h LEARNING OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will learn to use Chinese to 1. Name four principal regional Chinese cuisines; 2. Order food and drinks; 3. Talk about what flavors you like or dislike; 4. Make your dietary restrictions or preferences known. RELATE AND GET READY In your own culture/community— • Are there different regional cuisines? • What seasonings/spices do cooks put in their food? • Do people usually cook by steaming, stir-frying, grilling, or baking ? Before You Study Check the statements that apply to you. 1.1 like vegetables. 2.1 can handle spicy food. When You Study Listen to the audio recording and scan the text. Ask yourself the following questions before you begin a close reading of the text. 1. How many people went to the restaurant? Who are they? Did they all know each other before? ill T *pa|tť B*íLÍřJfc ° íl) T #^ + m^f;L ° Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (The four of them follow the waitress to their table.) mm ° m &, w, # fs isJtftJt? 7 ° jufi "^r « k °—ii 35 ? flUI-* : "^T M Kb Ift T ? —fa^m-f-^, — LANGUAGE NOTES O To order from a menu is Mk/in Chinese, or more casually, H or ir^/^-. Lesson 3 • Mf4MiM$ )L 75 (The four of them follow the waitress to their table.) 4H& ° iff , %M, #in ,&;ut& ? HUMS; MAAwrt# ? #^#^fn^#*^M^ © Beggars are colloquially known as means "to beg." That is why Lin Xucmei corrects the waitress, who meant, "Do you want any rice?" Integrated Chinese * Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook After You Study Challenge yourself to complete the following tasks in Chinese. 1. List the beverages and dishes these four characters have ordered. LANGUAGE NOTES © Unlike &&J%M/%<&Jg}'®l, the word3C^- i$ literary and used as a collective noun meaning "parents." Lesson 3 St/A%M$1L 77 If: t« # t iMfcJUfr T p 2. Make a note of who likes which flavors and types of cuisine. 3. List the characters' dietary restrictions. 0 In this word, i& is in the neutral tone and JL changes to the second tone from the third. Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook VOCABULARY r 1. zhenghäo adv 2. n a menköu n 3. If liuxuesheng n A.. cäidän n 5. JT n 6. qTngzheng V 7. weidao n S. jielän n 9. nen adj 10. xiäng adj it. -y- böcäi n 12. ^(E) jiäo (cäi) v(o) 13. xTnxian adj 14. /S /it qTngdän adj 15. xiän adj 16. yöu n/adj 17. cänjTn n IS. bürü V 19. ge pr 20. köuwei n 21. bTru V doorway; entrance student studying abroad menu chicken to steam (food without heavy sauce) taste; flavor Chinese broccoli tender fragrant; pleasant-smelling spinach to order (food) fresh light in flavor salty oil; oily napkin not equal to; inferior to; to not measure up to [See Grammar 5.] each; every taste; dietary preference for example Lesson 3- &mMJU£M%JL 79 27. /KL vy 22. la adj spicy 23. köushuT n saliva 24. liü V to flow 25. #* käolü V to consider 26. zhüyi a idea Proper Nouns 28. 29. tö?Jl] 30. $3 rlj 31. Ushä Lfn Xuemei Sichuan Hünan Guangdong Lisa (a personal name) Lin Xuemei (a personal name) Sichuan (a Chinese province) Hunan (a Chinese province) Guangdong (a Chinese province) Which dish can be classified as Sichuan cuisine? Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Enlarged Characters Which sign says that the restaurant/store is closed for a break Lesson 3- &&M&-'MJ$M<1$J'L 81 Culture Highlights To settle the bill in a restaurant is ^Jpl/ f^mk- (jie zhang) or more colloquially M -^-/ (mai dan). Some write it as (mai dan). No tips are expected. Very upscale restaurants may charge a service fee, typically around 15 percent. Although restaurants in China come in all shapes and sizes, many of the more popular establishments tend to be raucous, multistoried affairs. They almost always include private banquet rooms, which may or may not include a 10 to 15 percent service charge or a minimum consumption charge. The