J—
FROM THE
PERSONAL LIBRARY OF
JAMES BUELL MUNN
1890- 1967
BOSTON- PUBLIC LIBRARY
*d
THE
Harleiai cellany
O R, A
COLLECTIONO F
Scarce, Cirious, and Entertaining
PAMPHIETS and TRACTS,
As wellin Manufcript as in Print,
Found in the late
EARL of OXFORDS LIBRARY.
INTERSPERSED
With Historical, Political, and Critical Notes.
with
A Table of the Contents,
VOL. V.
LONDON:
Printed for T. OSBORNE, in Grays-Inn. Mdccxlt.
3:0 The Travels of three Engl i lb Gentlemen, $cc.
equally, as may be prefumed, ftored with va- merly been the Retidence of many Kings and
nous Kinds or excellent Fifh. Upon our Ar- Emperors. It received that Denomination
rival at Prague, we palled two Centries before from the three Cities of which it confifts.
we were admitted into the Town, and had Thefe are the Nezv City, the Old City, and the
our Baggage examined with pretty great Ri- Little City, every one of which, with Regard
gour. Our Readers will find, by perilling what to its Extent and Number of Inhabitants, may
has been already laid down in this Section, that be confidered as fcarce any Thing inferior to a
the Lift of Pofts between Henna and Prague City of the firft Rank. The laft of thefe is
itands thus : feparated from the two firft by the Moldau or
From Vienna to Enzerfdorf, a fliort Poft, TVltava, a River that has its Rife in the Di-
1 \ German Miles. ftricT: of Krumau, on or near the Ridge of
From Enzerjdorf to Siockerau, a long Poft, Mountains feparating Bohemia from Bavaria^
3 German Miles. and unites its Stream with that of the Elbe nezv
From Stockerau to Mallebern, one Pofi, 2 "
Melnick, about four German Miles North of
German Miles. Prague. The Little City ftands on the Weftern
From Mallcbern to Hollabrun, one Poft, 2 Bank of that River, and the others on the
German Miles. Eaftern ; but they are joined together by a
From Hollabrun to Naudorf, or Nodorf, one noble Bridge, one of the greateft Curiofities in
Poft, 2 German Miles. Prague, 35 Foot broad, and 1770 long. This
From Naudorf to Pulckau, one Poft, iGer- was begun, with great Solemnity, by the Emman
Miles. pei-or Charles the Fourth, in the Year J 357 ; but,
From Pulckau oxBidkha, to Langau, along the Work being frequently interrupted by the
Poft, 2 German Miles. bloody Wars that happened in Bohemia, was not
From Langau or Languenau, to Prating, one finifhed till about Half a Century after. This
Poft, 2 German Miles. Bridge fupplied the Place of a more antient
From Frating to Pie/ling, one Poft, 2 Ger- one, built, after three Years Labour, by Ju~
man Miles. ditha or Gitka, Wife to King IVladiflaus, in
From Pie/ling to Zlabnitz, one Poft, 2 Ger- 1170, and deftroyed by an extraordinary Inunman
Miles. dation of the Moldau, in 1342, whofe Waters
From Zlabnitz to Konigfeck, a long Poft, then rofe to a very unufual Height. The
3 German Miles. Structure, compofed of fquare Stone, is fufFrom
Konigfeck to Neuhaus, a pretty long tained by eighteen prodigious Piles rifing out of
Poft, 2 good German Miles. the Bed of the River, and connected by the
From Neuhaus to Somofol or Samofal, one Arches under it. Each End of the Bridge is
Poft, 2 German Miles. adorned and defended by a fine Tower. One
From Somofol to Kofchitz, one Poft, 2 German of * thefe has, about the Middle of its exterior
Miles. Surface, in much the fame Manner that the
From Kofchitz to Tabor', one Poft, 2 German Statues of the Founders may be feen in WadMiles.
ham and Oriel Colleges, Oxford, two Stone
From Tabor to Sudomirzitz, one Poft, 2 Figures of Luther and his Wife. Luther appears
German Miles. in Armour, and his Wife with one of her Hands
From Sudomirzitz to Wotitz or Woiditz, one extended towards his Privities; which was done
Poft, 2 German Miles. in Order to ridicule the Lutherans, and perhaps
From Wotitz to 5//?r/Vz, one Poft, 2 German the Proteftants in general. The Citizens of
Miles. Prague, who are, for the moft Part, bigotted
From Biflritz to Nesbeck or Dnefpeck, one Roman Catholicks, take great Care to (hew
Poft, 2 long German Miles. thefe Statues of Lut-her and his Wife to all
From Neibeck or Dnefpeck to Jefnitz or Proteftants that come here. This the Author
Jejfenicz, one Poft, 2 i- German Miles. of the- prefent Account collected from our
From Jefnitz to Prague, one Poft, 2 fliort Guide, or, as the Italians call that Sort of
German Miles. Servant, Cicerone, who took particular Care
Total 21 Pofts, 45 German Miles. to (hew us the abovementioned Effigies of
Prague, the Capital of Bohemia, called fre- Luther and his Wife, and defir.ed us to view
quently in Latin by the Bohemian and Auflrian them attentively, afl'uiing us, that no p'oWriters
Tripolis, i. e. the Triple City, has for- reigner, efpecially if he was a Caiholick, who
* The Tower here mentioned is that which ftands on the End of the BriJgs contiguous to the Old Town.
1 knew
The Travels of three E
knew Prague, would believe that he had feen
the Capital of Bohemia, if he could not give
a Defcription of them.
There are many curious Images or Statues
of Saints upon the Bridge over the MjIdau, which
very well deferve to be feen by every curiousTraveller,
and particularly that of St. 'John of
Nepomuck, which confifts of Brafs, and ftands
on that Part of the Bridge from whence he
was thrown into the River, and drowned, at
the Command of JVenceflaus the Fourth, firnamed
Piger. Upon the Spot there is a Crofs
of Copper or Brafs deaurated, which People
are continually kiffing from Morning till
Night, when they offer their Prayers to St.
John Nepomucene, who is efteemed as one of
the principal Bohemian Saints. Nay, in Prague
he feems to be more celebrated than any other.
