KOREAN CLASS WEEK 6 INDEX •Counter •Adverb •Key Sentences •Korea’s Culture ㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇㅇ 1 하나(한) Hana(Han) 2 둘(두) Dul(Du) 3 셋(세) Set(Se) 4 넷(네) Net(Ne) 5 다섯 Daseot 6 여섯 Yeoseot 7 일곱 Ilgob 8 여덟 Yeodeol 9 아홉 Ahop 10 열 Yeol 20 스물 Seumul 30 서른 Seoreun 40 마흔 Maheun 50 쉰 Swin 60 예순 Yesun 70 일흔 Ilheun 80 여 Yeodeun 90 아흔 Ahuen •Sino-Korean Numbers •Native-Korean Numbers è Read Dates (11/17) è Read Money (50 won) Things With Counters (5 flowers) è •Korean Numbers Before we learn counters, we need to slightly know about Korean numbers systems first. Korean language has two different number systems. One is called the Sino-Korean numbers system, which is of Chinese origin. The other is Native Koreans numbers system. We learned some examples which use Sino-Korean, dates. Also, when we say money, we use Sino Korean. But when words are with counters, mostly we use Native Korean Numbers. The most complicated case is for time. When we want to express time, we use both Sino Korean and Native Korean. For example, if we want to say 11:55, we use Native Korean for eleven and Sino Korean for 55. Then, for 11, we can find ‘Yeol’, ‘han’. And, for 55, we can find ‘Osib’, ‘o’. It looks difficult, but once you all memorize how to say native Korean 1 to 12, you can feel much easier. Anyway, again, there are two number systems in Korean, and for counters, we use Native Korean Numbers. 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 •counter Korean Counters help to talk about things which is countable. There are a lot of counters in Korean, so we will study basic counters today. Let’s repeat these together first. 명 and 사람 is similar, but 명 is more frequently used I think. It doesn’t have different meaning though. In formal situation, we use 분(bun). And also, ‘개(gae)’ is the most frequently used counter. When you don’t know what counter to use, 개 will work. Just be careful not to use 개 when you count people, because it is only for non-human things. Also not for animals. Let’s take a closer look at these. •Two students •One person •Five roses •Three times •Six pinetrees •Fourty-seven slices •Fifty-three chocolates •86 years old English (number + word) Korean (word + number + counter) [Changing with Counters] 1) 하나(hana) + (Counter) è 한 (Han) 2) 둘(dul) + (Counter) è 두 (Du) 3) 셋(set) + (Counter) è 세 (Se) 4) 넷(net) + (Counter) è 네 (Ne) [Combination] Ex. 17 = 10+7 è 열(yeol) + 일곱(ilgop) Ex. 89 = 80+9 è 여든(yeodeun)+아홉(ahop) Native-Korean Numbers 1 하나(한) Hana(Han) 2 둘(두) Dul(Du) 3 셋(세) Set(Se) 4 넷(네) Net(Ne) 5 다섯 Daseot 6 여섯 Yeoseot 7 일곱 Ilgob 8 여덟 Yeodeol 9 아홉 Ahop 10 열 Yeol 20 스물 Seumul 30 서른 Seoreun 40 마흔 Maheun 50 쉰 Swin 60 예순 Yesun 70 일흔 Ilheun 80 여 Yeodeun 90 아흔 Ahuen And when native-Korean numbers are combined with counters, 하나, 둘, 셋, and 넷 change. 하나 into 한, 둘 into 두, 셋 into 세, and 넷 into 네. They are changed only when counter is behind them. How to make number more than 10? It is also same as sino Korean numbers. For example, if you want to say 17, then it is 10+7. so you say 10, 열 first and then say 7, 일곱. Now let’s practice how to use counters. Two students – students are people, so we can use 명 or 사람. This time are going to use 명. First, put ‘학생’, which means students in English, at first. Then, put numbers next. Two is ‘두’ in Native Korean. And Finally, put counter. Next example is quite interesting. ‘한’, which means 1(one) in Korean, goes first. It’s because the counter ‘사람(saram)’ literally means person. There are some counters which also have meaning. 