most basic and best-known technique in Chinese cooking is stir-frying (^/, chao), which is traditionally done in a heavy cast iron wok. Other common techniques include (hongshao, braising in soy sauce) and >i|~#5-/>l|~Mr (qTngzheng, steaming fresh lightly seasoned food). The three must-haves when cooking Chinese food are green onion (/%-/Mr, cong), ginger ( Hr/-Mz, Jiang), and garlic (^/*f=, suan). O J'l (Chuan), (Yue), •%/•%• (Lu), and wfrjlfc (Su) are the abbreviated names of four Chinese provinces: Sichuan, Guangdong, Shandong, and Jiangsu, famous for their distinct cuisines, collectively called the "Four Great Culinary Schools" % / ^ i^L tjjk , si da cai xl). The telltale fiery and tingling taste of Sichuan cooking (Jl| Chuan cai) comes from its two main seasonings: chili pepper and Sichuan peppercorn. Hot bean paste is another common ingredient. Best known outside China is the far milder Cantonese {J§t J(L/ f~ ^, Guangdong) cooking (-^§- ^^L, Yue cai), which takes advantage of the region's bountiful fresh seasonal produce and seafood. Shandong with its coastline in the east and mountains in the west, gave rise to a varied cooking tradition 'gf ^/(Lu cai) emphasizing broths, seafood, and Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook poultry. Because of the region's proximity to the imperial court, Shandong cooking became the favorite of the Manchu aristocracy during the Qing period (1616—1911). The long prosperity and cultural prominence of the lower Yangtze region also made its cuisine influential. $f^;^L/^ >f^- (SO cai) or /^(-^j) ^L/'/^-(ffi) i^. (HuaKyang} cai) makes abundant use of the region's various types of tofu products and freshwater fish. Both J^$m WL/ J^Mfc^L (Shanghai cai) and %$L0\ tf^/i|i*#) W- (Hangzhou cai) are subcategories of $$-^L/(Su cai). Lesson 3- fe&^%jfe:&iMJh 83 Grammar 1. Topic-Comment Sentence Structure ____________j If someone, something, or some event is already known—in other words, if it is no longer new information to the speaker or the listener—then it should appear at the beginning of a Chinese sentence. The positioning of known information at the beginning of a sentence is an important characteristic of Chinese and is referred to as a "topic-comment" sentence structure in which a "topic" is mentioned in the first part of the sentence and commented on in the latter part of the sentence. Known information can also include information that has already been mentioned or activities that are taken for granted, such as eating, sleeping, or students going to classes, doing homework, etc. (Today is & weekend. Besides, [I've] already finished [my] homework...) [This is about a student. Everyone knows that students are supposed to have homework, so homework is not new information.] © a: ^^i3tW5i^^#>€^^**r*f^? (Did you know that there is a sale tomorrow at that shoe store nearby?) (I already knew [this].) ["This" refers to the shoe store's sale tomorrow that is mentioned in the previous statement.] (The ticket for your flight to Taipei—have you booked it?) [The speaker knows that you are going to Taipei and that you need a plane ticket.] Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook (Yesterday we had steamed fish at Little Hong Kong. That restaurant's steamed fish is really good.) ["Steamed fish" appears in the first clause. Therefore, it's treated as a topic in the second clause.] This type of "topic-comment" structure differs from the basic Chinese word order: "subject+verb+object." (Have you finished watching this DVD?) (Have you finished your homework?) O ^L-^r'm^t, pfcflf-ÍC ft ft 4f f* * ^ ° (Eat your food [morel slowly. Eating too fast is not good for your health.) (I hear that students can no longer buy the things in the school store. Is that true?) B: *5 ° (Who said that? That's not true.) While many Chinese sentences follow a basic