, koj bo HayKaTa ce HapeKyBa npacjTOBencKH (onuiTOCJioBeHCKH) ja3HK. npacjTOBCHCKHOT J33HK, nax, bojjh noTeKjio or nocTapHOT npa- HHJIOCBponCKH ja3HK. Chtc ja3Hini uito Boj^aT noTCKJio ofl npaHH^oeBponcKHOT, íh;imh h chtc cjioBencKH ja3HiiH, My npHnaŕaaT Ha tojicmoto ceMejcTBO niuio-eBponcKH jaiHHH. Oßa ceMejcTBO oncjxiKa roJieM 6poj jaiHiin tuto ce 360-pyBajie bo Eßpona h bo A3HJa, a ßeHec ce pacnpocTpaucTH h Ha jjpyniTe KOHTHHCHTH BO CBCTOT. JJeHec, ja3HUMTe ihto cnaŕaaT bo ceMejcxBOTo na cnoBencKwre ja^Mun 3a3eMaaT iinipoKa repuropuja Ha eBponcKHOT kohthhcht h o6pa3yBaaT TpH rpyíiH ja3Hirn: - jy>KHOCjioBCHCKa rpyna ja3HUH, bo Koja noxpaj MaKCjjoncKHOT, cnaŕaaT öyrapcKHOT, cpncKHOT, xpBaTCKHOT h cjioBeHenKHOT; - HCTOMHOcjioBeHCKa rpyna ja3HH,H, bo Koja cnaŕaaT pycKHOT, Öejio- pyCKHOT H yKpaHHCKHOT H - 3anaflHocjTOBeHCKa rpyna ja3HUH bo Koja cnaŕaaT nojiCKMot, "leiii- KHOT, CJTOBaMKHOT, JJOJIH O JI y )KH XIK H OT, ropiIOJiy>KHHKHOT H KailiyiTCKHOT. npH BäKBOTO rpynHpaiBe, ocBeii ja3HHHH, ce 3eMaaT npeflBHfl n TepHTOpHJaJIHH H H CT O p H C K O - KyjT Ty p H H K p HTC p H y M H. Bo nepno^oT no 1990 roflHHa npn H3flejiyBaH>eT0 Ha noceÔHHTe ja3HHH ocoöeHo ce Hajio)KyBa h onniTecTBenonojihthhkhot KpHTepnyM. 42 OniJJTA rPAVIATHKA HA M A K1 i J 1,011 (' K M OT J A 311K TtiKa, o)\ nopaneiiiiiHOT cpncKoxpiiaTCKH ja3HK jjeHec ce h3acjichh jjpa noceÖHHcTaHjjap/iHii janíka: cpncKHOTHxpBaTCKHOT(aceH3jiejiyBaaT,KaKO jasmp Ha onLUTecTBeHara cpe/uina, co cboh ocoöeHOcrn h óountanKH h HpHoropCKH). Meŕy 3ana3HocjioBencKHTe ja3HHW Kaxo CTaHnapjien jajHK no iiajHOBo upeMe ce jaByna h KamyncKHOT ja3HK, koj tiMaji cxa'ryc na /UijajieKT Ha nojicKiiOT ja3HK. TepHTopHJajTHHOT KpHTepnyM TprHYBa oj\ reorpacj^cKaTa nonp-3aHOCT3 HCTopHCKo-KyjľľypHiioT ni HM3 iipe/jBnn, KoHTSKTHT6 Meŕy Hapornrre BO MHHaroTo, a oninTecTiíeno-iiojíHTHHKHOT KpHTepnyM - ynoTpeÖara na CTaH/iap/HíHo ľ ja'siiK bo /ja/jena onutTecTBeHa 3aejTHHii,a (/mvKana) ho cHTe cobcpii Ha jaBHOTO oniuTeite. HcTOMHOcjTOBeHCKaTa h 3 a n a /h 1 o c jt o BCHCKaTa rpyna ja3HHH Meŕy-ceÖHO rpaniHiaT, jjoßeKa jy^nocjioHeHCKaTa rpyna ja3HHH e o/ujejieHa oj\ h HB ripCKv rtpyľM ja3HHii (repMaHCKHOT, ynrapcKiioT h poMaHCKHOT). Jy>KHOcjiOBeHCKaTa rpyna jasuuH ce flejiH Ha flBe nonrpymi: - HCTOHHOJyÄHOCJIOBeHCKa (MaKenOHCKMOT, ÔyrapcKHOT) n -3aiia;UIOJy>KHOCJ10BCHCKa(cpnCKHOT, XpBaTCKMOl II CJIOBeHeHKHOT). McTopucKH, bo rpyriaia na jy>KiiocjiOBeHCKHTe ja3HHH cnaŕa h crapocjiOBeHCKHOT, koj npeTcraByBaji npB jwTepaTypeH (cTaii;uip;icn)ja3HK 3a CHTe cjioBencKH napojen. Bo rpyna ľa Ha 3anaflHocjroBeHCKH jaiiiHH bo m h h a toto cnaŕaji h nojiancKHOT ja3HK, k oj bo tckot Ha ucTopHJaTa 6hji acHMMJinpan Ofl coce^HHTc ja3niin, uper; ce, oj; icp\iancKnoľ. nojiancKHOT j a niK HeMaji CBOJa nncMCHOCT. CoBpeMeHHTe cjioBencKii ja3HHH noKa>KVHaar rojieMa ľjiiimhoct ho rpa m aTH m k a Ta cTpyKTypa, bo jicKCHKaTa h bo (j>OHeTHKara Toa ce oöjacnyBa co hhbhoto noTeKJio o,q aaeflHHHKHOT npajasHK h co 3 a e h h hk h ot >khbot BO MHHaTOTO. CjHHIHOCTHTe Ce IlO'JaOĽJlOKHTeJIHH Meŕy jaiMUMTe Ofl H CT a rpyna. Ojí npyra CTpana, pa3jiHKHTe Meŕy hhb ce nojiacaT Ha hhbhhot HOCeÔeH H CaMOCTOeH HCTOpiICKH pa3BHTOK. MaKCflOHCKiioT ja3HK noKa>KyBa noBeŔe saeomiMKH ocoôchocth co rtpyruTe cjiobchckh ja3HUH h Toa iiaJMHory bo oboiieTHKaTa, bo jieKCHKaTa h bo 36opoo6paíyBaH,eTo. Co jy>KHocjiOBeHCKHTe ja3HU,H, m a k c i{ o h c k h ot J&3HK noKa>KyBa noroJieM opoj jaenHHMKH ocoöeiiocni kou, ocnen nasaejníHHKOTO hotckjio, ceflOJDKaT n Ha HenocpeAmiTc BpcEK. Co ÔyrapcKHOT, KaiKHOCJiOBeHCKH jaiiiK, Makuaohckhot noKaacyßa cjthhhoct bo rpaMaTMKaTa, bo oTcycTBOTo Ha noceÜHH na/ie>KHH HCTOPMCKH PA3BHTOK HA M AKF-AOHCKHOT JA3MK 43 CJ30pMM KOH Ce KapaKTepHCTCTHHH 33 flpyTHTe CJTOBeHCKH jaSWUH, HO ÖHTHO ce pa3jiHKyBa bo cj)OHexHKaTa (cnopeA H3roBopor Ha rnacoBHTe h aKijeHTOT), KaKO H BO JICKCHKaTa. Po;;cHMTe 3ÖopyBaiiH Ha ej;eH cjioBencKn ja3HK 6e3 norojieMii TeujKOTHH jiccHO mo>k3tA3 pa30epaT h fla coBJia^aaTApyrcjiobchckh ja hik. npeA ce, nopaAH rojieMHOT 6poj 3aeAHHHKH 36opoBH. HeKOH oa hhb penncn ce hcth bo CHTe cjioBeHCKH ja3HU,H (Ha npHMep: Auüa, mcô, cuací, hoc, oet^a, ■puna) a mckoh ce pa3JTHKyBaaT, npeA cě, nopaAH HCTopncKn npoMenn bo HsroBopoT (na npHMep: COH, den, ped, mcim, soep caeca, m e?, a, 3eMJa). Bo CJIOBCHCKHTC ja'iHUH HM3 II 3aCAHHMKH iÖOpOBH UJTO Ce CpCKaBaaT h bo ApyniTC iíHAOCBponcKH ja3Hu,n. Tne ja oApajyßaar jae/uuiMKaTa AyxoBiia h MaTepHJajTHaTa Kyjrrypa bo MHiiaTOTO. TaKBH ce. Ha npHMep, 36opOBirre ujto rn 03HanyBaat iioumhtc: mujku. iuĺuTiko, ôpaiTi, ceciüpa, eoda, dpQO, noe, mo j, deci, item, cyM h Apyrn- FIhcmoto, hcto TaKa, e Ba>KHa ocoÖeHOCTHa cOBpeMemrre cjiOBeHCKH J33HHH. Co KHpHJTHH,a Ce nHUJyBaaT MaKCAOHCKIIOT, CpHCKHOT, ÔyrapCKHD ľ. pycKHOT, yKpanHCKHOT n óe.iopycKiioT (cpncKiioT, ocBen co KiipíĽinna, ce nninyBa h co jiaTHHHna). CeKOJa oa obhc aiôyKH e iian,HOHajTHä, 3aiirro H\ia CBOH npeno3H3TJiHBH öyKBH. TaKa, övkbhtc k, í h s ce ocoöchoct Ha MaKCAOHCKaTa KiipHJinna. JUpyrHTe cjiobchckh ja3Hnn ce nniuyBaaT co jurninnna. no 3a k a p a k re p n CTH h HHTe cjiobchckh rjiacoBH ce ynoTpeöyBaaT noceÖHH övkbh. Mei'y cjiOBCHCKHTe j 33111411 m3kcaohckiiot jaJiiK ce oAJiHKysa co OAA^THH OCOÖeHOCTH KOH He Ce CpeK3B33T BO ApyrHTe CJTOBeHCKH J33HH11, Ha npiiMcp: - Tperrocjio>KHHOT 3KH,eHT: eodému^a, ßodehttU{aüla: - HacTaBKaTa -uit,a Kaj HMeHKHTe oa cpeAen poA iiito jaBpinyBaaT Ha -e: CiiiAuiba; - TpOJHHOT HJICH Kaj HMeHCKHTC CJ)OpMH: HOOCKOÜi, HOGCKOß, H06e- koh; - hct ocHOBeH BOK3JI K3J CHTe rji3rojiii bo npBO jinne cahhhs cerauiHo BpeMe: žAed-a-M, noc-a-M, jad-a-M: - rjiarojTCKH KoncTpyKn,HH co uMa/neMü h rjiarojicKS npHAaBKa bo cpeAeH poA (umom dojdeno) h Apyrn. npHBeAyßaMe npuMepn Ha 3ÖopoBH oa ApyrHTe cjiOBenckii ja3Hipí kou ce pa3JTHKyBaaT oa cooABeTHHTe m3kcaohckh JöopoBH nopaAH HCTOpHCKH npOMeHH BO H3rOBOpOT: 44 OniiíTA ľP A MATU K A HA M A KI(,() IICKHOT JA3MK 6yrapCKM: CT>H ACH pi^Ka IIBHT hotu M OK A H cpncKH: caH flaH pyKa IIB6T h oh m e r) a XpBaTCKH: san dan ruka, cvijet noé meda CJIOBCHCHKIi: sen den roka cvet noč meja pycKu: COH AeHb pyKa IIBCTOK HOHb MC>Ka ôenopycKH: COH len pyxa IIBCT HO H b MOKa yKpaMHCKH: COH AeH pyxa III>BÍT HÍH Me»ía nojicKH: sen dzien reka kwiat noc miedza HeinKn: sen den ruka kvetiny noc mez CJTOBaiTKH: sen den ruka kvetina noc medza ropHOJiy>KHMKH: sen dzen ruka kwet noc mjaza flOJIHO JiyUCHMKH: sen dzen ruka kwet noc mjeza npeBOAHTe Ha tckctot Ha One nam bo pasjiHMHH cjiobchckh ja ni 11,11, hcto TaKa, (bo HayKaxa 3a ja3HKOT) npeTCTaByBa ochobch npiiMep 3a cnopefl6a Ha ja3HiiHTe bo cbctot. CnopeAH: MaKedoHCKii: Oie Ham, koj ch Ha Hc6ecaxa, /ia ce cbcth hmcto tboc; Aa flojpe napcTBOTO tboc; Aa ÔHAe Bojijara TBOja, icaKO Ha He6orro, TaKa n Ha aeMJaTa; JieňoT nani iiacytneH Aaj hh ro ACHec h npocTH hh m AOJiroBHTe HaníH, KaKO iiito hm ra npoujTeBaMe h Hne Ha HaníHTe aoji>khhhh; h He BO BO A H Ilé BO HCKyilieHMC, HO H3ÔaBH flé OA JiyKaBMOT. EyzapcKit: Orné nam, kohto ch Ha HeÔeca'ra, Aa cc cbcth Tboc to HMe! JJa AOHAe TBoero u,apcTBo, Aa 6-bAe Tboht3 bojih, KaKTO Ha HeôeTo, TaKa m Ha 3e\iHTa. J\avi hh AHec OKeAHCBHHa xjiaô, h npocTH hh A^-nroBCTC, KaKTO H HHe JipOCTHXMe Ha HaUJHTe A^-^^HHHH, H He HH BT.BOKAH B H3KymeHHe, ho H36aBH hh ot jiyKaBHH. Cpucicu: Owe Ham kojh ch Ha HeôecHMa, Aa ce cbcth HMe tbojc. Jla Aor>e napcTBO TBoje, Aa ôyfle BOJba TBoja h Ha 3eMJbH Kao Ha Heôy; xjieô nam noTpeÔHH Aaj HaM AaHac; h onpocTH HaM AyroBe Hame Kao h mh iiito onpaíHTaMO Ay>KHHHHMa cbojhjcm; h He HaBeAH Hac y nanacT; ho juCkibh Hac oa 3Jia. XpoaiucKu: Oče naš, koj i jesi na nebesima! Sveti se ime tvoje! Dodi kraljevstvo tvoje! Budi volja tvoja kako na nebu tako i na zemlji! Kruh naš svagdanji daj nam danas! I otpusti nam duge naše, kako i mi otpušlamo dužnicima svojim! I ne uvedi nas u napast i izbavi nas od zla! HCTOPHCKM PA3BMTOKHA MAKE^OHCKMOT JA3MK 45 PycKu: Orlie Ham, vdk& ecu Ha Heóecex! J3,a cbhthtcíi h m si TBoe, #a npn^eT uapcTBHe Tsoe, na 6y,qeT bojisi tboíi, hko Ha He6ecH h Ha seMjra, xne6 Haní Hacyiirmiři }\íva<.j\ hslm jmec h ocxaBH HäM íjourn Hama, sKo>Ke h Mbl OCTaBJÍHeM AOJliKHHKOM HailiHM. M HC BBCJHl H3C B HCKyilICHHC, HO H30aBM Hac ofl jiyKaBoro. YKpauHCKu: Ox^e Ham, ujo Ha He6n, Hexai cbmthtch hmh tboc Hexai npni;ie uapcTBO TBoe. Hexai ôyae bojiíi tboh, íik Ha He5n Ta k h Ha 3eMJiH. Xjií6 Ham m,oAeHHH flai HaM coxoahmh. M npocTH HaM jiobxh Hanin, hk h mm npoHiaeMO flOBXHHKaM HauiHM. M He BBeflH Hac ý cnoKyey, a naôaBH Hac ot jiyKaBoxo. Eo TBoe ecr írapcTBO i CMJia i cjiaBa no BMKy. Bejiopyctcu: Oina naui, KaTopn ein y Heôe: CB5m,Hca hm.h TBae. ripÍA3H Bajtaj^apcTBa TBae. Bya,3 bojih TBaa, hk Ha HeGe TaK h Ha 35imh. Xjieóa Hauiara moflseHHara HaM hí. M aflnymH HaM rpaxn Hanin, íikhmm a^rryinaeM BHHOBan-iM naiUHM. M hí yBOH3 nac ý cnaKycy, a;ie 36aý Hac ojx 3Jiora. TBae 60 ein, Bajra^apcTBa h cnjia h cjiaBa Ha bckh bcmhh. IJojicku: Ojcze nasz, ktorys jest w niebie, swiec sie Imie Twoje przyjdz królestwo Twoje; badzwola Twoja, jako w niebie, tak i naziemi. Chleba naszego powszdniego daj nam dzišiaj; I odpušc nam nasze winy, jako i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcóm; I nie vvódz nas na pokuszenie, ale nas zbaw ode zlego. *JeiUKu: Otče naš, který jsi na nebesích, posvět se jméno Tvě, přid1 království Tvě, buď vůle Tva jako v nebi, tak i na zemi. Chleb náš vezdejší dej nám dnes a odpusť nám viny naše, jakož i my odpouŠtame vinníkům našim, i neuvoď nás v pokušeni, ale zbav nás od zlého. CjioeaHKii: Otče naš, ktorý si na nebesách, posväť sa meno Tvoje, príď královstvo Tvoje, bud' vo ľa Tvoja ako v nebi, tak i na zemi. Chlieb náš každodenný daj nam dnes, a odpusť nam naše viny, ako i my odpúštame svojim vinníkom a neuvoď nas do pokušenia, ale zbav nás zlého. KamyucKu: Wójce nasz, chteri j es v njebj esech, svjece se jimje twoje. Przindze kro les t wo twoje. Bedze wolo twoja, jak v njebj e tak na zemji. Chléva naszeho povszedneho daj nom dzis. A wódpusce nom nasze vjine, jak e me wódpuszczome naszim vjinovajcom. A njewdze nas na pokuszenje, ale nas zbavji wode zlého. ropnojiyMUHKu: Wótče naš, kiž sy w njebjesach, swjecene budž twoje rojeno; přiiidž k nam twoje kralestwo; twoja wola so stan, jako na njebju, tak tež na zemi. Naš wšedny khlěb daj nam džens a wodaj nam naše wini, jako tež my wodawamy našim winikami; a njewjedž nas do spytowanja, ale wumóž nas wot zlého. 46 Of! «ITA fP A M ATM K A HA MAKI'iflOHCKWOT JA3MK JJojiNOJiyjfciiHKii: Wósc naš, kenž sy na njebju, huswěšone buži twójo mě; psiz k nam ivvójo kralejstwo; twója wóla se staň, ako na njebju, tak tež na zemi. Naš wščdny klčb daj nam žins a wodaj nam naše winy, ako my wodawamy našym winikam; a njewjez nas do spytowanja, ale humóž nas wót zíeho. IJo.iaiicKuoiU jasuK He öhji miCMCHo apHKcmpaH. ripeBonpT Ha One nam ro ffaSBMe bo cjxmeTCKa rpaHCKpHiinnja: Nos fader, ta tai jis va nebisai, sjota varda tuji jaima. Tuja rik koma. Tuja vila sinot. kok va nebisai, tok kak no zime. Nosej vesedanesna st aibe doj-nam dans. Un vitedoj-nam nos gre.v, kak moi vitedojime nosem gresnarum. Un ni brind oj nos ka farsukone, tai lozoj nos vit vesokag .vaudag. Oboj ja3HK öhjt non, H3pa3HTo repMancKO BJiHJanHe. OöHflii ce na npeno3Haem neKoj rcpMaHH3aM bo tckctot! EjiHCKOCra Meŕy cnoBeHCKMTe ja3Hu,M Mo^e na ÖHne npHwiiHa h 3a Hepa3ÖnpaFhe bo MeryceönoTO oniiiTen.e. Taxa, hckoh 36opoBH koh bo m a k enp h c k n o t HMaaT cnno 3naqeiBe, bo npyrn ja3HUjH HMaax npyro. TaKa. epeden na oyrapcKii 3HaMii mmemen, oÔuhom - cüküm, äoneuien - üoKiiJie Ha HapOAHxe co nocTapa KyjiTypHa h nucMeHa TpaflHrjHJa Ha cboj ja3iiK (EßpeHTe, TpnHTe, PfiMJaHHTe h n,pyrn), rn nocTHrnajie hhbhhtc BpenHocTH h pa3BHJie CBOja opurHHajTHa /mivpa lypa. JajHKOT Ha cjioBeHCKara hhcmchoct ce HapeKyBaji cjiobchckh (lA^biKii CAOB^NbCKi>), a bo HayKaTa e noinaT non hmcto crnpoc. umr-mcku jiOiiK. Toj Haoŕa CBOja nHCMeHa ynoTpeöa Kaj cure cjiobchckh HaponH, bo noMeTOKOT Kaj ianarnnľľe, bo oöjiaera Mopannja, Kaj jy>KHHTe, bo Byrapnja (bo ripecjiaBCKHOT neiiTap) h bo MaKenomija (bo OxpHncKHOT ucHTap) 3a noToa na ce paunipn hh:í npyniTe jyxHocjioiieHCKH jc.mjh (CpÖHJa, BocHa, XpBaTCKa, CjioBeHHJa) h Kaj hctohhhtc Cjiobchh (bo KHeBcxa Pycnja). Bo noneroKOT crapocJiOBeHCKUOTjaíhk HMan orpannuena cj)ynKHHJa. Toj 6hji ja3HK Ha upKOBHHTe Kinirn h Ha xp m CTHJ a h ck axa 5orocjiy>K6a. HC ľO PMC KU PA3BMTOK HA MAKEHOHCKMOT J A3 H K 47 Ja^HKOT co BaKBa 4)yHKLi,HJa ce HapeKyBa, hcto Taxa, ja3HK Ha KyjiTOT hjih caKpajieH (cbct) ja3HK h co Hero ce npenaBaaT noancTpaKTHH pejiH.rH03HH noHMH h cojnp>KHTiH. Co nojaBaTa na opHnriiajiHH cjtobchckh jiH'repaTypHH flejia CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ja npoiiiHpyBa CBOjaTa cpyHKU,MJa» cTanyna j33HK na JíHTepaTypara. HajrojieMa 3acjiyra 3a nponiHpyßaH>eTO Ha CJ} y H K Lj,M O H a Jl H O CTa Ha CTapOCAOBeHCKHOT JS3HK HMa CBCľH Kjihmčht OxpHflCKH. CjioBeHCKaTa hhcmchoct e 3ae^HHHKa 3a CHTe cjiOBeHCKH HapoAH; ocoöeno e KapaKTepHCTHHHa 3a npanocjiaBHMTe, h ro oncpaxa nepnoROT oji cpejíMnaTa na IX ao KpajoT na XVIII bck. Bo notjtca na iiHCMenaTa aKTHBHocT, Taa onf^aŔa jipa nepHo^a: - cTapocjTOBeHCKH nepHon (on cpep(HHaTa Ha IX ao Kpajor Ha XI bck), - npKOBHOCAOBeHCKH nepHOR (oa noneTOKOľ Ha XII bok ;io Kpajor Ha XVIII bck). OrapocjioBeHCKwoT