사람, 번 or 조각 is examples. In those cases, we don’t have to put word first, so we delete them. Again, one, ‘한’ and then counter, ‘사람(saram)’. 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 •Question word Now we are going to learn the question word, ‘몇’ which means how many in Korean. It may feel difficult for you guys. As you learned before, in Korean, date or time are all expressed by numbers. So when we ask date or time, we use ‘몇(myeot)’. We also use 몇 for age or floor. Let’s take a closer look again. •Question word [몇] 몇 [myeot] -When we do not know the number of persons or objects, we use ‘몇’ to ask the number. -Related to numbers -Similar to ‘How Many’ -Counters are always behind it -It doesn’t always have to be in front of the sentences. Basic Form: 몇 [myeot] + (Counter) 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 ‘몇’ is used when we do not know the number of persons or objects. It is ‘How many’ in English. It has different meaning, which mean ‘some’ or ‘few’, but this time we will not gonna learn. Counter always follows ‘몇’. And we don’t always have to use ‘몇‘in front of the sentence. It is usual btw. Let’s practice with some examples. What time shall we meet? In Korean, we think ‘time’ is related with numbers, so we use ‘몇’. And we learned before, ‘시’ is used when we want to express time. 11시 55분. So ‘몇 시‘ means What time. Let’s practice together. We can also make different sentence by change ‘만날까요’. [저녁 먹을까 설명] There is another example. How many credits do you take this semester? Again, credits are countable, so we use ‘몇‘ to ask. 몇 + 학점(credits). 들어 is take, and this semester is 이번 학기 in Korean. Let’s repeat together. [이번 학기에 몇 학점 들어?] 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 •Adverb Let’s learn about adverbs that are used a lot in Korean. The adverbs on this slide are mainly used between sentences to change the conversation flow. Let’s read it one by one together 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 •Adverb [bballi] 읽기 매우, 너무, 아주 all have similar meanings. If you're trying to say “it is very delicious“(맛있다), you can say 매우 맛,아주 맛, 너무 맛 all. 주다(give)= 주+다 [ju da] 있다(is)= 있+다 [it da] KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 가다(go)= 가+다 [ga da] Next, let's learn about the key sentence. The sentence is divided into four parts. Restaurants & cafes, personal questions, time & date, and in school. Along with the key sentence, I will tell you the general form of the sentence like this. Various sentences can be made by putting the appropriate components in the blanks in this basic sentence format. 영어-한국어 Water corresponds to What you want. And then you put the numbers that you learned earlier that are used to count the units. Like 한, 두, 세 “잔” is measure nouns. Then you can put action or verb stem here. In this sentence, verb ‘주다’ is put here. When I want water, I get water, but the other person gives me water. In Korean, we usually say 'could I have~' as ‘~ 주시겠어요?’ 예시 읽기 -------------- 영어-한국어 냅킨 corresponds to What. Then you can put action or verb stem here. In this sentence, verb ‘있다’ is put here. 예시 읽기 하다(do)= 하+다 [ha da] 했어요(did) [hae sseo yo] KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 먹다(eat)= 먹+다 [meokda] 먹었어요(ate) [meogeosseoyo] 영어-한국어 오늘 corresponds to When. 카페에서 corresponds to where 숙제 corresponds to what Then you can put action or verb stem here. In this sentence, verb ‘하다’ is put here. The form of the word 하다 has changed to the past tense 했어요. 