word order thar is similar to English, nam "subject+verb+object," the "topic-comment" structure is also a very important and distinctive feature of Chinese grammar. It is required in certain circumstances, some of which are illustrated above. Lesson 3- St/fetAit )L 85 — +v We know that —" before a verb (usually monosyllabic) expresses the completion of a brief action. It must be followed by a second clause: (There was someone shouting my name outside. I opened the door and took a look, and it was the letter carrier.) '"" WJl, " ', on the other hand, is used to connect two consecutive actions. In this structure, tfJC is required in some cases and optional in others. Tf the first action is closely followed by the second action, and if there isn't a pause in the sentence, the second verb is usually preceded by -fJC: (What the teacher just said—I understood it immediately.) (Every day my roommate does his homework as soon as he comes back to the dorm.) (I came as soon as I got your text message.) If there is a pause in the sentence, and there is an adverbial before the second verb, sometimes $C can be omitted as seen in 0 and ©. But it's also OK to leave it in as seen in (5a) and (6a). (He put the blanket down on the bed and quickly ran out.) In the above sentence happened hard on the heels of the previous action Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook *# «_____ » (After I got back home, I put down my bag on the desk and gave Little Li a call right away.) (6a) m^mWi, &fe&&j^^-t-—žt, #L^±.^h#^T --^&Í& «* If the subjects are different, usually there must be a >fJu before the second action: © A: A#J#^iNlifef (When are we leaving?) B: # — h;M&XlErX'h ° (That wardrobe is old and small.) (The kids ran and jumped. They had a great time.) (That child cried and fussed. We didn't know what to do.) When two adjectives are used in this way, they must either be both positive or both negative. Furthermore, the adjectives must be related in meaning. For instance, when describing people, we often say, "clever and pretty;" "tall and thin;" "short and overweight." "The weather is hot and stuffy" or "cold and humid." When two verbs are involved, the actions denoted must be concurrent. For example, "talk and laugh," "cry and yell," etc. Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook 4.The Emphatic ;*L Used before adjectives and verbs, it reaffirms the validity of a prior statement. Note that when an adjective is used as a predicate, it generally cannot he preceded by However, this special emphatic usage of before an adjective requires that stressed, and the adjective should have already been mentioned, as seen in © and ©. O A: fé^&fáfá'4M9í&JEt ° (This dorm is really convenient.) B: &&it1®fé&JLž'4št9 -itJi-lfc, 4r$kM£$ 4ĚLfcšt+#&Jkár«.ii -šcJzm, -ž-Si^, (This dorm is very convenient. It's not far from school, the hospital, and restaurants.) (The Shanghai cuisine at this restaurant is quite authentic. I like it very much.) (Their Shanghai dishes are quite authentic, but too expensive.) €> a: Jfc1fc#ttl3JMIt?tT, ^m^7 - (I hear that your roommate moved out, and isn't coming back.) b: mm, mm?! **Mť-t— m^MMmK^* (That's right. He did move out, and went to another university with an even better reputation.) Lesson 3 • fe%k4%$UfcWfe& 89 h,________i ^F*~fa means more or less the same thing as /JL^T 'n comparative sentences. A+ ^ fa + B (+ adjective, etc.) (I don't run as fast as Little Li.) (This dryer is not as new as that one.) Unlike /iL^T, however, ^*~fa does not always need to be followed by an adjective. © 4&¥}^SL^'fa&° (His Chinese isn't as good as mine.) (I don't sing as well as he does, but when it comes to dancing, he isn't as good as I am.) Furthermore, fa* is generally used with adjectives that are positive in meaning such as fit, VMifa, etc. 90 Integrated Chinese - Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Words & Phrases A. S£--#f (coincidentally) is an adverb. (I happen to have some free time today. Let me go with you to buy some clothes.) &-£-4&4&tf)fft'f£, 4**flE.