PSYCHOTHERAPY
AND
COUNSELLING
Petr Grossmann
DEFINITION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
• Way of helping people using psychological means
• Dialogue
• Relationship
• Special techniques(hypnosis, suggestion, imagination etc.)
• The definition varies up to the psychotherapeutic method/school
• Psychotherapist x client or patient
• Psychotherapeutic training
D EFI NI TI ON
OF
COUNS ELLI NG
• Counselling is a safe and confidential
collaboration between
qualified counsellors and clients to
promote mental health and wellbeing,
enhance self-understanding, and resolve
identified concerns. (American
Counselling Association)
• Rogers: the counseling relationship is
comprised of: Warmth, responsiveness &
unconditional positive regard. ... Once a
relationship has been built, the client will
feel free to express any emotion or
thought.
• History of counselling – Carl Rogers
HISTORY OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
• 1900 Sigmund Freud
• Born in 1856 in Příbor (Freiberg) in the North of Moravia (today part of Czech Republic,
in the 19th century it was a part of the Austrian Empire
• Neurologist and psychiatrist
• Started with Hypnosis and Catartic therapy
• Method of free associations and their analysis – psychoanalysis
• Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Anna Freud and others enriched the theory
• New methods and therapeutic approaches appeared as reaction to PA
PSYCHOTHERAPY
APPROACHES
• Psychodynamic (psychoanalysis, jungian)
• Behavioral (CBT, CET)
• Humanistic (PCA, Gestalt, logotherapy)
HOW IT
WORKS
• Effective or curative factors of
psychotherapy (L. Luborski)
• Extratherapeutic factors
• Helping relationship
• Empathy
• Acceptance
• Genuineness
• Special techniques
• Setting (individual, group, frequency,
lasting)
• Contract