The Sustainable Development Goals
At the historic UN General Assembly Summit in
September 2015, the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development was adopted by the
UN’s 193 member states.The 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) and their 169
targets are part of this agenda.
The Sustainable Development Goals are a bold,
universal agreement to end poverty and all its
dimensions and craft an equal, just and secure
world – for people, planet and prosperity.
The SDGs have been developed through an
unprecented consultative process that brought
national governments and millions of citizens
from the globe together to negotiate and
adopt this ambitious agenda.
FAO and the SDGs
FAO has played a key role in the post 2015
development agenda process and has been
an active contributor to the Inter-agency and
Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal
indicators. Its Strategic Objectives are aligned to
achieving the SDGs relevant to its work.
FAO focuses on monitoring of six goals: SDGs 2,
5, 6, 12, 14 and 15. Compiling the globally
agreed indicators to monitor the progress
on the SDGs is a great challenge for member
countries with regard to their current data
availability, statistical capacity and resource
capability.
FAO is therefore assisting countries through
actions that will help mainstream the goals in
national development planning, implement
activities to achieve them, and monitor and
report progress through globally agreed
indicators.
Indicators and a sample of FAO actions for
these six goals are included in this booklet.
As custodian of the 21 indicators attached to
the goals, FAO is engaged in methodological
development and providing technical
assistance to countries to build their statistical
capacity. A dedicated web portal will be
established to report national data on
indicators under this custodianship.
In addition, FAO flagship publications are being
upgraded to meet the SDG global reporting
requirements.
OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
Protect our Planets natural resources
and climate for future generations
Planet
People
End poverty and hunger
in all forms and ensure
dignity and equality
Ensure prosperous and
fulfilling lives in harmony
with nature
Prosperity
Foster peaceful, just and
inclusive societies
Peace
Implement the agenda through
a solid global partnership
Partnership
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at
all age
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and
promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and
girls
Ensure availability and sustainable management of
water and sanitation for all
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and
modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment and decent
work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
10
13
16
11
14
17
12
15
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and
its impacts
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice
for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Strengthen the means of implementation and
revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development
1Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
1
NO
POVERTY
End poverty in all its
forms everywhere
2 Sustainable Development Goals
1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people
everywhere, currently measured as people living on
less than $1.25 a day
1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of
men, women and children of all ages living in
poverty in all its dimensions according to national
definitions
1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection
systems and measures for all, including floors, and
by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor
and the vulnerable
1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in
particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal
rights to economic resources, as well as access to
basic services, ownership and control over land
and other forms of property, inheritance, natural
resources, appropriate new technology and financial
services, including microfinance
1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in
vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and
vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and
other economic, social and environmental shocks
and disasters
3Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from
a variety of sources, including through enhanced
development cooperation, in order to provide
adequate and predictable means for developing
countries, in particular least developed countries, to
implement programmes and policies to end poverty
in all its dimensions
1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national,
regional and international levels, based on pro-poor
and gender-sensitive development strategies, to
support accelerated investment in poverty
eradication actions
4 Sustainable Development Goals
2
ZERO
HUNGER
End hunger, achieve food
security and improved nutrition
and promote sustainable
agriculture
5Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all
people, in particular the poor and people in
vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe,
nutritious and sufficient food all year round
2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including
achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed
targets on stunting and wasting in children under
5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of
adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and
older persons
2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and
incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular
women, indigenous peoples, family farmers,
pastoralists and fishers, including through secure
and equal access to land, other productive resources
and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets
and opportunities for value addition and non-farm
employment
2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production
systems and implement resilient agricultural
practices that increase productivity and production,
that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen
capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme
weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and
that progressively improve land and soil quality
6 Sustainable Development Goals
2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds,
cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated
animals and their related wild species, including
through soundly managed and diversified seed and
plant banks at the national, regional and
international levels, and promote access to and fair
