LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to 1. Explain how to write your Chinese name; 2. Say where you were born and grew up; 3. Discuss the pros and cons of living on and off campus; 4. Express politely a dissenting opinion. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— • How do people talk about the origins of their names? • Do students prefer on-campus or off-campus housing? • What services are provided for first-year students when they arrive on campus? 2 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Before You Study Check the statements that apply to you. 1.1 am a first-year student. Q 2.1 flew in before the beginning of this new school year. V___ When You Study Listen to the audio recording and scan the text. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin a close reading of the text. 1 .When and where does the conversation take place? flu*» #äk*ft*#Ä ° t^tÄiTi^ 0 ° T JfeK ^ ^, ^'l-t^l 7 —i^ife Art +, mJtiöC&\ 7 4Mfe ^ CD LANGUAGE NOTES (xmsheng, new student) is the Chinese term for students in an incoming school class. College freshmen are also known a Tnxiänren) in Taiwan, a (perhaps initially facetious) translation from English that may raise an eyebrow or two in mainland since the adjective Lesson 1 • H#7?f-# 3 [j 3.1 am used to campus life. Q 4.1 live in a student dorm. Q| 5.1 know the meaning of the characters of my Chinese name. J 2. What do the two characters have in common? 3. What is the main topic of the conversation? ) $%M, Iff iMf t ° #.^t^^Ti^#^Bt ° T (xTnxian, fresh) is associated with food or events where the word means "novel" or "unusual." Returning students are called (laosheng, old students) in Chinese. Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook *T#-: 4sLSE&>^^ ^3LJ&^£_fafa o 5Jbl:3-^5&, *fcj»t— HUMS*!:, &jit5ejM$5t, 99 Lesson 1 ■ W^/^^ 5 J^lfl: *tHr^7? ^ Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook BUMS: -Mf^, &MtiL-£r&.&L&., — &*JMMf «Jfc ■ After You Study Challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese. 1. Describe briefly who the two characters are. LANGUAGE NOTES © The opposite of :&?JL/:^£h (ad vantage; benefit) is ^MjM>#t, (h uaichu, disadvantage; harm). © In this text, (la) meaning "to leave something behind" is used colloquia lly. $3L (la) and AMg. (la) Lesson 1 • 7 2. List any similarities that you share with either of the two characters regarding your background and school life. 3. Name yout criteria for choosing a place to live. are both used to represent trie sound. Note also that in this context both characters deviate from their normal pronunciation and meaning (4-3-, la, to pull, and 2§V luo, to fall.) Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook VOCABULARY 2. 3. 4« 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. 1. m käi xue xmsheng n liäng yänjiüsheng n chüsheng v gong a chäng xiäo wäi xiäo nei änquän bTjiäo vo to begin a new semester new student (measure word for vehicles) graduate student to be born n bow adj long off campus on campus adj safe adv/v relatively; comparatively; rather; to compare 12. MM sheng qiän vo to save money; to economize 13. zlyöu adj free; unconstrained 14. bü jiän de not necessarily 15. häochu n advantage; benefit 6. shiying V to adapt; to become accustomed to 7. shenghuö n/v life; livelihood; to live 8. bän jiä vo to move (one's residence) 9. bäng mäng vo to help Parts of speech are indicated for most vocabulary items. Detachable compounds are marked as "vo." Four-character phrases, idiomatic expressions, and other phrases that cannot be categorized by part of speech are left unmarked. Lesson 1 • $t#ijMf*# 9 f 20. -im- la v (colloq.) to leave (something) behind proper Nouns 21. m^m irjS-_^L^] Zhang Tianmmg Zhang Tianmmg (a personal name) 22. ?Nr^- Ke Lin Ke Lin (a personal name) Enlarged Characters 1 0 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook Culture Highlights Most college students in China live in on-campus dormitories, typically