예시 읽기 -------------- KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 주다(give)= 주+다 [ju da] 알다(know)= 알+다 [al da] 있다(is)= 있+다 [it da] 영어-한국어 You can put in the target you want and the quantity of the target. 읽기 ---------- 영어-한국어 When you wonder where the place is, you can ask questions by putting a word indicating the place. 알다 is know so you should add verb stem 알 here. 읽기 KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 주문(noun: order)= 주문+하다 (verb: order) [ju mun ha da] 영어-한국어 너 corresponds to Who. 주문 is order. You can add action noun 주문 in here. 예시 읽기 포장해주다(wrap up)= 포장해주+다 [po jang hae ju da] KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 많다 [adjective](a lot, most, much)= 많+다 [manh da] 영어-한국어 남은 음식 corresponds to What. Then put action or verb stem 포장해주 here. 읽기 ------- 영어-한국어 메뉴 corresponds to What. 많다 is adjective in Korean and mean a lot many, much, most. So you can put 많 the adjective stem in here. 읽기 KEY SENTENCES - in café & restaurant 영어-한국어 You can put in the target you want this blank. Also you can say 이랑 or 랑. It depends on the presence of a 받침. If previous word have 받침, you should say 이랑. But there is no 받침, you should add just ‘랑’ 읽기 KEY SENTENCES - private question 영어 한국어 Fill in the blanks with the objects you are curious about and the units of objects you are curious about. 예시 읽기 ----------- ＇남편＇ is a noun that represents a husband ‘’일' is a noun that refers to a job or work. In this English sentences, there is no noun that corresponds to ‘일’ exactly. You just have to memorize it like an expression. 읽기 KEY SENTENCES - private question 없다 [adjective](no, not exist)= 없+다 [eop da] 없습니다(polite) [eop seum ni da] 영어 한국어 명사를 넣고 숫자를 넣는다. 하지만 이 문장에서 딸은 없다. “없습니다“ is polite expression of ‘없다‘ 읽기 --------- 영어 한국어 기혼, 미혼, is a noun is Korean. 읽기 KEY SENTENCES - private question 시작!! 나이 is noun and means age. May I ask = 여쭤봐도 될까요? Is polite expression. KEY SENTENCES - private question 종교 = religion. 당신의 = your, what is = 뭡니까? So you can create many sentence chaging this noun black. For example, What’s your religion? = 당신의 이름(name)은 뭡니까? Next, You can answer by putting the religion corresponding to the blank. Christian is 기독교 in Korean. KEY SENTENCES - private question 태어나다(be born)= 태어나+다 [tae eo na da] 자라다(Grow up, raise)= 자라+다[jarada] 나오다(Graduate)= 나오+다[na o da] 전공하다(Major in)=전공하다 [jeon gong ha da] Be born = 태어나다. 자라다 You can add appropriate place and verb here. For example, Germany 독일. 학교 = noun 나오셨나요? =is a pollite questionable form of 나오다. You can change this word to give various answers. 예를 들어 Economics KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE What day is ~? ~이/가 무슨 요일이죠? •What day is it tomorrow? 내일이 무슨 요일이죠? [naeiri museum yoirijyo?] • •What day is Christmas? 크리스마스가 무슨 요일이죠? [(Christmas) ga museun yoirijyo?] *내일 - tomorrow KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE When is your ~ ? ~ 이 언제입(십)니까? •When is the vacation? 휴가가 언제십니까? [hyuga-ga eonje-simnikka?] • •When is your Final test? 기말고사가 언제입니까? [gimalgosa-ga eonje-imnikka?] ~ will be on (N: date). ~ 은 N월 N일 N요일입니다. •Next concert will be on Wednesday, November 16th. 다음 콘서트는 11월 16일 수요일입니다. [daeum (concert) neun 11wol 16il suyoirimnida] •Mid-term test will be December 25th. 중간고사는 12월 25일입니다. [junggangosa-neun 12wol 25irimnida.] What date does (schedule) (end/start)? (schedule)이 언제 (끝나지/시작하지)? •What date does mid-term test start? 