nepHOA ce KapaKTepH3wpa co ynoTpeöaTa Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK, KaKO HajcTap cjioBeHCKH JíHTepaTypeH ja3HK, enHHCTBeH 3a chtc cjioBeHCKH HapOflH. Bo HayKara, hhcmchmot jaiHK oa oboj nepHOfl ce HapeKyBa ynjTe h crapocjioBeHCKH KaHOH. Toj oÖhmho ce onpeiiejiyBa cnopefl CTaHaapHH3HpaHaTa (HopMHpaHaTa) ynoTpeôa Ha AsaTa epa h h b (jop h jep) h Aßere hocobkh x h a (rojiewaTa HOCOBKa on h Ma;iara HocoBKa KaKO h cnopeA npym ocoÔeiiocTH bo (Jjohcthxa'ra, bo rpaMaiMKaTa h boxtexcHKara. EpoBHTe 6njie rjiacoBH co Monrae KpaxoK H3roBop, a bo H3roBOpOT Ha HocoBKHTe ce cjiyiuaji HOceH npH3ByK. I^pKOBHocjioBeHCKHOT nepHOA ja ont^aica ynoxpeÖaTa Ha cahhctbc-hhot JíHTepaTypeH ja3HK npexy noceÖHH BäpHJaHTH bo ojwejiHHTe cjio- BeHCKH 3CMJH. Co MMeTO ciľtapocjioeeHCKU jasuK ce HarjiacyBa 3HaiieiteTo na HajCTapHOT CJIOBCHCKH JíHTepaTypeH J33HK, Toj HMa H3BOHpeAHO 3HatIĽ]]Je 3a npoynyBaH>e Ha HCTOpiijaTa Ha m3kcaohckhot ja3HK h Ha ApyrHTe CJiOBeHCKH ja3HUH. Be3 no3HaBavt»e Ha ocoGekocTHre Ha CTapo ca o Be h ckh ot ja3HKHe MO^ce A£> cenpoynyBa mctophckhot pasBoj Ha mükcaohckhot ja3HK, KaKO h na ApyrHTe caobchckh ja3huh, Bo HayxaTa KaKO crapocjioBeHCKH ce oncpaKaaT paKonnorre oa IX AO XI Bex, oflHOCHO oa 3anoHHyBaH»eTo Ha MopaBcxaTa MHCHJa ao nOT-naŕaH>eTO Ha MaxeAOHiija hoa b h 3 a h t h c k a BJiacT (1037 voj\.). Tne 4 S OnilITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOTJA3HK npeTCTaByBaaT npeBOA oa rpHKH Ha erapocnoBeHCKH Ha rjiaBHHTC hpkobhh khmth (eBaHrejine, anocTOn, eyxojiornyM, ncajiTHp). Oa BpeivieTo Ha MopaBCKa-ra MHCHJa He ce 3aLiyBaHw oaagjihh paKonncn ('ianyBan e caMO efleH noAonne»ceH McniKO-MopaBCKH paKonHC oa 7 JiHcra, Khcbckh jihctobh, oa BTOpaxa nojioBHna na X bck). HajcTapiiTe 3anyBaHH paKoriHcn Ha CTapocnoBeHCKH ja3HK no-TeKHyBaaT oa MaKeAOHHJa h bo hhb ce OApajeHH ja3HHHU ocoôchocth CBojcTBeHH 3a MaKeAOHCKHTe roBopu oa Toa BpeMe. HaJ3HaMaJHH Meŕy hhb ce 3orpacf)CKOTO eBaHrejine, AceMaHOBOTo eBaHrenHe h MapHwicKOTO eBanrejTHe. Twe ce oHiuyBaun co marojiHna. YnoTpeöaTa Ha rjiarojiHijaTa ce noBp3yBa co AeJHocra na OxpHACKaTa KHn>KeBHa iiiKOJia ocHosaHá oa FÜIHM6HT OxpnACKH. OcBeH co marojiHua. CTapocjioBeHCKMxe paKonucH ce nnuiyBami n co KHpHJiHija. Hajciapinc KupujicKH paKonucii ce noBpjaHH co FlpecjiaBCKaTa KHH»ceBHa uiKOJia bo ByrapHJa. KHpHJiHuaTa, hcto Taxa, noHHyßa Aa ce ynoTpeövßa h bo Ma-KeAOHHJa h nocTeneHO ja HCTHCHyBa marojinnaTa. 3a'iVBanH ianHCH rwiiiyBann bo CTapocnoBencKHOT nepwoA na ABcre nncMa hm a h Ha KaMemi Wimm. 3aiiyBaH HairiHC Ha rjiarojinna HMa Ha CTOJiooBHTe Ha upKBaTa CßeTH HayM. Ha KHpHJmt^a ce HamimaHH CaMy-HJioBaTa njioMa, BapoujKHOT hütiihc, EwTOJicKara n.nona h flpyr«. CTapocjTOBeHCKMOT ja3HK cľanaji npeAMeT na nay wen HHTepec bo XIX BCK. Toj nocjiy>KHJi KaKO ocHOBa 3a eAHa noceÖHa nayKa: cuaBHCTUKa hjth cjioBeHCKa cJ3HJiojiornja. OCHOBHH OCOEEHOCTH HA CTAPOCJTOBEHCKHOT JA3MK OrapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3iiK HMaji nocjTo»:eH c}dohojioiiikh h rpaivia- THMKH CHCTeM OA COBpeMeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK H OA APyrHTe CJIOBeHCKH ja3HU,H. BoKaJIHHOT CHCTeM Ha CTapOCJlOBeHCKHOT ja3HK ÖMJ1 COCTaBeH OA eAHHaeceT caMorjTacKH. OcBen neTTe caMorjiacKH ujto th HMa bo coBpe-MeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK (a, e, u, o, y) HMaji yui're ujecT Apyrn KapaxTe-pucTHHHH caMorjiacKH: H CTO P M CK M PA3BHTOK HA MAKHAOHCKHOTJA3HK 49 Hiwe 3HÜK M3roi«>p jar t iirapoKOe jepH 'hl cpe^Ho u rojieMa HocoBKa 0 CO HOCOB npn3ByK Mana HocoBKa A e CO HOCOB npiliBVK J°P h rrojiycaMorjiacKa Meŕy o u y jep b nonycaMorjiacKa Meŕy e h u CorjiacKHTe ui, m, s, y, h ce H3roBapajie Mexo, a c, 3, h, p, a o5pa3yBajie juíoJKH no MeKOCT co coojjBeTHH MCKM coniacKM, Ha npHMep h : h'. CTapOCJlOBeHCKHOT J33HK HM3J1 KapaKTepHCTHMHa CTpVKTYpa IIM cjiorOT: CHTe cjioroBH ôwjie OTBopeHH - 3aBpmyBajie Ha caMor/iacKa. PpaMaTHHKHOT cHCTeM na CTapocjioBeiicKHOT ja3HK 3HaHHTejiiio ce pa3JlHKVBaJl OJ\ CHCTeMOT Ha COBpeMeHHOT MaKČAOHCKH ja3HK cnopeA öpojoT Ha dpopMHTc. Co oBaa c bo j a ocoöchoct crapoonoBeHCKHOT He ce pa3JiHKyBaJi MHory OA npacjiOBeHCKHOT, KaiopMHTe ocoôeno e KapaKTepHCTHMHa 3a HMeHCKHTe 30opoBH Kaj KOH ce pa3JiHKyBajie noceÖHH naAOKim cjiopMH. FIoa noHMOT üadeM bo rpaMaxHKaTa ce noApa30npaaT noceÔHH (JDopMH Ha HMeucKMTe 3ÔopoBH co KOH ce nOKaacyBa HHBHHOT OAHoc cnpeMa ApyrHTe 35opoBH bo peHeHHiurra. CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja'iHK pa3jTHKyBajr CCAyM naAOKH (HOMHHaTHB, reiIHTHB, ASTHB, aKy3aTHB, BOKäTHB, KHCTpy- MCHTaji h jioKaTHB) co KOH ce HCKa>KyBajie pä3JiHHHH OAHOCH bo peneHHuaTa. OcBeH eAHHHa h MHoxHHa, CTapocjioBeHCKHOT jaíWK HMaji noceOiui c|30pMH 3a ABOHHa H Kaj HMeHCKHTC 3ÖOpOBH H Kaj TJiarOJIOT. HAPOJJHATA (AHJAJTEKTHATA) OCHOBA HA CTAPOCJIOBEHCKHOT.IA3HK KaKO oniuTocjioBeHCKH JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK, CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ce ynoTpeöyßaJi Ha uinpoKa TepHTopHJa Ha cjiobchckhtc 3eMJH (ofl ErejcKO Mope, MaKeAOHHJa, ao BajiTHHKo Mope, h oa MopaBHJa a^> Pycnja). 50 O í IIIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK Tokmv 3aToa, bo HayKaTa He öhjio jiecHo j^a ce yTBpAH Hapo^HaTa ocHOBa Ha CTapoariOBeHCKHOT J33HK. Mměho, K3KO JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK TOJ 6hji HOpMHpaH h CTaH/japAHJHpan h ne 6hji HCT co cBojaTa napoAna ocHOBa. Bp3 OCHOBa Ha H3BOpHTe HM CJTOBCHCKaTa nilCMCHOCT (>K htm j a TU na CB. KHpHJT H CB. MeTOflHJ H Apyrn), KaKO H Bp3 ja3HHHHTe OCOÖeHOCTH 11LI crapocJiOBeHCKHTe cnoMCHHun, bo XIX BeK ce nocTaßeHH HexojiKy Teopnn 3a HapoflHaTa (AHJajieKTHaTa) ocHOBa Ha CTapocuoBencKHOT ja3HK, oa koh Hajno3HaTH ce naHOHCKaTa h MaKc^oHCKaTa Teopnja. üanoHCKaTa Teopnja bo HayKaTa ja noeraBHJi Jepiiej KonHTap. Cnopefl OBaa Teopnja ce npeTnocTaiiyBajio fleica ct a po c;k i b e h e k h ot j a 3 hk HMaji nanoHCKa (oahocho naHOHCKO-MopaBCKa) AHJajieKTim ocHOBa. Co OBaa Teopnja, BcyuiHOCT, ce noconyBa TepHTopnjaTa Ha Koja ce H3BeflyBajia h co Koja e noBpaaHa MopaBCxaTa MHcnja Ha cBeraTe 6paŔa KnpHJl H MCTOAIij. FíaHOHCKaTa Teopnja HMajia npcABHA OAAenun 36opoBH oa JiaTHH- CKHOT H OA repMaHCKHOT ja3HK, KaKO H OAAe^HH 3ÔOpOBH KapaKTepHCTHHHH 3a ja3HKOT Ha naiioncKO-MOpaBCKHTe GnoBenn, ihto ce cpeRaBajie bo HajcTapHTe CTapoonoBeiicKH cnoMeHMHH. He koh oa OBne iÔopoBH h AeHec ce ynorpeöyBaaT bo oaacjihh cjiobchckh ja3HU,H, na h bo MaKeflOHCKiioT. TaKBH ce, Ha npHMep, oi^eilt no3ajMeH oa jibthhckmot, üoü oj\ rep m a hckhot h Apyrn. Oßaa TeopHJa h ro OTCTannna wecroTO Ha noyiiepJinBaTa MaKeAOHCKa Teopnja 3a HapoAnaTa (RffjaJieKTHaTa) ocHOBa Ha HajcTapHOT cjiobchckh JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. AeHec, OBaa -reopnja e onuiTonpHc^aTeHa bo HayKaTa. MaKeAOHCKaTa Teopnja ja nocTaBHJi BaTpocjiaß JaniK, a ja noTBpAHJi h ja AOKa>Kaji HeroBHOT yneHHK BaTpocjiaß OöjiaK. TaTKOBHHaTa Ha noBCKeTO CTapocjioBeHCKH paKonHCH BaTpocjiaß JarnK ja ôapaji TOKMy bo MaicenoHHJa. üotth KHaT oa npoynyBaitaTa na c bo jot ynnTeji 3a MaKeAOHCKaTa AHJajieKTHa ocHOBa Ha CTapocuoBencKHOT jaJHK, BaTpocjiaß OöjiaK npecTojyBaji bo jy>KHa MaKeflOHHJa h rn npoynyBaji roBopHTe Ha cejiaTa oa oKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH. Toj Ha caMHOTTepeH HMaji moíkhoct Aa rn cjiyma iviaKeAOHCKHTe roBopn oa OKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH h a<* ru npenoiHaBa bo HHB ÖHTHHTe ocoOeHOCTH Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT j a 3HK, koh h no AeceT BeKa ce 3anyBaAe bo >khbhot HapoAeH H3roBop. Jy>KHOMaKeAOHCKHTe AHJajieKTH ce oa ocoöeii HUTepec 3a HayKaTa. Tne ce oa peniaBanKO 3HaiieH>e 3a TaTKOBUHara Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK. MCTOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJ,OHCKMOT J A3 M K 51 Be3 bhcthhcko no3HaBan>e Ha jy>KHOMaKen,OHCKHTe flnjajTeKTH, ocoöeHO na AHJajieKTOT koj ce 3Öopyßa bo OKOJiHHaTa Ha CojiyH, He öhjio mo>kho KOHeMHOTO pemaBaibe Ha npaina&eTO 3a Hapojuiara ocnoBa Ha cxapo- CJlOBenCKHOT ja3HK, OcHOBHHTC TJTaCOBHH OCOÖeHOCTH Ha CTapOCJIOBeHCKHTe paKonHCH (pajjiHHeH M'iroBop Ha flBe peflyunpaHH caMorjiacKH cws h ßbNb h HiroBop Ha ABe caMorjiacKH co HoceH npw3ByK p^Kd h ya^u) ce ochobhh ocoöchocth h Ha jyjKHOMaKe^oHCKHTe flHJajieKTH: con h den, poHKCi h neudo. Pa3JiHHHHOT*H3roBop Ha epOBHTe ce npeno3Haßa npexy HHBiiaTa pa3JiHHHa 3aMCHa h (jop) bo o h h (jep) bo e. Oßaa iaMena e KapaKTe-pHCTHHHa pennen 3a uejiaTa MaKeflOHCKa ja'iHHHa TepHTopHJa, na n 3a jy>KHOMaKeflOHCKaTa. Mcto TaKa, bo jy>KHOMaKen,oHCKHrre nHJa.neKTH cě y ture ce nyBa HOCOBHOT H3rOBOp BO 3ÔOpOBH Ofl THHOT: 3(IMÜ, düMÜ, ÜeHÜl, llC!tÔO (cnope/IH bo CTann,apn,HHOT ja3HK: 3ci6, daß, üeiü, nedo). Co jíOKaxyBaH^eTO na MaKejjoHCKaTa Teopwja bo HayxaTa ce 3rojie- MHJ] HHTepeCOT 3a MaKejIOHCKHOT ja3HK. CTAPOCJIOBEHCKM A3BYKH CrapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ce iiiiiuyita i Ha jjBe coceivia pa3JiiiMiiii iľtóyku: i.uii o umu n Kupu.umu. CßeTMTe Öpaxa KnpHji h MeTon,nj cojinflHO th BJiajjeejTe MaKe-AOHCKHTe roBOpH ľúto ce 36opyBane bo OKOJiHHaTa Ha ConyH n coBpujeHo ro 3Haejie H3roBopoT Ha MaKejiOHCKHTe macoBH. Toa My OB03Moxn.no Ha CBeTH KHpHJi Ha cocTaBH a3ÓyKa cnopea upiiHiiiinoT 3a ceKoj rjiac (cjxweMa) fla ojuxmapa noceöna ÖyxBa. Cnopen, H3roBopoT Ha MaKejioHCKHTe rjiacoBH CBeTH Knpnji rn H3ABOHJ1 coo/iBeTHHTe c^oiieMH, na cocraBHJi a3ÖyKa on, 38 6yKBH. CeKoja öyKBa HMajia cBoe MMe, Koe 3anoHHyBajio co rjiacoT ihto ce 03HaMyBaji co Hea. HMHHbaTa Ha 6yKBHrre ynarryBaaT Ha 36opoBH ofl KyjrrypHaTa c$epa Ha onuľreH>e, na h Ha ocHOBHäTa c^ymcnnja Ha cTapocjioBeHCKHOT Kaico ja3HK Ha 6orocjry>K6aTa. Ocnen rJiacoBHa BpennocT, öyKBHTe HMajie h opojná BpejIÍIOCT. A3ÔyKara uito ja cociaiuiji CBeTH Knpnji bo nayKaxa e no3Harra non, MMeTo rjiarojiHiia. 52 OmUTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEJIOHCKHOT JA3HK YnoTpeöaTa Ha rjiarojinuaTa ce noBp3VBa co MaKeAOHHJa. Co Toa cjioBeHCKaxa nHCMeHoer bo MaKeflOHHJa ce noBpjyBa co jinpeKTHHTe yne-HHiiH na cBeTHTe KwpHji h MeTOflHJ h co HHBHaTa AeJHOCT bo MopaBHja. TjiarojiHuaTa ce CMeTa 3a opHrHHajino nwcMO, h cnopeA nanpTHTe Ha ôyKBHTe h cnopeA cocTaBOT: - HaKO noKa>Kyßa cjihmhoctm, cnopeA HaupTHTe Ha öyKBHxe Taa ÖMTHO ce pa3JiHKyBa h oa rpHKOTO h ofl ApyrHTe nocxapn niicMa, ocoGeno cnopeA Hau,pxHxe 3a KapaKxepHCTHMHxe MaKejjoHCKH macoBH; - cnopeA cocTaBOT Ha 6yKBHxe rjiarojinuaTa ÖHJia nonpeiiH3Ha jiypw h OA rpwKOXo nncMO 3aiuxo iioAOcneAHo 6hji npHMeHex npHHunnox rjiac-6yKBa. {HayKaxa 3a nHCMOxo 3a opHrHiiajn-iH h 3a caMOCTOJHH rn civiexa CHTe a30yKH bo koh flocjie^Ho ce npHMeHyBa oahocot efleH rjiac - e^Ha GyKBa). OcBeH rjiaro-nniiaTa, h KiipmiHuaxa e HacTaHaxa bo cxapocnoBeH-CKHox nepHOA, ho ce CMeTa 3a MajiKy iioaohhokho nHCMO. 3a pa iJinKa oa rjiarojinuaTa, HMa noBeice 6yKBH - 44. Taa e noôjiHCKa ao rpMKOTO iihcmo cnopcA HaupxHxe Ha ôyKBHxe 3a hcxh rjiacoBH: a - a, ß - k, (ajicj^a - a, BHxa - e) h cnopeA osHanyBaH^exo Ha öpoJHaxa BpeAHOCx. CnopcA HanpxHxe Ha ßyKBwxe 3a KapaKxepncxHHHHxe cjtobchckh macoBH, Taa ce noxnnpa Bps niarojiHi;axa (in - uj). Ynoxpeöaxa na KMpHjiHiuxTa bo oboj nepnoA e ocoöenocT, npeA cě, na nwcMeHocTa bo npecnaBCKaTa tawaceBHa uiKOJia bo Eyrapwja h ce oöjacHyßa co chjihoto BW3aHTHCKo BJiHJaHHe Bp3 öyrapcKHOT Aßop. Bo MafíeAOHHJa KHpHJiHLuaTa nopexKO ce ynoxpeoyBajia. ^Bere nwcvia 6njie cJdohojioujkh h peajiHO ro OApaiyBajie íkhbhot HaroBop Ha rjiacoBHTe. Pa3JiHKaTa bo öpojoT Ha 6yKBHTe ce aoji>kh Ha ynoTpeÖaTa Ha 3HaiiH iiito 03HanyBaax ABa rjiaca bo KHpHJiHinxra ra, le, H) (jen, Jon, ja, je, jy) h Ha ynoxpeÖaTa Ha 3Hatni 3a nnacoBH iiito ne 6hjic cBOJCTBeHH 3a CTapocjioBeHCKHOT ja3HK, a ce ynoTpeöyßajie hcto bo KHpwjTHiiaTa bo 3ÖopoBM Hpe3eMeHH OA rpHKHOT ja3HK: \\j (ncn), £, (kch). IlpeTiioHHTaifeeTO na niarojinnaTa bo OxpiiACKara KHHXceBHa uiKOJia h na KiipHJiiiuaTa bo flpecjiancKaTa e 6nTna pa3JiiiKyBaiiKa ocoöenocT na cxapoc;ioBenťKaTa iimcmchoct bo MaKeAOHHJa m bo Ryrapnja yiiire Ha catvurre iiomc iohh na ciOBeHCKara inicMenoc i. MCrOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3HK 53 CPEJJHOBEKOBHH KHH5KEBHH IIIKOJTH BOMAKEAOHMJA Iiofl cpe^HoneKOBHa KHH>KeBHa tUKOjra ce noApasÖHpa nooöeMHa h noflonroTpaJHa KHiCKeBHa acjhoct co 3aeflHHMKn ja3HHHH h npaßomiCHH ocoöeHOCTH Ha oflpefleHa TCpHTOpHJa. Cpe^HoneKORHifOT nepiio^ bo M;iKc*^OHHJa ce KapaKxepii3iipa co AcJHoi la Ha Abc kuH/KuiiiiH iijkojih: OxpiirjCKaTa h KpaTOBCKii i a. OxpHflCKaTa KHH>K£BHa ujKOJTa pa3BHJia öoraTa opHrHHajiHa h npenHiiiyBaHKa KHH5KeBHa ^ejnocT bo nepHOAOT oa BTopaTa nonoBHHa Ha IX BeK AO cpeAHHaTa Ha XIV BeK Ha noiiinpoKa TepwTopHJa bo jyro3anaAHa MaKCAOHHJa. Taa e ocoÖeHO aKTHBHa bo caivtHTe noneTonn Ha cjioBeHCKaTa nHCMenocT bo MaKeAOHHJa npeKy upocBeTHTejicKaTa agjhoct Ha hcJ3hhhot ocHOBan h HaJMCTaKHaT npeTCTa bhhk, cbcth Kjihmcht OxpwACKH n Hero-is hot CAeAÖeHHK, CBeTM HayM OxpHACKH, KaKO h 3a BpeMe Ha CaMyHJiosoTO napcTBO. Cbcth Kjihmcht OxpHACKH c ocnoeonojioauiHK na cjiOBCiiCKaTa HHCMCHOCT h Kyjixypa bo MaKeAOHHJa. TepHTopHJaTa Ha Koja AejcTByBajra OxpwACKaTa iuKOJia ce noKJTonyBa co enncKoncKaTa oÖJiacT na cbcth KjTHMeHT OxpHACKH (Ha noiiiHpoKa TepHTopHJa bo jyro3anaAHa h neHTpajraa MaKeAOHHJa), no3HaTa bo HayKaTa noA HMeTO KyTMH^ieBHija, a paKonwcHTe oa OBaa iiiKOJia coAP^aT J33hilihh ocoöenocTH oa 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKHTe roBopH. Hajno3HaTH Meŕy hhb ce AoôpoMHpoBOTO eBanrejine, Bojiohckhot ncajmip, Oxphackhot anocTOji, Bhtojtckhot TpHOA, MaKeAOHCKOTO eBaiirejine Ha non JoBan h Apyrn. Oßaa LUKOjia ß,ajia 3HaviaeH npHAOHec bo oäbopMyBahbCTo Ha HapOAHHOT, Ha KyJTTypHHOT H Ha ja3HHHH0T HAeHTHTeT Ha MaKeAOHIJHTe. HaJBaacHH ocoöeHOCTH Ha OxpwACKaxa KHH>KeBHa niKOJia ce 3aßp;«y-B3H>eT0 na rjrarojíHnaTa KaKO eAHHCTBeHo nncMo, npeA cě, bo cTapocnoBeH-ckhot nepnoA h AOCJieAHO npoaojr^yBai^e Ha KHpHjro-MeTOAHeBCKaTa TpaAHnHJa. 3aAp>Kyßan»eTo Ha rjiarojiHijaTa e ocoöeHOCT Ha CTapocjioBeHCKHOT nepnoA. rioBpiaHocTa Ha CTapocjioBencKHTe paKonncn co MaKeAOHHJa h co A^JHocTa Ha OxpHACKaTa iuKOJia ocoöeno e Hanracena bo AceManoBOTO eBaHrejine. Oboj paKomíccoap>kh KajieHAapco HMHtbara Ha cecjioBeHCKMre CBeTHTeAH KnpHJi h MeTOAHJ h Ha cbcth Kjihmcht OxpHACKH. 54 OniUTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3HK ^ocnennoTo npoAojmynaike Ha KHpHJio-MeTonneBCKaTa Ťpäjpnpja ocBen bo CTapocjioseHCKHOT nepnofl e ocoôeHocT h Ha MaKe^oncKaTa BSplíjaHTa Ha U,pK0BHOCJTOBeHCKHOT ja3HK. KpaTOBCKara pa3BHJia QoraTa npocBeTHTejicKa h npenHinynaMKa AeJHOCT bo nepnoflOT ofl XII na cě ao XVIII bck bo noBeite cpeAHOBeKOBHH u,cHTpM h MaHäCTHpn bo ceBepHa n bo HcT0ima MaKenoHHJa {oKOJiy rpaflOBHTe KpaTOBo, 3jieT0B0 h KpHBa ľlajiaHKa, ocoôeHo bo Jicchobckhot MBHECTHp, BO OcOľOBCKHOT, BO KapnHHCKHOT, BO M a H a CT H p Ol1 CbCTH npoxop IThhhckh, bo MaHacTHpoT bo MaTejne h npyrn). HeJ3HHaTa khh->K6BHa fleJHocT e noTKpeneHa h co 3Ha^aJHO yiiecTBO Ha c^eyAajiHHTe rocno-ŕtapH oň Toj Kpaj. Taa ce Ha;u>Bp3a;ia Ha TpaAHH,HHTe Ha OxpHncKaTa KHH^íeBHa ujKOJia h npiiHOHecjia 3a 0flp)*íyBaH>eT0 Ha HapoAHHOT, Ha KyjiTypHHOT h Ha ja3HHHHOT HneHTHTCT na MaKeňOHLi,HTe bo ycjioBH Ha Tyŕa (BinaHTHCKa, ôyrapcKa, cpncKa, rypcKa) BJiacT. Kaj npenHiiiyBaMHTe oa KpaxoBCKaTa KHHíKeBHa iiiKOJia nocTocna ja3HiíHa CBecT 3a noHHTVBaihc h 3a ynOTpeöa na ocoöchocthtc or Oxpwjí-CKa'ia KHHMíeBHa iuKOJia. Tne, hcto TaKa, cnoHTaHO BHecyBajie JasHHHH ocoÖeHOCTH oji ceisepHHTe h oa HCTOHHHTe MaKenoHCKH rOBOpH. Hajno3HaTH paKonncH oa oBaa uiKOJia ce BpaHeniHHHKHOT anocTOJT, PaAQMHpOBOTO eBaHrexine, JlecHOBCKHOT napeHe3iic, KapiiHHCKOTo eBanrejiHe h npyrn. PaKonHCHTe oaOxpHActcaTa h oa KpaiOBCKara uiKOJia cecoBnaŕaaT eAHH co ApyrH cnopeA noBCŔe npaBoriHCHH n jasHHHH ocoÖenocTH. 3aeAiiHHKiiTe npaBoniicnn u jaiimnii ocoGeiiocm na paKOiiiicirre o a OxpHACKaxa h oa KpaTOBCKaxa KnmKciina miio/ia ja npeix laiiviiaat MaKCToHCKina itapujaina Ha hpkobhocjiobchckhot jatiiK. MAKEflOHCKATA BAPHJAHTA HA qPKOBHOCJTOBEHCKHOT JA3HK FIoa BapnjaHTa Ha iipKOBHOCJiOBeHCKHOT ja3HK ce noApa36Hpa ynoTpeöaTa na KapaKTepHCTHHHH npaBonncHH n ja3wiiHH ocoöeHOCTH bo paKonHCHTe nnmvBaHH Ha 3aeAHHiiKH0T cjiobchckh jíHTepaTypeH jaiHK Ha OApeA^Ha repiiTopHJa. OßHe ocoôchocth öiiJie OApa3 Ha HapoAHHOT ja3HK na OHinyBaMOT h nocTeneno ce 3anBpcTyBajie bo npenHiuyBaHKaxa iipaKTHKa. HaKO ce MajiyGpoJHw, Tlie npHAOHecyBaaT 3a iipenH3H0 pa3jra-KysaHbe Ha inpKOBHOcjioBeHCKHTe paKonncn cnopeA HapoAHara cpeAHHa bo Koja ce HacTaHaTH. H CľOF H CK M P A li B H TO K HA MA KEAOHCKM OT JA3HK 55 MaKenoHCKaTa BapujaHTa na upkobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK cc OAJiHKyBa co peAHua npeno3iia ivimbw h jiecHO 3a6ejiexjiHBH npaBonncHH h ja3HMHn ocoöeHocTH co Kon ÖHTHO ce pa3JiHKyBa 03; flpyrHTe BapujaHTH Ha u,pKOBHocjiOBeHCKHOT J33HK (neniKo-MOpaBCKaTa, 6yrapcKaTa, pycKaTa, xpBarcKaTa, cpncKaTa h SocaHCKaTa, KaKO h noflouHOKHaTa BiiaiiiKO-MOJinaBCKa) HacTaHara bo Apynrre cjiobchckh HapojjHn cpeflHHH bo koh ce ynoTpeöyBaji hpkobhocjiobchckhot jaiHK KaKO euHHCTBen /iHľepaTypen j a1 i M K. Bo ja3HMeH nomeA, paKomicHTe oa MäKejioHCKaTa BapujaHTa ce HajiOBp3yBaaT na cTapociioBeHCKHTe paKonncHnacTanaTH bo MaKeAOHWJa. OcHOBHa KapaKTepHCTHKa Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha irpKOBHOcjio-BeHCKHOT jä3HK e TpaffHH.HOHajiHOCTa. Taa floaŕa j\o H3pa3, npeA cě, bo nHCMOTO. HaKo ce cnynKJia npoMCHa bo ynOTpeöaTa Ha a36yKaTa, n HaMecTO marojiHuaTa ce Hajio>KHjiaKHpHJinnaTa, bo MaKeAOHCKnre paKonncn jiypn h bo XIII Bex ce cpeŔaBaaT uejín penpBH co rjiarojiHua. IlpuMep aa Toa e Bhtojickhot TpnoA- Bo ja3H'-ieH norjiefl, paKonncnTe oa MaKeAOHCKaTa BapujaHTa ce HaAOBp3yBaaT Ha crapocnoBeHCKHTe paKonncn cnopefl BOKajiH3aHHJaTa Ha epoBHTe, a ce OAAenyßaaT oa hhb cnopeA ynoTpeÖaTa Ha hocobkhtc BoKajiMjaLiHJa Ha epoBHTe e rnacoBHa npoweHa co Koja nouy-caMorjiacKHTe jap h jep bo AafleHii iiojulthh ce 3aMeHyBajre co caMomacKHTe o h e (HaABop oa OBHe no3HHHH, Ha npHMep, peAOBHo na KpajoT Ha 36opoT, epoBHTe ce ryöeJie). Oßaa ocoöeHOCT önjia Oflpa3 Ha >khbhot HapofleH H3rOBOp H e THI1HHHO MaxeAOHCKa. OcHOBiiaTa npaBonuciia KapaKTepHCTHKa na MaKeflOHCKaTa BapujaHTa e noiHara hoa hmcto Mematte na hocobkhtc Hmcho, bo MaiKyBa noceÖHo peryjiHpaH.e Ha hocobkhtc safl MeKHTe corjTacKH. TaKa, 3aA iu, m, ii, % s, kbko h 3aA/ ce mníiyBajia rojTeMa HOCOBKa (x) HaMecTO Majia (a), a 3aA h ', p ', ji ', c 'ce nninyBajia Majia HOCOBKa HaMecTO rojieMa. Toa ce 3a6ejie>KyBa bo npHMepHTe: míatra > wXTBd, yaa,b > Y/Ka,<>, Wk^iiiK*h > h^^iiK'B, rAároAhx > TAdnjAA. Oßaa ocoöeHOCT e OApa3eHa bo >khbhot HapoAeH waroBop Ha 3ÔopOBBTe: jo3UK, jažyjia, juhmch h Apyrn. MaKeAOHCKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha npKOBHOcnoßeHCKMOT J33hk, HCToraKa, ce OA-HHKyBa h co peAwia flpyrH npeno3iiaTjiHBH ocoöenocTH, co koh ce OHJíHKyBaaT MaKeAOHCKHTe paKonncn. Toa 3Hann A^Ka cnopeA npaßo-iiHCHHTe n ja3HMHHTe ocoôeHOCTH jiecHO Mo>Ke Aa ce oTKpne MaKeflOHCKOTO noTeKJio Ha koj 6hjio iipKOBHOcjioBeHCKH paKonnc. 56 OniIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKRflOHCKMOT JA3MK HapoAHojasHMHHTe ejreMeHTH bo cpejjHOBeKOBHHTe MaKe/ioHCKn paKonncH ro noKaxcyBaaT pa3Bojox Ha MaKôROHCKHOT ja3HK. n03MAMAJ] 111 MAKl/lOl ICKH CTlOMEHHUJi X BCK XI Be k XII Be k XIII BeK XIV BeK CaMynjTOBa njiOMa 3orpaobcKo eBanrejiHe AoÖpOMHpOBO cBaHrejine BOJTOHCKH ncajrrnp JleCHOBCKH npojior BapouiKH narn n c MapHHHCKO c na ii renne OxpUflCKH anocTOJi OpÖCACKH TpMOfl JICCHOBCKH napeneiHc Haranc Ha CTOJIÔOBHTC Ha UpKBaTa CßeTM HayM AccManoBO eBaHrejiwe CjieniiencKH anocTOJi ^ewaHCKH ncajiTHp XjiyflOB napHMeJHHK CimajcKB IICajTHTIIp BHTOJICKH TpHOfl, PaflOMlipOBl) eßaHrejine ClIliajCKH eyxojiorayM noroAHHOB ncajiTHp Jl,o6peJHioBO CBaurejiHe BojaHCKH rtajiHMneecT MaKCJtOHCKO eBaiirenne Ha non JoBaH Bhtojickh IiaTÜHC BpaUCHIHHMKM anocTOJi 1. Oöhjih ce jia ro cnopejiHin CTapocnoBeiicKHOT npeßon, na One Hain co iipeBOflOT Ha era ha ap ach mbkcaohckh jasHK (icaKO h co npeBOAure Ha ApyrwTe cjtobchckh jasnirn): QVE Ndllľb H>KE ÉCI Nd NRCI • fr& CTITT> CA UMA TBOÉ. Ad nplA,ETh l|fíCTBO TBOé. Ad B^AET RflAŤi TRÍľb*. tiKO Hú MlTci H Md ^EMI. ^ARKb Mdlili, NdE*J|ihlľhl A^>KAb NdlUľb ABNEC- H UCTdBH NdM AA'bľ'bl NdllIA • liliu H UCTdBAtEMb AAT>>KhNHKOMTj HdlIIHMb • H NE BbREAl NdCb B"b HCKOyilJENHE ■ N'b H^RdRI ITbH (») AXKďBjtdro. (AccMaHOBO eBaHreriHe, MaTej 6,9) HCrOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEJJ.OHCKMOT JA3HK 57 Kon CTapocjiOBCHCKH 36opOBM jiecHo MOüKeni jor,a rií npeno3HaeiJj? Koh 36opoBW ra HCNta bo MaKe^OHCKHOT, a rn hm a bo ApyrHTe CJIOBCHCKH ja3HH,H? 2. Aa/ieiiH ce He kojí Ky cTapocjiOBCHCKH 30opOBH h hh r i i hot ripeno/i Ha coBpeMeH MaKe^oHCKH ja3HK. Oôhah ce jj;a ja o6jacHHHi pa3JiHKarra bo hhbhoto 3HaHeH>e: 6A4rb - Aoöap, ro/\HNd - qac, RpaNB - boj Ha, npaniNo -xpana, /\pb>KaRa - CHjia, BjiacT. 3. Koja THTyjia ja HMa cbcth Kjihmcht h co koj cßeTeii, ce noBp3yßa HeroBOTO HMe bo KajieHAapoT Ha KpajoT ofl AceMaHOBOTO eßanrejine: y'BCAUd HKJAIIŤj UM CBATdrt) n^HTEAEHURHíl MXYEtRIKa H CBATdľO CBATHTEA'B UŤť|d NaUJEl'O KAHMENTd EľlHCKOna BEAHYCKai'(). (BHHM3Baj: H>K e opoj.) 4. KaKo ce npeTCTaßeHH CBeTHTe KHpHJi h MeTojiHJ (koh THTyjiH rn HMaaT) bo KajieH/íapoT na AceMaHOBOTO eBaHrejine: a. yhcALja Tom ľ cBATaani oua NaujEio KbipHAa (pHAocucpa-; 6. h naMATh nychriENH nplwhCNaarn ona NaniEru METOA,na■ ^p^HEiiucKona B'hmiH'MA MopaB'MH • fjpaTa npt>noAOBNaro KlíipHAa CpHAÜCOCpa. 5. KaKO e jjoöhch 3ÖopOT a36ytca, a KaKO 30opoT aôencôa? 6. Koja peneHHua ce cocTaBVBa aKO ce noBp3aT HMHH>aTa Ha npBHTe neT 6yKBH bo crapocjioBeHCKaTa a3ÔyKa (a^b - jac, boyK'bi - 6yKBa, KHura, B'BA/bi - 3Hae, lAaioAH - 3Öopyßa, Ka>KVBa), a Koja aKO ce noBp3aT HMHH>aTa Ha ôyKBHTe k, a, m h Ha öyKBHTe p, c, i? 7. Cnopeíui ro 3ÔopOT BoyK-bi co aHrjiHCKHOT hjih co repMaHCKHOT 3f)op 3a KHUŽa. IIIto 3a6ejie>KyBaiH? MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3MK OR XIV J\0 XVIII BEK Bo HCTopHJaTa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOTja3HK ce HiMejiyBaaT/iBa nepHOAa: -cľapoMaKeAOHCKH (oa IX ao XVIII bck) h - HOBOMaKCAOHCKH (OA XIX bck HaBaMy). CTapoMaKeAOHCKHOT nepnoA ce oAJTHKyBa co ynoTpeöa'ra Ha CrapOCJIOBeHCKMOT J33HK (OflIX AO XI Be K) H Ha HpKOBHOCJ10BeHCKHOTJa3HK (oaXII ao XVIII bck). OepHOAOT OA XII ao XVIII BeK bo ja3HlieH norjieA npeTCTaByBa u,e-jiHHa npeKy Koja MO>Ke HayiHo /ja ce cjieAH pa3BOJOT Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT j a j h k. 58 OnillTA rPAMATWKA HA MAKF./JOHCKMOT JA3HK HMeHO, on XIT j\o XIÍI/XIV BeK npOAOJiacVBa CTapHOT THn Ha Maice-Aohckhot ja3HK KapaKTepiicTHMeH 3a CTapocjTOBe He k h OT iicpno/i h npucyiCH bo MaKe^oHCKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha hpkobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK Kaxo OApaj Ha cocTOJöaTa bo napoflHHOT ja3HK. MeryToa, oa XIV ao XVI BeK Beke hcjiocho ce oabopMVBa coBpe- MeHHOT TMU Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT jaiHK peHHCH BO CHTe MaKCAOHCKM roBopti. Oboj thh K3KOo^pa3 na naponHMOTja3HKce 3anBpcryBa bo MaKenoncKara ja3HHHa npaKTHKa oa XVI ao XVIII BeK h npeTcraBVBa AOÖpa ocHOBa 3a ocJDopMyBaH^e Ha coBpeMeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH JiHTepa-rypeH (cTaHflapfleH) ja3HK. Oa XIV ao XVIII BeK ce ocJjopiwyBa h ce 3auBpcTyBa cobpcmchhot Tiin Ha MaKeAOHCKMOT jajHK. OqbopMyBaH^eTo na coBpeMeHHOT ran na MaKeflOHCKHOT jaiHK h HeroBOTO 3au,BpcTyBaH>e oa XVI ao XVIII BeK ro cneAHMe npeKy: UpOMenU GO U3ŽOGOpOUÍ - ynpocTyßaibc Ha BOKajiHHOT chctcm (bo noBeŔeTO MaKeßoiiCKH roBopH öpojoT Ha caMorjiacKHTe oa 11 nocTeneno ce naManyna Ha 5); - 3au,BpcTyBaH>e Ha oahocot no 3ByMHocT Kaj corjTacKMTe; - HaJioaKVBaibe Ha TpeTOCJio>KeH aKneHT. fJpoMemi ao ipaMaüiuKaiüa - ynpocryBaH.e Ha rpaMaTMHKaTa crpyK'rypa Ha MaKeAOHCKMOT ja3HK, npn luto CTapHOT HaHHH Ha HCKa>KVBaH>e Ha rpaMaTHHKHTe oahoch co noMouj Ha naAe*:H nocTeneHo ce 3aMeHyBa co hob naHHH Ha HCKa>Ky-Ban>e co noMom h a npeAJT03H. TIpoMeuu no 3Ôopoo6~pa3yoatbeMO, ao pemuiKoäi u ao (f)pa3eojiožujaiua -3acHJieHa ynoTpeÖa Ha npoAVKTHBHM 3öopoo6pa3yBaiiKn moacjth KapaKTCpHCTHHHH 3a HapOAHHOT ja3HK (HaMeCTO CTapOCJTOBeHCKHTe MOAejin); - ynoTpeöa Ha 3öopoBn h qbpa3eojiorHJMH oa 3aeAHHHKara öaji-KancKa jieKCHKa h cJ3pa3eojiorHJa. MAKEAOHCKMOT JA3HK KAKO BAJIKAHCKH JA3MK Bo ciiojoT HCTOpMCKH pajBMTOK ja3HH,HTe uiTO ce 36opyßaax BO HeiiocpeAHa 6jiH3HHa ce h3jio>kchh Ha MeryceÖHH Aoinipn n BJiHJaHHJa. MCTOPMCKM PA3BMTOK HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3MK 59 MaKeiíOHCKHOT ja3HK ce söapym bo HenocpeflHa 6jiH3HHa co jxpymre jaamp iHTo ce 30opyBaaT Ha BajucaHCKHOT nojiyocTpos: - CO rpHKHOT; - co apoMaHCKHOT, co MerjieHopoMaHCKHOT; - co ajiöaHCKHOT; - co öyrapcKHOT n co cpncKHOT, o^hocho co HeroBHTe jyroiíCTOHHH roBopH. MaKO npunaraaT Ha pa3JiHHHH noflrpynn HB HHAoeBponCKOTO ja3HHHO ceMejcTBO, OBHe ja3Hi;H riOKaacyBaaT noBexe MeryceÖHH coBiiaŕaH>a, HaJMHory bo cTpyxTypaTa Ha peneHHnaTa h bo penHHKOT, a bo noMajia Mepa h bo H3roBOpOT Ha rjiacoBHTe. MaKCflOHCKHOT h ApyrHTe öajiKaHCKH ja3MU,H, hcto Taxa, pa3BHJie noBeŔe 3ae/j(HHiiKH up™ boflonnp co TypcKHOT jaiHK, co ornej\ na neroBOTO noBeŔeBeKOBHo npHcycTBO Ha BajiKaHCKiioT IlojiyocTpoB. Oßa e ocoöeHO H3pa3CHO BO 3ÖOpOBHHOT COCTaB. Toa ce aojijkh na MefyceÖHOTo oniirreifae Ha 30opyBaMHTe na OBHe ja3Hin-i bo MHH3TOTO, npefl ce, Ha jjHJajieKTHO paMHHiiiTe. TaKa, Ha npHMep, apoMaHCKHOT h MerjieHopoMancKHOT oncTojyBaaT caMO bo roBopeHa 4)optvia. Mmcho, MeŕyceOHHTe coBiiaŕaH>a HajnpBO jjpuiJie flo H3pa3 bo AnjajieKTHTe (bo HHBHaTa roBopeHa chopMa), a noToa ce OApa3HJie h bo jíHTepaTypHHTe (cTaHflapjjHHTe) ja3HU,H. CenaK, coBnaŕaH>aTa Meŕy öajiKaHCKHTe ja3HH,n bo norojieMa Mepa ce KapaKTepHCTHHHH aa nrijajieKTHTe Ha MaKefíOHCKHOT ja3HK. KaKO n 3a JíHJajreKTHTe Ha ApyrwTe ÖajiKaHCKH ja3Hi;H, oTKOJiKy sa CTaujiapjuwTe ja3HHH. CoBnaŕaH>a'ľa Meŕy öajiKaHCKHTe ja3HUH ce HapeKyBaaT ÖajiKa- HH3MH. Bo HayicaTa 3a ja3HKOT, KaKO HaJTHnHMHH 6ajiKaHH3MH bo Maice-flOHCKHOT h bo mpyrciTe ĎaJTKaHCKH ja3Hiní, ce cMeTaaT: Annin i 'iiMKii namm hu m ipaiyitan.e na iokiiii miioiii hogck, od HoeeK, na HoeeK, ilped hobck, co hobck, 3a nose k hth. Oahochtc Meŕy 36opoBHTe bo peneHHHaTa ce HcxaacyBaaT co noMom Ha cocxaBH ofl npe/v JT03H h ejiHa omiiTa HMeHCKa $opMa. AHajíHTHMKHOT H3MHH Ha H3pa3yBaHJe im^OKHH OTIHOCH e 6 HTH a ocoöeHOCT Ha MaiceflOHCKHOT J33HK. HMeHO, Taa e pe3yjiTaT na noBeice npOHeCH BO HCTOpHCKHOT p33BOJ H3 MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK KOH npeflH3BHKaJie 60 OF IIIITA rPAMATMKA HA M AKF.JIOHCKHOT JA3HK w3MecTyBaH>e Ha cTapnoT Tun CHHTeTHHKa AeKjiHiiaiinja KapaKTepwcTHMHa ia crapocjioseHCKHOT ja3HK (HCKa>KyBaFbe Ha ojjHOCHTe Meŕy 36opOBHTe bo pcieiinu,aTa co noMoiii Ha naAeafíHH (f>opMH). Oboj npouec peMHCH nejiocHO e 3aBpiueH bo Maicejj,OHCKHOT jasHK, KaKO n bo oyrapcKHOT, nofieKa bo poMaHCKHOT. apoMaHCKHOT, MenieHOpOMaHCKHOT, rpMKHOT h ajiöaH-cKiioT o6hmho cc ynoTpeöyßaaT j\bq na^oKHH cjDopMH (eflHa HOMiiHaTHBHo-aKViaTHBHa h e/n-ia reHHTHBHO-AaTHBiia). Hjichckh nacTiiitKii: noeeKoiü, noeeKoe, HoeeKOH. YnoTpeôaTa Ha TpH HIT3W MjieHCKH HacT3BKH 3a onpeAejiyBafbe Ha HMeHKaTa, KaKO n Ha flpyrHTe HMeHCKH iBOpOBH, HCTO TaKa, e ÔHTHa OC06eHOCT H3 Maxe^OHCKHOT ja3HK. PlMeHO, BO CTapOCJIOBeHCKHOT jaJHK HeMaJlO IIOCeOHM 'IJICIKKI1 HacTaBKH, a 3a onpejie.nyBaiT,e na HMeHKaTa ce ynoTpeöyßajia noKaina 3aMeHKa no HMeHKaTa: VAOB'EKb Tb. Oßaa ynoTpeöa npeTCTaßyiia ochobh 3a pa3BOJ Ha nOCTn03HTHBHH MJieHCKH HaCTaBKH BO MaKeflOHCKMOT ja3HK, KOH ce coBna^Hajie co cooABeTHHTe hjichckh MOpc£>eMH bo ApyrnTe öajiKaHCKH ja3Hii,H. CenaK, caMO bo MaKe/i,OHCKHOT ja3HK ce jaByBa Tpoen HJieH bo nocTno3nnHJa, AOACKa 3a ajiöaHCKHOT, 3a pom3hckmot, apONiaH-CKHOT h MerjieHOpOMaHCKHOT e KapaKTepHCTHHiia ynoTpeÖara n na npe- n03HTHBeH (npej; HMeHIOTa) H Ha I10CTn03HTHBeH HJieH. TpHKMOT ja3HK no3HaBa caMO npenoiHTeH HJieH, a bo ôyrapcKHOT HMa caMO e^eH HJieH koj pa3JiHKyBa Aonra h Kyca (J)opMa. yflBOjyBaibe na npe^MeTOT: ľo eudoe noGenoíu. Oßaa ocoöchoct e bo Tečna BpcKa co orípeii,ejiyBan.eTo na HMeHCKHTe jGopoBM h ja oii(|)aka CTpyKTypaTa Ha npocTaTa peneHHua. y^BojyBaH.eTO Ha npeAMCTOT He öhjio KapaKTepwCTHMHO 3a crapoonoBeHCKHOT ja3HK, TyKy nocreneHO ce jaBVBajio BO HCTOpHCKHOT pa3BOJ H3 M3KCAOHCKHOT J33HK K3K0 COBnaŕaH>e CO cooabcthhtc moju e ji h na npocraTa peneuHua bo ApyrHTe ÔajiKaHCKK ja3HHH. YnoTpeßa Ha ,n,a-KoiiCTpyKHHH: JJa ce suae - da ce umü. Oßaa ocoÖeHocT ce jaßyßa HaMecTO crapnoT hhc|)hhhthb, koj bo OApeAena Mepa e 3anyBaH bo poMaHCKHOT (bo koj ce coBna^Hajia co rjiarojicKaTa HMeHKa) H BO aJlÔaiTCKHOT, KaKO H BO CpnCKHOT. J/ThCJüHHHTHBOT, ßCyilHIOCT, e HeJTHMHa rjiarojicKa cjxjpMa, KapaKTepMCTMMiia 3a crapocnoBeHCKHOT ja3HK, ho bo HCTopucKHOT pa3Boj Ha MaKeAOHCKMOT jaiHK HeroBaTa ynoTpeôa ce 3aMeHyßajia co Aa-KOHCTpyKiuijaTa, KaKO h co rjrarojTCKa HMeHKa: He iüpei'xi cedewe, lüpeöa paôouiewe. 06pa3yBaH»e hjjiio Bpeivie co (|)opMii lOBeAeiiH on rjiarojioT cana: ke dojdoM, Ke ôojôeiu, ke dojde. HcTopHCKH, bo MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK oji, oßne HCTOPMCKM PA3BHTOK MA MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3MK 61 4)0pMH e H3BeAena necTHHKaTa Ŕe co Koja ce oöpasyßa hahoto, KaKO n MimaTOTO-HAHO h hahoto npeKaxaHO BpeMe. Bo CTapocjioBencKHOT ja3HK, hah o BpeMe naJMecTO ce ncKaxyßajio co ceraiimo BpeMe oa cBpmeHH ijiaroíMi: a^h npH^x. jac a^JA^m, ho h onncHO co noMOUi Ha marojíHTe nutiTH (HMa), 1ATH (3eivie, qpaKa), ^btrtm (caKa): ^oujtx npirni. YnoTpeöaTanaqpopMHoarjrarojroT^bTt>THce coBnaAHajTacoynorpeÖaTa Ha rjiarojíHTe co hcto 3HaneH>e bo ApyrHTe ÖajiKaHCKH ja3Hnn, na ce Hajio- MopMH ce coBnaŕaarr co cooabcthhtc aHajíHTHMKn ópopMH bo ApyrnTe öajiKancKH ja3nun. CnopeA 3acTaneHOCTa, öajiKaHH3MHTe HajnecTo ce ynoTpeöyßaa i bo MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK, ocoöeno bo AHJajieKTHTe na MaKeAOHCKHOT jaaHK, a HaJMHory rn HMa bo 3anaAHOTO MaxeAOHCKO Hapenje. Bo AnjajieKTHTe, ncTOTaKa, noBeŔe ceynoTpeöyßa JieKCHKa KapaKTepncTHHHa h 3a ApyrnTe öajTKaHCKH ja3nnn. HxieHo, bo hub ce cpeŔaBa 3aeAHHHKa JieKCHKa noBpsafía co HannHOT Ha íkhbotot bo MHH3TOTO (ncxpaHa, ypeAyBaH^e Ha aomot, oÖJieKa, CTonapCTBo). IlorojieM AeJi oa OBaa JieKCHKa e oa TypCKHOT ja3HK, ho ce cpeKaBaaT 3ÖopoBH oa cnTe ÖajTKaHCKH ja3Hiin. Bp3 ocHOBa Ha MeŕyceOHHTe coBnaŕaiba, jaanunTe na EanKancKnoT TTojiyocTpoB o6pa3yBaaT ja3HLieH cojy3, no3HaT bo HayKaTa KaKO ÖajTKaHCKH ja3nneH cojy3. KaKO thhhhhh npeTCTaBHnn;n na öajiKancK hot ja3H*ieH cojyj ce jaByBaaT MaKeAOHCKHOT, ÖyrapcKHOT, rpHKHOT, ajiôaHCKHOT n poMan-CKHOT jaaHK. Koh oboj cojy3 ce npHApy^yßaaT n jyroncTOHHHTe cpncKn roBopn, KaKO n apoMancKHOT n MerjieHopoMaHCKHOT, koh ce ynoTpeöyßaaT ca mo bo roBOpeHa qpopMa. IIIHPEH>E HA OYHKUHHTE HA HAPO3HHOT JA3HK ► JA3HKOT HA RAM ACKMHHTE ► MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO T1PBATA nOJIOBMHA HA XIX BEK ► MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO BTOPATA OOJTOBHHA HA XIX BEK ► yMEBHHKAPCKATA AEJHOCT BO MAKEAOHH.TA ► norJIEflMTE HA KPCTE nETKOB MHCHPKOB 3A MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH J A3 H K ► KOAHHKAUHJA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH JA3HK ► yjTOTATA HA BJ1AXE KOHECKH BO KOAMOHKAUH-.1 ATA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JIHTEPATYPEH (CTAH-AAPAEH) JA3MK IHMPEIfcE HA OYHKUHHTE _65 HA HAPOAHHOT JA3HK KaKO jiHxepaTvpcH (eraH/jap/jeH) ja3HK, upKOBHOCJiOBeHCKHOT bo nepHOAOT OA XII ao XVIII bôk ce ynoTpeöyßaji caMo bo HHinyaatHa dbopivia. Toj ja 33Ap>KajT ocnoBHaTa (jtyHKijMJa HacjiefleHa oa CTapocjio-bciickhot h 6hji J33HK Ha 6oroc;iy>K6aTa. McTOBpeMeHo, toj 6hji ja3HK Ha npeBOAnaTa JiHTepaTypa, a nocre-neno noHHaji Aa ce ynoTpeöyßa h KaKO ja3HK Ha aAMHHHCTpauHJara. npeBOAHaTa JiHTepaTypa 6nJia ucKJiywiBO co pejiHrno3Ha coAP>Kima, a 'dj\M h h h cTp a TH b n íiT'd BjiacT ÔHJia noBp3ana co upKOBHaTa. nponiHpyBařfceTO h 3rojieMyBaH>eTo Ha (JiyHKUHHTe na iihcmciuiot ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa, cenaK, hc ce BpiyBa 3a hpkobhocjiobchckhot, TyKy 3a MaKeAOHCKHOT napoACH ja3HK, koj oohhho qpynKHMOHHpaji bo roBopena 4>opMa. Bo iiHHjyBaHa qbopivia, sapoRHHOT jasHK Roaŕa B3pa3 npeKy HOCAHHeMHH OCOÔeHOCTH IIITO Ce CpeŔaBaaT BO UpKOBHOCJlOBeHCKHO T ja3HK. OcoÔeHOCTHTe oa HapoAHHOT ja3HK MoujHe paHO noHHVBaaT Aa ce ynoTpeöyßaaT bo opnrHHajiHHTe 3anncH Ha npeniniiyBaHHTe. M Meno, na MaprHHHTe na paKonncHTe THe ocTaBajie Moiniie ane-naTJiHBH ianncH 3a cBojaTa npeiiHiiiyßaMKa a^Jhoct, KaKO h ôejieniKH sa to ra hi h h HacTaHH. , TaKa, npKOBHOCJioBeHCKHOT ja3HK ja 3aApSKyBaJi cjjyiiKHHJaTa Ha jasHK Ha npeBOAnaTa JiHTepaTypa, a MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH jasHK ja npc-3eMaji cjjyHKujHJaTa Ha jasHK Ha jihhhhtc (HajiecTO noeTCKH) HCKa>KyBaH>a u a iipeinmiyBa'íHTe. o/hiocho na j 33HK Ha opHľHHaJIHaTa yMcniuMKa JiHTepaTypa. Mcto TaKa, npeKy 6ejieuiKHTe 3a TOraiOHHTe HacTaHH, ocoÖchocthtc oa napoAHHOT ja3HK ce ynoTpeÖyßajie h bo JieTonncnaTa JiHTepaTypa, Koja e oa ocoGeno jnanen>e 3a MaKeAoncKaTa iianHOHajina HCTopHJa. Ilpeny ynoTpeöaTa na oco6enocTiiTe oa Hapo/jiiHOT jü3HK bo opmmia.iim i e noeTCKH 3SIIHCH Aoaŕa a*> M3pa3 ecTeTCKara (|)yHKUHJa na ja3iiKOT, a npeKy iiiihm;m;i yiioTpeôa bo jieTOimCHara jinreparypa -ooeAHHyeaHKaTa. 66 OnilITA rPAMATMKA HA MAK HAOHCK HOT J A311K MaKenoHCKHOT HapoAeHja3HK, hcto TaKa, nocTenetio npeieMa j\qj\ on qbvHKn,MJaTa Ha ja3HK Ha aAMHHHCTpauHJaTa. ripHToa, TpeÖa rj;a ce HMa npeABHA npucycTBOTO Ha ryrn a/jMHHH- CTpaTHBHH BJiaCTH BO MaKe^OHMJa, KOH K3KO aAMHHHCTpaTHBCH TO Hajio>KyBajie cbojot jaiHK (BH3aHTHCKaTa BJiacT - rpnKHOT, cpncKaTa -cpncKaTa BapnjaHTa Ha upkobhocjiobchckmot, rypcKaTa -TypcKHOT). Ho, BO OAAeJHIH npaBHOanMHHHCTparHBHH TCKCTOBH KaKBH I1ITO ce, Ha npHMep, MaKeflOHCKure rpaMOTH, co kom ce noKa>KyBa MMOTHara coriCTBenocT Ha MaxeAOHCKHTe MaHacTwpH, ce HaMajiyßa ynoTpeöaxa Ha UpKOBHOCJlOBeHCKHOT ja3HK H CC 33HßpCTyBÜ yilOTpeôaľa MaKCAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja'jiiK. TpaMOTHTe HanHiuaHH Ha MaKeAOHCKii HapoßCH ja3HK ro noiKy- BaaT MaKCAOHCKHOT OTHOp CIipeMa TyŕaTa HpKOBHOaAMHHHCTpaTMBHa BJiacT. Each oa najyoaBHTe npuMepn 3a Toa e KajiiiMaHOBaTa rpaMOTa oa noHcroKOT Ha XVI bck. CaMOCTOjiiocTa na MaKCAOHCKaTa npKBa bo MnnaTOTO, npeKy ynoTpeöara Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK ocoöcho noaŕa ao H3pa3 bo MaiceAOHCKHTe koahhh - paKonncHH KHHTH co 3anncH 3a AapHTCJlHTe Ha MaKeAOHCKHTe ManacTHpH. HaJAOÖap npHMep 3a Toa e TpecKaßenKHOT KOAHK. MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH ja3HK, hcto TaKa, Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo tckctobh co npaKTHHHa HaMeHa, nncMa h MeryceÖHH AoroBopn Ha JiyŕcTo (najiiecTO bo TproBHJaTa), KaKo h bo Apyrn ianHCH co pa3miiieH Kapakiep, HaTnucH Ha qpKBH h MaHacTHpH h cjihmho. OcBeH ujto OApa3yBaaT 3HaiiaJHH OCOÔeHOCTH OA pa3BOJOT Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT ja3HK, OBHe TeKCTOBH COAP>K3T h 3HawaJHH noAaroHH 3a KyjiTypHaTa HCTopnja Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA, KaKo h ÖoraT OHOMacTHHKH MaTepHJaji (HMHH>a Ha Jiyŕe h Ha MecTa). npeKy ynoTpeöaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeii ja3HK bo rpaMOTHTe, bo KOAHUHTe h bo TeKCTOBHTe co npaKTHMHa HaMena, noKpaj oôeAMHy-Ba'iKaTa, nocTeneHo Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 cHMÖojiHWHaTa (J3yHiE HA *yHKUMMTE HA HAPO/J.HMOT JA3MK 67 JA3MKOT HA AAMACKMHHTE lípKOBHOC^OBeHCKHOT jaiHK HMHJT HapOAHOJa3HlIHa OCHOBa, HO Bp3 jy>KHOMaKeAOHCKHTe roBopw oa cľapoen obc f i ck h (> t iiepno;t Bo tckot Ha peMMCH ceflyM Beica (oa IX ao XVI) bo HapoflHHOT ja3HK HacTaHajie noBeŔe npoivieHH co kom toj 3HaiiHTeAHO ce ojijxajicHun oa cBojaTaCTaiiAapAH3HpaHa npojaßa,crapocAOBeHCKHOTjiHTeparypeii jaíhk, h cTanaji bo H3BecHa \iepa hcaobojiho pa3ÖHpjinB 3a coBpeMeHwre reHe-painiH. HaBJieryiiaHjexo Ha HapoAHoja3MiiHMTe ocoôchocth bo u,pkobho-cjioBCHCKHTe TeKCTOBH e nocTaneH nponec. ÜHCMeHiiOT ja í 11 k noKii/Kyitií norojieiwa i pa utmioim moc t oa ro-BOp&HOT. napanejiHo co HHCMeHaTa ynoTpeöa Ha hpkobhocjiobuhckhot ja íhk, KaKO ja3HK Ha nncMeHOcra nocTeneHo ce npojaßyßa h MaKeAOHCKMOT HapoAeH ja3MK. nHCMCHaTa ynoTpeöa na MaJceROHCKHOT iiapoAen jaiHx bo oboj ne-pHOA ce OAJiHKyßa co abc 6hthh ocoöchocth: cnoHTaHOCT m cßecHOCT. Co Toa ce o6e36eAyßa pasÖHpjinßocT h npHcranHocr Ha nnuiyBaHHTe tckctobh. CnoHTaHocTa Roata j\o H3pa3 npexy nocTeneHo BKjrynyBai-be HapoAHOJa3HHHH ejieMeHTH bo ja3HKOT Ha nwcMeHOCTa. IlpHToa, oaacjihh (OÔHMHO HeAOBOJIHO pa36HpjIHBM) UpKOBHOCJIOBeHCKH ja3MHHH OCOÖeHOCTH ce 3aMeHyßaaT co J33Hmhh ocoöeHocra ujto ce nopa36HpjiHBM m nojacHH h 3a npenHLuyBa'iHTe h 3a HapOAOT. Toa 3H3HH A^Ka jastiKOT Ha nHCMeHocxa BO OCHOBa e UpKOBHOCJIOBeHCKH CO OCOÖeHOCTH OA HapOAHHOT ja3HK. Oßaa ocoôeHOCT ce cpeicaßa bo MaKeAOHCKHTe paKoriHCH oa XIV ao XVI BeK, a ocoöeHo e KapaKTepwcTHHHa 3a 36opHHiiHTe co MemaHa COAP>KHHa, OA KOH e Hajn03HaTTHKBeUJKHOT 3ÖOpHHK. Ho, bo nepHOAOT oa XVI ao XVIII BeK oßaa nojaßa AoöHBa cßeceH KapaKTep. Cbcchoto BKnyMyBaite Ha ocoôeHocTHTe oa HapOAHHOTja3HK nocTeneHo ce Hajio>KyBa bo cpeAHHaTa Ha XVI BeK co nojaßaTa Ha eAeH noceöen bha AHTepaTypa, no3HaTa noA HMeTo AaMacKHHapcKa. Bo oboj nepHOA ja3HKOT h noHaTaMy bo OCHOBa e hpkobhocjiobchckh co 3HaiiHTejiHo norOJTCM ÖpOJ OCOÖeHOCTH OA HapOAHHOT ja31IK. CßeCHHOT OAHOC Ha npenHmyßaMHTe cnpexia ja3HK0T Ha AaMacKHHHTe ce 3a6eAe>KyBa h bo HacjiOBHTe Ha AaMacKHHapcKHre neTHBa. Bo noßeie HapOAeH ja3HK bo BpeMcro Ha penecaHcaTa ce ynoTpeöyßaji h 3a 3anaflHoeBponcKHTe Hapojmn ja3HiiH. AaiviacKHiiHTe ce noyiiiH 36opiiHUH bo koh jacHo e namáčeno Aewa ce naiiiiiiiiiiiii 11a napo jen ja íhk. Tne ce TiaAOBp3yBaafr Ha nponoBCÄTiaTa JiHTepaTypa w ro nOÖHJie HMeTo cnopeß hhbhhot aBTop, nponoBeAHHKOT Jj^aMacKHH OryflHT, koj ce 3ajiaraji cBOHTe nponoBeflH Aa rn aoöjihxh jqo HapOAOT, na rn Hannmaji Ha HOBOrpHKHja3HK. JlaMacKHHHTe, hhj HacnoB Ha HOBorpHKH ja3HK e Tecaypyc, cnaŕaaT Meŕy npBHTe nenaTeHH khhth bo BH3aHTHCKaTa JiHTepaTypa. HajnpBO, Tne ÔHJie HaMeHexH 3a HHTan>e no iipKBWTe, ho moiiihc 6p3o ce pacnpocTpaHHJie h HaßBop oa npKBaTa. Mmcho, ocbch inpKOBi-m nponoBc^H, Tne coAP>Kejie npnKasHH, jiereHflH, ohhch Ha Hacxann 11 JTHHHOCTH cBp3aiiH 3a xpHCTHJaiíCTBOTo, KaKo n TOJTKyBaiBa na nOJjaTOIIH OA noBeŔe HayxH bo corjiacHOCT co Tora m h hot norjieA Ha cbctot. Co HacjiOBOT Tecaypyc, BcyiiiHocT, ce Hamacyßa HHBHaTa ynoTpeöa, ocBeH naico neTHBo naMeneTo 3a wraifee, h KaKo cbocbhach peHHHK 3a npeBOA oa craporpHKH (k3ko ja3HK Ha aHTHMKaTa JiHTepaTypa) h cpeAHorpnKH (icaKO ja3HK Ha upKOBHüTa JiHTepaTypa) Ha HOBorpMKH. J^aMacKHHHTe, noA HacjiOB CoKpoeuiuiue, pennen BeflHam no HHBHOTO nenaTeHae Ha HOBorpHKHja3HK ce npeBCAeHH bo MaKCAOHnja Ha LipKOBHOCJlOBeHCKH j33HK CO OCOÖCHOCTH OA HapOflHHOT ja3HK H Ce UJHpeJie npeKy paKonwcHM KHHrn. Co hhbhhot MaKeAOHCKH nacjioB Cotcpoeuuiüie jacHO ce Hamacyßa 3HaneH>eTO ujto My ce A^ßa Ha HapOAHHOT ja3HK, ocoöcho Ha jieKCHKara, KaKO cbocbhaho HapOAHO 6oraTCTBO. Tne ja naAonojiHyBaaT iipa3HHHaTa oa Apyr bha cBeTOBiia JiHTepaTypa, Koja bo 3anaAHoeBponcKHTe 3eMJH BCKe ce uinpejia Ha HapoAeH jajHK. Bo XVI iíľk bo ICiipona npeoBjia^yBa CTpeMOKOT Aa ce ynoTpeoysaaT 3anaAHoeBpoiiťKHTe napo^im ja umu kiiki» ja ji inn Ha. ni repa i vpa i a h Aa ce mnu iiVBaaT na CTeiieii na jiHTepaTypim (cTaiiAapAini) jajiihii. Oboj CTpeiweaí e KJiynna ocoöenoer na esponcKaTa peiiecaiica h naoŕa CBOJ pea., ion oipaí no janiKor Ha míikc/ioiu-kiitc laMacKMiiii. CO ja3HKOT Ha AaMaCKHHHTe BO MaKCAOHCKHTe HpKOBHOCJlOBeHCKH TeKCTOBH jacHO ce nocTaByBa oahocot Meŕy npKOBHOCJioßeHCKHOT n na-poAHHOT ja3HK h ce pa3rpaHHnyBa HHBHaTa ynoTpeöa: inpKOBHOcjiOBeiicKHOT J33HK ce ynoTpeôyBa bo HHTaTn oa Cbctoto hhcmo h oa ApyrHTe upKOBHH Ili.lľi IM HA tl>yHKUHMTE HA HAPOflHMOT JA3MK 69 KHura, a HapoAHHOT ja3HK npeoBjiaAyna bo TOJiKyBaítaTa