with four students to a room. To alleviate crowding, many universities have invested in off-campus "student apartments" xuesheng gongyu) in recent years. Municipally-funded colleges may have students who commute. Government-supported boarding schools for elementary, middle, and high school students can be found in remote rural areas. There are also private and expensive boarding schools. Living conditions at these schools vary. Coed dormitories are uncommon, if not unheard of. A student apartment number plate Because homonyms abound in Chinese, there is sometimes a need to disambiguate. For instance, Zhang Tianming's family name $§k/?JS- (Zhang) sounds the same as another family name (Zhang). Therefore, to distinguish one from the other, it is necessary to explain how to write the character. One common way to do that is to take the character apart, so Zhang Tianming's family name is said to be (gong chang Zhang) as opposed to SL-^~"^- (fi zao Zhang), with fit/ (zhang) being made up of *3 (gong) and (ch ang), and ^ (zhang) being made up of -3- (li) and (zao). Another method of disambiguation is to use the family name in a disyllabic context or reference the same last name from a famous Chinese person. For instance, to differentiate the surname 5££ (Jiang) from another with an identical pronunciation (Jiang), one may say, (Changjiang de Jiang), -H* (bu shi Jiang Taigong de Jiang), [it's] the Jiang in Changjiang, (the Yangtze River), not the Jiang in Jiang Taigong (a famous historical figure). Zhang <5 Lesson 1 ■ B8 11 Hu According to this chart, how many of these six family names can be introduced by taking apart their character components? Grammar f-----"--%\ 1. The Dynamic Particle T (I) The dynamic particle T indicates that an action has occurred. It can appear either after a verb or at the end of a sentence. When ~T appears after a verb, it signals the occurrence of an action. There is usually a time phrase in the sentence. (Last night I saw a movie.) (Last year my mother went to Beijing and stayed there for a long time.) Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook © a: il^##^7^? (Did you read this book?) B: ^LyfT7 ° (Yes, I read it.) Notice that T is not the equivalent of the past tense. The action can take place in the future as in 0. (Tomorrow I'll go to the airport after breakfast.) Sometimes when 7 appears after the object it also indicates occurrence of an action. 0 a: #1!fr*Jt-flh^T? (What did you do yesterday?) B: A#t^T ° (I moved.) Sometimes there isn't a time phrase in the sentence. The time implied is "just now" or "up till now": 0 a: 4feXn^ft'ttJ£9-T4$? (Did you buy the ticket for tomorrow's movie?) B: M 7 ° ^7 ° (Yes, I did.) Lesson 1 • f$^/-7r# a: ^-^Bf «? (How long did you wait?) B: A^^> f , X # 7 J^N* ° (There weren't many people. I only waited five minutes.) If there is an object after the verb and 7 , the object is usually quantified, as in © and the first clause of ©. Under certain circumstances, the object need not be quantified in way: a. If the object is followed by another 7 ' (I called Little Li.) b. If the object is followed by another clause: (Zhang Tianming went home right after he bought the plane ticket.) c. If the object refers to a definite person or thing: #&&&##JLJtJL7 ° (Yesterday I saw Little Wang at school.) When 7 occurs at the end of a sentence, it may signify a new situation, some kind of change, or the occurrence or realization of an event or state: +n 7 , %JHBM3L&7 ° + 7 , *^*ft*T ° (It's October. The weather is gradually turning cold.) 14 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (I wanted to go see a movie tonight, but I have an exam tomorrow, so 1 won't be going.) When there are two verb phrases in a sentence and the first verb phrase is followed by the particle T , the two actions denoted by the verbs are consecutive. The second action begins when the first one is completed. © ATT 1^4tmM * (I'll go look for you after my class.) (Yesterday