‘PRIMITIVISM’ AND THE MODERN OTHER MODERNISMS 11 OCTOBER 2023 TODAY 1.Overview of different Primitivisms 2.Critical look at Primitivism 3.Examples, case studies 4.More examples ’PRIMITIVISM’ •art that employs ‘primitive’ elements or forms •Primitivism in art involves the appreciation and imitation of art (craft) and practices perceived to be “primitive,” or at an earlier stage of a supposed common scale of human development. 1. 1.‘Primitives’ of the 14-15th century 2.Non-western = south American, south Asian, and especially Africa, Oceania 3.Untrained amateur artists 4.Child art • CHILD ART An open book with a picture of a child Description automatically generated Franz Čižek (1865-1946) AMATEUR ART • Inspirujte se vývěsními štíty a poutači z Paříže - Podnikatel.cz Městské muzeum a galerie Břeclav - Muzeum, Synagoga, Zámeček Pohansko, Lichtenštejnský dům Detektiv Nick Carter byl „vždy ve střehu“ nejen proti Adéle - iDNES.cz ‘ITALIAN PRIMITIVES’ •Masaccio, The Tribute Money, fresco in the Brancacci Chapel in Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence. Around 1425 Giotto, Lamentation (The Mourning of Christ), Scrovegni Chapel, around 1305 undefined undefined LATE 19th CENTURY •Artists exhausted artistic ideas related to naturalism •The French, British, Germans look overseas for inspiration • http://legacy.earlham.edu/~vanbma/20th%20century/images/manetzola.jpg Edouard Manet, Portrait of Emile Zola (1868) Henri de Toulouse Lautrec, Reine de Joie (1892) Vincent van Gogh, The Bridge in the Rain (after Hiroshige) (1887) Hiroshige, A Sudden Shower and the Bridge (1856-8) Manes Exhibition.bmp Arnošt Hofbauer, Poster for the 1898 Mánes Exhibition, Topič Gallery, Prague Hokusai Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa.jpg Hokusai – The Wave (1823-29) NOBLE SAVAGE •Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-78): • •lives according to universal natural law •Is inherently moral and good •Possesses indigenous knowledge •lives simple life • • AVATAR: The Way of Water Limitovaná edice (2 Blu-ray) •ORIENTALISM •Sees non-Europeans as unenlightened or illogical, •justifies European intervention in that culture •PRIMITIVISM •parallels these early fixations with Eastern civilizations. •Primitivism is a mixture of admiration and denigration, appreciation and exploitation, elevation and repression. • European supremacy Paul Gauguin, Tahitian Women on the Beach (1891) Paul Gauguin Two Tahitian Women (1899) Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) “The masks were unlike any other sculpture. Not in the least. They were pathfinders – the Negroes’ sculptures – against everything; mysterious, menacing spirits.” Paris, Musée du Trocadéro, erected for Exposition Universelle of 1878 undefined GERMANY ‘In our own time every earthenware vessel or piece of jewellery, every utensil or garment, has to be designed on paper before it is made. Primitive peoples, however, create their works with the material itself in the artist’s hand, held in his fingers. They aspire to express delight in form and the love creating it. Absolute originality, the intense and often grotesque expression of power and life in very simple forms – that may be why we like these works of native art.’ Emil Nolde ‘Primitive Art’ (1912) in Charles Harrison and Paul Wood, eds, Art in Theory 1900-1990, Oxford, 1992, 102. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/23/%27The_Prophet%27%2C_woodcut_by_Emil_Nolde%2C_1912.jp g Emil Nolde, The Prophet (1912) Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Bathers in a Room, 1909 Bathers in a room, 1909-after 1926. by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner DIE BRÜCKE DER BLAUER REITER Mask, Nootka (Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde, Dresden, cat.no.... | Download Scientific Diagram Dresden Trocadero Entrée gratuite au Musée du Quai Branly (réservation) Musee du Quai Branly, Paris České Budějovice Paris Colonial Exposition - Wikipedia Paris 1931 Colonial Exposition: History, Images, Interpretation — Ideas Paris Exposition Coloniale Internationale 1931 His. Thème 4 - Colonisation et décolonisation - MDeforge “Primitivism” in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern exhibition, curated by William Rubin and Kirk Varnedoe “absolute repression of primitive context, meaning, content, and intention.” Thomas McEvilly, “Doctor Lawyer Indian Chief” Artforum, November 1984 https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1907 MUSEUM OF MODERN ART, NEW YORK Primitivism in 20th Century Art: Affinity of the Tribal and the Modern [Photograph DMA_1371-010] - The Portal to Texas History JOSEF ČAPEK (1887-1945) •Nejskromnějši umění (The Humblest Art), 1920 •Umění přírodních národů (The Art of Native Peoples), 1938 📗 Umění přírodních národů - Josef Čapek (1957, Československý spisovatel) 📗 Nejskromnější umění ; Málo o mnohém - Josef Čapek (1962, Československý spisovatel) •Henri Rousseau, The Football Players, 1908 Henri Rousseau | The Football Players | The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation Christ on the Mount of Olives Hans Holbein the Elder, Christ on the Mount of Olives, around 1500 •Josef Čapek, Singing Girls, 1938 Josef Čapek – 5. Povídání o pejskovi a kočičce Doggie and Pussycat, illustration, 1928 Paul Gauguin, Vision After the Sermon (1888) Vision After the Sermon - Wikipedia undefined Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857 • undefined Landscape with Factory Chimney, 1910 undefined Yellow-Red-Blue, 1925 VASSILY KANDINSKY •Song of the Volga, 1906 Song of the Volga od Wassily Kandinsky •Couple Riding, 1906 Couple Riding (1906) by Wassily Kandinsky Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849 Joža Uprka, Gravellers, 1894 JOŽA UPRKA (1861-1940) Joža Uprka, Young Man from Lanzhot, 1910s Joža Uprka, Indian Summer, 1927 Joža Uprka, The Pilgrimage to St. Anthony, 1894 August Rodin v Praze a na Moravě / jak to tehdy bylo - ArtRevue Pražská Pallas a Moravská Hellas. 1902: Auguste Rodin v Praze a na Moravě: Moravské zemské muzeum Auguste Rodin in Moravia Hodonín, Gallery of the Fine Arts: Pražská Pallas a Moravská Hellas 1902: Auguste Rodin v Praze a na Moravě • undefined Joža Uprka, Ride of the Kings, 1897 ANNA LESZNAI (1885-1966) Image Lesznai Anna | Graphic design illustration, Vintage book, Original drawing • Slovak Lourdes by Anna Lesznai (1924) • CRAACE Anna Lesznai, The Slovak Lourdes, 1924 •Find out about these works and authors. •What is primitivist about the work and why? •Paul Gauguin, The Seed of the Areoi 1892 •Vassily Kandinsky, Das Bunte Leben, 1907 Das bunte Leben – Wikipedia •Natalia Goncharova, Haycutting, c. 1910 Haycutting, c.1910 - Natalia Goncharova - WikiArt.org •Henri Rousseau, Myself. Portrait Landscape, 1890 Summing up PRIMITIVIST ART •Goes against conventions •References the idea of the ‘noble savage’ • •Contains a level of •Naivety •simplicity, sincerity •purity and instinct •timeless innocence •truthfulness •nudity • •Inspired by non-European works, art of children, amateur artists, historic precedents (Italian, Dutch primitifs, El Greco, …)