h bo KOMeHTapnre Ha UHTaTHTe. TaKa, npeKy upkobhocjiobchckhot J33hk ce o6ejie>KyBa BHCOKHOT CTHJi Ha H3pa3yBaH>e, a npeKy HapoflHHOT - hhckhot. To a npn- AOHeCyBa 3a CTHJICKaTa p33HOBHAHOCT Ha J33HKOT H 3a 3HaMHTCAHO npoiiiH- pyBaH^e na ynoTpeöaTa Ha HapOflHHOT ja3HK. HcTOBpeMeHO, co J33hkot Ha A a M aCKHHHTe Ce BpLUH H3ÖOp Ha H3pa3HHTe CpeACTBa Ha M3K.eAOHCK.HOT jaiHK, npn dtto HpKOBHocjioBeHCK3T3 jicKCHKa ce 3aMeHyBa co HapOftHa. nperiHinyBaMHTe Ha AaMacKHHHTe cbccho h h t e p b e h h p a jí 6 bo TeKCTOT, He CaMO BO OAHOC Ha j 33 H KOT TyKy H BO OAHOC Ha COAp>KHH3T3. T3Ka, AíVMacKHHHTe OA XVITÍ h oa XIX BeK ne ce oônneH npennc oa nocTap paKOHHc, TyKy ce npepacK3>KaHH h CKyceHH Bep3HH. Oobckcto oa hhb u,e-jiocHO ce oflflajieweHH oa CBOjara npKOBHOcnoBei-icKa npefljioiuKa h ce HanHĽH3HH Iia M3KCA0HCKH HapOAeH ja3HK CO MaJl 6poj H,pKOBHOCJIOBeHH3MH. ripn npepacKa^yBaH^eTO h npn CKpaTyBaH>eTO Ha AäMacKHHHTe Aoaŕa AO H3pa3 TBopenKaTa cjioôoAa Ha npenmnyBaqHTe h bo nor-jiefl Ha J33HKOT h bo nomeA Ha jíHTepaTypaTa. MaKCAOHCKaTa AäMacKHHapcKa jíHTeparypa hms AOJira, TpHBCKOBHa TpaAHU,HJa. Hajno3HaT MaKCAOHCKH AäMacKHH e KpHhhckhot AaMäCKHH, Toj cnaŕa Meŕy HajcrapHTe h HajoöeMHHTe AaMacKHHH h HenocpeAHO ro cjreAH TeKCTOT Ha rpMKHOT opHTHHaji. ľloHOBHTe AaMacKHHH ce KyCH, a HeKOH oa hhb ce oÖHHHH 3ÔopHHHH co pa3JiHHH3 coAp>KHH3. TaKa, co OBa HMe ce on-4>aK33T chie paKonHCHH iňopHHHH HanHiuaHH m HapOAeH J33HK. npHToa, 3a pa3JiHKa oa npBiiTe AaMacKHHH, KOH ce Hanniiiaiin na hpkobhocjiobchckh J33HK co ocoöeHOCTH oa HapoAHHOT ja3HK, nocjTCAHHTe ce HannujaHH HM hhct MaKeAOHCKH HspoAen roBOp. .In íiikoi na i a Ma c k h h m ľ c ro oina'iyim npcMHHOT <)| iipKoniio- CJlOBeilCKH BO MaKCAOHCKH liapo H H jilllik. MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3MK BO HPBATA nOJiOBHHA HA XIX BEK ripBaTa no.noBHHa Ha XIX bck ro 03naiiyBa noMCTOKOT na hobo- MaKeAOHCKHOT nepHOA OA paSBOJOT Ha M3KCA0HCKH0T HHCMeH H JlHTe- paTypeH ja3HK. Bo oboj nepnoA pennen uejrocHO e naMajiena ynoTpeöaTa Ha npKOBHOcjioBeHCKHOT J33HK bo MaiceAOHHJa h ce aapnpMHpa ynoTpeöaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapOACH J33HK. UpKOBTiocjioBeiicKHOT J33HK J3 3aAp>KajT caMO ynoTpeöaTa KOKO J33HK Ha upKOBHOTo neeibe, h Toa npeKy ynoTpeöa HS pycKH nenaTCHH 70 OniIITA rPAMATMKA HA MAKE/JOHCKMOT JA3MK k 11 h tm , KOH rn 3aMeHHJie AOTorauiHHTe paKonncHH Kiinrn hjto ce yrioTpeöy-Ba/ie bo MaKeflOHCKHre upkbh h MaHacTHpH. Toa, ceKaKO, ce ojjpa'JHJio h Bp3 ynoTpeöaTa Ha ocoöeHoenrre Ha HapoAHHOT jajHK bo ixpKOBHaTa HHTepaTypa. O a flpyra CTpaHa, ce aacHJiyßa BJiHJaflHeTO o a coceAHHTe Hapo/in, rpHKHOT, CpnCKHOT H ÔyrapCKHOT, KOH npCKy pa3JIHHHH CpOpMH (upKBa, TproBHJa, o6pa30BaHHe hth.) th naMernyBaaT cbohtc ja3HH,H Bp3 MaKe- AOHIHITC Oßaa CHTyaqHJa ce ycjTOXHyBa h co ynoTpeöaTa Ha TypcKHOT ja3HK, npeA cě KaKO ja3HK Ha aAMHHHCTpannjaTa. Tpeöa í\a ce HMa npeABHA AeKa bo oboj nepnoA iviaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAe boCBOHTe cthhmkh rpaHHHH boTypCKara HMnepnja, koj a He Hajiara HH BepcKa HH jasHHHa AOMHHanHJa h Koja My A03BOJiyBa Ha MaKeAOHCKOTo HacejieHHe pejiaxHBHa cjioöoAa bo ynoTpeöaTa Ha ja3HKOT h Ha pejinrnjaTa. CoceAHHTe HapOAM ja 3JioyriOTpe6yBaaT 3a cboh uejiH oBaa CHTyainija h ro 3acHJiyBaarr cbojot HHTepec bo MaKeAOHHJa. McTOBpeMeHo, bo oboj nepwojj ce ocpopMyBa MaKeAOHCKOTO rparaHCKo oniirrecTBO, Koe MHCHCTHpa Ha CBOJa cawocToJHocT, npeA ce, Ha caMocToeH MaKeAOHCKH na3ap. Bo ocTBapyBan>eTO Ha cbohtc nejin bo TproBHJaTa TOa TprHyBa TOKMy oa ja3HKOT h oa 06pa3OBaHneTO, npeKy HaMajiyBaHje Ha ynoTpeöaTa Ha coceAHHTe ja3Hin-i, npBO Ha rpiiKHOT, koj ce HaMeTnyBaji KaKO 3aeAHHHKH ja3HK Ha TproBHJaTa, Ha o6pa30BaHneTO m Ha npaBoonaBnaTa 6orocjiy>KÖa bo TypcKaxa MMiiepiija, a noToa h Ha cpiicKHOT h Ha öyrapcKHOT. Bo t a k ob oniuTecTBeH kohtckct bo npBara noJlOBHHa na XIX bck CTaHyBa aKxyejiHO npauiatBeTO 3a nucMeHHOT ja3MK bo MaKeAOHHJa. Toa e ocoÖeHO aKTyejTHO no ynoTpeöaTa Ha npBUTe nenaTeHH npKOBHOCjiOBeHCKH KiiHrn oa PycHJa, KaKO h no HenpHcpaKaiBeTO na coceAHHTe ja3Huw KaKO ja3HHH Ha omnTecTBeHaTa cpeAHHa bo MaKeAOHHJa. 3HanHTejieH npHAOHec bo pa3BpcKaTa Ha OBaa ja3Hima cHTyannja AaBaaT npBHTe MaKeAOHCKH nncaTejin. norJIEßHTE 3A JA3MKOT HA nPBHTE MAKEAOHCKH n HC ATE JIM npBHTe MaKeAOHCKH HHCaTeJlH, JoaKHM KpHOBCKH h KnpHJi Hej- HHHOBHK, ja 3aiHípcTyBaaT cBojaTa yjiora bo ocpopMyBan>eTO na bhaot Ha nncMeHHOT ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa npeKy aBTophtctot Ha nenaTeHaTa KHura. LUMPEHdE HA tDYHKLtflMTL HA HAPOAHMOT JA3HK 71 HMeHo, Tue ja npHc]iaKaaT h ja npoiionxyBaaT BocTanoBenaTa MaKenoHCKa TpaAnuHJa 3a npeiHniiyBaH>e flaMacKHHapcKa JiHTepaTypa, ja npe3eMaaT Bpa ceöecn yjiorara Ha j^aMacKHHapHTe h ja 3auBpcTyBaaT co naneqaTeHHTe khh™ co koh ce o6e36e/iyBa ĽUHpoK Kpyr HHTaTeJiH. ripHToa, 3a paa^HKa oa npenHinyBaMHTe Ha paKonncHiiTe /j,aMacKHHH oj; XVIII BCK, koh, rjiaBHo, HHiuyBajie Ha OAflejiHH MaKe^oHCKH roBopn, xne ja nponiHpyBaaT iiapoAHOjaaHHHaTa ociiOBa bo cbohtc nenaTenn Kiinrn, HMaJKH ja npuToa npejiBHA noxpeösTS KHHraTa ^a ce nnuiyBa Ha napoACH J33HK ujto Ŕe önae AorraneH /jo noiiiHpoK Kpyr MHTaTejiH. TaKa, npH nHiiryBaH>eTO Ha napOAeH ja3HK KpnoBCKH rn ynoTpeöyßaji CeBepOHCTOMHHTe MaKeAOHCKH IOBOpH, HO BHecyBaJI H ja3HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH CBOJCTBeHH 3a 3anaAHHTe MaKeAOHCKH roBopH. HapoAHara ochobs, naK, Ha ja3HKOT Ha rieJHHHOBHK Ce OCf)OpMyBa Bp3 HerOBHOT pOAeH TeTOBCKH rOBOp co 3HaiiHTejieH öpoj ocoöchocth oa ApyniTe mbkcaohckh roBopH. Co J33HKOT Ha npBHTe MaKeAOHCKH nenaTeHH KHHra Ha KpnoBCKii n na rieJHHHOBHK ee o6e3öeAyB3 niHpoKa napoAHoja3Hnna ocHOBa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HHCMeH J33HK, Ce o6e3ÖeAyßa COBpeMeHHOT THI1 Ha MaKeAOHCKH0TJa3HK h ce OTBOpa naTOT 3a oci)opMyBaH.e Ha mskcaohckhot jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. KaKO cjieAÖeHHHH Ha AaMacKHHapuTe, THe ro 3aAp>KyBaaT oahocot UpKOBiiocjioBciH'ivn jafHK — iiupo;ieii ja iiiK. flpHToa, iiacycuTe Ha upKOBHO- CJIOBeHCKH ja3HK Ce LTHTaTH OA HpKOBHHTe KHHrH, 3H3HH, He Ce aBTOpCKH TCKCTHa npBHTe MaKeAOHCKH nMcaTejiH, a HapoAHHOT j aaHK ce ynoTpeöyßa BO HHBHHTe 06jaCHyBaH>3 H KOMeHTapH K3KO J33HK Ha HHBHHTe aBTOpCKH TexcTOBH. TaKa, iipkobhocjtobchckhot ja3HK ja npe3eMa c^ynKiinjara na BHCOK CTHJI, a HapOAHHOT J33HK Ha HH30K CTHJI Ha H3pa3yB3H.e. npii ynoTpe5arra Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT Hapo#eH jb3hk, KpnoBCKH h FI ej HHHOBHK, OCBeH HapOAHOJaSHHHHTe H3p33HH CpeACTBa, KOpHCTeJie H TypH,H3MH, n03H3TH BO HapOAHHTe TOBOpH, H CO HHB OÖjaCHVBaJie AVpH H aiicTpaKTHH iiOHMH h coap>khhh oa xpncTnj3HCKaT3 pejiHrHJa. HMeHO, norojieM Ren oa npKOBHOcjioBeHCKaTa rpaM3THK3 h JieKCHKa BeKe ne mm ÖHJie no3HaTH Ha m3kcaohckhtc HHTaTejin, na ce jaßyB3Jia noTpeÔa rue Aa ce oÖjacHar co JÖopoBH uito öhjic bo aKTHBHa ynoTpeöa Meŕy MaKeAOHCKMTe poACHH iöopyßann. TaKa, bo JiQimra Ha Kxjmobckh n na nejnnnoBHK ce nocTaßyBa napa/icia Meŕy 3a6op3BeHaxa oniiiToanoßeHCKa JieKCHKa n aKTyejiHaT3 6ajiK3HCKa JieKCHKa. Oßa3 napsjiejia Ke nocjiyxn 3a noBTopHO BKJTynyBaH>e Ha crapn MaKeAOHCKH 3öopoBH bo pennnxoT na COBpeMeHHOT MaKeAOHCKH J33HK. Co tos ce OTBOpa nponecoT Ha H3AnrHyBaH»e Ha mskc- 72 OnUITA r? A M ATM K A HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3HK HOHCKHOTJ33HK na paHF Ha JiHTcpaTvpcH ja3HK napajiejiiio co nponecHTe Ha CTaHflapflH'jaLUija Ha npyrwTe cjioBeHCKH nnrepaTypHH ja3HiiH. ^ejioTO Ha KpnoBCKii h rieJHHHOBiiK HM3J10 CBOH npHBp3aHHu,H Meŕy MaKenpiicKHTe HHTaTenw, k3ko h cboh acfDHpMaTopH H CJiejl6eHHH,H. TaKa,TeoflocHJ CiiHaHTCKH bo npenroBopoT Ha KHHraTa Ymeiuemie zpeuiHUM Ha Knpuji riepiwHOBHK nasa SHanaJHa acj)HpMau,HJa Ha norneflHTe h na cTaBOBHTe 3a ynoTpeöara na waKeflOHCKHOT iiaponeH ja3WK k3ko jasHK Ha JíHTepaTypara h 3a HeroBOTo 3HaneH>e 3a KyjiTypHOTO npocBe'ryBahbc Ha MaKCflOHCKHOT HapO/l. yjioraTa Ha Teonpcwj CHHaHTCKH bo MaxenoHCKOTO KyjiTypHo h npocBCTno ii3/j,nniyBaii,c ocoôcno noaŕa no H3pa3 npeKy OTBOpaH>eTO Ha npBaTa MaKej^oHCKa nenaTHHua bo CojiyH, HajaKTHBHHOT viaKenoncKH KyjTTypeH ueHTap bo Toa BpeMe. Toj ce 3anarajT 3a nenaTeiBe npaKTHHHH TeKCTOBH Ha pa3ÖHpjIHB ja31IK. Bo neiiaTHMu,aTa Ha CnHanrcKH, ocbch KHHraTa Ha KnpHji Oej-MHHOBHK, H3JieryBaaT on. nenaTyniTe neKOJiKy Kiinrn na MaKcnoncKH ja3WK, on, KOH eflHH HNiaaT ocoöeHo 3HaMeH>e 3a ocaMOCTOJyBaH>eTO Ha MaiK6HTe 3a OTBOpaH>e yMHjiHiiiTa Ha mhkcaohckh ja3HK e TaÔAima üepeaja on npBHOT yHHTen Ha MaKenpHCKH ja3HK JopnaH Xaun KOHCTaHTHHOB-IJlTHOT. OOjaBEHa TOKMV BO TipBaTQ MaKe/tOHCKa ncnaTHHu,a bo ConyH bo 1841 ronHHa. Cnopen jb3hkot na TaÖAUUfi üepeaja jacHo ce 3aoene>KyBa neKa IJhhot KaKO J33hk Ha oöpaiOBaHHCTo ro ynoTpeöyßan MaKe^OHCKHOT ja3HK. MinHniyBaJKH ro MaKenoHCKHOT ja3HK KaKO ja3HK h a oöpaso-BaHHeTo, Uhhot ce 3anaran MaKenoHCKHor janiK na ro npcxHrHe päM-HHUJTeTO Ha nopa 3 b h e h h Te cjiobchckh hiicmchh ja3Hi4H on Toa BpeMe. 3ada hu 1. OöjacHH ja MHCJiaTa Ha ^arviacKiiH OryAHT: Hepa3Ôpani(oíU 3Ôop od Hapodoül üpuneia na 3aüenaiTteH meop od koj hukoj ne MOjfce da ce Hnime. 2. CnenHHBe 3ÖopoBH ce cpeKaBaaT bo MaKenpHCKHOT naMacKHH; THe h npHiiaŕaaT Ha 3aennHHKaTa ôanKaucKa neKCHKa, na ce KapaKre-pHCTHHHH 3a CHTe ÖajiKaHCKH ja3HiJH, 6e3pa3nHiiHO na HHBHOTO noTeKno: apžaíU, cmepua, ôyôaú, duKeJi. coAtap, candoAU, qbypKa, cpyflia, qhycuJLan. OównH ce na ro npoTojiKyBam hhbhoto 3HaneH>e h ynoTpeöa! lUMPEJbE HA (DYHKUMMTE HA HAPOflHMOT JA3MK 73 3. npen03Haj TM HeonXOJíHHTe H,pKOBHOCJTOBeHH3MH BO CJieflHHOB npHMep OA efleH AaMacKHH Ha MaKejjOHCKH Hapo^eH ja3HK: Hezoeaiüa mouku initio luianeme u ecaeuie, o cuhcmou, cac3u ceza eo ada da usötwuiu üpaeedHuiüe doyuai, u eo üipeüÄuu den da eocKpecueiu küko mulo mu KüMvoauie MHožoy fioiüii... (EpxcnaHCKH flaMaCKUH) 4. OÖHflH ce Aa ro oöjacHHui 3HaiieH.eTo Ha noflBJieneHHTe 3Öopoun (TypHH3MH) BO CAeAHHBe npUMepH OA JoaKHM KpHOBCKH H 3aMCHH TH CO 3ÖopoBH co h CTO 3HaMen>e OA MaxeAOHCKHOT CTaiiAapAeH ja3HK: 3aiüoea cmc ciiüle xpucitiuauii doAOKHU da cükäMe; 3autüio naiua Mittioiü eüi na neöo. Tomo ice da cMCMiieu eo eennuja u 6ľ3koh6 h h uja ecKu, a oede cmc cyplyn. M cela umu dee mena na neöo, Xpuciüoc u Cipecejaifiaja Bolopoditna. Tue ce hu cuwe xpiicüliumu yprteK. Tue mühu.u u uioea euno luülo ciüe üwie 6e3 xecaü, iüue cela ke da ce ymmaiü da eu lopaüt u My Haiti. Bepyeaiue 6c3 utyoe 3aiuüio ne e cicpuiUHO na yžoduUKa BoMuja cajamazo Bacwiuja 3apad u HojuaiUa dyma. A ano ccfKaiTie Mouüle pyKu da lit nocumesa miiuan, a eue oíUceiteiiic mu lu pyKuiüe u HOceCüe lu. MucMui initio da y hu hu, da ce fcypiüyjiuca oiu uioj ü/ien. y MecüXo 3060m0 Hapua, iüaMo iüeite eemma peKCt, - y uioea ceno 6uji eden nenoeeK ÖolaCü, umoji mhoIv u3Mekapu, u umoa eden apaüuu, MHOly epeMC My paôoiTuui, u lo Mu/iyeaji locüodapo, 5. Oöhah ce bo cjreAHHBe npHMepn Aa ja npeno3Haem napajiejiHaTa ynoTpeôa Ha upKOBHocnoBeHCKH h na MaKeAoiicKM rpaManiMKH cj)opMH h 3ÖopOBH co hcto snaneite bo hcta peiieHHH,a: BepyjyiTi, umu ne 3najaüi y kozo eepyeaül. TlolJiedaj coc omiitie ítiu 3aiuiüo üpedcüiojaül 6e3neüi, 6e3Öpoj, apxüHle/iu coc Ioacm cülpax u yoicac. flolAcdaj na decno u na Jieeo de«a 6e.3Heiü, Mitoly nenoeeiui IpeiUHUU u üpaeeÖHuu cüiojaiü coc cülpax moahüüI. O nydo! O nydece! Ja caM itie co3dcui, ja3e com üie coiüeopuA. O doôpoiäa dymu! O lojieMa doôpuua na dyiuaüia HeciammHaja, uiiüo ue Möwe da ce ucKOXce! CeKU nenoecK koj e ôolaiu, oh e müachok na dyxoenuj eo3paciti, 6oj. 74 OniIITA ľPAMATOKA HA MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3MK 6. M3ABOJ TM i;pKOBHOCJTOBeHH3MHTe OA CJTeAHHBe CTHXOBH OA HaArpoÖHMOT Harune Ha K. ľleJHHHOBHé h oöhah ce Aa ro onpeAeJiHLU HHBHOTO 3HaiieH>e: Teapne mv Hezoao po.vcdeHue npeHUcma u XuAaudap üocülpuMenue JleuwK mv e nezoo ßocüumanue. Hod üjionaea nezoo üoHueanue. 3a Aa ro npeTcraßii cbojot >khbotch naT, IleJHHHOBiiK ynoTpeöyßa HpKOBHOCJ10BeHH3MH. 30LHTO? H3AB0J ro HpKOBHOcjiOBeHH3MOT iiiTO ce ynoTpeôyBa h jjeHec bo m a k e a o h c k h o t CTaHAapAeH ja3HK. Cnopejp ro aHaneiteTo co Koe e yno-TpeöeH bo iiaTiuicoT co coBpcMeHOTO 3HaMeH>e. 7. Bo cjieAHHOB H3B3AOK OA npeAroBopoT koh yüleiuenue žpeiuuuM, T. CHHaHTCKM, concTBeuHKOT na iipBaTa MaKCAOHCKa nenaTHHJAa, iivuiiyBa 3a yjiorarra Ha HapoAHMOT jaanK boJlHTepaTypaTa. KoMeHTHpaj rnHeroBHOT norjieA h HeroBHOT ct3B 3a ynoTpeöaTa Ha napoAHHOT ja3HK. Eee KJbyn nulo oüXeopyeiü cepdnefüo saute, ne KJhyn oiU sjiaíito ují u cpeôpo, ho KJhyn od m6ac30 u huauk, huio da ne ce euu; oUlu cpeöpoüio u SAaiUoülo ecül. mcko u ce aue CKopo, ho Mejic30iTio co huauk ne ce ßue. Koza da e eciü omeopôíä, cupen oiüKJbyHoül oül 3Jiaiíio ii/iu oül cpeôpo, ma da hc momcc KOßnelom, cupen cepdneäio moc, da oíäaopu, huáo mu eciü ülüKoß oiüßop (K/hyn)? Hena eciü od huauk u MeM3öt üla da oiüeopu KOßneioiü, üla da He ecül oül cpeôpo u 3auüio u da ne mom c da oiüeopu cepdujemo ua üpociTtuoül hcaoqck. MAKEAOHCKHOT JA3HK BO BTOPATA nOJIOBHHA HA XIX BEK Bo BTopaxa nojioBHHa Ha XIX BeK MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoAeH jajMK ce ynoTpeßyßa bo noBCKe oÖJiacTM Ha MeryceÖHOTo onuiTeH>e bo MaKeßOHHJa. Ho, ynoTpeöaTa na MaKeAOHCKHOT napoAen ja3HK bo roJieMa Mepa e cnpenyBaHa h e OHeß03MO>KyBaHa oa AejcTßyBaH,eTO Ha nponaraHAHTe Ha coceAHHTe HapoAH, koh ja Kopncrax h ja 3 JioynoTpeÖ y b a a r .viaKCAoucKaia noJio>KÔa bo TypcKaTa HMnepnja h co paajiHMini cpeACTBa ce oönAyßaaT Aa ro acHMHJTHpaaT MaKeAOHCKHOT h apo a, Aa ja npeTCTaßaT MaKenoiicKara TepHTopuja KaKo cBoja, Aa ro nccJDpjiaT oa ynoxpeôa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK h Aa ro HajTOiKaT CBoeTo HMe h cbojot ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa. limi'! Il.