Many Perfons there wear his Pi&ure in Miniature
on their Breafts, hanging down like the
Badge of an Order ; and moft of the Women
have fuch a Picture, by Way of Ornament,
annexed to their Necklaces. Many of thefe
Toys, in different Forms, are brought by
Jews and others, to the Strangers that come
to Prague, to be purchafed, as one of the Curiofities
of the Place. The other Saints,
whofe Statues are erected on the Bridge,
have likewife their Votaries, as well as St.
John Nepomucene, who may frequently be feen
performing their Devotions to them ; though
thofe of the latter are by far the moft numerous.
There is expo fed to Sale, in the Bookfellers
and Print-fhops at Prague, a Collection
of Prints, or Cuts, reprefenting all the Statues
abovementioned on the Bridge over the Moldau,
with the Title of MARMOR LOQUENS
prefixed to it.
In the Moldau there are two little Iflands,
on thelargeft of which, according to our Cicerone,
ftands a Sort of Inn, whither young
People fometimesgo to divert themfelves, called
by the People of Prague, as he faid, Great and
Little Venice. The Breadth of the Moldau here
rnay_ be eafily underftood, from the brief Defcription
of the Bridge already given. Great
Venice faces the Little Town ; and Little Venice
lies in the Middle of the River, oppofite to the
Northern Extremity of the New Tozvn. There
are, befides thefe two Iflands, feme others, that
are fmaller, in that Part of the Moldau which divides
Little Prague from the Old and New Towns.
The New City is larger than the others,
touches the River in two Places, and encompafi'es
that Part of the Old City which is not
warned by the Moldau. Both the Little City
ngliih Gentlemen, &c. 3 3 i
and the New City, on the Land-fide, or that
Side facing the adjacent Territory, oppofite to
the River, are furrounded with a FoiTe and a
Wall, though they are Places of no great
Strength. Prague, according to Ricciolus, ftands
in 50 Deg. 40 Min. North Latitude, and
37 Deg. 23 Min. Longitude. Its Diftance from
Vienna, according to our Computation, which
may be depended upon, is about forty- five German
Miles, tho' fome of the Aujirian Geographers
will not allow it much to exceed thirty-fix.
Some believe that the City, where Marobo*
duus, King of the Marcomanni, called, as
fhould feem, by Ptolemy Marobudus, refided,
ftood on a Spot occupied at prefent by Part of
the City of Prague. Bojohamus, or Boviafmui,
is the Name given this City by Lipfius.
But this feems to have been the Name of a Province,
not of a City, as has been very juftly
obferved by "Cluverius. Hagecius thinks that
Maroboduush Capital ftood upon a Mountain,
or Hill, about a German Mile from Prague,
oppofite to the Monaftery of Sbra/lau ; but this
Situation feems rather to correfpond with that
of a Caftle, placed in the Neighbourhood of
this City by Tacitus. Others believe that the
Cafurgis of Ptolemy was formerly fituated there.
But to leave thefe, and other Conjecture?,
which muft be allowed very precarious, we
(hall give our Readers a ftiort and fuccincl: Account
of the Origin of Prague, extracted from
the moft authentic of the Bohemian Hiftorians.
Of the three Cities of which Prague confifts,
the Little Town is the moft antient. It
was built in the Year 723, by LibuJJa, the
Daughter of Cracus or Crocus, the fecond
Prince or Duke of Bohemia ; and deduced its
Name from the Bohe?nian Word Prah, which
fignifies a Gate, or Entry, according to Hagecius.
But, fuppofing the Little City to have
been built by LibuJJa, it muft be older than the
Year 723, as will hereafter fully appear. The
fame Author a Herts this Part of Prague to
have been firft furrounded with a Wall by
Nezamyjlus, or Nezamyjlius, the Son of LibuJJa ;
which, if the former Notion be admitted, is
probable enough. Notwithftanding which,
Lupacius attributes the Foundation of Prague
to Mnatha, the Son of Nezamy/lus, and the
firft Erection of a Wall about it to TVogenus,
the former Prince's Grandfon. But thefe jarring
Accounts feem to be reconciled by Hagecius,
when he affirms, that the Old Town was
firft built by Mnatha, about the Year 79=;, and
enlarged, as well as encompaffed on the Landfide
with a Wall, by JVogenus, in the Year
X % 2 850.
332 The Travels of three E
830. Udalricus, Duke of Bohemia, who died
in 1037, likewife added many new Buildings
to it. However, according to Balbinus, as
vet Old Prague was compofed only of wooden
Buildings, more refembling Soldiers Tents than
Citizens Houfes, after the Manner of all the
antient Towns erected in the Northern Parts of
the World ; till Sobiejlaus the Fuji, Duke of
Bohemia, who died in 1 140, caufed all thofe
Houfes to be pulled down, and rebuilt of
Stone, and, by improving the Symmetry of the
Streets, greatly beautified the Place. Charles
the Fourth, Emperor of the Romans, 3nd King
of Bohemia, annexed New Prague to the Old
Town, called it at firft Carlovia, and fortified
it with a Ditch and a Wall, about the Year
1 348. Laftly, The Little City was ftrengthened
in the fame Manner, in 1560. Within the
Wall of the New Town feveral Eminences are
inclofed ; and within that of the Little Town a
pretty noted Hill, called Mount Petrzin. The
Caftle, or Cittadel, denominated the JVifchehrad,
flands upon a high Mountain, and commands,
in a great Meafure, both the Old and
New Town. It was built, according to Meriaxus,
in the Year 683, and at firft received various
Names, viz. Pjary, Libice, &c. As the firft
Dukes of Bohemia held their Refidence in this
Place, it was, for a confiderable Time, efteemed
the principal Part of the City of Prague, but they
afterwards removed into iheOldTown. JViJchehrad,
in the Bohemian Tongue, fignifies a Cajlle,
Fortrefs, or High Cittadel. This Place now
ieems in a mean Condition, fcarce any Traces
of its former Grandeur at prefent remaining.
Such another Caftle commands Little Prague ;
which, for many Ages, has gone under the
Appellation of the Cajlle of St. Wencejlaus.