as soon I finished moving into the dorm, I went to eat at the cafeteria.) In 4D, the time of or after the speaker finishes his/her class. In ©, the time of -&%rMvt4tlsi/%rSTvLteL is jfet3&. T j%'&/$L&L 7 ll i.e., immediately after moving into the dorm. 2.The • • • 6*7 • • • Construction V,________._____) When both the speaker and the listener know that an action or event has occurred and the speaker wants to draw attention to the time, place, manner, purpose, or agent of the action, the M** "' construction is required. Although we call it the Jj^ jfij--- construction, _*1L is, in fact, often optional: O A: ^T^JL^T^? (Did Mr. Ke come?) B: ° ^7 • (Yes, he did.) Lesson 1 • ftfl •-'£/ 15 (When did he come?) B: (^)Ht^0&-t^S-J ° (Yesterday evening.) a: (A) — (Whom did he come with?) B: (A)^^^a^H.—^^tft - (With his older sister.) a: (Did they come by plane or by car?) B: Bfl#iM> o (By car.) (Zhang Tianming was born in America.) That Zhang Tianming was already born is a given. The point of the statement is tuhere he was born. €> a: toAJUML*? (Are you an'undergrad?) Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook b: ^ , $JkM&£- ° (No, I am a graduate student.) A: täJL&^SL-ttfj ^? (Where did you go to college?) b: Ä^*Ja#|J^^#0 (I went to college in New York.) To recapitulate, when it is a known fact that an action already took place, in order to inquire about or explain the particulars of the action, one should use * * $y ""' instead of T . V_,___i an inclusive pattern. The English equivalent is "besides" or "in addition to." (Besides Chinese, he's also studying Japanese.) (In our class, besides Little Wang, Tattle Lin has also been to China.) Lesson 1 • F$^/-Jf (In addition to moving, Zhang Tianming also went shopping yesterday.) on the other hand, is an exclusive pattern. The English equivalent is "except for": (-'j^^r^-^i^ + U °) (M*4^#M:^W °) (Except for Little Ke, every student in our class has been to China.) [Little Ke is the only one who has not been to China.] (Except for reading, I am willing to do anything in the evening.) | Reading is the only thing that I am not willing to do in the evening.] ^-tl/^-iK, is used to provide additional reasons. (Please stay. It's getting late. Besides, we haven't finished discussing everything that we need to discuss.) Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook i&EJ4^°________ (I'm not planning on traveling to Japan. Things in Japan are too expensive. Besides, I've already been to Japan.) (She shouldn't be dating someone like him. lie isn't very bright. Besides, he isn't nice to her.) rn7 jJL. also means "besides" or "in addition." But unlike -^rWL/-l^-'JJil, it is not alwa explanatory. Consider the use of rrfj J3_ in the — rn7 JeL.— (not only...but also structure: (Besides English, I'm also taking Chinese this semester.) (My younger sister not only likes to sing but also likes to dance.) In 0, ©, and ©, interchangeable with but in © and ©, cannot be replaced by -rf-t&/-£H)L Lesson 1 • ffl 19 t-----"--" ^ 5. Connecting Sentences (I) \_____,___.---j We often speak in multiple sentences and need to connect them. In this lesson we have this example: (Zhang Tianming: Is that so? Why do you live off campus? Do you think it's better to live on or off campus?) (Ke Lin: Some people like to live on campus. They think it's both convenient and safe. Some people like to live off campus because off-campus housing is relatively inexpensive. I live off campus. Besides wanting to save some money, I also want freedom. On top of that, it's not necessarily so convenient to live on campus.) This exchange begins with Zhang Tianming asking Ke Lin, "Why do you live off campus?" Ke Lin mentions three reasons in his answer and uses to connect them. Another way to connect the reasons is to use^f? ***', ^f? -—"", (first...second...third...). 