ľ HA tDYHKUHHTE HA H A POHH MO ľ J A3 H K 75 Bo oBaa CHxyaiinja, MaKenpncKHOT ja3HK cTanyBa ochobch ßener Ha MaxenoHCKHOT KyjiTypeH h naiiHOHajieH HneHxnxex h mokho cpencTBo bo 6op6axa npoTHB nacHjiHaxa acHMHjianHJa. IlpHToa, npouecox Ha octpopMyBafte Ha MaKCAOHCKHOx nHxepaxypen jaiHK ce OflBHBa bo kohxckcxox Ha ôopôaxa Ha MaKenoHCKuor Hapon, 3a cjioGo^a bo BepcKH, bo Kyjixypeii h bo Hannonanen nomen. Bo corjiacHOCT co Toa, bo BTopaTa nojiOBHiia na XIX Be k ce H3AenyBaax TpH OHIHTeCTBeHOHCTOpHCKH KOHTCKCTH bo pa3BOJOT Ha MaKe^OHCKHOT XHxepaxypen ja3HK: — npKOBHo-yMHJiHiiiHara ôop6a, HHJau,eji e B030ÔHOByBaH>e na Maxe-AOHCKaxa Hau,HOHajTHa inpKBa co BOBe^yBa^e Ha MaKenoHCKHox HapoAen ja3HK bo HpKBara h bo ynHjiHinxaxa. Oßaa 6op6a iipßo e naconeHa npoTHB BJiHJanHeTo h nponaraHrj,aTa Ha rpHKaxa inp-KBa, a noToa h npoTHB ôyrap-CKaTa h cpncKaTa, h ce onBHBa Ha paMHHiiixe na MaKenpHCKHTe n,pia Ha MaKenpHCKHTe npeponöeHULHi h ce npexcxaByBa npeKy HMBHaxa yMeTHHHKa jnixepaxypa m npyrnre qpopMH Ha noKa>KyBaH.e Ha KyjTTypHHOT HfleHTHTeT, ocoöeHO npeKy coÖHpaftexo h ac|3HpMHpaH.exo Ha MaKenoHCKOTO h apo ah o TBopeiiiTBo; — iiauHonajiHo-nojíHTHHKaTa oopoa, h m j a uen e HannoHa ;iho ocjioöonyBaHDe h o6eAHHVßaH3e Ha MaKenpHUHTe co hhbho orabnuujajiHO npnjHaBai-fee k3KO OAAeneH chobchckh Hapon n co 11 p n 3h a b a h>e Ha MaKe-Aohckhot nnxepaxypeH ja3HK kbko ocJ^HinijaneH. Oßaa 6op6a ce oabhbh npeKy opramoHpami qbopMH Ha OTnop npoTHB TypcKaxa HMiiepHJa h npoxHB Tyŕnxe nponaraHnH bo MakenoHHJa. CeKoja o a oBMe 6op6n HMa cboh cneHiicjíHHHOCXH h HueAHa He e ocnoöoAeHa oa HaABopeujHH BJiHJaHHJa h npnxHCOHH, ho hh3 CHxe hhb jacHO ce KpHCxajiH3Hpa cxpeMOKOx 3a OAAeneH MaKenoHCKH ja3HK h ce Harna-cyBaax ochobhhxc ocoôeHocxH Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT jaiHK. M3BOP HA JIV\}AJIEKTHATA OCHOBA HA MAKEAOHCKMOT CTAHAAP^EH JA3MK OabopMyBaibexo Ha MaKeAOHCKHOX cxaHAapAen ja3HK 3anoHHaxo Bp3 niHpOKa HapOAHOja3HHHa ocHOBa Ha MaKeAOHCKHox nHCMeH ja3HK bo AeJiaxa Ha MaKeAOHCKHxe nHcaxexiH oa npBaxa nonoBHiia na XIX BeK nponon>KyBa co H36opox Ha AHJaneKXHaxa ocHOBa Ha jasHKOx. 76 OnillTA fPAMATHKA HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3MK Oßa npamaite ce HaMeraajio KaKO neonxoAHO co orpaiiHHyBaiteTo h co HaMajiyBařtexo Ha cjyyHKUHOHajiHOCTa Ha hpkobhocjiobchckhot ja3HK, K3KO j33hk KOJ BO MHH3TOTO ob03mo)KyBaJT nHUiyBaHHTe tckctobh A^ ÖHAaT pasÔwpjiHBH 3a HHTaTejiHTe Ha nomnpOKa TepHTOpHJa iia cjiOBencKHTe 3eMJH. Hueuo, oa CAHa CTpaHa, oboj j33HK 6hji HCTHCHyBan oa rpMKHOT, a oa APyra CTpaHa noBeiie He 6hji bo cocTOJöa qejiocHo Aa rn 3aAOBOJiyua no'rpeÖHTe na hoboto BpeMe. M36opoT Ha AwjajiefCTHaTa ocHOBa ocoöeHO aoujoji ao H3pa3 bo nonexoKOT Ha Bxopaxa noJiOBHHa Ha XIX bck h rjiaBHO ce HCKpHcxajiH3Hpaji bo ABe rjieAHUixa aa ocJ30pMyB3ii>e Ha JinxepaTypHHo x ja3HK bo MaKeAOHHJa: — ot^opMyBafte Ha JinxepaTypeH ja3HK spa nomnpOKa (MaKeAOHCKO-ôyrapcKa) AwjaJieKTHa ochob3 KaKO 3aeAHHWKH ja3HK3a MaKCAOHi^Hxe h 3a ByrapHxe bo paMKHTe Ha TypcKaxa HMnepHJa; - oqpopMyBaH^e Ha JinxepaTypeH jasHK Bps 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKa AHJaJieKTHa ocHOBa ksko ojxí\qji&u MaKeAOHCKH ja3MK Mery Apyrnxe CJIOBeHCKH ja3HHH. 1. rjieAHuiTCTo 3a 3aeAHHMKH (MaKeAOHCKo-öyrapCKH) jniiik HocHxejT Ha HAejaTa 3a o4>opMyBan>e na eAeH aaeAHHMXH JinxepaTypen J33HK 3a MaKeAOHUHxe h 3a Byrapnxe ÖHjia öyrapcxaxa upKBa, Koja bo oboj nepHOA ce 3Ao6HJia co caMocxoJHOCT bo paMKHTe Ha TypcKaTa HMnepnja. Oßaa HAeja ÖHJia p33JiHHHO cchaTeHa oa MaKeAOHCKHxe HHcaxejiH h bo paajiHMeH oÖeM HauiJia OApa3 h bo HHBHHxe JiHTepaTypHH npojaBH. TaKa, JopAaH Xaun KoncTaHTHHOB-IjHHOT bo oBaa HAeja Hieran mo>khoct m a K e ao HCK hot HHCMeH ja3HK A3 to AOCTHTHe paMHHUJTCTO Ha HOpa3BHeHHTe CJIOBeHCKH J33HHH, Ha BO CBOJOT J33HK BKJiyMyB3JI 3ÖOpOBH KOH ÖHJie CBOJCTBeHH 3a COCeAHHTe CJIOBeHCKH J33HHH, CpnCKHOT h ÖyrapcKHOT. Toj cBecHo ce oAAaJienyBaji oa cbojot pOAeH BejieiuKH roBop h nnuiyBaji Ha ja3HK koj OAroBapaji Ha ceBepHOMaKeAOHCKaTa h 3anaAHOöyrapCK3Ta A Hj a JieKTHa ocHOBa. HAejaTa 3a eAeH saeAHHMKH jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK 3a MaKeAOHUHTe h 3a EyrapHTe xeopncKH ja paspaöoTHJi Ilapxeiiiij 3orpacJ)CKH, e ach oa najo6pa30BaHHTe 4)hjiojio3h bo Toa BpeMe, He caMO bo MaKeAOiinja h bo oahoc Ha ByrapHJa TyKy h bo cjiobchckhot cbct, bootjihto. IlpHToa, toj H3BpHJHJl KJiaCH^HKaUHJa H CHCTeMaTH3aíH/íja Ha pa3JIHKyBaHKHTe oco- öeHocTH Ha MaKeAOHCKHTe h na öyrapcKHTe roBopn h HHCHCXHpaji 3anaAHO- UIHPEH>E HA *y H KLIMMTE HA HAPOAHHOT ja3mk 77 MaKeflOHCKHTe ja3HLiHH ocoöejiocTH Ra yMecTByBaaT bo 3aeAHHHKHOT jasiiK, na Jiypvi ce 3ajraraji 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKOTO Hapenje Aa ÖHAe ocHOBa Ha toj ja3HK. BaKa 3a\iHCJieHHOT ja3HK HeMaji ocoöena ynoTpeöa HHTy naK ce ocTBapHJi bo npaKTHKaTa, ocBen KaKO nncMeH ja3HK Ha koj öHJie nninyBaHH HiBeceH opoj npHJi03H oa MaKeAOHUH (na npniviep, oa Uhhot) bo 3aeAHHMKHTe MaKeAOHCKO-öyrapcKH Be ch hihi h cnncaHHJa iuto ce nenaTejie bo HapnrpaA, a noToa h bo öyrapcKHTe bcchhhh bo CocpHJa. Hcto Taxa, co BaKOB j33hk MaKeAOHUHTe ce cnywejie h bo nHCMdíHTe KOHTaKTH co öyrapcKaTa upKBa. Cßoe ocTBapyBan>e oboj ja3HK HMa h bo jíHTepaTvpHOTO actio Ha PaJKo >Kllll3ll(|)<)lt. KOJ BO J33HKOT Ha CBOHTe TBOpÖH BKJiyHyBaJl J33HHHH OCO-ÖeHOCTH peMHCH OA CHTe MaKeAOHCKH H ÔyrapCKH rOBOpH, KaKO H HpKOBHO-CJIOBeHH3MH H pycy3MH, na H CpÖH3MH. OöHAOT 3a 3aeAHHHKH ja3HK 3a MaKeAOHUHTe h 3a Eyrapu re ne 6hji noiHHpoKo HpHdpaTeH Meŕy MaKCAOHHHTe, ocoôeiio Meŕy ohhc roh ja ccpaTHjie acHMHJiaTopcKaTa nojíHTHKa Ha öyrapcKaTa npKBa KaKO npanen cyöjeKT BoTypcKara nivmepHJa. ľlo ocjio6oAyBaH>eTO Ha ByrapHJa, óyrap-ckiíot jiMTepaTypeH ja3HK KaKO odpiHiHJajieH ja3HK Ha HOBOco3AaAemna ÖyrapcKa AP>KaBa ce H3rpaAyßa Bp3 HCTOHHOöyrapcKa AHJajieKTHa ocHOBa, na CTaHyßa ry ŕ h HenpncpaTjiHB 3a MaKeAOHiniTe. 2. TjieAHuiTCTO 3a OAAejieH mukctohckh ja íhk DieAMíHTeTO 3a oAAeJien MaKeAOHCKH jajHK ce HaAOBp3yBa Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa nncMeHa TpaAHinija, bo Koja npKOBHOCJioBCHCKaTa ocHOBa nocreneHO ce 3aivieHHJia co HapoAHOJa3HHHa. YnoTpeöaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHor HapOAeH ja3HK ce Hajio>KyBa bo paa-jiHHHH oÔJiacTH Ha onniTeHíe, ocoöeHO bo TproBHJaTa, bo iipKBaTa, bo o6pa-30BaHHero, KaKO h bo nenaTOT h bo vMeTHiiMKaTa jíHTepaTypa. Mcto TaKa, Taa HMa 3HaiiaJHa noTKpena bo HapoAHOTO TBopeuiTBO. Bo toj norjieA, neHTpajiHo MecTo 3a3eMa 36opHiiKoiü hu Hopodnu üecnu Ha öpakaTa MHüaAHHOBÜH. 3ajio»:6HTe 3a oqpopMVBaite Ha jiMTepaTypHHOT ja3HK Bp3 3anaAHO-MaKeAOHCKHTe roBOpn accJíhhhthbho ce noßp3yßaaT co a ej HOCTa Ha ŕopŕHJa Ily.icBCKH h Ha ApyruTe KyjiTypHM AeJHH koh paCxrrejie Ha nojieTO Ha ja3HKOT. Oßne AeJHH ce HapeKyBaaT MaKeßonHCTH, nopaAH hhbhhtc jacHH II OTBOpeHH MaKeAOHCKH HAC1I. 78 OnilITA rPAMATHKA HA MAKF.AOHCKMOT JA3MK ^eJHOcTa na MaKeAOHHCXHTe ce oCTBapyiia npexy noiíeŔe rpynn Ha HCTaKHaTH MaicenoHiiH KOH rn npnapaRaaT h rn noAAp>KVBaaT HfleHTe 3a ojnjeneH MaKejjoHCKH napoA co cboj MajieaoncKH jiHTepaTypeHja3HK. Mefy hhb, KaKo HajaKTHBHH ce HCTaxHyBaax MjieHOBHxe na MjiaflaTa MaxenoHCKa KHH>KeBHa jipy>KHHa, Koja bo Coc{}HJa ro H3flaBajia cnncaHneTO „Jlo3a". ObHC MaK6JJOHHCTH, CHOpCA HMeXO H3 CmiCaHHCXO, CC H03HaTH HOJJ HMeTo .10 .tapn Tne npHAOnecyBaar 3a 3airBpcTVBaH>e Ha MaKCAOHCKHOTja-3HK bo nenaroT h 3a 3HaiiHTejiHOyripocryBaHae Ha MaiceAOHCKHOT npaBonnc. 3ano>K5HTe Ha MaKejj,OHHCTHrre Ke jjoOHJax jacna xeopHCKa noTKpena bo flenoxo na Kpcxe ITeTKOB MucupiiOB. Bo bropara nojiOBiiHa Ha XIX bck jam o ce Harjiacyna 11 jejai a 3a oaac^ch MaKCflOHCKH jiHxepaTypen ja íkk h KOUKpenio noHiiyea a» ce otiBapvna bo iipau i iika YHEEH J4KAPCKATA AEJHOCT BO MAKEAOHHJA npainaiBe ro 3a tnoopox Ha ^HJajieKTHaxa ocHOBa Ha MaKejioHCKHOX CTaHflapfleH jaiHK Hamjio cboj o/^paj bo yiie6HHKapciKyBaH>exo Ha Tyro o6pa30BaHHe bo MaKcnoHHJa (rpMKo, öyrapcKO h cpncKo) h nopaiiH ynoTpeöaTa na yMeônnuH 03 cooabcthhtc ja3Hini AypH h bo HacraßaTa Ha MaiceAOHCKH ja3HK. Hmcho, nponaraHAHTe Ha coccahhtc 3eMJH bo oöpa30BaHHeTo rjieAaJie ochobho cpeACTBO 3a acHMHJiamrja Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT napOA no naT Ha BocnHTyBan-e Ha MJiaAHTe MaKCAOHCKH reHepannn cnopeA concTBeH HairaoHajieH moacjt. Bo BaKBM ycjTOBH, MaKeAOHCKHTe npepoAÖeHHHH co ynnTencKaTa h ocoöeno co yneÖHHKapcKaTa a^jhoct ro cnpenyBajie npoiiecoT Ha acHMHJiaiTHJa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapOA h HajioíKyBařteTO Ha ja3MUHTe Ha coceAHHXe 3CMJn KaKO oqpHLnijajiHH hc caMO bo HacTaBaTa xyxy h bo Apyrnxe oôjracTH Ha yrioTpeôa m ja3HKOT. Hcto Taxa, HHBnaxa acjhoct bo rojieMa Mepa npHAOHecjia 3a KpncxajiH3aLiHJa Ha riomeAHTe 3a MaKeAOHCKiiox ja3HK npeKy HeroBaTa KOHKpeTHa npHMena bo HacTaBHaTa npaKTHKa. Bo corjiacHOCT co craBOT Ha MaKeAOHCKHTe iipKOBHH onniTHHH, HacTasaTa bo MaKeAOHCKHTe yqujinuiTa o6hhho ce oABHBajia Ha cooa- mum li,i IIA ! iKi U'.ii 11 ha m \ľ< >.:.: mo: i \ • u k 79 bcthhtc HapojjHH roBopn. napajiejmo co ynoTpeôaTa na HapojiHHTe roBopH bo HacTaBaTa, bo MaKejjoHCKHTe yneÖHHun coceivia peajiHO jjoluoji flo H3pa3 CTpeMOKOT jja ce nnruyBa Ha 3ana/iHOMaKejj,OHCKO Hapeiije. Toa e KapaKTepMCTHHHo h 3a npBHTe MaKejjOHCKH yneÖHHUH na riapTCiiHJ 3orpa(|)CKM h Ha Ky3Man Waiikapcit naiinniaHH Bp3 ocHOBa Ha 3anarj,HOMaKejj;oHCKHTe roBOpn h HaMCHeTH chmo 3a yneHiniHTe oj\ Ma-KtyioiiHJa. Maxo oc^HUHJajino ce 3a.nara.ne 3a enen iaejjHHMKn MaKe/ujncKo-öyrapcKH jaiHK hjto 6h ce ynoTpeöyBaji h bo MaKejjOHHJa h bo Byrapnja, caMaTa npaKTHKa hm noKa>KVBana neKa jaiHKOT Ha HacrasaTa bo MaKe-AOHCKHTe yiH-HHinra, a co roa n jahikot na yneßHHiurre Tpeôa /ia 6HJi,e MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoaeH jasHK. ripBHTe MaKe7J,OHCKHTe yneÖHHKapH, riapTeHHJ 3orpac|dckh h KyuiaH IIIaiiKapcB, jacHO rn HCTaKHane CBOHre norjie/iH 3a MecTOTO Ha mbkc-flOHCKHOT jajHK bo o6pa30BaHHeTO. Bo ycjioBH na Týni o6pa30BHH npo-naraHflH, uBpcro 3acraHane 3an, erabot jjeKa oöpasoBamieTO Ha jjena'ra Tpeöa }\a ianonne na MaJHHHHOT jaiHK. ToKMy saToa, r/iaBHO MecTo Meŕy m a k e íj o h c k h t e yneôminn HMaar ôyxBapHTe (HaMeHeTH 3a none-rao o6pa30BaHne Ha Majn h h ja3HK) h hh-xaHKHTe (koh 6n.ne cBoeBHnHH jjeTCKH emniKnonenHH; con,p>Kejie tckctobh oji pa3JiHHHH oÖJiacTH h oÖHHHO ÖHJie npeBejryBaHH oij yneÖHHUH Ha ApyrH J33HHH). Bo flpyrHTe yneÖHHHH ocoöeHo BHHMaHHc hm ce nocBeTyBano na HpKOBHHTe TeKCTOBH, koh 3a noTpeoiiTě na nacraBaTa, hcto TaKa, ÔHjie npeBCAyBaHH Ha MaKejjOHCKH ja3HK. KaKo aBTopn Ha ÖyKBapn Ha MaKejjOHCKH ja3HK, ocbch IlapTeHHJ 3orpaapcKH h KysMaii IlIanKapeB, cejaBynaaTH ßHMHTap Y3yHOB (TäTKOTO Ha XpHCTO Y3yHOB), j^HMHTap MaKejjOHCKH, Jochc}) KoBancB, HaraHaHJi 3orpac[jCKH h apyru. Ky3Man IlIanKapeB, hcto TaKa, e aBTop na noBeKe HwraHKH h na /ipyrn yne6HHU,h co upKOBHa con,p>KHHa (eBaHrejjhckh h anocTOJiCKH tckctobh) HanHHiaHH na MaKejjOHCKH HapojjeH ja3HK Bpi ocHOBa Ha oxpiiflCKHOT roBop. y^íHTejiCKara h yqeÖHiiKapcKara jjejiiocT Ha 3orpac|)CKH h Ha IlIanKapeB na míikc ioik ku napo;icii ja íhk cc oiiuiiia bo kohtckctot Ha HpKOBHoyMHJiHiniiaTa oopoa na iwaKejjOHCKHOT napoj. riorjiejjHTe 3a mcctoto Ha MaKejxoHCKHOT ja3HK bo HacTaBaTa h bo yneÖHHUHTe ocoöeno jjoaŕaaT jjo H3pa3 bo yneÖHHKapcKaTa rjeJHocT na ľopŕiija Ily.ieBCKH. ľloicpaj yneÖHiiiiH, toj nnuiyBa penHHHH h rpaMaTHKa, na ce npeTcraByBa KaKo cojinnen jiexcHKorpac}) h npaKTHHeH rpaMaTnnap. 80 OnillTA rPAMATMKA HA MAKFJT,OHCKMOT IA3MK npHToa, roj ieMa roTOBH npHMepH oj[ yneÖHHHHTe Ha 3orpacf>CKM H IlIanKapeB h jacHO HarjiacyBa AeKa ce HanHiuaHH Ha MaKeAOHCKHja3HK. yMe6HHH,HTC (pc'iHiiiune) na IlyjieBCKH, hctoTaKa, HMaar eHHiiKJio-ne/j(HCKH KapaKTep, oahocho oa eneH hct yneöiiHK (petiHHK) ce AOÖHBaaT 3HaeH>a oa pa3JiHMHH o6jiacTH. Co BaKBaTa KOHHenunja yiuTe nojacHo ce HarjiacyBa MecTOTO Ha MajnHHuor jajiiK bo o6pa30BaHHeTO, ocoöeHo bo ycBojyBaiteTo na napoAiiaTa jieKCHKa h Ha nayHHaTa TepMHuojiornja. PeMHHHHTe Ha riyneBCKH HMaar 3HaiiaJHa pojrja bo 3601 aryBahbexo Ha JieKCHHKHOT (JDOHA H3 MaKeAOHCKHOT J33HK, He C3MO CO iipeTCTaByiíai-beTO na HapOAHaTa jicklh k a ryxy h co Moume HHxepccuHTe n opnrHHajiHHTe HOBH iöopoBH co KOH yuiTe noBeŔe caKaji Aa ja HarjiacH pa3JiHKaTa Meŕy MaKeAOHCKHOT H COCeAHHTe jaiHHH. 3a pa3JiHKa oa CBOHTe npexxonHHlUi, koh nniiiyBajTe rpaMaTWKH Ha MaKeflOHCKH jaiHK h rn ynoTpeGyBajie bo HacTaBaTa, ho He ycncBa.iie ga rn oöjaßaT, ŕopŕnja nyjießCKH, cenaK,ycneaji AaHane nam eACH acji oaCBojaia rpaMaTHKa, noA Moiiine opHrnna/ien HacxioB CaoIhui^ĺi penoacKa. rpa\ia-THKaTa Ha IlyjieBCKH e jacHa noTBpAa 3a nponecoT Ha oc^opMyBa^e na MaKeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH (cxaHAapAeH) ja3HK. \" y\eon n KiipcKUTü AeJHOCT Ha Topŕiija My icbľkh na MaKC AOHCKH j 83KK ce OABMBa bo Koiri'CKtTOT Ha iiauii()iia.iii()-nojiiiTHiiKaľa oopoa na MaKeAOHCKHOT iiapoA* J A3 M KOT HA MAKE^OHCKHTE HMCATEJIH OA BTOPATA nOJIOBHHA HA XIX BEK MaKeAOHCKHTe nucaTejiH oa BTopaTa nojioBHHa Ha XIX Be k pa3JinnHo ro peniaBajie npamahbeTO 3a janiKOTHahhbhhtc;nirepa rypHH ACJia. Hcto TaKa, Tne HMajie pa3JiHHeH oahoc koh ja3HiniHTe oco6eHocra oa MaKe- AOHCKHOT HapOACH J33HK, K3KO H OA ApVrHTe ja3HUH (upKOBHOCJIOBCHCKHOT, rpHKHOT, ÖyrapCKHOT, CpnCKHOT. pVCKHOT HTH.) BO 3aBHCHOCT OA nOBCKC naABOpeuiHojaiHMnH qbaKTOpH. CenaK, Kaj hub npeoBJiaAyBa CTpeMOKOT Aa nnmyBaaT na cbohtc poAHH roBopn, oahocho Ha 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKOTO Hapenje. Toa e oco6eno KapaKTepHCTHHHo 3a kom ran tu n MnjiaAHHOB, koj CBOHTe necHH rn iniujyBaji Ha poahhot cTpyuiKH roBop, ho BKnynyBajT jařmím ocoöeHOCTH h oa ApyrHTe 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKH roBopii. BcyuiHocT, BHCTHHCKaTa OCHOBa Ha J33HKOT Ha HerOBHTe IieCHH e ja3HKOT Ha M3KC- IIÍMPEHdE HA <ľyHKUHHTE HA HAPOJ1HMOT JA3HK 81 flOHCiOTa napo^Ha noe3HJa. Toj, mcto Taxa, ro ynoTpeövBa cTpyiiiKHOT roBOp h ocoöeHoctm re o a 3anaahomaKeAoncKOTO napenje bo ľlpejiroBOpoT Ha 36opHUKom na napadnu íiecmi n bo Apyrn're ireroBH flejia. 3a pa3JiHKa oa nero, PaJKO )Khh3hc|)ob Tpruaji no Apyr naT h nnuiyBaji noe3HJa cnopeA moactiot 3a eAeH 3aeAHHHKH MaKeAOHCKO-öyrapcKH ja3HK co 3HaMHTejnio BjTHJanne oa pycKHOT ja3HK. M noKpaj Toa, bo neroBOTO Aejio 3HaT-iaJHO MecTo HMaaT ocoöenocTHTe oa MaxeAOHCKHOT napoAeH ja3HK. Toa ocoôeHO Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 bo pacKa30T ľlpoiuedôa, bo koj Awjajro3HTe oôhhho ce nniuyBanH Ha MaKeAoncKH HapoAen jaiHK. H KOHCTaHTHH MHJiaAHHOB H PaJKO >KhH3H(J)OB HMaJie COJ1HAHO qpiiJTOJiouiKO o6pa30BaiiHe aoöhcho na yHHBep3HTeTHTe bo Pycnja. HpHToa, MHJiaAHHoB HHKoram ne ce 0TKa>Kaji oa poahhot roBop h hhkoj ne ycneajT Aa ro pa3y6eAH bo HeroBHTe norjieAH 3a ja3HKOT, a CBoeTo o6pa30Baiine ro cTaBHji bo cjiy»c6a na H3AHrHyBaite na MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK Ha pavtriHiiiTe Ha ja3HK na VMeTiiHHKaTa h Ha naynHaTa jiHTepaxypa. Oa Apyra crparni, Bp3 norjieAHTe 3a jaiHKOT Ha >Khh3H(]3ob BJiHJaHHe H3BpujHJi napTeinij 3orpacJ)CKH, ho h noBefce öyrapcKH noeTH, jwTepaTypHH KpnTHnapn h HayMHHHH, co k oh ÖHJi bo nocrojaH KOHTUKT bo Pycnja. OncaKO AOÖHJi o6pa30BaHne Ha rpnKH ja3HK h rn Hanniuaji Ha rpnKH ja3HK noeMHTe Cepöapoiü h CKendepôe?, ľpiirop ilpjinneB ce oöhach j\a m npenee Ha cboj jasnK, hito OArOBapaji Ha e ach 3aeAHH4KH oniiito-cjiobchckh ja3HK. BcyuiHOCT, toj ce coo6pa3yBaji h m npnabaKaji HAenre 3a cAen BHA cjioBeHCKOecnepaHTO ujto 6h ce ynoTpeoyBa.no kuko janiK Ha HayieTO Ha OBaa 3aMHCJia, toj TprayBa oa cbojot poAeH oxpHACKH roBop H OA 3anaAHOM3KeAOHCKHTe ja3HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH, KaKO H OA HpKOBHOCJTO- bchckhotjasHK. rTpjinneB 6ecnpeKopHO ro ynorpeöyBa oxpnACKHOT roBOp BOnoBeŔe jaBHH Hacrann npeA oxpnŕaHH no pajmi noBOAH. MaKo ja nnniyBa CBOJaTa ABToOHorpaopHJa Ha ja3HK uito e 6jih30k ao GyrapcKHOT, ho co rojieM 6poj u,pKOBHOcjiOBeHH3MH n pycuiMH, npjiHMeB rn nnuiyBa A"ja-jio3HTe Meŕy MaKeAOHLnrre Ha MaKeAOHCKH HapoACH ja3HK. Oa Apyra CTpaHa, MaKeAOHCKHTe nncaxejin oa oboj nepnoA ocTaBHJie bo paKonnc rojieM Opoj jiHTeparypHH ncsia HannniaHH Ha m a k e ao hc k h j a 3 h k . Meŕy hhb ocoÖcho ce H3ABojyBa AeiTioôiiožpacpujaula híí MapKO UeneHKOB, Bpj ocHOBa Ha ja3HKOT Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa HapoAHa npnKa3Ha. Bo BTopaTa nojioenna Ha XIX bck MaKeAOHCKHTe npepoftöeHnnH npcKy CBOHTe tckctobh upak thmiio ja noconynaaT AnjajieKTiiaTa ociiona na ManeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaxypeH jajiik. 82 OniIITA rPAMATHKA HA MAKEflOHCKHOT JA3MK norjTEAHTE HA KPCTE nETKOB MHCHPKOB 3A MAKEAOHCKHOT JÍHTEPATYPEH J A3 M K HacTaH ofl MCTopwcKO ^Ha^ieH.e 3a ocTBapyBan>e Ha H/iejaxa 3a ojijie-jieH MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK e oöjaByßaH^eTO Ha KHHraTa 3a MaKedoni^Kuülepa-ôoiUu (CoípHJa, 1903) OA Kpcxe neTKOB Mhchpkob (1874 - 1926). Bo OBaa k h nra Toj ro npornacyBa yeHütpcuiHOülo mükcoohcko uapenfe 3a jnrrepaTy-pcH m a k e a o h c k h j a 3 h k n ja onpcACJivBa cBOJaxa HaunoHajiHa nporpaMa, bo koj a maBHO mccto h Ma npamaH>eTO 3a MaiKeH>e. McTOBpeMeHO, Taa ja pa30TKpHBa acHMHJiaTopcKaTa nojíHTHKa Ha coceAHHTe 3eMJH naconeHa npOTHB MaKe-AOHCKHOT HapoA h npoTHB MaKeAOHCKHOT jasnieH, KyjiTypeH h eTHHHKH iITHTCT, nocjicAHaTa CTaTHJa bo OBaa xunra hoch HacjioB Hetc&jiHy sôopou sa MaKedoHiiKUôiii AuulepaíUypen jasuK h npeTCTaByBa npB Hay-mo apry-MeHTHpaH, TeopucKH coAHAHO nocTaBeH h npaKTHMHO pajpaöoTeH npoeKT 3a KOAMC^HKaUHJa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT j33hk. Mhchpkob xprHyBa oa ocoöeHocxHxe Ha MaKeAoucíCHox jaSHK bo oahoc Ha ApyrHTe cjtobchckh ja3HUH. Toj ja pa3rjieAyßa HeroßaTa HCTopnja, HeroBaTa npaKTHHHa npHMena bo nncMenocxa, iyHKU,MHTE HA HAPOflHMOT JA3MK 83 Co onpenejiöaTa 3a neHTpa/iHHTe MaKenpHCKH roBopn, MncwpKOB HHCHCTHpa Ha OHHe J33HHHH OCOÖeHOCTH CO KOH M3 KeflOHCKHOT j 33HK HaJMHory ce pa3JiHKyßa OA coceAHHTe cjiobchckh ja3Hu,H. Taxa, bo loroBopox 11 bo iipanonitcoT HHCHCTHpa Ha: - HcnyiiiTafi.e Ha HHTCpBOKa/iHHTe corjiacKH, h Toa Ha b {hock, tkuoüä, söopoii, HOC, üpaei(), na x (dyoiü, Opud), na a (co3ÔauiTt) n ľjjhhho; - cf) HaMecTO nocTapoTo x: ycüeqb; - a h tm H.H n a luij a Ha mckhot H3roBop Ha k h Ha h3 {úpaJK'a, cmaun'e, kouh')\ - rpynaTa iuh (umo, oilum); - rpynuTe crp, 3Ap (bo chtc cjiynaH: cíäped, 3Ôpeji, üpa3ÖHa)\ - HacTaBKaTa h,kh HaMecTO ckh (Mernedornen, 6aAKüHU,KU). Ha mo|)(|)o íoniKii njian HHCHCTHpa Ha: - HacTaBKaTa -t bo TpcTO JTHue eAHHiia ceramno BpcMc: iTipcôiiCä, MUCJiuw, 3hühuü1, Hero h Kaj cf)opMHTe OA noMoiiiHHOT rjiaroji jeiü, ceül). MncHpKOB ro npHc^aKa khphjickoto hhcmo h cocTaBVBa MaiceßOHCKn a3ÖyKa Bp3 coBpeMeiiH npHHinriiH. Bo MaKeAoncKaTaKHpHJiHna toj BOBeAyßa HCKOJiKy h ob h rpaqbeMH: i, k', r', h', ji', co koh Taa ce pa3JTHKyna oa ApyrnTe KHpHJTCKH nHCMa. McTo T3K3, bo corjiacHOCT co OJOHeTCKHOT npaBonHC HHCHCTHpa na 6ene>Ken.e Ha eAHaneH>eTO no 3ByimocT. Bo jicKciiKaia, h ocoöeHO bo 36opoo6pa3ynaibCTO, HHCHCTHpa Ha napo/nia jieKCHKa h na >khbh 3Öopoo6pa3yBaHKH moacjih: öeneM, üpodüAMuaH, oütiiüytwKa h cjihhho. MucHpKOB bo KHHraTa „3a MaKeAOHinkh norjieAHTe 3a oqbopMyBaH>e Ha MaKeAOHcxnoT jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK H npaKTHMHO TH pa3paÖOTH CBOHTe CTaBOBH. HerOBHOT J33HK, BCyiHHOCT, e HOpMHpaH ja3HK H HpeTCTaByBa COJIHflHa OCHOBa 3a AeCJDHHHTHBHOTO HOp- MHpaH>e Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT ja3HK h 3a HeroBaTa KOAH4)HKaH,HJa. MAKEflOHCKMOT JA3MK METY ABETE CBETCKH BOJHM rioAejTÖaTa Ha MaKeAOnnja Meŕy coceAHHTe Ap>KaBH, no öanKaHCKHTe BOJHH, TO OTOKHa OniUTeCTBeHO-KVJITypHHOT H HpOCBeTHO-OÓpaiOBHIlOT >KHBOT h ja ycjTO>KHH ja3HHnaTa CHTyaiiHJa bo MaKeAOHHJa. Oboj hhh hm a noryÖHo 3HaHeH>e 3a MaKeAOHCKHOT napoA- ľlpHToa, bo nepHojjoT Meŕy ABeTe CBeTCKH bojhh bo MaKenoHHJa, bo 33bhchoct oa HeJ3HHaTa noAeJiöa, bo oqbnuHJajiHa ynoTpeöa ce HaMerayBaar jannniTe Ha coceAHHTe ap>k3bh: N4 O M" I UTA rPAMATHKA HA MAKFJTpHCKMOT JA3MK - bo jy»cHHOT fleji (ErejcKa MaKeAOHHJa) — rpHKHOT - bo ceBepHHOT fleji (BapAapCKa MaKeAOHHJa) - cpncKMOT - bo HCTOMHHOT Aeji (IiHpHHCKa MaKeAOHHJa) — ÖyrapcKHOT. Oboj nepHOA ce KapaKTepH3Hpa co acHMHJiaTOpCKa nojiHTHKa Ha coceAHHTe Ap>KaBH koh MaKeAOHHJa h koh MaKeAOHCKHOT napoA. BaKBaTa nojiHTHKa He A03BOJiyBa hhkbkbh npqjaBH Ha MaKeAOHCKoro HaiBioHa/iHo oco3HaBafte, ocoöeHO aoTpneceTTHTe toamhh Ha XX BeK. Oßaa cuT-yauHJa ce noAOÖpyßa bo nepnoAOT oa TpneceTTHTe ao noneTOKOT Ha nerapne- CeTTHTe rOAHHH, HaKO Ce OABHBa BO MOIHHe HenOBOJTHH HCTOpHCKH OKOJI- HOCTH. MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK bo TeKOT Ha uejiHOT oboj nepHOA e 3a6paHeT 3a o(J)HHHJajiHa ynoTpeöa, bo corjiacHOCT co 3aKOHCKHTe aKTH Ha Ap^aBHTe bo iiHJ cocTaB Bjieroa AejioBHTe oa MaKeAOHHJa. McTOBpeMeHo ce BpniH nejiocHo qpajicHcJDHKyBaHje, npeKy npHCBOJyBaH>e (bo cpncie (bo rpHKaTa) Ha MaKCAOHCKarra HaHHOHajma HCTopHJa, JiHTepaTypa h KyjTTypa, na h Ha reorpaqbnjaTa: ce öpHine Aypn m reorpaqbcKOTO HMe MaKeAOHHJa h ce saMenyBa co Jy>KHa Cpönja hjih Bap-AapcKa BanoBHua 3a AeJioT noA cpncKa BjiacT h co CeBepna ľpinija 3a acjiot noA rpHKa BJiacT, AOACKa SyrapcKaTa aAMHHHCTpaHHJa 3a u,ejiaTa Maxe-AOHCKa TepHTopHJa ro ynoTpeöyBajia nMeTO jyro3anaAHa EyrapHJa. HajocTpM MepKH npoTHB MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA ce cnpoBeAyßaaT bo ErejcKa MaKeAOHHJa, bo cocraBOT Ha Tpunja: co 33koh ce 3a6panyBa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK, Aypw w 3a AOMaujHa ynoTpeöa, a Bp3 MaKeAOHin-ľre koh He ro nowryBajie oboj 3axon ce npHMeHyBajie cTporn KasHeHH MepKH. BaKBaTa arpecHBHa nojiHTHKa Ha rpiiHJa ÖHJia nocraßeHa h iipeA ApyuiTBOTO Ha HapoAMTe (HaJBHCOKaTa MeŕyHapoAHa opraHH3au,HJa bo Toa BpeMe). noA THe npHTHCOu,H rpHKaTaBJiaAanpncTanHJiakoh H3iOTByßaH>e 6yKBap no MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK - Aôenedap (1924). Aöenedapoiü coAp>Keji KycH neTHBa na MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK, HaMeHeTH 3a yneHbe Ha a36yKaTa. Bhji HanHinaH na jiepHHCKH roBop, Ha JiaTHHHiia, ho HHKoraui He Hauioji npaKTHMHa npHMena, nopaAH oTiiopor na rp'iKinc BJiacTH. M noKpaj Toa, A6ei{edapoiü 3HaiiH oo^HijHJajiHO npH3HaBan>e Ha MaKeAOHCKOTO HacejieHHe h Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK, ocoÖeHO npeA MerynapoAHaTa jaBHOCT. npaujaHieTO 3a OTBopai^e MaKeAOHCKH ynHjiniHTa bo TpuHja noB-Topno öhjio aKTyajiH3Hpano bo 1935 roAHHa, ho He 6hjio penieno bo nojna Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA- UIMPEIfcE HA OYHKUHHTE HA H APO AH MOT JA3MK 85 Bo AeJTOT oa MaKeAOHHJa, bo cocTaBOT Ha KpajicTBOTO Ha CpÖHTe, XpBaTHTe h CjiOBeHH,HTe (noAOHHa npcHMeHyBaHo bo KpajicTBo Jyro-cnaBHJa), bo 0iJ)HHHJaJiHa ynoTpeöa 6hjt HaMeraaT cpncKHOT (oahocho cpncKoxpBaTCKHOT ) J33HK. Toj ÖHJ1J33HK Ha aAMHHHCTpaHHJara, Ha o6pa-30B3HHeTo, h ce npHMeHyBan bo CHTe oÖJiacTH Ha jaBHaTa KOMynHKannja. MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK 6hji cBeAeH Ha AwjajieKT 3a AOMamHa ynoTpeöa. H noKpaj Toa, MaxeAOHCKHOT jaSHK Haoŕa CBOJa noH3AHrHaTa ynoTpeöa noA cJDopMa Ha pernoHajiHa JTHTepaTypa. MaKeAOHCKHOT J33HK cTaHyBa J33HK Ha TeaTapcKaTa cneHa: ce nnniyBaaT h ce H3BeAyßaaT ApaMH Ha MaKeAoncKH ja3HK. Oßaa (j)opMa ce coo6pa3yBajia co TeaTapcKaTa TpaAHiinja Aa ce mnuyBaaT h crieHCKH Aa ce H3BeAyBaaT o^ojtkjiophh ApaMH Ha HapoAeH roBop Ha noBCKe TeaTapcKH cue h h bo ToraiHHa JyrocjiaBHJa. Oßaa aKTHBHOCT bo MaKeAOHHJa 3anoLiHyBa co RpaMaTaJlenne KyMauoene (1928), noAOHHa npeHMeHyBaHa bo Beža/iKa, OA BacHji II i.ocKH, HanniiiaHa na KyMaHOBCKH roBop, ho e no3a6ejie>KHTejiHa co H3BeAyB3H>eTO Ha ApaMaTa UenaAÖapu oa Ahtoh Hanou Ahtoh rianoB npBO ro Hanniiiaji cbojot tckct Bp3 ocHOBa Ha cbojot poAeH AojpancKH roBop, ho BeAHaui noToa ja3HMHO ro npepaôoTHJi Ha 3anaAHOMaK6AOHCKO Hapenje. Co Toa ce coo6pa3HJi co BocnocraBeHara npaKTHKa Ha H3AHraH,e Ha 3anaAHOMaKeAOHCKoro Hapenje Ha paMHHHrre Ha J33HK Ha jiHTepaTypaxa. Ha OBHe 3ajio>k6h ce naAOBp3yßa h Pmcto Kpjie co ApaMaTa JlapuCue ce ouieuyaiiHKa, uito ja Hannuiaji na 3anaAHOMaKe-Aohcko HapeMJe Bpi ocHOBa Ha cbojot poAeH cTpyuiKH roBop. OßHe ApaMH ro pa3ABH»cyBaaT KyjiTypHHOT >khbot bo MaKeAOHHJa Meŕy ABeTe cbctckh bojhh h ja aapnpMnpaaT ynoTpeöaTa Ha m3kcaohckhot ja3HK. Hcto TaKa, bo JiHTCpaTypHHTe cnHcaHHJa thto H3JieryBaaT bo CKonje Ha cpncKoxpBaTCKH ja3HK noBpeMeno ce nenaTaT JiHTepaTypHH npHJi03H Ha MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK. KnH^eBHH npojaBH Ha MaKeAOHCKH j33hk ce ocTBapyBaaT h bo noe3HJaTa. Toa ocoöeHO Aoaŕa ao H3pa3 co oöjaByßaifceTo Ha BeJiu uyzpu (1939) oa Komo PauHH. Co H3XieryBaH>eTO Ha oßaa KHHra, ocJ3HHHJa;inaTa jyrocjiOBeHCKa aAMHHHCTpauHJa acc|)hhhthbho ce coowna co noAaTOKOT AeKa MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK AO^KHByBa eMaHHHnaHHJa na JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. PauHHOBHTe Eejiti Myipu ja iannpernie yjioi a Ha 3anaAHOMaKe-AOHCKOTO Hapenje, ocoöeHO Ha nein pa.mii ic ronopn, kiiko ohioiui 3a MaKeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH (cTaiiAapACii) ja íhk. 86 OniUTA rPAMATHKA HA MAKFftOHCKHOTJA3HK FIojaBaTa Ha jiHTeparypHH neu a Ha MäKenoHCKH ja3HK, hcto TaKa, e KapaKTepHCTHHHa 3a AeJHOcra Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa eMHrpannja bo ByrapHJa. Bo ByrapHJa MaKejioHCKHOT ja3HK e jaöpaHeT 3a oqbHiiHJanHa ynoTpeÖa, a acHMHjiaTopcKaTa nojTHTHKa Ha Eyrapnja HMajia nejí na ro yHHiiiTH MaKenoHCKHOT HaiuioHajreH HjíeHTHTeT. Bo oboj nepHon TlnpHHCKa MaKeflOHHJa npeTCTaßyßana rjiyBa npOBHHUMJa bo cocraBOT Ha 6yrapcKarra AP>K3Ba. MaKenoHCKMOT KyjirypeH jkhbot bo Byrapiija noaŕa no H3pa3 npeKy aKTHBHocTa Ha MaKenoHCKaTa eMHrpainija bo Coobuja, opramrinpaHa npeKy Ma kc n on CK hot nHTeparypen KpyjKOK. Meŕy no3HaHaJHHTe khh>kcbhm nojaBH on oboj nepnon ce H3nBOJyBaaT noeTCKHTe 36npKH on Kojie HenejiKOHCKH: M'cküihuui (1940) h Fleui üo ceeiäow. (1941), HanniuaHH Ha 3ananHOMaKenoHCKO Hapenje Bp3 ocHOBa Ha BeneuiKHOT roBop. JlHTepaTypHHTC Aejia Meŕy ABeTe cbctckh bojhh jaciio ja noTBpnnja impo/tiiaia ociiOBa Ha m;iko aohckho i ja shk. KOAHOMKAUMJA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JTHTEPATYPEH (CTAHAAPAEH) JA3HK Ko;uH|>iiKumi|a e «m|>iiiuiju.iiio <>3aKOH>nan.e Ha JiHTepaTypHHOTjajiik h Ha iieiOBa t a ynoTpeöa bo iipak tiiku ra. Taa ontyaKa CHCTeMaTH3ainxja Ha 3anoj]äht-ejiHH ja3Hnnn npannna h yTBpnyBaHie Ha 3anoji>KHTenHa ja3HHHa nopMa. KonnapHKanHJaTa e 3HanaeH hhh bo HCTopHJaTa na enen napon h ce noBp3yBa co peuiaBaMKHTe HacTaHH co koh ce 3aoKpy»cyBa np^aBHOcra Ha cAHa onniTCCTBeHa iaeAHHua. KoAHrjpHKaHHJaTa Ha MaKCAOHCKHOT jasHK e noBpiana co cjicahhbc HCTOpHCKH HacTaHH: - co penieiiMeTO Ha npBOTO 3acenaHHe Ha ACHOM (2 aBrycT 1944) 3a BOBenyBaH^e Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT KaKo cnyjKÖeH ja3HK bo MaKenoHCKaTa Ap>K3Ba; j - co oabnuHJanHOTo ycBojyBaH»e Ha MaKeAOHCKaTa a30yKa; - co oq^HHHJanHOTO ycBOJyBan.e Ha mbkcaohckhot npaßonnc. MaKeAOHCKaTa ap>k3bhoct ce 3aqBpcTyBa co HcropHCKHTe peiiienHJa 11 a npBOTO 3aceAaHHe Ha ACHOM. Meŕy THe pemenHJa oa ocoöeHO 3naiieH,e e PeiiienHeTO 3a BOBeAyBaae Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaTypen jasHK KaKo cjiy>K6eH bo MaKeAOHCKaTa ap>K3Ba: UJHPElbH HA «yHKUMMTE HA HAPOHHMO T JA3MK 87 2 aezycui 1944 PEUJ EHME Ha AuiuuqbatuucKotuo codpantte na napodiiouio ocAoóodyeibe na MátcedoHiija 3a 3aBedyewe na MciKedoHCKiioui júsuk kqko cjiyoKÓen jú3iiK go MaKedoHCKaiua dpMaea. lIa. I Bo MaKedoHCKciuia ópMciua kciko cAyMÚen ja3UK ce aáeedye inipodltUOlU MClKCdOHCKU JU3UK. Ha. 2 Osa petuemie ejiežye eednaža eo CUM. Bo MMuacwupow. „ C&. ouieu, Upoxop TIhuwcku " na MAiinden 2 ciBŽycui 1944 žod. 3a AniuiiqbaiuucKomo coúpanue na napoduoulo ocjio6odyc>h>e na MaKedoHitja. Hcto TaKa, npe3njiHyMOT na ACHOM, Katco HaJBncOKO toho na MaKenoHctcaTa np>KaBa, bo HoeMBpH 1944 roAHHa Ha3HanHji KOMHCHJa cocTaBena ojx MaKeflOHCKM c[)hjtojio3h h oa onniTecTBeHH Aejun kom rpeSajio Aa noAHecaT npeA-nor 3a aióyKa m 3a npaBonHc Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jajiiK. npBarra KOMHCHJa He m oqbopMHJia nejiocHO cbomtc CTaBOBH, na, co H3BecHH H3MeHM bo cocTaBOT Ha KOMHCHjaTa, npamaifceTo 3a a36yKaTa m 3a npaBoiíMcoT ce peumrio bo Maj 1945 roAMHa. 