Prague was taken by Henry the Fowler, in
5730, when that Prince obliged St. Wencejlaus,
then Duke of Bohemia, to pay him an annual
Tribute. Bolefiaus, King of Poland, after he
had treacheroufly put out the Eyes of Bolejlaus^
Duke of Bohemia, whom he invited in a feemingly
amicable Manner to Cracovj, under the
Pretence of entering into an Alliance with
him, laid Siege alfo to Prague, about the Year
1000, and in two Years Time ftarved it to a
Surrender. However, he could not reduce the
IVtfchehrad \ which eluded all his Efforts, till
Udalricus, the Son or Brother of Bolejlaus, by
a fingular Stratagem, overthrew the Polijh
Army, in 1004. Wladijlaus the Second, Duke
of Bohemia, and Conrad, Prince of Znaim,
having been intirely defeated in a bloody Battle
by Otho, Prince of Olmutz, and feveral other
ngliih Gentlemen, &c.
Princes of the Przemyjlaan Family, Prague was
again befieged by the Victors, in 1142; but
Theobaldus, Brother to Wladijlaus, bravely defended
it, till the Emperor Conrad advanced
with a powerful Army to its Relief; at whofe
Approach theBefiegers thought proper to retire.
The City fuftained no other Damage from this
Siege, than what happened to the Churches of.
St. Vite and St. George, which were fet on
Fire by fome Flames conveyed to them by the
Enemy's Arrows. John, King of Bohemia,
having fome Difpute with Elizabeth, his
Queen, who, with Charles her Son, retired
to Melnick, and fufpe&ing that the Nobility of
Prague etpoufed her Intereft, he laid Siege to
his Capital City, with an Army raifed in Moravia,
A. D. 1 310. But William of Ha/enburg,
the Commandant, defended the Place
with great Valour, till the Arrival of Peter de
Rofis, who came with a formidable Army, to
the Succour of the Befieged ; and, after he had:
almoft driven the King out of the Field, reftored
Peace to Bohemia. The Citizens of the
Old and New Town joined the HuJJites, and,
after a vigorous Action, entered the Little
Town, in 141 9, Neither could the Emperor
Sigijmund, King of Bohemia, attended by AI*
bert, Archduke of Aujlria, afterwards Emperor,
the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburght
&c. retake Prague, though heaffaulted it from'
four different Quarters at once, with an Army
of 140,000 Men. The Befieged having thus,
under the Conduit of Zi/ka, repulfed the Emperor,
foon made themfelves Mafters of the
Wijchehrad ; which, till then, had been occu-r
pied by that Prince's Troops. This City
efpoufed the Intereft of Frederic Count Palatineof
the Rhine ; but- returned to the Houfe of
Aujlria, after the fatal Battle of WeiJJenberg*
near Prague, in 1620. The Saxons feized upon
it, in 163 1 ; but it was foon after recovered
by Wallenflein, the Imperial General.
Laftly, Count Konigfmarck, the Swedijh General,
making an Irruption out of the Upper
Palatinate into Bohemia, poffeffed himfelf of
the Little Town, and took the Caftle appertaining
to it at the firft Affault, in 1648. But
the Old and New: Town repulfed him in every
Attack, till the Treaty, then in Agitation ,
was figned. Thefe are the principal Events,
in which Prague has been more immediately
hitherto concerned.
The City is exceeding populous, containing,,
according the moft approved and authentic Accounts,
five-hundred-thoufand Souls; of which,
if fome may be credited, near Fifty-thoufand
are
'The Travels of three Englifh Gentlemen^ 6cc. 333
are Jews. Be that as it will, for at leaft four- not only thus dignified by Pope Clement the
hundred Years paff, its Citizens have been ex- Sixth, at the Defire of John., King of Bohetremely
numerous, as we may find attefted by mia, and his Son Charles, but had likewife
the beft Hiftorians, who have treated of the the Privilege of crowning the King of BoheBohemian
Affairs. Nay, we are told by Mat- mla transferred to him from the Archbifhop of
thias Lauda, a celebrated Writer, who lived Mentz. Nay Charles, SuccefTor to the aboveat
that Time, that in the Year 1419, notwith- mentioned 'John, King of Bohemia, obtained of
ftanding the Troubles the Kingdom was then Pope Urban the Fifth the Office of perpetual
involved in, Fifty-thoufand idle Men, or more, Legate, in the Diocefes of Ratisbon, Bammight
have been drawn into the Field in the berg, Mifnia, he. for the Archbifhop of
Day-time, without being miffed, or any fen- Prague, in 1365. After the Death of Conrad,fible
Diminution of the Inhabitants. A Thing, in 1431, Prague was deftitute of an Arch which,
notwithstanding the Authority of Lau- bifhop near Half an Age ; the Revenues beda,
will to many of our Readers, appear ab- longing to the Metropolitical Church there,
folutely incredible ! according to the Aujfrian and Bohemian WriPrague,
with its Territory, for above two- ters, having been fquandered away and diffihundred
Years, made up Part of the Diocefe pated by Conrad, whom they fcrupled not to
©f Ratisbon. But at the Defire of Bolejlaus accufe of Herefy. Neither could this ArchPius,
Duke of Bohemia, and his Sifter Mlada, bifhopric be put upon its primitive Footing,
then a Nun at Rome, by the Confent of St. though attempted by Wladijlaus and other
Wolffgang, Bifhop of Ratisbon, Ditmar, 2. Kings of Bohemia, till the Reign of the EmMember
of the Benediclin Convent at Mag- peror Ferdinand the Firji, of the Houfe of
deburg, was declared the firft Bifhop of Prague, Aujlria, who richly endowed it, reftored it to
by Pope John the Tlnrteenth, and confecrated, its primitive Luftre, and tranflated the Bifhop
as his Suffragan, by Hatto, or Robert, Arch- of Vienna, to the Metropolitical Church of
bifhop of Mentz. Ditmar was fucceeded by Prague, in 1562. We muff not here omit
St. Adalbert in 969, according to Hagecius y Obferving, that the Title of Prince was Conor,
as Balbinus will have it, in 979. St. Adal- ferred on the Bifhop of Prague, by King Wenbert,
or Wogtiechus, Nephew to Bolejlaus, was cejlaus^ in 1315, and confirmed to the Archdeftroyed
by the Pagans, in the mountainous bifhop of that City, by the Emperor Charles
Part of Pruffia, whither he went, as a Miffio- the Fourth, A. D; 1350. This Title was,,
nary, to propagate the Chriftian Religion, and however, for a long Time neglected, and, as
fucceeded by Theadagus, who belonged to a it were, loft ; but the Archbifhop, Zbignaus
Monaftery in Saxony, A. D. 997. After him. Berka, happily recovered it of the Emperor,,
came Helikardus, Izo, and Severus ; the laft Rudolphus the Second.of
whom, at the Requeft of the Moravians, Though the Limits we have prefcribed ourthough
his Diocefe was already very much di- felves will not permit us to give a minute and
minifhed, gave his Confent, that a new Bi- particular Defcription of all the principal
ihopric fhould be erected in Moravia. Which Churches and religious Houfes, nor even a bare
was accordingly done, Pope Alexander the Se- Enumeration of all the others, in Prague, yet
tend giving a Sanction thereto. Severus dy- we think it would be unpardonable to omit a
ing in 1067, Gerard, or Jaromir, fucceeded fhort Account of the following :
him, and re-united the Sees of Olmutz and 1. The Cathedral Church, in the Cittadel
Prague, the Emperor Henry giving his Confent belonging to the Little City, was founded by
thereto. After Gerard's Death, King Wra- St. Wencejlaus, in the Year 935, and dedicated
tijlaus again feparated the Diocefe of Olmutz to St. Vite. This was occafioned by Henry,
from that of Prague ; appointing one Cofmas King of Germany, then holding a Diet at Rato
prefide over the latter, in 1091. Ernejl de tisbon, who made a Prefent of an Arm of St.
Pardubicz, the twentieth Prelate from Cof- Vite to that Prince ; which induced him to
mas, was declared free from all Jurifdiction of build a Church in Honour of that Saint, as a:
the Archbifhop of Mentz, and confecrated proper Place to depefit it in. However,.
Archbifhop of Prague, the next Sunday before Death prevented him from fully executing his
Advent, 1343, in the ufual Manner. This is Defign ; he dying before the Church was fifaid
to have been foretold by St. Wolffgang to nifhed. Some Authors affirm, that the Church
Bolejlaus Pius, near four-hundred Years be- of St. Vite was confecrated by Michael, Bifore
it happened. The Bifhop of Prague y/as fhop of Ratisbon; and others by St. Wolffgang,
who
334 ^3e Travels of three Englifh Gentlemen, &C.
who prefided over the fame Diocefe. But thefe been kept as a moft invaluable Treafure. In
two different Opinions may be rendered con- Fine, here is depofited fuch an Infinity of faiiftent,
by fuppofing, that the firft Part of this cred Relicks, collected from all Parts of the
Church, built by St. Wencejlaus, was confecra- Chrijlian World by the Emperor Charles the
ted by the former Prelate, and the whole Edi- Fourth, that nothing like it of the Kind is to
fice, which was probably nnifhed in the Reign be met with out of the Walls of Rome.
of BoleJIaus Pius, by the Latter. Afterwards, 2. The Strahovian Church on Mount Petrzin,
about the Year 1060, Spitihnceus the Second, and the Hill or Tract called Ratzin, or RatJfirnamed
the Ji'Jl, obferving that a greater chin, belongs alfo to the Little Town. This
Number of People than the Church could con- Church may juftly be reckoned amongft the Oitain
crowded to the Tomb of St. Wencejlaus , naments of Prague, and has annexed to it a noble
he determined to remedy this Defect. In Or- Monaftery of the White Order of Prcemonjhants,
der to which he demoiiihed the Chapels, in founded and richly endowed by JVladiJlaus the
which St. Vite and St. Adalbert were wor- Eleventh, Duke of Bohemia, at the Initiation
Clipped, and erected one magnificent Church of Henry Zdik, in 1 143, Having received fome
for the three Saints, Vite, Adalbert, and Wen- additional Revenues, it was again confecrated
ceflaus ; but Death would not permit him to by Albert Archbifhop of Salizburg, by the
put the laft Hand to it. This afterwards go- Confent of Valentine Bifhop of Prague, near
ing to Decay, John, King of Bohemia, and forty Years after its Foundation. It was laid
Erneft, Archbifhop of Prague, laid the Foun- in Afhes about 1258, but, to the great Surdation
of a much more noble and auguft prize and Admiration of the. Citizens of Prague,
Church, in 1343, but the whole Fabric was rebuilt in a more fplendid Manner, at the fole
not finifhed till the 1396. The prefent Expence of John the Abbot, in about five
Church, was built by the Emperor Ferdinand Years Time. The Aujtrian Writers affirm,
the Firjl, in 1555, the former having been that it was deftroyed by the HuJJites, in 1421,
burnt, in 1541. It confifts of fquare-cut Stones, and erected again, with the Addition of two
compacted in the Gothic Tafte. Within the Odaa, in Honour of the Biejfcd Virgin MARY
Tower of St. Vite, which is very lofty, there ajfumed into Heaven, and St. ROCH.
is a Bell, faid to be twenty - two Thoufand Here is depofited the Body of St. Norbert,
feven-hundred Pounds Weight. In this Church Archbifhop of Magdeburg, and Patriarch of
there is a moft fumptuous Maufolaum, irt which the Pramonftratenfian Order, which was brought
the Bodies of the Emperors, Charles the Fourth, hither from Magdeburg, in 1626.
Ferdinand the Fir/I, Maxiinilian the Second, 3. The Church of St. George, with a reliRudolphus
the Second, and the Kings Ladijlaus, gious Houfe, inhabited by Virgins of the Rule
George of Podiebrad, &c. are depofited. But of St. Benedict, annexed to it, ftands in the
the greateft Ornaments of the Church of St. Caftle of Little Prague. This Nunnery is one
Vite, in the Opinion of the Bohemians, are of the moft antient religious Houfes in Prague,
the Bodies of St. Wencejlaus, St. Adalbert, St. having been built by Wratijlaus the Firft, Duke
Vite, and St. Sigifmund, King of Burgundy; of Bohemia, and Father of St. Wencejlaus, in the
all of which are honoured in their refpective Year 912, according to Hagecius ConradVnnce
Sacella, or Chapels. The fineft and moft of Znaim reduced it to Afhes, in 1142 ; which
grand of thefe is that of St. Wencejlaus, which obliged the Nuns firft to retire to a Houfe upon
fhines on all Sides with precious Stones, ef- one of the Banks of the Moldau, and from
pecially Jafper. To thefe may be added the thence to the Church of St. John Baptift j
noble and ftupendous Tomb of St. John Ne- where they remained till their former Habitapomucene,
fecured by a double Chancel, on tion was capable of receiving them. Agnes,
which if any Perfon carelefly treads, he will the Daughter of King Wladifiaus the Firft, the
inevitably, according to the Bohemians, foon Lady Abbefs here, not only adorned this Conmeet
with fome remarkable Misfortune, or vent with her Virtues and Sanctity of Life, butDifgrace.