*MWl f 1 ° [adverbl (When I went to look for him, he happened to be about to go out.) SE-'itf* is also an adjective meaning "just right." It can be used as a predicate: © ilLl^Ml 'b , iE-^cr ° |adjective as predicate] (This pair of shoes is not too big and not too small for me. It's just right.) O # j^-^t , vfc ° [adjective as complement] (You came at just the right time. We were all looking for you.) B. A (especially) is often used together with (The fish here is really good, especially the steamed fish. It tastes fantastic.) (Miss Wang likes to go shopping, especially for bowls and plates.) Lesson 3- $U£-4&.4$.$L 91 (Little Ke dislikes sports, especially swimming.) © ^^MM&, (Mr. Li thinks Chinese food is difficult to prepare, especially sweet and sour fish.) r ~~ " ^ C.M-$M/Mfc-M. ([may I] trouble [you]; troublesome) ii_„_* When asking for a favor, it is polite to begin by saying M^'M (#) //$^M ,. .Here is a verb, meaning "[May I| trouble [you to]..." [verb] (Little Zhang, if someone calls, could you please tell him that I went to the airport?) © 111*1, jfMIJNli— #|k$£fc« [verb] (Waiter, please give me some napkins.) (Could you please tell the teacher that I'm sick and can't go to class?) ©a: &jk:9 a#4f4Miif#^aJk/fl^0 (Sir, let me help you carry this luggage to your room.) B: yfJ^M^l ° [vcrbl (That won't be necessary. I won't trouble you.) Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook can also be an adjective used as a predicate, meaning "troublesome." © i^L^Wi^^J^M ° [adjective] (Making Chinese food is a lot of trouble.) © ife iSK-f #H€J?£ - 0H£&k* $U^*I ° [adjective] & fr&m, a: ftJcT , 4T # * t7 S £g *?f ? 7 , JMMfcfr JM- t7 HI#0*%? (It's almost vacation time. Do you plan on going to China this winter break?) b: lMfc*#4l*l*HL^iMl-*-T ° iisfc***.^^it^;ih^(^-7 ° (It all depends on whether my mom will let me.) Lesson 3- &mfs $L/feiAi'$ JL 93 E. J>b:to*($i)/)>b:fc*(-#L) (for example) used before citing examples. It is slightly more formal than fe^1i./>b^-$L O Jfo-£ri&^£'M%-, >b^a^]U * EJ^ - ]!]•■• (He's been to many countries, for instance, England, Japan, China...) (Many of our classmates sing really well. Take Wang Peng, for example. He's a great singer.) (There are many restaurants here, for example "Delicious" on the east side, "Come Again" on the west side, "Good Bargains" on the south side, and "Everybody's Favorite" on the north side.) 94 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook Language Practice A. Name that Flavor Look at the foods and drinks listed and take turns with your partner to tell what flavors they usually have. EXAMPLE: l$fcJ^ fyfcJI^' 1. 2. 3. «* 4. ** 5. 6. 7. 8. ^;il H Lesson I • fei&MSUfa^L&Jh 95 B. Can You Take the Heat? Ke Lin likes his food spicy, and Lin Xuemei likes hers sweet. How about you and your classmates? Ask your classmates if they like their food spicy, sweet, salty, and/or sour. a: #$$L*pL—W i Jose #, Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 - Textbook C. Food Critic for a Day Imagine you are a food critic. Use the following information to practice commenting on Chinese dishes. EXAMPLE: $*3%J§J %k$%L*%J 4* if — M nM + §t -it x# 4-St + & x*4M* + * + x*4M* 2. ^sb + *j 2. ^^4-1*3 + >& -Hl x^'fr + >& — it xtt —m - it x ®^ - >bv - x at 4. ^"Ä^ 4. Tfr-ÖL-f- + -Ü xifr -it xSt 5. /7K^ 5. /7jC^ Lesson 3 &-f)L4t ÍL/fatÁ-ÍŠ JL f---'---~ *\ D. Sales Pitch Help the following businesses promote their goods. EXAMPLE: bookstore numerous new Chinese books 1. clothing store 2. furniture store 3. grocery store 4. fruit stand 5. Chinese restaurant 6. tea house pretty new fresh big pleasant-smelling healthy inexpensive inexpensive inexpensive fresh delicious delicious shirts wardrobes spinach apples steamed fish green tea E. A Model Chinese Language Student V____________J A model Chinese language student uses many strategies and takes every opportunity to improve his her Chinese.Things that he or she does include listening to audio recording, practicing speaking with friends, studying new vocabulary, reviewing grammar, reading texts, writing characters, etc. EXAMPLE: -t- ffi- _t.T^- Here are some opportunities that a model Chinese language student may seize to practice Chinese: 2. 3. WKfc l^J % 5. MM - i&fR Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook F. A Caterer's Challenge «- ____,________y Mr. Li has hired a caterer to help him throw a dinner party. Here's a list of his guests' likes ( J ), dislikes ( X )/ and dietary restrictions ( \/ ). n SL n yf yf V yf yf X yf yf yf yf X yf yf v yf X yf yf v7 X yf yf X yf •sMt X X V X Here are the caterer's specialties: st. jms Lesson 3- ^MMMjM%^A- 99 Work with a partner and help Mr. Li put together the menu. a. Choose the dishes that will definitely work for all guests and give the reasons. b. Using 'fftj, list the dishes that probably shouldn't be served and explain the reasons: 1 00 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 • Textbook c. Recommend a dish or two outside the menu that you and your partner think would be welcomed by all guests. Give the reasons using G.I Love My Parents'Cooking Because ... V-------' a. Using the adjectives you learned in this lesson, list the reasons why you love your mom's or dad's cooking. Is it because it's not oily but flavorful, free of charge, etc.? b.Then report to your class why you love your mom's or dad's cooking. Include ^ *-- If?j^t......vV^Y, or other connectors to explain your reasons. Lesson 3 • fi-Uts )l 101 Piny in Text JTntiän shi zhöumö, gongkě yě zuö wán le®, Zhang Tiänming jiü gěi Kě Lín dä diänhuä, shuö tä hé tä de nüpengyou Lishä xiäng chT Zhöngguo fän, wen tä xiäng bu xiäng qü. Kě Lín shuö zhěngháo tä yě xiäng chT Zhöngguo fän, jiü rang Zhäng Tiänming zäi sůshě ménkou děng zhe, tä käi che lái jiě tä. Bän ge zhöngtou yThöu, Kě Lín de qichě däo le. Zhäng Tiänming hé Lishä shäng che yi kán®, che Ii häi yöu yi ge nühair, Kě Lín jieshäo shuö, tä shi cóng Zhöngguo lái de liúxuéshěng, jiäo Lín Xuěméi. JT fenzhöng yihöu, tarnen si ge rén dáo le nä jiä Zhöngguo fänguänr. (The four of them follow the waitress to their table.) Fúwúyuán: Zhě shi cáidán. Kě Lín: Xiěxie. Lishá, Tiánmíng, nímen xiáng chldiánr shénme? Zhang Tiánmíng: Zhěr shénme cái háochT? Kě Lín. Zhěr jT zuó de búcuó, yú yě hěn háo, těbié shi qíngzhěng yú, wěidao háo jí le. Lín Xuěméi: Jiělán niúrou yě tíng háo, yóu něn yóu xiáng®. Lishá: KěyT dián° yí ge tang ma? Kě Lín: Dángrán kěyí, zhěr de bócái dóufu tang zuó de hěn háo, jiáo yí ge ba. Lín Xuěméi: Zái lái yí ge qTngcái ba. Lisha: Háo, háo. Fúwúyuán: Xiánzái kěyí dián cái le ma? Kě Lín: Kěyí.Yí ge qíngzhěng yú, yí ge jiělán niúrou, yí ge bócái dóufu tang. Jíntián nímen yóu shénme xínxian de qíngcái? Fúwúyuán: Xiáo báicái zěnmeyáng? Kě Lín: Xíng. Fúwúyuán, cái yáo qíngdán yi diánr, bié tái xián, sháo fáng yóu, bié fáng wěijíng. Zháng Tiánmíng: Máfan xián lái si běi bíngshuí, zái duo gěi women yl xiě cánjín zhí. Fúwúyuán: Háo, méi wěntí. Dui le, nín yáo fán ma? Lín Xuěméi: Women bú "yáo fán,"® women yáo si wán mífán. Fúwúyuán: Dui, dui, dul, yáo si wán mífán. 