3aeAHO co oBa upauiaihe, Mjie-noBHTe na KoMHcnjaTa pa3rjreAajie noBeKe npamaH>a oa ocoOeno 3HaHen,e 3a odbopMyBaFbeTO Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaTypeH ja3HK. FlpHToa, ce nocra-BHJie cjieAHHBe npHHUHiiH: 1. Bo MaKedoHCKUoul Aituiepaúlypeu ja3UK uipeóa da ce ycuuiHoeaui omie qbopMU od ueHutpaAHume zoeopu uiiuo bo uajžo/ieM cmeiien ke tu uo&p3aiu cuiue naiuu žoeopu u ke úudaitt jiccho upueMJiueu 3a Ayíeiuo od cuuíe naiuu Kpauuiiua. 2. Bo MaKedoHCKUoul Autuepautypen ja3UK iupeča do najžoneM cuieuen da ce U3pa3u Hežoeatua napodna ocuoea. PennuKoiu ua AuiuepaiTiypuuoíU ja3UK da ce oóožaulyea co 36opoeu od cuiue uauiu dujajieKulu, da ce U3zpa-dyeaaul uoeu 36opoeu co otcueu uacuiaeKU, u caMO koakv mulo e uoutpeono da ce yceojyeaaui u íuyzu 3aeMKu. CeKpeiuap. JbyúoMiip H. Apcos, c.p. npeiucedaiue.a, Meutodu AndoHoe H entito, c.p. 88 OniIITA ľPAMATMKA HA MAKHflOHCKHOTJA3HK 3. MuKcôoHCKauÁu asôyKa Cüpcna da öude cociüaeena od lüoakv 6yK6U KOfihcy luiüo umü iMicoeu eo AiiiUepaülypnnofU jasuK. Upaeoüucoiü da ce ujpaöoiüu ep3 qboHeütcKiioiTi üpmtnuü. (Bjia^ie KoHecKH, FpaMaTHKa Ha MaKeßOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK, KyjTTypa, Ckonje, 1982, crp. 56) KoMHCHJaTa 3a a36yxa h npaBonnc bo AccpHHHTHBHa dpopMa rn cJDOp-MyjTHpajia CBOHTe ct3BObh bo Pe30JiyuHJa, AOHeceHa Ha 3 Maj 1945 ro/uina. Taa e ycBoeHa na 5 Maj 1945 rojiHHa oa HapoAHaTa BJia^a Ha MaKefloiiHJa. npaBonncoT Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT jajHK e nporjiacen na 7 jymi 1945 roAHHa. KoAH(|)HKa[injaTa Ha mbkcaohckhot JiHTepaTypeH (cTaHAapAen) ja3HK, BcyiimocT, ro yTBpAyßa n ro ojaKOHyßa >khboto 36opyBaiBe na MaKeAOHCKH HapoAeH ja3HK, Kaico h aKTHBHaTa MaxeAOHCKa nncMeHa ripaxTHKa. Taa TprHyBa oa o6eAHHyßaLiKaTa h oa KyjiTypHaTa qpyiiKHHJa Ha JiHTeparypHHOT ja3HK. McTOBpeMeHo, npeTCTaßyßa CBecen h oneKyßaH pe3yjiTaT na 3a-jiox&WTQ Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT HapoA 3a HeryßaBbe Ha HapoAHwoT ja3HK h 3a neroBO H3AHrHyBan>e na paMHHiuTe na JiHTepaTypen (cTaiiAapAen) ja3HK. BřiKa ocMHCJieHa, Taa ja ojiecHyßa CTaHAapAH3aiiHJaTa Ha ja3HHHaTa HopMa h HeJ3HHOTO 6p30 npucpakaKbe bo cHTe oöjiacr« Ha ocpHHHJajiHaTa ynoTpeöa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK. K(>AHc|)HKauHJaTa na MakLioiiiKinn unepaiypeii ja nih ja OApa3Vßa MiiKeAOHCKa'ra ja {ii'iiia npaKTiiKa. Y Jl Or AT A IIA EJIA>KE KOHECKH BO KOAHOHKAUHJATA HA MAKEAOHCKHOT JTHTEPATyPEH (CTAHAAPAEH) JA3HK Bjia>Ke KoHCCKH (1921-1993) HMa 3HanaeH npHAOHec 3a koahc^h-KaiiHJaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH ja3HK h 3a cTaHAapAHiaiinjaTa Ha inTcpaTypHoja3HHHaTa HopMa. Bo nepHOAOT Ha KOAHCpHKauHJaTa Ha MaxeAOHCKHOT ja:niK (1944-1945), Ejia>Ke KoHecKH HMa 3HaiiajHa yjiora bo ripouecHTe Ha cpyHKHHOHHpařbe Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jaiHK bo npaKTHKaTa, h Toa co noBeíce TpyAOBH 3a pa3-jiHHHH npamaita oa JiHTepaTypHoja3HiiHaTa HopMa, co cbocto noeTCKo TBOpeiHTBO H CO IipeßOßHaTa jiHTcpaTypa. YjioraTa na Bna^ce KonecKH ocoßeno Aoaŕa ao njpaj bo acpnpMa-HiijaTa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH jajiiK bo HayKaTa 3a jas&KOT. Bo toj norjieA, oa necoMHen npHAOHec e H3Aaßan>eTO Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT npaBonne 1IIMPEH>E HA *yHK.UMMTE HA HAPOflHMOT JA3MK 89 Bjia^e KoHecKH e aBTOp h Ha o6eMH3Ta ľpaMauluKa na MüKßdoH-CKuoäl AtiüiepaülypeH jo3UK I-Il (1952-1954). TparviaTHKaTa Ha Kohcckh e cocraBeHa ofl flBa flena. Bo BOBenpT Ha npBHOT flexi ce pa3pa6oTeHH npauiaH>a ofl pa3BOJOT Ha MaxenpHCKHOT nncMeH ja3HK bo MaKeflOHHJa, co noceöeH ocBpx Bp3 HaJ3HaiaJHHTe MOMeHTM Ofl pa3BOJOT H3 COBpeMCHHOT MaKCflOHCKH jinrepaTypeH ja3HK. npBHOT flexi ofl rpaMaTHKaTa ro oncj)3k3 flexiot 3a zAacoeuiüe, bo koj e onHuiaH rjiacoBHHOT cHCTeM Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK, h nejiOT 3a aKUfiH-üloüj, bo koj e HpeTcraBeH KapaKTepoT Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT aKueHT. BTopHOT fleji Ofl rpaMaTHKaTa hoch iiacxioB 3a cpopMuiue u mienama yüoiüpeöa. Bo oboj fleji ce onniuaHH 3ÖopoBHHrre rpyrni bo MaKeflOHCKHOT ja3HK, flafleH e nperxtefl Ha (£>opMHTe, hhbhoto o6pa3yBaü.e, a ocoöeHo BHHMaHHe e nocBeTeHO Ha ynoTpeÔaTa Ha (£>opMHTe. I pávia nika i a na KoiiecKH lipu joiiei viui 3a 3auBpc r\ naii>c ua míikc-floiiCKaTa .unii Biui iriKii iepMimo lonija m ja npcTcraii} mi ociioeaTa Ha coBpeivieHaTa MaKenoHcna nayKa 3a ja3HKOT. Bjiaace Kohcckh, hcto TaKa, e h penaKTOp Ha PenHHKOT Ha MaKe-floHCKHOT xíHTepaTypeH ja3HK bo TpH TOMa (1960-1965). Oboj peiiHHK oflnrpa 3HanaJHa ynora bo npaKTHHHaTa npHMeHa Ha MaKeflOHCKHOT JiHTepaTypeH j33hk. TeKCTOBHTe UJTO cjieflyBasT noflojry ja HJiycrpHpaaT ynoTpeöa'm h3 MaKeflOHCKHOT HSpOfleH j33hk BO BTOp3T3 HOJ10BHH3 Ha XIX BeK BO pa3JiHMHH oöjiacTH Ha oniiiTetbe: bo ivieŕyccÔHOTO oiiiirreibe: a) eo ceMejciUöoiüo: — Bpaíuu žo násad. — KaKOoo! — TaKa. — Jac žo Kyüiiqb u hcmü da zo epaüiaM. — JacHßMa da zo hocüm. (IipjiHMeB, ABTOÖHorpaqbHJa) ô) eo pa3JiuHHii oüiuiüeciiieemi cuüiyaifuu: — CüKaiu da ceduiu y hoc, da tue InedaM küko cuh? — CatcaM. — Co AndpoHiiKa moj tce xoduiu na ynuAUume, co než o Ke ce epaumaiu, co nežo Ke pyiaiu, co neio Ke cüueui u üoneKoza Ke žo y num. (Flp/THHeB, ABTOOHorpaqbnja) 90 OniIITA rPAMATMKA ha M AKFJIOHCKWOT jA3MK e) eo oüiiiüiuHiiiäe: He MOMe da oudeül dpy? den üo3zodeu 3a nac out cezaumuoG wo eciü oiü celauiHume epeMUhbu. (Bone/ten 360p na OriHJTOnapojiHOTO BOHpejrjio coöpaHHe Ha npHJiencKaTa onuiTHHa Ha 28 janyapn 1872 r.) I) eo Haciüaßaiüa: - küko BTop jaiHK bo iiaciaitaia Ha Apyrn ja tunu: kho Ha Haine HapeLiHe, ĽIMPEHjE HA *y h KLIMMTE HA HAPOJJHMOT JA3MK 91 3aMecTBajkH oHMe penu, kom ja h hc 3HaM co ÖJirapcKii. lllqo na ce hhhht HjiaKa, ßecnoTel Ha me bo HapeMwe, Kora mojkcjio na ^HKTHpaT Ha jipyrHTe cjiaBJaircKM napenna, ocTaHajro najcnpOMamtko, m Kao nocTHO nHTan, na cnpy>KBHT paKa öhjio na ÖJirapcxoTo, 6mjto Ha cpncKOTO na nypH h na PycKOTo! ...Jla He ce jiaxHiu, flecnore, h a lui o h a j i h h ot ;ryx y MaKenoHwa no TaKBo nepefljKe neHCCKa e CTHrnaji, ľutoto h caM Mncyc XpncToc aKo cJie3HT ojx HeöoHo He MOacHT na ro yBepHT MaKe/ioHeua, oth toj je ÖJTrapHH hjbh cpöHH... (IIhcmo on Tcmko TlonoB, HJieH na JTo3apHTe) CjienHHOT H3BanoK on yneÖHHKOT KpaiľiKa cejaumtena ucüiopuja na eeiTixo- u Hoeo3aeeiüHaiüa i^pKoe (1857) on flapTeHHJ 3orpa<{)CKH ro oSjacHVßa oahocot Ha OapTeHHJ 3orpac})CKu cnpeMa j33hkot Ha HacrasaTa bo MaKenoHCKHTe yHHJiHHJTa, Bpj ocHOBa na: - ynoTpeöaTa Ha MaKenoHCKHOT HaponeH ja3HK bo yne6 jih kot (noMom: ujjkog ce ynoTpeöyßa bo oxpHncKHOT roBOp, ünezaeiuiüu bo noBeice 3ananHOMaKenoHCKH roBopii...); - 3ano3HaBaH>eTo Ha yneHHttHTe co rjpKOBHocJioBeHCKaTa jieKCHKa (Bp3 npHMepOT Koenez) h ynoTpeöaTa Ha u,pKOBHocJioBeHH3MMTe uooejienue - n03BOJia, UCMOHHUK ~ H3B0p, k3k0 h nanOKliaxa cJ)OpMa McÜAUHHOMy Božy); - ynoTpeÖaTa Ha 3ÖopOBH on npyrn ja3HLiH {kojuio, Kojaiüo on öyrapcKHOT h KJhyn on cpncKHOT, OBne co 3HaneH>e 'H3Bop'). Hoe 3ede oül Boža üped üomoüoül üoeejienue 3a da naüpauiü žosieM Kopaö, Kojiüo e Cejatuiuenoulo üucanue ce eimaül Koene?. u Kojiüo üipeöeuie da e/ieseui üloj, wenaüla My u üipout^aüla cuhoöu Hezoeu c MeHUÜle um. Hoe, enezaeiuiüu ß Koenezoía, 3côe co cede oül ülue MUßoÜiHii mülo ne mojkcuTi da Muaejaüi so eoda, oül ceicoj pod üo dee. Tlo üleja xeaülii da epneül et t jich doM öecüpecülaHHo Heülupueceül dnu u nemupiieceul noiuülu. Oceen me ja citiTte üodseMuu ucmoHHUuti u KJbyHCßu ce p036p3aet tt eodauta. Kojauto oül nac na nač ce Kpeeauie ítožope, üoutoüu najüoc/ie citiTie j&ydu u 3ßepoeu. B me ja epcMC i{pKOßü~iu EoMuja ce coxpanu a ceMejcüleoiäo Hoeao, Koeüio ce KjiaHituue HcmunnoMy Bozy. 92 OmiJTA rP A M ATM K A HA M AKF. AO H CK MOT JA3MX H3AHrHyiíaii.eTO na MaKeAOHCKHOT ja3HK Ha paMHHurre Ha ja3HK na HayHHaTa JíHTepaxypa ce noKaxyBa h Bp3 npHMepOT Ha Bozomuiuiüe oa Koho PaniiH: BozoMUJiume — KpatüKü pacüpaQa oiü ucülopuaüia Maxedonaai — II HaJAecuo ke ce pcuöepe öoIoMUAciüöoiüo ciko ce pa3Z~neda nezoeaiüa penuzuosna jaiÜKCi. EozoMUAcüleoülo cu öeutepenuzuosiw üienenue, ho Me3Öpeiüo My 6euie cou.uüaho. Hyiwu iüoea zu muhü paMKUüie na edna eepcKa ccKüta u ce paiuupu küko napodno, luiüom zu 3acpana eKOHOMCKO-KyjiiüypHuiüe nyMÖu na napodoüi. 3a da ce ÜOJaeU, ÖOZOMllACiÜßOiÜO UMÜlLie ŽOneMU eKOHOMCKO-ÜOAUÜlUHKU üpitHUHu: ce iíozoacmo 3ažpa6yeH>e hü 3e.MJaiüa na ceAanuiüe oiü ciüpaua na qbeydaAnaiüa u npKoenaüla apucüioKpai{uja, ce iiozoacmu HäMeöiu oiü dpMcteaüla, a oiü dpyza ciüpana, MopaAHOülo u üoauüauhko üadawe na üTtua uiiüo öAadeene, ocoöeuo MopaAHoiüo üadahbe eo OHitme na Hapodoiü na npKoenama apuciüOKpaiuija. (MC3Öpe - cpi^eeuna, ocnoea; nynKii - öuöeJKu) 3a BpeMe Ha BTopaTa CBeTCKa BOJHa bo MaKeAOHHJa H3neryBajie HaA 50 pa3JIHnHH BeCHHHH Ha MaKeAOHCKH ja3HK. Ja3HHHHTe OCOÖeHOCTH BO cjieAHHBe npHMepH oa MaKCAOHCKH/re bcchhhh oa oboj nepHOA CBeAonaT 3a BHCOKHOT CTeneH Ha ycoBpmeHocT Ha HapoAHHOT ja3HK: MaKedoHCKCi HaUfiionanna ceec u yceA^a 3a ocAoöodyeatbe üojaeyje ce üpuAunno donno y oôhoc na öpyiu komwujcku napodu. (oa BecHHKOT „JJeAO MßaH", 15 cenreMBpH 1941, KyMaHOBO) ľoAeMa öydnociü iüpeöa eo 6y p hu We epcMiina Koža c e numam ped cydôonocHU dožapaju u ce peumeaul cydôunama na MüAuiüe Uopoôenu napodu. (HapOAen rjiac, 6p 4 oa 12 anpHJi 1942, OpHjien) Ja3HH:HHTe ocoôchocth Ha cjieAHHTe MaKeAOHCKH tckctobh oa 1945 Ao 1950 co coBpeMeHaTa ja3HMHa Hopivra th HjrycTpnpaaT pa3jiHKHTe bo ja3HHHaTa HopMa Ha MaKeAOHCKHOT jiHTepaxypeH ja3HK. CnopeAH. UJHPEH>E HA tpYHKUHHTE HA HAPOJIHMOT JA3MK 93 i PEU1EHHE 3a npaeonHCOT Ha MaxeaOHCKHOT jaanK Ha ocmobshhc i/i. 6 k ľ oa 3akuhot hs HapOAitara b/tsas Ha MaKe^onHJa, a Ha ripea-ror Ha KonncHJaTa 3a jasHK h npa-BonKC npw MHHHCTepcTBOTo na HapoÄHara npocseia, MHHHCTepOT Ma HapojiHaTa npocaeia ro acmecye c/iejmoro P E ÜJ E H H E i». i MaiceAOHCKHOT npaBoriHC, npejuoweH oa KOMHCHJara sa jasHK h npaBonuc npH Mhhhctépctboto Ha HapcxsHara npocnera, ce npHCvta Kaiío o(pnnHa/ieH tipaBonnc Hctmot ke ce OTneyaTH bo saceÖHH khhujkh, Kano Hajiatte Ha MHHHCTepcTBoro hb HapottHaxa npoceeTa. Ha. 2. Oßa peujCHHe a^erye no CH^ia co aeHOT na oßjaByeniero CKonje, 7 VI 1945 ro^. MuHHCTep kb ripocaeiaia H. MHHiťh. c. p 2. KaKo ce oôpa3yaT rjiacoMfé řípu n3ÄHUJyefbeTo 6ejinTe uwrepH ce CTeraar h ro ací^p-jfyai B03ÄyxoT. Bo3ayxoT H3/iérye npefcy jxyiu hukot, rpaoio n ycTaTa Haaaop. Bo ropHMOT xen na ayuiHHKOT noa „AaawoBOTo jaöoaKO" ce HajayaT ase HaGpaHH kowmmkm — raacnaKH. Twe oa, BoaayxoT saTpenepyaT n oa hhbhoto Tpenepefce ce o6pa3ye rnac, koj ujto bo ycTara ao6nBa hoaHO o0opiviyeibe KaKo tskob. Ho mo)Ke aa nocTaHe raac h Öe3 rpenepei-be na rJiacMJiKKTeH cawo co opraHHTe bo ycTaTa, ho toj fee 6wae ne3ByweH. (Kpyisie KenecKH, MciKedoncKa žpaMaCuuKa, 1947) 3. MAKEßOHCKHOT JA3HK BO HAIÍIMTE CPEflHH YHHJIHWTA HacCüaeaüla äo MäKedoucKu ja3UK eo namume cpednu yHUJiumrna eo üpeuüXe zoduHu üo oc/iooodyeawemo imauie žojicm 6poj HebocüXaiüouu üopaöu HeMahbeiüo Ha culpynna cüpeMa u ucKycmeo eo paöoiäaiüa na üpebaeamime. Ho deuecKa eeke zo/ieM deA od meuiKOüXuuüle uuüo ce epekaeaa ce äpeÔpodenu u ne kou nebocmaülouu, omK/ioneülu, üXaKa uiüio ce cekaea žoneMo üoöoöpyeahbe. (Pajja YrpHHOBa, MaKeaoHCKHOT ja3HK bo HauiHTe cpeßHH yHHJiHiuTa, MäKedoucKu JC13UK, BHJiTeH Ha KaTeirpaTa 3a MaKei^OHCKH jajHK, 6p. 1, 1950 roß.)