and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the
utilization of genetic resources and associated
traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed
2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced
international cooperation, in rural infrastructure,
agricultural research and extension services,
technology development and plant and livestock
gene banks in order to enhance agricultural
productive capacity in developing countries, in
particular least developed countries
2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and
distortions in world agricultural markets, including
through the parallel elimination of all forms of
agricultural export subsidies and all export measures
with equivalent effect, in accordance with the
mandate of the Doha Development Round
2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of
food commodity markets and their derivatives and
facilitate timely access to market information,
including on food reserves, in order to help limit
extreme food price volatility
7Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
Indicators under FAO custodianship
2.1.1 Prevalence of undernourishment
2.1.2 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity
in the population, based on the Food Insecurity
Experience Scale (FIES)
2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of
farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size
2.3.2 Average income of small-scale food producers, by
sex and indigenous status
2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural area under productive
and sustainable agriculture
2.5.1 Number of plant and animal genetic resources for
food and agriculture secured in medium or long
term conservation facilities
2.5.2 Proportion of local breeds, classified as being at
risk, not-at-risk or unknown level of risk of
extinction
2.a.1 The agriculture orientation index for government
expenditures
2.c.1 Indicator of (food) price anomalies
8 Sustainable Development Goals
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Training at regional and national levels on how to
implement the statistical model used to estimate
the Prevalence of Undernourishment
✍ Technical assistance for a FIES module of
8-10 questions to be added to national household
surveys
✍ Preparation of guidelines and training materials on
how to implement integrated surveys in agriculture
to maximize data availability
✍ Organization of an expert meeting to advance a
consensus on methodology
✍ Organization of webinars and workshops to train
national focal points on the use of tools to report on
conserved plant and animal genetic resources
✍ Development of a module in the Food Price
Monitoring and Analysis Tool which will allow
countries to calculate the indicator automatically
9Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
End poverty in all its
forms everywhere3
GOOD HEALTH
& WELL-BEING
Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for
all at all ages
10 Sustainable Development Goals
3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to
less than 70 per 100,000 live births
3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and
children under 5 years of age, with all countries
aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as
low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality
to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births
3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat
hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other
communicable diseases
3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from
non-communicable diseases through prevention and
treatment and promote mental health and well-being
3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance
abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use
of alcohol
3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and
injuries from road traffic accidents
3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and
reproductive health-care services, including for
family planning, information and education, and
the integration of reproductive health into national
strategies and programmes
3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial
risk protection, access to quality essential health-care
11Sustainable Development Goals
NO
POVERTY
End poverty in all its
forms everywhere
services and access to safe, effective, quality and
affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all
3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths
and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water
and soil pollution and contamination
3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health
Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco
Control in all countries, as appropriate
3.b Support the research and development of vaccines
and medicines for the communicable and noncommunicable
diseases that primarily affect
developing countries, provide access to affordable
essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with
the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and
Public Health, which affirms the right of developing
countries to use to the full the provisions in the
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect
public health, and, in particular, provide access to
medicines for all
3.c Substantially increase health financing and the
recruitment, development, training and retention of
the health workforce in developing countries,
especially in least developed countries and small
island developing States
3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular
developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction
and management of national and global health risks
12 Sustainable Development Goals
4
QUALITY
EDUCATION
Ensure inclusive and
equitable quality education
and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
13Sustainable Development Goals
4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free,
equitable and quality primary and secondary
education leading to relevant and effective learning
outcomes
4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access
to quality early childhood development, care and
pre-primary education so that they are ready for
primary education
4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men
to affordable and quality technical, vocational and
tertiary education, including university
4.4 By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth
and adults who have relevant skills, including
technical and vocational skills, for employment,
decent jobs and entrepreneurship
4.5 By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education
and ensure equal access to all levels of education
and vocational training for the vulnerable, including
persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and
children in vulnerable situations
4.6 By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial
proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve
literacy and numeracy
14 Sustainable Development Goals
4.7 By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the
knowledge and skills needed to promote
sustainable development, including, among others,
through education for sustainable development and
sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality,
promotion of a culture of peace and non- violence,
global citizenship and appreciation of cultural
diversity and of culture’s contribution to sustainable
development
4.a Build and upgrade education facilities that are child,
disability and gender sensitive and provide safe,
non-violent, inclusive and effective learning
environments for all
4.b By 2020, substantially expand globally the number
of scholarships available to developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, small island
developing States and African countries, for
enrolment in higher education, including vocational
training and information and communications
technology, technical, engineering and scientific
programmes, in developed countries and other
developing countries
4.c By 2030, substantially increase the supply of
qualified teachers, including through international
cooperation for teacher training in developing
countries, especially least developed countries and
small island developing States
15Sustainable Development Goals
5
GENDER
EQUALITY
Achieve gender equality and
empower all women and girls
16 Sustainable Development Goals
5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women
and girls everywhere
5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women
and girls in the public and private spheres, including
trafficking and sexual and other types of
exploitation
5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early
and forced marriage and female genital mutilation
5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic
work through the provision of public services,
infrastructure and social protection policies and
the promotion of shared responsibility within the
household and the family as nationally appropriate
5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and
equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of
decision-making in political, economic and public
life
5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive
health and reproductive rights as agreed in
accordance with the Programme of Action of
the International Conference on Population and
Development and the Beijing Platform for Action
and the outcome documents of their review
conferences
17Sustainable Development Goals
5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to
economic resources, as well as access to ownership
and control over land and other forms of property,
financial services, inheritance and natural resources,
in accordance with national laws
5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in
particular information and communications
technology, to promote the empowerment of
women
5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and
enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender
equality and the empowerment of all women and
girls at all levels
Indicators under FAO custodianship
5.a.1
(a) Percentage of people with ownership or secure
rights over agricultural land (out of total agricultural
population), by sex; and
(b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of
agricultural land, by type of tenure
5.a.2
Percentage of countries where the legal framework
(including customary law) guarantees women’s
equal rights to land ownership and/or control
18 Sustainable Development Goals
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Engaging in capacity development activities,
including e-learning courses on how to collect and
analyse the information required,
✍ Training government staff through regional
workshops and technical support missions
19Sustainable Development Goals
16
CLEAN WATER
AND SANITATION
Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and
sanitation for all
20 Sustainable Development Goals
6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to
safe and affordable drinking water for all
6.2 By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all and end open
defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
6.3 By 2030, improve water quality by reducing
pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing
release of hazardous chemicals and materials,
halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and
substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse
globally
6.4 By 2030, substantially increase water-use efficiency
across all sectors and ensure sustainable
withdrawals and supply of freshwater to address
water scarcity and substantially reduce the number
of people suffering from water scarcity
6.5 By 2030, implement integrated water resources
management at all levels, including through
transboundary cooperation as appropriate
6.6 By 2020, protect and restore water-related
ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands,
rivers, aquifers and lakes
21Sustainable Development Goals
1
6.a By 2030, expand international cooperation and
capacity-building support to developing countries in
water- and sanitation-related activities and
programmes, including water harvesting,
desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment,
recycling and reuse technologies
6.b Support and strengthen the participation of local
communities in improving water and sanitation
management
Indicators under FAO custodianship
6.4.1 Change in water use efficiency over time
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as
a proportion of available freshwater resources
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Help to improve the quality and quantity of the
AQUASTAT database, with development of
monitoring tools and methodologies and carrying
out the proof-of-concept process in six countries,
with following development of a baseline survey
✍ Strengthening capacities for data collection and
processing by preparing training material and
organizing both in-country and regional training
22 Sustainable Development Goals
7
AFFORDABLE &
CLEAN ENERGY
Ensure access to affordable,
reliable, sustainable and
modern energy for all
23Sustainable Development Goals
7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable,
reliable and modern energy services
7.2 By 2030, increase substantially the share of
renewable energy in the global energy mix
7.3 By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in
energy efficiency
7.a By 2030, enhance international cooperation to
facilitate access to clean energy research and
technology, including renewable energy, energy
efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel
technology, and promote investment in energy
infrastructure and clean energy technology
7.b By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade
technology for supplying modern and sustainable
energy services for all in developing countries, in
particular least developed countries, small island
developing States and landlocked developing
countries, in accordance with their respective
programmes of support
24 Sustainable Development Goals
8
DECENT WORK
AND ECONOMIC
GROWTH
Promote sustained, inclusive and
sustainable economic growth,
full and productive employment
and decent work for all
25Sustainable Development Goals
8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance
with national circumstances and, in particular, at
least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per
annum in the least developed countries
8.2 Achieve higher levels of economic productivity
through diversification, technological upgrading and
innovation, including through a focus on high- value
added and labour-intensive sectors
8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that
support productive activities, decent job creation,
entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and
encourage the formalization and growth of micro-,
small- and medium-sized enterprises, including
through access to financial services
8.4 Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource
efficiency in consumption and production and
endeavour to decouple economic growth from
environmental degradation, in accordance with the
10-year framework of programmes on sustainable
consumption and production, with developed
countries taking the lead
8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment
and decent work for all women and men, including
for young people and persons with disabilities, and
equal pay for work of equal value
8.6 By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of
youth not in employment, education or training
26 Sustainable Development Goals
8.7 Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate
forced labour, end modern slavery and human
trafficking and secure the prohibition and
elimination of the worst forms of child labour,
including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and
by 2025 end child labour in all its forms
8.8 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure
working environments for all workers, including
migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and
those in precarious employment
8.9 By 2030, devise and implement policies to promote
sustainable tourism that creates jobs and promotes
local culture and products
8.10 Strengthen the capacity of domestic financial
institutions to encourage and expand access to
banking, insurance and financial services for all
8.a Increase Aid for Trade support for developing
countries, in particular least developed countries,
including through the Enhanced Integrated
Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to
Least Developed Countries
8.b By 2020, develop and operationalize a global
strategy for youth employment and implement the
Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour
Organization
27Sustainable Development Goals
9
INDUSTRY,
INNOVATION AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
Build resilient infrastructure,
promote inclusive and sustainable
industrialization and foster
innovation
28 Sustainable Development Goals
9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient
infrastructure, including regional and transborder
infrastructure, to support economic development
and human well-being, with a focus on affordable
and equitable access for all
9.2 Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization
and, by 2030, significantly raise industry’s share of
employment and gross domestic product, in line
with national circumstances, and double its share in
least developed countries
9.3 Increase the access of small-scale industrial and
other enterprises, in particular in developing
countries, to financial services, including affordable
credit, and their integration into value chains and
markets
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit
industries to make them sustainable, with increased
resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of
clean and environmentally sound technologies and
industrial processes, with all countries taking action
in accordance with their respective capabilities
9.5 Enhance scientific research, upgrade the
technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all
countries, in particular developing countries,
including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and
substantially increasing the number of research and
29Sustainable Development Goals
development workers per 1 million people and
public and private research and development
spending
9.a Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure
development in developing countries through
enhanced fnancial, technological and technical
support to African countries, least developed
countries, landlocked developing countries and
small island developing States
9.b Support domestic technology development,
research and innovation in developing countries,
including by ensuring a conducive policy
environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification
and value addition to commodities
9.c Significantly increase access to information and
communications technology and strive to provide
universal and affordable access to the Internet in
least developed countries by 2020
30 Sustainable Development Goals
0
REDUCED
INEQUALITIES
Reduce inequality within
and among countries1
31Sustainable Development Goals
10.1 By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain
income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of
the population at a rate higher than the national
average
10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social,
economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective
of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion
or economic or other status
10.3 Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities
of outcome, including by eliminating
discriminatory laws, policies and practices and
promoting appropriate legislation, policies and
action in this regard
10.4 Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social
protection policies, and progressively achieve
greater equality
10.5 Improve the regulation and monitoring of global
financial markets and institutions and strengthen