중간고사가 언제 시작하지? [junggangosa-ga eonje- sijakaji?] •What date does this trip end? 이 여행이 언제 끝나지? [i yeohaeng-i eonje- kkeunnaji?] *휴가 – vacation / 기말고사 – final test / 중간고사 – midterm test / 여행 – trip KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE When did you (verb) (place)? 언제 (place)에 (verb)? •When did you arrive in Brno? 언제 브루노에 도착했습니까? [eonje (Brno) eh dochakaetseumnikka] • •When did you visit NewYork? 언제 뉴욕에 방문했나요? [eonje (NewYork) eh bangmun-haennayo?] When is (adj.) time for you? 당신에게 (adj.) 시간은 언제세요? •When is the best time for you? 당신에게 최고인 시간은 언제세요? [dangsin-ege choego-in sigan-eun eonje-seyo?] It’s already after (time). 벌써 (time)이/가 넘었어요. •It’s already after seven. 벌써 일곱 시가 넘었어요. [beolsseo ilgop siga neomeosseo-yo.] *방문하다 – visit, 최고 – the best KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE When is your ~ ? ~ 이 언제입(십)니까? •When is the vacation? 휴가가 언제십니까? [hyuga-ga eonje-simnikka?] • •When is your Final test? 기말고사가 언제입니까? [gimalgosa-ga eonje-imnikka?] ~ will be on (N: date). ~ 은 N월 N일 N요일입니다. •Next concert will be on Wednesday, November 16th. 다음 콘서트는 11월 16일 수요일입니다. [daeum (concert) neun 11wol 16il suyoirimnida] •Mid-term test will be December 25th. 중간고사는 12월 25일입니다. [junggangosa-neun 12wol 25irimnida.] What date does (schedule) (end/start)? (schedule)이 언제 (끝나지/시작하지)? •What date does mid-term test start? 중간고사가 언제 시작하지? [junggangosa-ga eonje- sijakaji?] •What date does this trip end? 이 여행이 언제 끝나지? [i yeohaeng-i eonje- kkeunnaji?] *휴가 – vacation / 기말고사 – final test / 중간고사 – midterm test / 여행 – trip KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE Which criteria should be met to get ~ ? ~ 을/를 받으려면 어떤 기준을 충족해야 하나요? •Which criteria should be met to get credits? 학점을 받으려면 어떤 기준을 충족해야 하나요? [hakjeomeul badeuryeomyeon eotteon gijuneul chungjokaeya hanayo?] • •Which criteria should be met to get bonus point? 추가 점수를 받으려면 어떤 기준을 충족해야 하나요? [chuga jeomsu-reul badeuryeomyeon eotteon gijuneul chungjokaeya hanayo?] I have to go to (schedule) (time). (time) (schedule)러 가야 해. •I have to go to eat dinner now. 지금 저녁먹으러 가야 해 [jigeum jeonyeongmeogeuro gaya hae] • •I have to go to take a quiz tomorrow. 내일 퀴즈 보러 가야 해 [naeil (Quiz) boreo gaya hae] *추가 점수 – bonus point / 지금 – now / 퀴즈 - quiz KEY SENTENCES - PRIVATE QUESTION KEY SENTENCES - TIME & DATE Do you want to ~ together (time)? (time) 같이 ~ 할래? •Do you want to drink alcohol together now? 지금 같이 술 마시러 갈래? [jigeum gachi sul masireo gallae?] • •Do you want to see a movie together next Monday? 다음 월요일에 같이 영화 볼래? [daeum woryoire gachi yeonghwa bollae?] I have to go for (schedule) after ~. ~ 끝나고 (schedule) 가야 해. •I have to go for doing assignment after lunch. 저녁식사 끝나고 과제 하러 가야 해. [jeonyeo-ksiksa kkeunnago gwaje hareo gaya hae] • •I have to go for having lunch after this class. 이 수업 끝나고 점심 먹으러 가야 해. [i sueop kkeunnago jeomsim meogeuro gaya hae] *영화 – movie / 과제 – assignment / lunch – 점심(식사) / 수업 - class GRAMMAR - PALATALIZATION GRAMMAR - LIQUIDIZATION BATCHIM PRONOUNCE Consonant base Pronunciation Example ㄱ,ㅋ,ㄲ [ㄱ] 책[책]:Book-{Caeck}, 부엌[부억]:Kitchen-{Bueok}, 약[약]:Medicine-{Yak}, ㄴ [ㄴ] 산[산]:Mountain-{San} ㄷ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅊ,ㅌ,ㅎ [ㄷ] 낮[낟]:Daytime-{Not}, 꽃[꼳]:Flower-{ggoat} ㄹ [ㄹ] 길[길]:Road-{Gil} ㅁ [ㅁ] 몸[몸]:Body-{Moam} ㅂ,ㅍ [ㅂ] 밥[밥]:Rice-{Bap}, 숲[숩]:Forest-{Soop} ㅇ [ㅇ] 강[강]:River-{Gang} There may be more than one consonant for ‘batchim’, but today we will only lean cases which only one consonant comes. And before we start, we should