20 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Lesson 1 • 21 Words & Phrases A.5E#/^# (to feel; to think) can express a feeling as well as an opinion. [feeling] (I don't feel very well today. I can't go swimming with you.) JHift ° [opinion! &# ■ (Everybody says that's a very interesting film, but I didn't think it was all that great after seeing it.) ^J^b^fe, ° [opinion] (Many Americans think that you should leave home and live somewhere else after you turn eighteen. I don't necessarily agree.) When expressing an opinion, ^E'ffr/ !ffer$IF is less formal than iJ^^J . B. ^fri^L (convenient) As an adjective, ^5"^:$* can appear in a sentence either as a predicate or an attributive. O #-MM^jf^^#^4ft ° [predicate] (It's very convenient to shop in a city.) 22 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 0 ^AWft-HfcM*. [predicate] (I'd like to ask you a question. Is it convenient for you now?) © ^T^^H#M, !8h*Nfc#T'Jl8|^i# ° [attributive] (Please give me a call whenever it's convenient for you.) C. 4^ (safe) -£Krd£y is an adjective. It can be used as a predicate as well as an attributive. O l3L$~j£-4fk4c'kr ° [predicate| (This building is very safe.) © -flSJ?£ :fcik.#MMMr^ ° [predicate] (You don't have to worry. She's very safe now.) (Our dorm has a big problem with safety.) [attributive] (The safest solution is to not allow people to come into the company's building after 5:00 p.m.) Lesson 1 • Bfj'¥7if# D. 14% (to save money; to economize) J^l 4%, means "to economize." Tt is a verb-object compound. Numerals and particles such as T can be inserted between the verb and the object. (If you refrain from driving once a week, you'll save a lot of money over a year.) (This shirt is half off this weekend. You can save $30/¥30.) (1 lived in China last year. Food was very inexpensive. I saved a lot of money.) E. I) ^7 (free; unconstrained) mn it] ti? can be either a noun or an adjective. O A: 4MM*tt&. [no, (In that country do you think people have freedom?) B: 4M£*TWS [adjective] (I lived there for half a year. I found it very free.) © 4K^&&&*f f f T> I * ° [adjective] (My younger sister lives with my cousin. She finds it very restrictive.) 24 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook |adjective + -i-lki = adverbial] (That child is almost two. He can walk around freely.) F. ^ JL^/^* $L%^r (not necessarily) An adverb, can be used to express a dissenting opinion politely. o a: i&JLfc^m&, (She was born in China. Her Chinese must be very good.) B: ^tIAi#A. +3C^J^#:&T0 (People who were born in China don't necessarily speak good Chinese.) (They don't necessarily have it right in the papers.) (This city's streets are full of people and cars. Driving is not necessarily faster than walking.) G. -Jtf-M./*f'#t (advantage; benefit) is a noun. It can be used as a subject or an object. O ^€ft^W^»^ ° [subject] (The advantage of flying is speed.) Lesson 1 • HJ^/#«$ ##"^^ti£#.#l^^^ ° [object] (Please tell us the advantage of doing it this way.) often occurs in this construction: (A is advantageous for B) (Listening to recordings is good for learning Chinese.) (Doing this has no advantage for you.) ^tm, (In China, having a college degree, knowing how to use a computer, and being abl to speak a foreign language are advantages when it comes to looking for a job.) H. iMJS^/i&JsL (to adapt; to become accustomed to) is a verb. Tt takes a direct object. O # iCA & # ^ A >^ 7 ? (Arc you accustomed to college life now?) (I've been here for two years, but I'm still not used to life here.) 26 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook The object can be introduced by the preposition Jfej / ^J" and be placed before the verb © # *j- it ^ ^ ^ e. m it ^ t ^ ? (Are you already used to the weather here?) O &4H J * Hi 1U , "''•I H:&MM^**M ° (We've just arrived in the United States. We're not used to American weather yet.) Lesson 1 ■ SJ-#/^# 27 Language Practice —- — - > >, A. What's Your Name? i___,____J Go around the class and introduce yourself. Explain your Chinese name so that your classmates will know which characters it uses. Ask your classmates to