This, they fay, has frequently been likewife greatly inriched it, in the thirteenth
proved ; fo that it paffes for an indifputable Century. The Hujfites expelled thefe Ladies
Truth amongft them. Upon this Tomb there a fecond Time, in 1421 ; but they afterwards
ftands the Foot of a Candleftick, of unknown recovered their former Situation. Amongft
Metal, brought hither from Milan, when that other Privileges, that thefe Nuns enjoy, may
Place was laid level with the Ground, by Fre- be ranked two, which are pretty remarkable
deric Barbarojfa, in 1 162, where it had long 1. Their Abbefs is exempt from all Archiepti-
copal
The Travels of three E
copal Jurifdiction, and even Subjection to the
Benediclin Order ; being fubject only to the
Pope, as having been taken under the immediate
Protection of the Holy See, by Pope
Eugenius the Third, in 1 145. 2. The fame
Lady has the fole Right and Privilege of
crowning, with her own Hands, the Queen
of Bohemia. Befides the Crucifix, which the
Bohemians pretend emits Blood from the Foot
of the Crofs, when any fignal Calamity is to
happen to their Country, there are here the
Remains of St. Ludmilla, the Blejfed Mlada
or Milada, and the Founder, on whofe Tomb
the Title Blejfed is infcribed,
4. The elegant Church of the Carmelites',
from whence the Proteftants were ejected in
1624, belongs to the Hill or Tract called
Radtfchin, or the upper Part of the Little Town.
5. As does the Church of Sr. Jofeph, with
the Carmelite Nunnery appertaining to it.
6. Wencejlaus the Second, firnamed the Good,
added a religious Houfe appropriated to the
Auguftines to the Church of St. Thomas, whofe
firft Prior Theobaldus, or Dipoldus, was of the
royal Familyt The Church of St. Thomas is
a fine Edifice, and famous for the fine Piece of
Painting of the grear Altar. It ftands likewife
in the Diftrict abovementioned.
7. The Church of St. Lawrence, with the
religious Houfe inhabited by Virgins of the
Order of St. Dominic translated to this Place
from Olmutz, was built by Elizabeth, Queen
of Bohemia, a little before her Death, in 1330.
8. The Church of Sancla Maria de Vicloria,
with the Monaftery of the Servites adjoining
to it, owes its Erection to the Emperor Ferdinand
the Second, in the Year 1628.
p. The Houfe of the Profeffbrs of the Society
of ye/us, befides a numerous Gymnafium
confifting of fix Schools, has two Churches,
one of which is called the German Church,
the other the Bohemian. The German Church
is famous for the lingular Neatnefs of its
Images, and the Remains of St. Crifpus and
St. Caius depofited in it ; the Bohemian, which
has a pretty large Parifh appertaining to it,
goes under the Name of .the Church of St.
JVenceJlaus.
10. The two Churches of St. Martha and
St. Mary Magdalen belong to the Order of
the Predicants.
1 1 . Of the two Churches appropriated to the
Knights of Malta, dedicated to the Blejfed
Virgin Mary and St. Procopius, the fecond was
ere&ed, at the Perfuafion of St. Procopius in a
Dream, by Sulifiaus and his Wife Dobromila,
nglifh Gentlemen, Sec. 335
and confecrated by Daniel Bifhop of Prague in
the Prefence of Ottccar the Firft, King, of Bohemia,
A. D. 1 2 13.
1 2. The Churches of St. John the Evangelift
under the Rock, of St. John at the Water- fide,
of St. Charles Borromeo in the Italian Hofpital,
of St. Peter and St. Paul at the Ferry, and St.
Mary Magdalen in the Vineyards, are not to
be paiTed over in Silence. Laftly, the Churches
of the Theatines, dedicated to the Blejfed Mother
of GOD, of the Barnabites at St. BenedicJ,
and of the Capuchins, with their Houfe of
Loretto, (hall conclude our Obfervations, with
Regard to the Places fet apart for religious
Purpofes, not only on Mount Petrzin, and the
Hill or Tract of Radtfchin, but in every Part
of Little Prague.
13. The Parifh Church of the Blejfed Virgin
ajfumed into Heaven, is famous on Account
of its Antiquity, being built by fome of the
Chriftian Dukes of Bohemia, and its Beauty,
both within and without. This ftands in the
Old Town.
14. Not far from the former, a Traveller
meets with the Church of St. fames, famous
for its Height, as well as for its efcaping the
Fury of the Hujfites, by the Bravery of the
Butchers who defended it. In Honour of thefe
Butchers, and to perpetuate the Memory of
this glorious Event, the Minorites erected a
Sort of Trophy over the Door of their Convent,
adjoining to St. James's Church, which likewife
owed its Prefervation to the Valour of the
Butchers, in 1 598.
15. The Church of our Saviour, which is
called the German Church, towards the Beginning
of the feventeenth Century, was built
by the Proteftants, who were afterwards difpofieffed
of it, and fucceeded by the Religious
of St. Francis de Paula. Thefe laft adorned it
in a moft beautiful Manner, after it came into
their Hands.
16. The Blejfed Agnes, Sifter of IVencefaus
the Firft, King of Bohemia, gave the Hofpital
at the Bridge, together with the Church of the
Holy Ghoft, to the Crutched Friars, who, by
the Indulgence of Pope Innocent the Fourth,
carried a red Star below the Crofs, in 1238.
Thefe Religious, after the Taking of ferufakm
by Saladine, fettled themfelves at Sc. Peter's
Church, in the Villageof Porzicz contiguous to
Prague. There is likewife another Order of
the Crutched Friars, viz. that of St. Cyriacus,
inflituted in 12^6, and confirmed bv Pope
Alexander the Fourth. The General, or Chief,
of this Order has refided InOld Prague, at the
Holy
'336 The Travels of three Engliili Gentlemen, Sec.
Holy Crofs, ever fince the firft Inftitution vilege granted this Monaftery, which belongs
of it. ; to the Benediclines, by the See of Rome.