know that ‘ㄸ’, ‘ㅉ‘ and ‘ㅃ’ do not come as a ‘Batchim’. The remaining consonants can be divided into seven types according to the pronounced consonants. First, ㄱ, ㅋ and ㄲ are all prodounced as ‘ㄱ’. They have k sound. [책] Chae / k. [부엌] Boo-Eo / k. [닦다] Da / k – Da] And we can pronounce ㄴ 받침, with the alphabet ‘n’. [산] sa / n. [간] Ga / n. Next is quite challenging. ㄷ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ and ㅎ are pronounced as ‘ㄷ’. They all have ‘t’ sound 받침. [받침] Ba / t – chim. [씻다] Ssi / t – da. [낮] Na – t. (Not). [꽃] Ggo – t. (Ggoat). Consonant ㄹ also sounds same even it is in the batchim position. You can add ‘l’ at the end. [길] Gi / l. [말] Ma / l. Consonant ㅁ sounds same even it is in the batchim position. You can add ‘m’ at the end. [몸] mo / m ( moam). [감] Ga / m. ㅂ and ㅍ all sound ㅂ, which sounds ‘p’, when they are batchim. [밥] Ba / p. [숲] Soo / p Finally, it’s “o”. ‘o' has no pronunciation when it first came to syllable. It only makes an ng sound when it uses as 받침. [아이브] ah – i – beu. [강] Ga / ng. GRAMMAR - NASALIZATION •A phenomenon in which consonants other than the original nasal sounds are changed to nasal sounds (ㄴ, ㅁ, ㅇ) under the influence of neighboring nasal sounds. • • • 1.'ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ’ + ‘ㄴ, ㅁ’ → ［ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅇ］ 2. 2.'ㅁ, ㅇ’ + ‘ㄹ’ → ［ㅁ, ㅇ］ + ［ㄴ］ 3. 3.‘ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ’ + ‘ㄹ’ → ‘ㅂ, ㄷ, ㄱ’ + ［ㄴ］ → ［ㅁ, ㄴ, ㅇ］ + ［ㄴ］ 4. When a ㄴ, ㄹ, or ㅁ interacts with other consonants, sometimes it undergoes nasalization. Nasalization basically means it forces another consonant to become a nasal sound ㄴ, ㅇ or ㅁ. First Syllable Consonant Second Syllable Consonant Becomes… Examples ㅂ/ㄷ/ㄱ ㄴ/ㅁ ㅂàㅁ ㄷàㄴ ㄱàㅇ No change 밥맛[밤맏] 악마[앙마] 거짓말[거진말] [Bammat] [Angma] [Geojinmal] ㅁ/ㅇ ㄹ No change ㄹàㄴ 심리[심니] 승리[승니] [Simni] [Seungni] ㅂ/ㄷ/ㄱ ㄹ ㅂàㅁ ㄷàㄴ ㄱàㅇ ㄹàㄴ 왕십리[왕심니] 덧니[던니] 폭력[퐁녁] [wangsimni] [deonni] [pongnyeok] 거짓말 à [거짇말] à [거진말] 덧니à[덛니]à[던니] With batchim pronounciation… GRAMMAR – NASALIZATION EXAMPLE When a ㄴ, ㄹ, or ㅁ interacts with other consonants, sometimes it undergoes nasalization. Nasalization basically means it forces another consonant to become a nasal sound ㄴ, ㅇ or ㅁ. IMPORTANT !! 같이 ( ㅇ ) 가치 ( x ) 대통령 ( ㅇ ) 대통녕 ( x ) 텍스트, 침실이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 KOREA’S CULTURE - HOLIDAY 추석 [CHUSUK] •Chuseok is Korean Thanksgiving Day (August 15th in the lunar calendar) • •Eat 송편[songpyeon] - Rice cake made of rice flour mixed with boiling water and stuffed with sesame, beans, and red beans in a half-moon shape. • •강강술래[GangGangSulRae] • •씨름[SsiRuem] • 플레이트, 과일, 후식, 야채이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 여러개이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 Video: https://youtu.be/_8SBM-aZoTI 밤이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 텍스트, 사람, 육상경기, 플레이어이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 WATCH VIDEO •강강술래 [ganggangsulrae] •https://youtu.be/FtXMvWOzwI4 설 [SUL] •It is the first day of the New Year, and there is a custom of greeting and saying words of blessing as the first holiday of the year.(January 1st, in the lunar calendar) • •윷놀이[Yutnoli] • •떡국[ddeokguk] 테이블, 실내, 음식, 목재의이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 실내이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 텍스트, 실내, 테이블이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 도시, 도로, 여행, 고속도로이(가) 표시된 사진 자동 생성된 설명 USEFUL WEBSITES Thank you 댓글 심장 단색으로 채워진