the implementation of such regulations
10.6 Ensure enhanced representation and voice for
developing countries in decision-making in global
international economic and financial institutions in
order to deliver more effective, credible,
accountable and legitimate institutions
32 Sustainable Development Goals
10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible
migration and mobility of people, including
through the implementation of planned and
well-managed migration policies
10.a Implement the principle of special and differential
treatment for developing countries, in particular
least developed countries, in accordance with
World Trade Organization agreements
10.b Encourage official development assistance and
financial flows, including foreign direct investment,
to States where the need is greatest, in particular
least developed countries, African countries, small
island developing States and landlocked
developing countries, in accordance with their
national plans and programmes
10.c By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the
transaction costs of migrant remittances and
eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher
than 5 per cent
33Sustainable Development Goals
1
SUSTAINABLE
CITIES AND
COMMUNITIES
Make cities and human
settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
1
34 Sustainable Development Goals
11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and
affordable housing and basic services and upgrade
slums
11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable,
accessible and sustainable transport systems for all,
improving road safety, notably by expanding
public transport, with special attention to the
needs of those in vulnerable situations, women,
children, persons with disabilities and older
persons
11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable
urbanization and capacity for participatory,
integrated and sustainable human settlement
planning and management in all countries
11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the
world’s cultural and natural heritage
11.5 By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths
and the number of people affected and
substantially decrease the direct economic losses
relative to global gross domestic product caused
by disasters, including water-related disasters, with
a focus on protecting the poor and people in
vulnerable situations
35Sustainable Development Goals
11.6 By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita
environmental impact of cities, including by paying
special attention to air quality and municipal and
other waste management
11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive
and accessible, green and public spaces, in
particular for women and children, older persons
and persons with disabilities
11.a Support positive economic, social and
environmental links between urban, peri-urban
and rural areas by strengthening national and
regional development planning
11.b By 2020, substantially increase the number of
cities and human settlements adopting and
implementing integrated policies and plans
towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation
and adaptation to climate change, resilience to
disasters, and develop and implement, in line with
the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all
levels
11.c Support least developed countries, including
through financial and technical assistance, in
building sustainable and resilient buildings
utilizing local materials
36 Sustainable Development Goals
1
SUSTAINABLE
CONSUMPTION
AND
PRODUCTION
Ensure sustainable
consumption and
production patterns
2
37Sustainable Development Goals
12.1 Implement the 10-Year Framework of Programmes
on Sustainable Consumption and Production
Patterns, all countries taking action, with
developed countries taking the lead, taking into
account the development and capabilities of
developing countries
12.2 By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and
efficient use of natural resources
12.3 By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the
retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses
along production and supply chains, including
post-harvest losses
12.4 By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound
management of chemicals and all wastes
throughout their life cycle, in accordance with
agreed international frameworks, and significantly
reduce their release to air, water and soil in order
to minimize their adverse impacts on human
health and the environment
12.5 By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation
through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse
12.6 Encourage companies, especially large and
transnational companies, to adopt sustainable
practices and to integrate sustainability
information into their reporting cycle
38 Sustainable Development Goals
12.7 Promote public procurement practices that are
sustainable, in accordance with national policies
and priorities
12.8 By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the
relevant information and awareness for sustainable
development and lifestyles in harmony with nature
12.a Support developing countries to strengthen their
scientifc and technological capacity to move
towards more sustainable patterns of consumption
and production
12.b Develop and implement tools to monitor
sustainable development impacts for sustainable
tourism that creates jobs and promotes local
culture and products
12.c Rationalize inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that
encourage wasteful consumption by removing
market distortions, in accordance with national
circumstances, including by restructuring taxation
and phasing out those harmful subsidies, where
they exist, to reflect their environmental impacts,
taking fully into account the specific needs and
conditions of developing countries and minimizing
the possible adverse impacts on their development
in a manner that protects the poor and the
affected communities
39Sustainable Development Goals
Indicators under FAO custodianship
12.3.1 Global food loss index
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Developing a new methodology to ensure that
measurements on post-harvest losses and food
waste are uniform across countries
✍ Ensuring inclusion of more information on food loss
and waste into currently programmed country
capacity development missions on food balance
sheets
40 Sustainable Development Goals
31
CLIMATE
ACTION
Take urgent action to combat
climate change and its
impacts*
* Acknowledging that the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change is the primary international, intergovernmental
forum for negotiating the global response to climate change.
41Sustainable Development Goals
13.1 Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to
climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all
countries
13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national
policies, strategies and planning
13.3 Improve education, awareness-raising and human
and institutional capacity on climate change
mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early
warning
13.a Implement the commitment undertaken by
developed-country parties to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change to
a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually
by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of
developing countries in the context of meaningful
mitigation actions and transparency on
implementation and fully operationalize the Green
Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as
possible
13.b Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for
effective climate change-related planning and
management in least developed countries and
small island developing States, including focusing
on women, youth and local and marginalized
communities
42 Sustainable Development Goals
41
LIFE BELOW
WATER
Conserve and
sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine
resources for sustainable
development
43Sustainable Development Goals
14.1 By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine
pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based
activities, including marine debris and nutrient
pollution
14.2 By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine
and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant
adverse impacts, including by strengthening their
resilience, and take action for their restoration in
order to achieve healthy and productive oceans
14.3 Minimize and address the impacts of ocean
acidification, including through enhanced scientific
cooperation at all levels
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end
overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated
fishing and destructive fishing practices and
implement science-based management plans, in
order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time
feasible, at least to levels that can produce
maximum sustainable yield as determined by their
biological characteristics
14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal
and marine areas, consistent with national and
international law and based on the best available
scientific information
44 Sustainable Development Goals
14.6 By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries
subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and
overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to
illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and
refrain from introducing new such subsidies,
recognizing that appropriate and effective special
and differential treatment for developing and least
developed countries should be an integral part of
the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies
negotiation
14.7 By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small
island developing States and least developed
countries from the sustainable use of marine
resources, including through sustainable
management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism
14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research
capacity and transfer marine technology, taking
into account the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission Criteria and
Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in
order to improve ocean health and to enhance the
contribution of marine biodiversity to the
development of developing countries, in particular
small island developing States and least developed
countries
14.b Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to
marine resources and markets
45Sustainable Development Goals
14.c Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of
oceans and their resources by implementing
international law as reflected in the United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea, which provides
the legal framework for the conservation and
sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as
recalled in paragraph 158 of “The future we want”
Indicators under FAO custodianship
14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically
sustainable levels
14.6.1 Progress by countries in the degree of
implementation of international instruments
aiming to combat illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing
14.7.1 Sustainable fisheries as a percentage of GDP in
small-island developing States, least developed
countries and all countries
14.b.1 Progress by countries in adopting and
implementing a legal/regulatory/policy/
institutional framework which recognizes and
protects access rights for small-scale fisheries
46 Sustainable Development Goals
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Providing technical support for improving the
capacity of countries to undertake fish stock
assessments
✍ Assisting countries through regional level training
programmes in generating and analysing the
required data, including support in implementing
the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable
Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security
and Poverty Eradication
47Sustainable Development Goals
5LIFE ON LAND
Protect, restore and promote
sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and
reverse land degradation
and halt biodiversity loss
1
48 Sustainable Development Goals
15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and
sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater
ecosystems and their services, in particular forests,
wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with
obligations under international agreements
15.2 By 2020, promote the implementation of
sustainable management of all types of forests,
halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and
substantially increase afforestation and
reforestation globally
15.3 By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded
land and soil, including land affected by
desertification, drought and floods, and strive to
achieve a land degradation-neutral world
15.4 By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain
ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to
enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are
essential for sustainable development
15.5 Take urgent and significant action to reduce the
degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of
biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the
extinction of threatened species
15.6 Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefts
arising from the utilization of genetic resources
and promote appropriate access to such resources,
as internationally agreed
49Sustainable Development Goals
15.7 Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking
of protected species of flora and fauna and address
both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products
15.8 By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the
introduction and significantly reduce the impact of
invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems
and control or eradicate the priority species
15.9 By 2020, integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values
into national and local planning, development
processes, poverty reduction strategies and
accounts
15.a Mobilize and significantly increase financial
resources from all sources to conserve and
sustainably use biodiversity and ecosystems
15.b Mobilize significant resources from all sources and at
all levels to finance sustainable forest management
and provide adequate incentives to developing
countries to advance such management, including
for conservation and reforestation
15.c Enhance global support for efforts to combat
poaching and trafficking of protected species,
including by increasing the capacity of local
communities to pursue sustainable livelihood
opportunities
50 Sustainable Development Goals
Indicators under FAO custodianship
15.1.1 Forest area as a percentage of total land area
15.2.1 Progress towards sustainable forest management
15.4.2 Mountain Green Cover Index
FAO actions to support monitoring
✍ Training and technical assistance in developing and
strengthening integrated monitoring systems to
provide reliable forest, tree resource and land
use/change information
✍ Training and capacity building workshops,
developing guidelines on forest products statistics,
and organizing workshops to train researchers in the
use of relevant tools such as Open Foris and Collect
Earth
51Sustainable Development Goals
16
PEACE, JUSTICE
AND STRONG
INSTITUTIONS
Promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for
sustainable development,
provide access to justice
for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels
52 Sustainable Development Goals
16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and
related death rates everywhere
16.2 End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of
violence against and torture of children
16.3 Promote the rule of law at the national and
international levels and ensure equal access to
justice for all
16.4 By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and
arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of
stolen assets and combat all forms of organized
crime
16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all
their forms
16.6 Develop effective, accountable and transparent
institutions at all levels
16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and
representative decision-making at all levels
16.8 Broaden and strengthen the participation of
developing countries in the institutions of global
governance
53Sustainable Development Goals
16.9 By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including
birth registration
16.10 Ensure public access to information and protect
fundamental freedoms, in accordance with
national legislation and international agreements
16.a Strengthen relevant national institutions, including
through international cooperation, for building
capacity at all levels, in particular in developing
countries, to prevent violence and combat
terrorism and crime
16.b Promote and enforce non-discriminatory laws and
policies for sustainable development
54 Sustainable Development Goals
7
PARTNERSHIPS
FOR THE GOALS
Strengthen the means
of implementation and
revitalize the Global
Partnership for Sustainable
Development
1
55Sustainable Development Goals
Finance
17.1 Strengthen domestic resource mobilization,
including through international support to
developing countries, to improve domestic capacity
for tax and other revenue collection
17.2 Developed countries to implement fully their official
development assistance commitments, including
the commitment by many developed countries to
achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national
income for official development assistance (ODA/
GNI) to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.20 per
cent of ODA/GNI to least developed countries; ODA
providers are encouraged to consider setting a
target to provide at least 0.20 per cent of ODA/GNI
to least developed countries
17.3 Mobilize additional financial resources for
developing countries from multiple sources
17.4 Assist developing countries in attaining long-term
debt sustainability through coordinated policies
aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and
debt restructuring, as appropriate, and address the
external debt of highly indebted poor countries to
reduce debt distress
17.5 Adopt and implement investment promotion
regimes for least developed countries
56 Sustainable Development Goals
Technology
17.6 Enhance North-South, South-South and triangular
regional and international cooperation on and
access to science, technology and innovation and
enhance knowledge sharing on mutually agreed
terms, including through improved coordination
among existing mechanisms, in particular at the
United Nations level, and through a global
technology facilitation mechanism
17.7 Promote the development, transfer, dissemination
and diffusion of environmentally sound
technologies to developing countries on
favourable terms, including on concessional and
preferential terms, as mutually agreed
17.8 Fully operationalize the technology bank and
science, technology and innovation capacitybuilding
mechanism for least developed countries
by 2017 and enhance the use of enabling
technology, in particular information and
communications technology
57Sustainable Development Goals
Capacity-building
17.9 Enhance international support for implementing
effective and targeted capacity-building in
developing countries to support national plans to
implement all the Sustainable Development Goals,
including through North-South, South-South and
triangular cooperation
Trade
17.10 Promote a universal, rules-based, open, nondiscriminatory
and equitable multilateral trading
system under the World Trade Organization,
including through the conclusion of negotiations
under its Doha Development Agenda
17.11 Significantly increase the exports of developing
countries, in particular with a view to doubling
the least developed countries’ share of global
exports by 2020
17.12 Realize timely implementation of duty-free and
quota-free market access on a lasting basis for all
least developed countries, consistent with World
Trade Organization decisions, including by
ensuring that preferential rules of origin
applicable to imports from least developed
countries are transparent and simple, and
contribute to facilitating market access
58 Sustainable Development Goals
Systemic issues
Policy and institutional coherence
17.13 Enhance global macroeconomic stability,
including through policy coordination and policy
coherence
17.14 Enhance policy coherence for sustainable
development
17.15 Respect each country’s policy space and
leadership to establish and implement policies for
poverty eradication and sustainable development
Multi-stakeholder partnerships
17.16 Enhance the Global Partnership for Sustainable
Development, complemented by multistakeholder
partnerships that mobilize and share
knowledge, expertise, technology and financial
resources, to support the achievement of the
Sustainable Development Goals in all countries, in
particular developing countries
17.17 Encourage and promote effective public, publicprivate
and civil society partnerships, building on
the experience and resourcing strategies of
partnerships
59Sustainable Development Goals
Data, monitoring and accountability
17.18 By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to
developing countries, including for least
developed countries and small island developing
States, to increase significantly the availability of
high-quality, timely and reliable data
disaggregated by income, gender, age, race,
ethnicity, migratory status, disability, geographic
location and other characteristics relevant in
national contexts
17.19 By 2030, build on existing initiatives to develop
measurements of progress on sustainable
development that complement gross domestic
product, and support statistical capacity-building
in developing countries
60 Sustainable Development Goals
NOTES