17. The two Churches, and Convents, of 22. The College of the Regular Canons of
the Dominicans, one of which appertains to the St. Auguflin, in the New Town, with the beauNuns
of St. Anna, and the other to the Religir tiful Church appertaining to it, was begun by
ous of St. Giles, famous for its uncommon the fame Prince, about the Year 1351, but
Breadth, which they took Poffeffion of in not finifhed before 1377.
1625, deferve next to be mentioned. This 23. The Church of St. Maria ad Nives,
Order was firft fettled upon the Spot where the formerly a very grand and ftately Edifice, with
prefent Academical College of the Jefuits ftands. the Convent of the Carmelites adjoining to it,
The firft Dominicans that came here were a
Colony fent by St. Hyacinth, under his Brother,
the Blejfed Cejlaus, in 1222.
18. The Churches of St. Clement and our
Saviour belong to the Jefuits, who have likewife
a famous College here. Thefe Fathers
were invited to Prague by the Emperor ivrdinand
the Firft, in the Year 1552. In the
owed its Erection to the abovementioned
Charles the Fourth, in 1 347. In the Place of
this, deftroyed by the Hufjites, was afterwards
fubftituted that at prefent belonging to the
Minores Obfervantes of St. Francis, who have
likewife another Church, called The Church of
the Conception of the immaculate Blejfed Virgin.
Thefe Religious are known by the Name of the
former of thefe Churches the Jefuits preach in Jri/lo Religious, or the Irijh Francifcans.
High Dutch ; and in the latter, which was 24. The Jefuits College, in New Prague,
built chiefly at the Expence of the Family of is a noble and fuperb Building, adorned with a
Lobkowitz, in Bohemian, Gymnafium of fix Schools, and furrounded by
19. The Churches of the Blejfed Virgin three Churches ; of which the firft, being a
affumed into Heaven, erected, by Peregrine grand Structure, is dedicated to St. Ignatius,
Bifhop of Prague, about 1224, and ufed chiefly the Founder of the Jefuits Order ; the fecond
by the Italians, and that at St. Eligius, where to St. Francis Xavier, the Apoftleofthe Indians i
the Solemnities of the Goldfmiths are celebrated,
occur likewife to a Traveller vifiting Old
Prague. Thefe Churches are fmaller than
thofe of St. Clement and our Saviour, and likewife
belong to the Jefuits.
20- Befides the Churches and religious Houfes Body of Chrijl
and the third, which is the oldeft of the three,
being built by the Emperor Charles the Fourth
in 1364, and fometimes affigned to the Academical
Doctors of the Bohemian Nation, goes
under the Denomination of The Church of the
mentioned in the feven laft Articles, we meet
with the following Places, worthy of Notice,
in Old Prague The Churches of St. Martin,
of the Benediclines, of the Fratres Mifericordia,
of the Servites, of the Carmelites, of the Pramonftratenfes,
of the Nuns of Santa Clara', as
2"v The Parochial Church at St. Henry's,
in the New Town, deferves to be viewed by
every curious Traveller.
26. The Church of the Augujlines at St.
Catharine's, facing a high Tower, was built
by Charles the Fourth, who founded that realfo
the Churches of the Blejfed Virgin born at ligious Houfe for the Virgins of the Rule of
the Lake, St. Leonard, St. Valentine, St. Caftulus,
St. Paul in the Hofpital, St. John
Baptift at the Mills, St. Stephen the lefs, the
Holy Ghoft, which had formerly a Nunnery of
the Benediclin Order, founded by Nicolaus Rockanerus,
in 1 346, adjoining to it, and St. AnSt.
Benedict.
27. The Monaftery of St. TVenceflaus, inhabited
by difcalceated Friars, ftands likewife in
the New Town.
28. The fame may be faid of the Convent
of the Capuchins, called the Convent of St. Jodrew.
The Bohemians pretend, that, when this feph.
laft Church, with every Thing elfe in it, was 20. The TJrfuline Nuns have likewife a rereduced
to Afhes, by an accidental Fire, in ligious Houfe here.
1338, the venerable Hoft remained untouched 30. The Servites alfo have a Monaftery in
amidft the Flames. the New Town, built and endowed by the Em-
21. The Monaftery called Emmaus, founded peror Charles the Fourth, in 1 361.
by the Emperor Charles the Fourth, for the 31. Befides which, the Churches of The
Sclavonian Nation in 1347, and dedicated to Trinity, St. Clement, St.^ Peter, St. Adalbert ,
St. Jerom the Dalmatian, ftands in the New
Town. The Divine Service here is performed
in the Sclavonian Tongue, by Virtue of a PriSt.
Elizabeth, St. Nicholas, St. Michael, St.
Lazarus, St. Bartholomew, St. Apollinaris, and
St. Stephen the Greatery all in Nav Prague,
deferve
The Travels of three Eng
deferve to be feen by all Foreigners who make
any Stay here.
We muft not omit Obferving, that the Huffttes
deftroyed many Churches in Prague, which
were never afterwards rebuilt. In the Wifchehrad
only, according to Balbinus, they levelled
fourteen with the Ground. But, tho'
the Violences committed by them were undoubtedly
great, yet we queftion not, but they
have been aggravated by the Aujlrian and Bohemian
Hiftorians.
The Caftle or Cittadel of St. Wenceflaus,
which belongs to the Little Town, is feated in the
Hill or Diftrict of Radtfchin, and includes within
its Walls feveral noble Buildings. Nay, whether
we confider its moft commodious Situation,
its delightful Profpedt, its vaft Capacioufnefs
and Extent, or the Salubrity of its Air,
it may juftly be efteemed as one of the fineft,
moft beautiful, and moft auguft Palaces belonging
to the Houfe of Auftria, It owes its
chief Beauty to the Emperor Ferdinand the
Third, who reduced it to the more elegant
Rules of Architecture. Amongft the moft remarkable
Parts of it may be ranked the vaft
Parlour, or Hall, of Wladiflaus, called the
Sala, or Hall, and the Mathematical Houfe,
which ftands in the Royal Gardens. The former
is two hundred twelve Feet long, and
fixty broad ; and the latter coft the Emperor
Ferdinand the Firji, who built it, onehundred-thoufand
Florins. The Gardens,
in which this is fituated, are adorned with
many rare and felect Trees brought from Spain,
Italy, and even feveral Parts of Afia, in the
Reign of Rudolphus the Second. One of the
principal Curiofities, to be met with in the
Caftle of St. Wenceflaus, is a celebrated equeftrian
Statue of St. George, of Bell-Metal
the Workmanfhip of which is fo exquifitely
fine, that the Bohemians think it cannot be
parallelled. In this Caftle the States of the
Kingdom of Bohemia affemble, on all publick
Occafions ; and all the Tribunals are held in
it. When the Emperor comes to Prague, he
fixes his Refidence here.