explain how to write their Chinese names. Ask your teacher to give you a Chinese name if you don't already have one. f-\ B. So You Are Back! l________J Now that both you and your partner are back from summer break, ask and answer questions about your trips back to school by using the construction. EXAMPLE; What date? a: What day of the week? How? With whom? f-■---■-\ C. What Else? ii__' a. You know that your partner is taking Chinese this semester. Find out what other courses he or she is taking using .You may use English to name the courses if you don't know how to say them in Chinese. b. You know your partner can speak Chinese. Find out what other languages he or she can speak using a: #A/L^1^#|M^? 28 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook (--' * D. Not Necessarily! V_____v You are in a contrarian mood today. Using Mar^f"/ ^ -$L4¥", disagree with everything that your partner says. EXAMPLE: student dorm convenient A: &&.&±fii&4fL&-tiL ° A: -> B: 4kfe&£^4?&MM B: what the teacher says living off campus writing English airplane tickets people born in China correct more freedom easier than writing Chinese most expensive in August cook delicious Chinese food E. It's Good for You! s_) a. Your friend is recovering from a debilitating illness. Offer him some health advice. FXAMPLE: Lesson 1 • &$/4f-3£ b. Your friend Mr. Sinophilic is starting to learn Chinese by himself. Offer him some advice on Chinese study. EXAMPLE: First piece of advice Second piece of advice Third piece of advice F. Shoot! I Left It Behind! EXAMPLE: f3f3 BE BE C 30 Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook r--"\ G. Helping the Newcomers V___.__J Work with a partner to brainstorm a list of things you can do to help a first-year student feel more at ease when he or she first arrives on campus. H. Pros and Cons V___J a. List the pros and cons of living on campus in a dorm. Pros Cons b. List the pros and cons of living off campus in an apartment or a house. Pros Cons Lessonl • m^f^-^ 31 c. Survey three of your classmates and see who prefers living on campus or off campus. Record their reasons and report back to the class. Classmate #T Classmate #2 o Classmate #3 o I. Should I Move? i_J Have a discussion about the pros and cons of living on campus compared to living off campus, and then summarize the group members' opinions by using the expression . Possible points for discussion include: safety, doing laundry, use of the internet, shopping, expenses, dating, freedom... EXAMPLE: close to classrooms —~—■----■----------\ J. I Live Where I Live Because... s ________.__J a. Your partner will ask you the following questions. First answer them according to your own situation. Make sure to incorporate the expressions or constructions you have learned in this lesson. 1 .Where do you live, on campus or off campus? 2. When did you move into the dorm/off campus? 3. What can you say to support your choice of living on/off campus? 4. Do all your friends live on/off campus as you do? 5. What would you say to those who have made a different choice? 6. Will you continue to live on/off campus next year? b. Then, based on your answers to the questions above, can you now explain your choice of living on/off campus in a short but coherent paragraph? Don't forget to incorporate 2ly^"\^t&/-rf--i£ and/or % — , in order to connect the sentences. 32 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Pinyin Text Zháng Tiánmíng shl dáxué yi niánjí de xTnshěng**. Kuái kái xué le, tá jiá lí dáxué hěn yuán, děi zuó fěijT qú xuéxiáo. Ta zuó fěijT zuó le Mang ge duo xiáoshí. Xiá fěijT yThóu, ta másháng jiáo le yí liáng chuzu qichě, hěn kuái jiú dáo le xuéxiáo súshě®. Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Kě Lín: Rén zhěn duo! NT shi xTnshěng ba? Shi, wo shi xTnshěng. NT ne? Wó shi yánjiushěng. Zái zhěr báng xTnshěng ban dóngxi. Qíng wěn, nTjiáo shénme míngzi? Wó jiáo Zháng Tiánmíng. Zháng Tiánmíng? Shi Zhóngwén míngzi ma? Dui, wó bába máma shi cóng Zhóngguó lái de. Kěshi wó shi zái Měiguó chushěng, zái Měiguó zháng dá de'--. Qíng wěn ní de míngzi shi... W5 zhěng zái xué Zhóngwén, wo de Zhóngwén míngzi shi Kě Lín. NT de míngzi shi ná sán ge zi? Zháng shi gong cháng zháng, jiú shi yi zháng zhT de zháng, Tián shi tiánqi de tián, Míng shi míngtián de míng. NT shi zěnme lái xuéxiáo de? Wó xián zuó fěijT, cóng jTcháng dáo xuéxiáo zuó chuzu qichě. Kě Lín, ní yě zhú zái zhěr ma? Bú, zhě shi xTnshěng súshě, wó zhú zái xiáo wái. Shi ma? NT wěishénme zhú xiáo wái? NT juéde zhú zái xiáo něi háo, háishi zhú zái xiáo wái háo? Yóude rén xThuan zhú xuéxiáo súshě, juéde yóu fángbián yóu ánquán, yóude rén xThuan zhú zái xiáo wái, yTnwěi xiáo wái de fángzi bTjiáo piányi. Wó zhú zái xiáo wái, chúle xíáng shěng diánr qián yíwái®, hái wěile zlyóu. Záishuó®, zhú zái xiáo něi yě bú jián de hěn fángbián. Zhěn de ma? Ná wó yThóu yě bán dáo xiáo wái qú. NT gang lái, zái xuéxiáo zhú dui nT yóu háochu®, kěyí shiying yí xiá xuéxiáo de shěnghuó. Yáoshi nT yThóu xiáng ban jiá, wó kěyT báng nT zháo fángzi. Lesson 1 ■ M¥7?b^ 33 Zhang Tianmi'ng: HSo ba, wo yThou yaoshi ban jia, yiding qTng nT bang rnang. Ke Lin: Tianming, qianbian mei ren le, wo bang nT ba xingli ban jin qu ba. Zhang Tianming: Hao, xiexie. Ai, w6 de diannao ne? ... Zaogao, diannao keneng la® zai chuzu che shang le! English Text Zhang Tianming is a college freshman. School is about to start. His home is very far from the university, so he has to take a plane to get to school. He is on the plane for more than two hours. After he gets off the plane, he hails a cab immediately. In no time he arrives at his school dormitory. Zhang Tianming: There are a lot of people here! Ke I.in: You must be a freshman. Zhang Tianming: Yes, I am a freshman. How about you? Ke Lin: I'm a graduate student. I'm here to help the freshmen move. What's your name? Zhang Tianming: My name is Zhang Tianming. Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming? Is that a Chinese name? Zhang Tianming: That's right. My mom and dad are from China, but I was born and grew up in America. Your name is...? Ke Lin: I'm studying Chinese. My Chinese name is Ke Lin. What are the Chinese characters for your name? Zhang Tianming: Zhang with gong (bow) [on the left] and chang (long) [on the right], same character as the one for "piece" as in "a piece of paper," Tian as in "weather," Ming as in "tomorrow." Ke Lin: How did you get to school? Zhang Tianming: I flew. From the airport I took a taxi. Ke Lin, do you also live here? Ke Lin: No, this is the freshmen's dorm. I live off campus. Zhang Tianming: Is that so? Why do you live off campus? Do you think it's better to live on or off campus? Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Ke Lin: Some people like to live on campus. They think it's both convenient and safe. Some people like to live off campus because off-campus housing is cheaper. I live off campus. Besides wanting to save some money, I also want my freedom. On top of that, it's not necessarily so convenient to live on campus. Zhang Tianming: Really? Then I'll move off campus, too, in the future. Ke Lin: You've just arrived, so it's good for you to live on campus and get used to school life. If you want to live off campus later, I can help you find a place. Zhang Tianming: OK. If I want to move later, I'll definitely ask for your help. Ke Lin: There's no one in front of you now. I'll help you move your baggage into your room. Zhang Tianming: OK. Thank you. Hey, where's my computer? Shoot, I might have left it in the cab! SELF-ASSESSMENT How well can you do these things? Check (\/) the boxes to evaluate your progress and see which areas you may need to practice more. I can Explain how to write my Chinese name Ask and answer questions about where I was born and grew up Discuss my preferences for living on or off campus Express a contrary view politely Very Well OK A Little □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □