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Syntax
Pavel Caha
8 Nov 2021
1 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 2 / 112
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CP
C
that
TP
NP
the customer in the corner
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
VP
V
ordering
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(1) a. VP → describe an event
b. AspP → perspec ve: event seen from inside/outside
c. TP → anchor it in me with respect to the speech me
d. CP → the anchored event is a fact/wish/query/condi on 3 / 112
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ellipsis
(2) A: The customer in the corner will order the drinks before the
meal.
(3) B: Actually, I wouldn’t be so sure that he will —.
4 / 112
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ellipsis
(2) A: The customer in the corner will order the drinks before the
meal.
(3) B: Actually, I wouldn’t be so sure that he will —.
TP
NP
He
TP
T
will
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
4 / 112
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(4) A: The customer in the corner order-ed the drinks.
5 / 112
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(4) A: The customer in the corner order-ed the drinks.
VP
NP
The customer in the corner
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
5 / 112
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(4) A: The customer in the corner order-ed the drinks.
VP
NP
The customer in the corner
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
(5) B: *Actually, I wouldn’t be so sure that he —.
5 / 112
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(4) A: The customer in the corner order-ed the drinks.
VP
NP
The customer in the corner
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
(5) B: *Actually, I wouldn’t be so sure that he —.
(6) B: Actually, I wouldn’t be so sure that he did —.
5 / 112
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The sentence always has V and T
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
6 / 112
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The sentence always has V and T
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
7 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
8 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(7) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
8 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(7) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
8 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(7) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
8 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(7) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
8 / 112
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How are a xes treated by the grammar?
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
ordered
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
(7) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
8 / 112
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Rescue 1: Exple ve inser on
TP
NP
He
TP
T
d-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
9 / 112
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Rescue 2a: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order--ed
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
10 / 112
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Rescue 2b: Head movement
TP
NP
He
TP
T
order-
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
11 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 12 / 112
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Introducing an adverb
TP
NP
He
TP
T
will
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
13 / 112
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Adverb and lowering
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
14 / 112
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.
TP
NP
He
TP
T VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order-ed
NP
the drinks
15 / 112
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.
TP
NP
*He
TP
T
-
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
16 / 112
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.
French
TP
NP
Elle
she
TP
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
17 / 112
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.
TP
NP
*Elle
TP
T
- ( )
VP
AdvP
toujours
VP
V
achet-ait
NP
le journal
18 / 112
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.
TP
NP
Elle (She)
TP
T
achet-ait
VP
AdvP
toujours
VP
V
achet
NP
le journal
19 / 112
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Summary
(8) When a head is an a x...
20 / 112
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Summary
(8) When a head is an a x...
a. Rescue 1: insert an exple ve
20 / 112
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Summary
(8) When a head is an a x...
a. Rescue 1: insert an exple ve
b. Rescue 2: move something
20 / 112
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Summary
(8) When a head is an a x...
a. Rescue 1: insert an exple ve
b. Rescue 2: move something
(i) move the a x = a x hopping
20 / 112
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Summary
(8) When a head is an a x...
a. Rescue 1: insert an exple ve
b. Rescue 2: move something
(i) move the a x = a x hopping
(ii) move the host = head movement
20 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 21 / 112
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Do-support
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
22 / 112
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Do-support
TP
NP
He
TP
T
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
23 / 112
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Do-support
TP
NP
He
TP
T
V T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
24 / 112
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Do-support
TP
NP
He
TP
T
V
d
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
25 / 112
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Do-support
TP
NP
He
TP
T
V
d
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
26 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 27 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
28 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
29 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
V
order
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
30 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
V
order
T
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
31 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
V
order
T
-ed
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
32 / 112
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Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
VP
V
V
order
T
-ed
NP
the drinks
PP
before the dinner
33 / 112
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Introducing an adverb
TP
NP
He
TP
T
will
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
34 / 112
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Adverb and lowering
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
35 / 112
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Adverb and lowering
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
order
NP
the drinks
36 / 112
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Adverb and a x hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
-ed
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
V
order
T
NP
the drinks
37 / 112
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Adverb and a x hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T
ed
VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
V
order
T
-ed
NP
the drinks
38 / 112
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.
Adverb and a x hopping
TP
NP
He
TP
T VP
AdvP
later
VP
V
V
order
T
-ed
NP
the drinks
39 / 112
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.
Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 40 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
41 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
42 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
43 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
V T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
44 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
V
achet
buy
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
45 / 112
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.
Sub-strategy II: Head movement
TP
NP
Elle
She
TP
T
V
achet
buy
T
-ait
ed
VP
AdvP
toujours
always
VP
V
achete
buy
NP
le journal
the paper
46 / 112
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.
Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 47 / 112
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.
Future tense
(9) Petr
Petr
bude
will
muset
have.to
číst
read
knihy.
books
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
48 / 112
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.
(10) Condi onal
a. Jest
be
-li
-
Petr
Petr
bude
have.to-
muset
read-
číst
books
knih-y
‘if Petr reads books, ...’
49 / 112
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.
(10) Condi onal
a. Jest
be
-li
-
Petr
Petr
bude
have.to-
muset
read-
číst
books
knih-y
‘if Petr reads books, ...’
b. Bude
will
-li
-
Petr
Petr
muset
have.to
číst
read
knihy,
books
...
49 / 112
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.
CP
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
50 / 112
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.
CP
C
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
51 / 112
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.
CP
C
V C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
52 / 112
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.
CP
C
V
jest
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
53 / 112
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.
CP
C
V
jest
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
54 / 112
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.
.
Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 55 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
56 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
57 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
58 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
(11) a. *Muset-
read
li
-if
Petr
Petr
bude
will
číst
books,
knihy,
...
...
58 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
59 / 112
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.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
(12) a. *Muset-
read
li
-if
Petr
Petr
bude
will
číst
books,
knihy,
...
...
59 / 112
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.
.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
60 / 112
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.
.
CP
C
T
bude
is
C
-li
if
TP
NP
Petr
Petr
TP
T
bude
will
ModP
Mod
muset
have to
VP
V
číst
read
NP
knihy
books
(13) a. *Muset-
read
li
-if
Petr
Petr
bude
will
číst
books,
knihy,
...
...
b. *Bude
will
muset
read
číst
-if
knihy-li
Petr
Petr,
books
...
60 / 112
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.
.
The economy of movement
(14) When we move a host to the su x:
61 / 112
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.
The economy of movement
(14) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
61 / 112
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.
The economy of movement
(14) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
61 / 112
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.
The economy of movement
(14) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
▶ Speci c to each language / universal?
61 / 112
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.
The economy of movement
(14) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
▶ Speci c to each language / universal?
▶ If universal, are these speci c to language?
61 / 112
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.
Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 62 / 112
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
b. I wonder whether the inspector will be staying at the
pub.
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
b. I wonder whether the inspector will be staying at the
pub.
c. Will the inspector will be staying at the pub?
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
b. I wonder whether the inspector will be staying at the
pub.
c. Will the inspector will be staying at the pub?
(16) Will -Q the inspector be staying at the pub?
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
b. I wonder whether the inspector will be staying at the
pub.
c. Will the inspector will be staying at the pub?
(16) Will -Q the inspector be staying at the pub?
(17) Blagoj
Blagoj
čete
reads
kniga
book
‘Blagoj is reading a book.’
63 / 112
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(15) a. The inspector will be staying at the pub.
b. I wonder whether the inspector will be staying at the
pub.
c. Will the inspector will be staying at the pub?
(16) Will -Q the inspector be staying at the pub?
(17) Blagoj
Blagoj
čete
reads
kniga
book
‘Blagoj is reading a book.’
(18) Čete-li
Reads-Q
Blagoj
Blagoj
čete
book?
kniga?
‘Is Blagoj reading a book?
63 / 112
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(19) The inspector will be staying at the pub.
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
64 / 112
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(20) ... whether the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
whether
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
65 / 112
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(21) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
66 / 112
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(22) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
67 / 112
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(23) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
68 / 112
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(24) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
T C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
69 / 112
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(25) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
T
Will
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
70 / 112
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(26) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
T
Will
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
71 / 112
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(27) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
T
Will
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
72 / 112
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(28) Will the inspector be staying at the pub.
CP
C
T
Will
C
Ø
TP
NP
The inspector
TP
T
will
AspP
Asp
be
VP
V
staying
PP
at the pub
73 / 112
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The economy of movement
(29) When we move a host to the su x:
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The economy of movement
(29) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
74 / 112
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The economy of movement
(29) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
74 / 112
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The economy of movement
(29) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
▶ This does not seem speci c to individual languages
74 / 112
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The economy of movement
(29) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
▶ This does not seem speci c to individual languages
74 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 75 / 112
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Recall
C
T
T
Asp
V
objedn
Asp
-áv
T
-á
subj
-š
C
-li
C
C
that
T
subj
you
T
T
will
Asp
Asp
be
V
ordering
76 / 112
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Recall
(30) The Mirror Principle
77 / 112
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Recall
(30) The Mirror Principle
a. The order of morphemes inside words is the mirror
image of the order of words in syntax
77 / 112
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Recall
(30) The Mirror Principle
a. The order of morphemes inside words is the mirror
image of the order of words in syntax
b. The order of morphemes mirrors the syntac c
deriva on
77 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
78 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
79 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
V 3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
2
3P
3
V
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3
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VP
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NP
...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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2
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3P
3
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VP
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...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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2P
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2
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3
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...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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3
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...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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2P
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3
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...
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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2P
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2
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3
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VP
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...
90 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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...
91 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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2P
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3 2
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3P
3
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...
92 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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3
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...
93 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
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3
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2
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
95 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
96 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
97 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
98 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
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2
2
3P
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V
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VP
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NP
...
99 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
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VP
V
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NP
...
100 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
101 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
102 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2 1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
103 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3 2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
104 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3
V 3
2
2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
105 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
V
NP
...
106 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
107 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
3
VP
V
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NP
...
108 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
1P
1
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
1
1
2P
2
3
V
V
3
3
2
2
3P
3
V
V
3
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VP
V
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NP
...
109 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
▶ Head movement derives mirror deriva ons
110 / 112
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Deriving the Mirror Principle
▶ Head movement derives mirror deriva ons
110 / 112
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Recap
Choosing between head-movement and a x hopping
Exple ve inser on in more detail
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Using an exis ng host
Sub-Strategy I: A x Hopping
Czech
Selec ng the host
Ques on forma on 111 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
b. Head movement
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
b. Head movement
(33) When we move a host to the su x:
112 / 112
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(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
b. Head movement
(33) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
112 / 112
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.
(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
b. Head movement
(33) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
112 / 112
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.
(31) When a head is expressed by an a x, syntax must provide a
host for that a x.
a. Strategy 1: insert an exple ve
He d-ed order the drinks.
Jest -li Petr bude číst knihy
b. Strategy 2: use an exis ng host
He order-ed the drinks.
Bude -li Petr číst knihy, ...
(32) Strategy 2 comes in two types
a. A x hopping (lowering)
b. Head movement
(33) When we move a host to the su x:
a. Move as short as possible
b. Move as li le possible
▶ Derives the Mirror E ect in morphology
112 / 112