The Town-Hall, or Council- Houfe, in
Old Prague, is eminent for its Bulk ; for the
Etection of, George, King of Bohemia ; and
for the fumptuous Banquets, and grand Entertainments,
given in it, by feveral Emperors
and Kings of Bohemia.
The old Town- Houfe, called Rychta, is a
very proper Place for Boxing-Matches, Wreftling,
or any fuch like Diverfions.
The two large Houfes or Palaces, where
VOL. V.
lifh Gentlemen, &c. 337
Tome of the Kings of Bohemia have formerly
refided, one of which, from the Money coined
in it, is filled Domus Monetaria, or the Mint,
the other ftill retaining the Name of the Old
Palace, may be confidered as fome of the Ornaments
of Prague.
But, in our Opinion, one of the fineft
Things Prague can boaft of, is the famous
Clock in the Council- Houfe, or Town- Hall,
of the Old City, already mentioned. This, or
rather the Maker of it, deferves a peculiar Encomium.
For, befides the Bohemian, or Ita*
lian, and German Hours, it prefents the whole
Face of the Heavens to one's View at once ;
exhibiting not only the Day, Month, and
Year, but likewife theRifings of the Sun and
Moon, the new and full Moons, the Eclipfes,
the Motions of the other Planets, the Signs of
the Zodiac, the Cycles, and chief Feftivals of
the Calendar. This curious and moft admirable
Machine is not to be parallelled in Germany,
nor, perhaps, in any other Part of the
World.
The Cuftom- Houfe and Toll- Booth at the
Bridge will be efteemed by all Perfons, who
have any Skill in Architecture, as fine and
magnificent Buiidings.
The Little Town, particularly the upper Part
of it, or the Hill or Diftrict called Ratzin, or
Radtfchin, abounds with noble and fuperb
Palaces, more than any other Part of Prague.
The Old and New Cities, however, are not
void of magnificent Structures. As the Limits
of the prefent Piece will not permit us even
to enumerate all the fine Edifices of this Metropolis,
we {hall content ourfelves with mentioning
thefe that follow, which are the principal
of thofe that chiefly engage the Attention
of every curious Traveller.
1. The Palace of Count Czernin is feated
in the Tract abovementioned. There are
many Pieces of Painting here, done by the
moft celebrated Hands of feveral Nations.
This Palace has likewife a noble Gallery,
which is generally efteemed as a great Ornament
to it.
2. In the fame Tract ftands the Palace
of the Archbifhop of Prague ; which
is very magnificent, and well worth See-
ing.
3. The Palace of the Prince de Schwartzenburg,
in the fame Part of Little Prague^
muft be allowed a very fplendid and fuperb
Edifice.
4. Our Guide fhewed us a Palace, in the Hill
or Diftrict of Radtfchin, which he called the
Y y Great
3 .8 The Travels of three E
Great Durchefs of Tufany's. This feemed
very ftately j but we were not within
it.
5, Count Martinitt's Palace, in the upper
Part of the Littl Town, makes a fine Ap-
pearance.
6. That of Count Thun, in the Little
Town, is an elegant and magnificent Struc-
ture.
7. That of Count Waldftein, in the
fame Town, is admired by moft Foreign-
ers.
8. The fame may be faid of that of the
Prince de Lichtenftein, in the fame Town.
9. The Palace of Count Martzin, in Little
Prague, is generally allowed to be a fine
Structure.
10. That of the Count de Colhwrath, in
the fame Town, is not inferior to many of
the preceding.
11. That of Count Wratifau, in the
fame Town, is a ftately and fuperb Edi-
fice.
12. That of the Prince de Furftetnburg,
in the fame Town, is a fplendid and magnificent
Palace.
1 3. The noble Palace of Count Gallas (rands
in the Old City.
14. As does that of Count Kinfki, which
ought to be feen by all the Strangers that
come to Prague.
15. The fine Palace of the Prince dePiccolamini
ftands likewife in Old Prague ; but
our Guide informed us, that he had a Seat
much furpafling this, about two German Miles
out of Town.
16. The laft Palace, we fhall take Notice
of, is that of Count Schafgotfcb ; which ought
to be viewed by every curious Foreigner,
that vifits this Metropolis.
According to the Author of an antient
Chronicon, cited by Balbinus, Prague muft
have been a very antient Seat of Literature,
fince he afTerts that the Mufes were banifhed
that Place, about the Year 1248. Wenceflaus,
King of Poland and Bohemia, near fifty Years
afterwards, at the Perfuafion of Tobias Bethinius,
Bifhop of Prague, declared his Refolution
of reinstating them in their Power
and Authority here ; but, as he was oppofed
herein by the Magiftracy and Nobleffe, that
falutary Defign could not be put in Execution.
But the Emperor Charles the Fourth
founded an Univerfity at Prague, in 1347^
fettling large Revenues upon it, and granting
it the fame Privileges as thofe enjoyed by
nglifh Gentlemen, &c,
the Univerfities of Paris and Bologna ; which
was confirmed by the Popes Clement the
Sixth, Urban the Fifth, Boniface the Ninth,
Innocent the Seventh, and Nicholas the Fifth.
As the Clergy of Prague contributed much
to inrich this Univerfity, the Archbifhop of
the City was appointed the perpetual Chancellor
of it. The Year following, viz. 1348,
it was divided into four Nations, viz. the
Bohemians, which comprehended the Moravians,
Hungarians, and Sclavonians, the Poles,
the Bavarians, and Saxons. Four Faculties
were likewife inftituted here, viz. Theology,
Law, Phyfic, and Philofophy. The firft
ProfefTors of which were M. Hermannus de
Vintfwik, M. Fridmannus de Praga, M.
Vigtoldus de Ofnaburgo, M. Henricus de Sicha,
M. Jenikus de Praga, M. Nicolaus de
Moravia, M. Dytherus de Widena, and M.