1 02 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 ■ Textbook Zhang Tianming: Lfn Xuemei: Zhang Tianming: Lin Xuemei: Ke Lin. Lin Xuemei: Lisha: Zhang Tianming: Lin Xuemei: Lisha: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei, Ke Lfn shuo zher Zhongguo cai hen didao, shi zhen de ma? Zhe ge fanguanr de cai shi® bucuo, danshi butu® women Hangzhou de fanguanr. Wo tTng wo fumij® shuo Zhongguo ge ge difang de cai bu yiyang, nar de cai zui haochT? Zhe jiu yao kan nT de kouwei le. BTru wo ai chT tian de, jiu xThuan Shanghai cai; Ke Lin ai chT la de, jiu xThuan Sichuan cai, Hunan cai. Yaoshi xThuan bTjiao qTngdan de, jiu chT Guangdong cai. Xuemei, nT bie shuo le, wo de koushuT dou kuai liu chu lai le... Women hanjia qu Zhongguo ba. Qu Zhongguo IDxfng, chT Zhongguo cai? KeyT kaolu. Zhe ge zhuyi® bucuo, wo ye keyT kaolu. You chT you wanr? Wo dangran keyT kaolu. Zhen de? Na tai hao le! Dajia dou qu! Yaoshi neng qu Zhongguo xue Zhongwen jiu geng hao le. Ai, women de cai lai le. English Text Today is a weekend, and he has already finished his homework, so Zhang Tianming calls Ke Lin and says that he and his girlfriend Lisa would like to eat Chinese food. He asks Ke Lin if he would like to go. Ke Lin says it so happens that he also wants to have Chinese food, so he asks Zhang Tianming to wait for him outside the dorm. He'll come pick him up. Half an hour later Ke Lin's car arrives. Zhang Tianming and Lisa get into the car and see a girl. Ke Lin introduces her, saying that she is an international student from China named Lin Xuemei. In a few minutes they are at the Chinese restaurant. Lesson 3 • j£.4&.4$$L/&tik.J!g Jl 1 (The four of them Waitress: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei: Lisa: Ke Lin: Lin Xuemei: Lisa: Waitress: Ke Lin: Waitress: Ke Lin: Zhang Tianming: Waitress: Lin Xuemei: Waitress: follow the waitress to their table.) Here's the menu. Thanks. Lisa, Tianming, what would you like to eat? What's delicious here? Their chicken is done very well. So is their fish, especially steamed fish. It tastes great. Their beef with Chinese broccoli is also quite good, both tender and fragrant. Can we order a soup? Of course. Their spinach and tofu soup is very good. Let's order one. Let's order another vegetable dish. Yes, yes. Are you ready to order? Yes. A steamed fish, a beef with Chinese broccoli, a spinach and tofu soup. What fresh vegetables do you have today? How about baby bok choy? Fine. Waitress, we'd like our food light. Please don't make it too salty. Not too much oil, no MSG. Please bring us four glasses of ice water first and give us some more napkins. No problem. Oh, that's right. Do you want rice? We don'r "want rice" [like beggars]. We'd like four bowls of rice. You're right. You'd like four bowls of rice. Zhang Tianming: Lin Xuemei, Ke Lin says that the Chinese dishes here are very authentic. Is it true? Lin Xuemei: Their dishes are very good, but not as good as the ones in our restaurants in Hangzhou. Zhang Tianming: My parents say that the food is very different all over China. Which place has the best food? Lin Xuemei: That depends on your personal preferences. Take me for example. I like it sweet. That's why I like Shanghai cuisine. Ke Lin loves spicy food, so he likes Sichuan and Hunan food. If you like your food light, you can have Cantonese dishes... Ke Lin: Xuemei, say no more. My mouth is watering. ... Let's go to China over the winter break. 04 Integrated Chinese • Level 2 Part 1 * Textbook Lin Xuemei: Go to China to have Chinese food? I'd consider it. Lisa: That's not a bad idea. I'll also consider it. Zhang Tianming: Food and fun? Of course I'll consider it, too. Lin Xuemei: Really? Fantastic! Let's all go. Lisa: If I could go to China to study Chinese, that would be even better. Ke Lin: Oh, here comes our food. SELF-ASSESSMENT How well can you do these things? Check ( \/) the boxes to evaluate your progress and see which areas you may need to practice more. I can Name the four major types of Chinese cuisine Name several popular Chinese dishes I have learned Order my favorite Chinese dish(es) Specify which seasonings I want or don't want in my food Talk about what flavor(s) I prefer Very Well OK A Little □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ a □ □ □ □