X. Etruscan and Roman Art The Material Culture of the Ancient Italic Peninsula, Between Local and Global DU1701 Periods of Art History I: from Prehistory to Trajan Adrien Palladino, M.A., Ph.D. Terracotta head of a woman, c. 525–500 BCE / NewYork, MET Bronze statuette of a woman, late 6th century BCE / NewYork, MET Sarcophagus of the Spouses, late 6th century BCE, terracotta, with traces of polychromy Rome, Villa Giulia, Museo Nazionale Etrusco Sarcophagus of the Spouses, late 6th century BCE Louvre, Paris Tomb of the Triclinium, Necropoli dei Monterozzi (Tarquinia) c. 470 BCE Carved amber piece of a fibula, c. 500 BCE Metropolitan Museum, New York Pyxis with sphinx-shaped lid, c. 650–625 BCE, ivory, 14,1 x 10,5 x 10,4 cm Walters Art Museum, Baltimore Cinerary urn, end of the 2nd, early 1st century B.C., alabaster, production of Volterra, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco,Vatican Cinerary urn ofThanaVipinei Ranazunia, 2nd century B.C., terracotta, Metropolitan Museum, NewYork Mars of Todi, late 5th – early 4th century BCE, found at Todi, votive offering? Museo Etrusco Gregoriano, Vatican Chimera of Arezzo, probably part of a larger bronze ensemble (fight of Bellerophon with the Chimera?), votive offering?, 78,5 x 129 cm, c. 400 BCE Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Florence 21 April 753 BCE: Mythical Foundation Date of Rome 509 BCE: Expulsion of the last king of the gens Tarquinia, kings of Etruscan Origins, Tarquinius Superbus So-called Capitoline wolf, bronze, cast between 1021–1153 CE – twins added in the 15th century / Musei Capitolini, Rome Panel from an altar dedicated Mars andVenus. marble, end of the reign of Trajan (98-117AD), from Ostia / Rome, Palazzo Massimo alleTerme sulcus primigenius Relief from Aquileia, 1st century CE / Archeological Museum,Arquileia Aeneas escaping Troy, carrying his father Anchises and leading his son Ascanius (Iulius), terracotta, 1st century CE, from Pompeii Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Publius Vergilius Maro (c. 70–19 BCE) composing the Aeneid (29–19 BCE) surrounded by the Muses Clio and Melpomene, mosaic, 3rd century CE, Hadrumetum (Sousse, Tunisia) Tunis, Bardo Museum The Roman Republic Vast expansion of the Roman domination Assimilation, adaptation, or rejection of local and global material cultures Capitoline Brutus, part of a bronze honorific statue, around 300 BC / Rome, Musei Capitolini L’arringatore, bronze statue of a politician from Perusium (Perugia), first quarter of the first century BC / Florence, Museo archeologico Bronze bust of Scipio the African (Africanus), mid 1st century BCE, from the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum / Naples, Museo Archeologico Head of old man, marble, mid-1st century BCE / Rome, MuseiVaticani So-called Patrizio Torlonia, sometimes believed to be Cato the Elder, marble, 1st century AD copy of an original of 80-70 BC / Rome, CollezioneTorlonia Verism Veristic portraiture Imperial Rome 27 BC, first princeps, or imperator, Gaius Octavianus, known as Augustus (r. 27 BC – 14 AD) First period: pax romana, with a series of great emperors like Vespasian, Trajan, Hadrian etc… from Augustus to Severus (193–211) Roman visual language, with the figure of the emperor become a major theme Augustus Prima Porta, marble, heighth: 2,08 m, 1000 kg, later than 20 BC, probably between 15– 29AD /Vatican, MuseiVaticani Augustus portrait of the Prima Porta type, early 1st centuryAD / Paris, Musée du Louvre Doryphoros (Spear bearer), copy of a greek original,Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum, original c. 450–440 BC, ca. mid 1st c. BC to 79 AD (Roman copy) / Naples, Museo Archeologico Nazionale Doryphoros, 120–50 BC?, mi-Augustean period? (Roman copy) /Minneapolis Institute ofArt Caelus Sol Tellus (Terra Mater) Diana Restitution of the Roman eagle by the Parthian king to a Roman figure Apollo Aurora and Luna? Pax Romana? Female personification: Germania?Female personification: which province? Gemma Augustea, 9–12AD, 19 x 23 cm, sardonyx / setting with gold and gilded silver: 17th century, Kunsthistorisches Museum,Wien, Inv.-Nr. IXa 79 Augustus as Jupiter, Roman marble, c. 1st centuryAD Sculpture of Jupiter Tonans (Thundering Jupiter/Jove), reflection of the statue venerated in theTemple of JupiterTonans, vowed in 26 BC byAugustus, 1st centuryAD copy / Madrid, Museo del Prado Jupiter/Zeus of Otricoli, roman copy of an original from the 4th century BC (?) /Vatican Museums, Pio Clementino, Inv. 257 Temple of Gaius and Lucius Cesar (grandsons of Augustus), Maison carrée, Nîmes, c. 2 AD Parthenon, 447–432 BC Sculpted relief depicting a pediment with the sacred Capitoline triad: Jupiter (center), Juno (left), and Minerva (right). Castor and Pollux at the edges (Dioscuri). Museo Nazionale, Rome (collections of the Universita' di Roma), 2nd century CE CapitolineTriad, c. 160–180 AD / Guidonia Montecelio, Museo Civico Archeologico