Henricus Volcrus. The Emperor Charles the
Fourth alfo erected a large and noble College
for thefe, called the Caroline College ;
and appointed them to fucceed to the Prebends
of the royal Church of All-Saints, belonging
to the Caftle or Palace already mentioned,
founded by him in 1342, according
to their Seniority. Befides the Caroline College,
that Prince built two others in Prague^
according to Hagecius. Amongft other Colleges,
here were likewife formerly the Collegium
Ccefareum, or the College of King
Wenceflaus, who founded it in 1399 ;
Queen'sCollege,
founded by Hedwig, Queen of Poland,
for the Lithuanians, lately converted
to the Chrijlian Faith, in 1397 ; the College
of St. Wenceflaus, founded long before the
Year 1407, for the Bohemian Nation, but
then richly endowed by Wenceflaus de Chotlow,
Minifter of the royal Church, or Chapel
of All-Saints, who was therefore confidered
as its Founder ; the College of the
Bleffed Virgin Mary, erected for the Ufe of
the fame Nation, by 'John Reczko de Ledecz,
chief Magiftrate of the Old City, in 1438;
the Collegium Nazarathenum, or NazarethCollege,
founded by one Crux, a Sort of
Factor, in 141 2, near the Church called Bethlehem,
facred to the Apoftles St. Mattheiv and
St. Mark j and laftly, the College of the
Apoftles, or the College of Lauda, built by
M. Matthias Lauda de Chlumczan in 1407,
according to Hagecius, or, as Balbinus will
have it, in 1451.
The Number of Students at Prague is not
near fo confiderr.b!e now as it was in the
Time of John Hus, if any- Credit may be
given
The 'Travels of three E
given to the dujlrian and Bohemian Hifrorians.
Hus, being in great Favour with the
Queen, by her Means obtained of King
JVenceJlaus a Decree, which gave the Bohemians
the fame Privileges in the Univerfity of
Prague, that the French enjoyed in the Univeriity
of Paris. This fo incenfed the German
Students and ProfefTors, that, in about
eight Days Time, Forty-thoufand of them
are faid to have abandoned Prague. The Univerfities
of Leipfick, Ingoldftadt, and Roftoch,
according to the Bohemian Writers,
owed their Origin to this Seceffion. Hagecius
afferts, that, before this fatal Accident,
which happened about the Year 1408, there
were at leaft forty-four Thoufand Foreigners,
who ftudied in Prague ; whereas the higheft
Accounts, we received of the Number of
Students at prefent feated here, did not make
them to amount to Ten-thoufand, even including
the Boys inftrucled in Grammar and
Rhetoric. Nay, fome Accounts reduced
them to little more than Half that Number.
We were told that the Scholars had frequent
Skirmifhes and Engagements with the Jews,
to whom they bear a mortal Averfion ; and
that One-thoufand of them had lately taken
on in the Emperor's Service. The Emperor
Ferdinand the Third united the Academies,
founded by his Predeceffors Charles the Fourth
and Ferdinand the Fir/}, in the Clementine
College of the Jefuits ; fo that at prefent the
Principles of Theology and Philofophy are
explained in the latter, and thofe of Law and
Phyfic in the former. This College, frequently
called the Carolina- Ferdinandean College,
is extremely noble, fiately, and grand,
and pofTeffed by the Jefuits, to whofe Care
the Education of Youth here is chiefly committed.
The Doctors in all Faculties are created,
and take their Degrees, and all folemn
Acts of the Univerfity, as in our Convocation
and Senate Houfes at Oxford and Cambridge,
are performed in this College. We
were told, that the Quarrels between the
Scholars, who are divided into Humanijls
and Facultifts, as our Guide informed us,
and the Jews were fometimes attended with
fuch fatal Confequences, that the Imperial
Troops in Garrifon found themfelves obliged
to interpofe.
Prague being a Place of no great Strength,
and of a very large Extent, requires a Garrifon
of at leaft thirty-thoufand Men to defend
it, if attacked by a numerous and well-difciplined
Army. The Walls may be eafily
ngliih Gentlemen, &cc. 339
fcaled, except defended by a fufficient Body
of Troops, by Soldiers endued with a common
Degree of Refolution ; neither can the
Wifchehrad, the only Part of Prague capable
of making any tolerable Refiftanee, hold out
long againft a powerful Enemy. The Garrifon
of Prague, at prefent commanded by
General Ogilvy, of Scotch Extraction, is fa;d
to confift only of a Angle Battalion of regular
Troops, though upon any Emergency a
Body of Militia might eafily be thrown into
the Town. Our Guide informed us, that
Col. Montgomery and Col. Mackawly, the
firft a Scotchman and the latter an Irijhman9
two Officers in the Emperor's Service, refuted
here ; but we did not fee either of them.
Some fkilful Engineers, after viewing the
Place, are faid to have declared, that Prague,
though poffeffed by a numerous Garrifon,
can never be fo fortified as to make a
very long Defence againft a much fuperior
Force.
The noble College of the Jefuits, already
mentioned, has a fine Library ; where, as we
were informed, the Works of Luther, Calvin^
and fome of the other firft Reformers are
depofited. But thefe, as we likewife learned,
are not to be looked into by any, except
fome few of the fenior Fathers. The College
is exceeding large, both with Regard to
the Extent of its Buildings, and its foundation.
The Number of Fathers belonging to
it, according to fome authentic Accounts
we received, amounts to between two and
three-hundred, including thofe imployed in
the Miffions. We were two or three Times
to fee this College, and were always received
by the Fathers with great Affability and Po-
litenefs.
'.
Some of the Churches here are adorned with
tolerable good Paintings, though, in oui Opinion,
none of them can be deemed exquifitely
fine. The beft we faw was one reprefenting
the Immaculate Conception of the
Blejfed Virgin Mary, in the Church of the
Capuchins, in the Hill or Tract called Radtfchin
; and fome in the Church of the Crutched
Friars, in Old Prague, done by Rayner a
German. The Church of the Carmelites of
St. Gallus has likewife fome internal Decorations
of this Kind, which deferve to be
feen.
In feveral of the Churches, where the Bodies
of Saints are depofited, may be (ten
hanging up printed Papers, with the Thefes
defended by fome of the .Students of Prag'M\
Y y 2 under