Outline Before Beading -Shellwork -Quillwork The Indigenization of Beading -bead trade; “object itinerary” -the global made local, and often back again -Lakota beaded containers -a few examples of Lakota belongings that are now in French collections -Blackfeet dress Living Beaders Key Definitions Expressive culture Belonging > artifact / object Co-eval artistry Survivance = survival and resistance Powhatan’s Mantle, Tribal Nations - 48"x55" Powhatan’s Mantle, POWHATAN'S MANTLE | Ashmolean Museum Powhatan’s Mantle, A group of small white shells on a brown surface Description automatically generated A close-up of a leather rug Description automatically generated Alan Michelson (Mohawk), Mantle, 2018 Mantle, 2018 Haudenosaunee Haudenosaunee Longhouse 6 after Tuscarora join in 1722-3 Circle Wampum Unknown Iroquois Maker, Belt, 1750-70, skin, birchbark, quillwork, British Museum, objects from Benjamin West’s Studio Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access Wampum; quahog shells Genuine Quahog Half-Shell-Quahog Unknown Iroquois Maker, Belt, 1750-70, skin, birchbark, quillwork, British Museum, objects from Benjamin West’s Studio Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access A close up of a beaded rug Description automatically generated Genuine Quahog Half-Shell-Quahog Wampum; quahog shells Two Row Wampum – Gaswéñdah 17th century Wampum; quahog shells Two Row Wampum Belt Guswenta or Two-Row Wampum, 1613 – Dutch and Haudenosaunee Two Row Wampum – Gaswéñdah 17th century Alan Michelson, Third Bank of the River, etched glass, 2009. Third Bank of the River, 2009 Quillwork Shoulder bag, Anishinaabe, possibly Mississauga Ojibwa, c. 1800, tanned leather, porcupine quills, dye, glass beads, silk ribbon, metal cones, and deer hair, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2019.456.3 A catalog of beads with different colors Description automatically generated Jablonec nad Nisou (Gablonz an der Neiße) in Bohemia Murano in Venice A map of a city Description automatically generated A city with many buildings Description automatically generated A map of a country Description automatically generated A diagram of a production company Description automatically generated “multiple overlapping communities of practice” As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated “multiple overlapping communities of practice” End and side view of a cylindrical white bead. Drawn Wound End and side view of a bright yellow bead. As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated A person using a tool to cut a hole in a hole Description automatically generated Period Embroidery Beads (Old Color Beads) - Matotope.com https://matotope.com/period-embroidery-beads-old-color-beads/ Pony beads – seed beeds A person sitting in chairs Description automatically generated John Singer Sargent, Bead Stringers, 1880-82 Overlaid stitch Sinew – animal membrane/tendon A line drawing of eggs Description automatically generated A diagram of a stitching Description automatically generated Lane Stitch Lana Ray “Beading Becomes a Part of your Life” International Review of Qualitative Research 9, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 363-78 -Beading as an Indigenous mode of teaching and an academic mode of inquiry -storytelling – “even when patterns are nameless they are not without story” -relationality – from sinew (connective tissue) and from the parts and whole in beading itself – interdependence / intergenerationality -respect – details work within the whole -harmony – promoting spiritual and community consciousness (teaching-making-gifting) -balance -repetition – promoting meditation and mindfulness From Carmen Robertson -land-based epistemology undefined Muscogee Creek Maker, Bandolier Bag, 1820 As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated Lakota Maker, Possible Bag/ Wokphan, c. 1880s Abstraction Oglala Lakota Sun Dance leader Loretta Afraid of Bear Cook explains the significance of the Wokphun (whoa kphan), a Possible Bag, such as those made by Little Thunder: “Wo is the word description used for all living things or everything that is alive. Ph’an is a description for creating something smooth and malleable from something rough using your creativity. It is the word used for describing a special container, a sacred container.” As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork Nellie Two Bears Gates (Yanktonai Dakota), Suitcase for Ida Claymore, 1880-1910, beads, hide, oilcloth, thread doctor bag-style with metal closure and metal handle; beaded overall with blue ground; geometric shapes on sides (crosses and triangles); one side has scene of two cowboys (one on white and black horse and one on rust-colored, white and yellow horse) roping blue and red steers; opposite side decorated with three Native American figures with teepee; horse in LLC and horses' heads around top and L sides; lined in light green Crystal-Bridges-Museum-of-American-Art-Suitcase-Nellie-Two-Bear-Gates - Cowboys and Indians Magazine As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork No photo description available. A close-up of a bag Description automatically generated Rosalie Little Thunder (Sičhą́ǧu Lakȟóta, 1949-2014), Possible Bags, 1995, tanned hide, beads, feathers, and horsehair, 13 ½ x 18 in. ea.; Joslyn Art Museum, Museum purchase and partial gift of Putt Thompson, 1995.14.1 Rosalie Little Thunder (Sičhą́ǧu Lakȟóta, 1949-2014), Possible Bag, 1985, hide, glass beads/ horsehair, hide, sinew, National Museum of the American Indian, donated to NMAI by Pam King in 1998, 25/4717. “old patterns are peaceful and natural to me – so peaceful and powerful that when I start doing them, it’s almost as though I can recover that piece; I can achieve a kind of meditation. I can relate today and tomorrow with yesterday.” “’look at this design, see the color combination.’ I’m taking them back to that earlier preservation period. The more I do this work, the more I see its relevance to my role from my grandfather’s generation to my children’s." Screen Shot 2018-06-10 at 2.06.15 PM.png Plains Indian buckskin tunic and leggings given or sold to Rosa Bonheur in 1889. Beadwork, eagle feathers, paint, and quillwork on deerskin. Musée de l’Atelier Rosa-Bonheur, Ch.teau de By, Thomery, France. Photograph courtesy of Christie’s Paris. Oglala Lakota Maker, Warrior Shirt and pants, before 1887 Arts 08 00146 g006 Íŋyaŋ Mathó̌ Rocky Bear Itĥúŋkasan Gleŝká Spotted Weasel Sam Mathó̌ Išnála Sam Lone Bear I. Composite Characters Screen Shot 2018-06-10 at 2.06.15 PM.png Screen Shot 2018-09-19 at 4.43.06 PM.png Rosa Bonheur, Mounted Indians Carrying Spears, 1890, oil on board, Whitney Gallery of Western Art, Buffalo Bill Center of the West . C:\Users\coye\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files\Content.Outlook\GFNCABY0\8 04 6 (2).jpg Blackfeet Maker, Dress, c. 1900 A close up of a blanket Description automatically generated A close up of a beaded pillow Description automatically generated Blackfeet Maker, Dress, c. 1900 A close up of a beaded object Description automatically generated A drawing of a person on a piece of paper Description automatically generated A painting of a person holding a hat Description automatically generated A close up of a blanket Description automatically generated A painting of a dress Description automatically generated Nancy Josephine Clark, Blackfeet Dress, 2023 Mokakssini – Blackfoot Knoweledge Screen Shot 2017-09-27 at 10.35.17 PM.png Thomas Jefferson Indian peace medal owned by Powder Face (Northern Inunaina/ Arapaho), Oklahoma, 1801. Artist unknown. Bronze copper alloy, hide, porcupine quills, feathers, dye, metal cones, 14 x 17 . in. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (24/1965) Smallpox, 2009 beads and acrylic on suedeboard 61.0 x 45.7 cm Collection of the MacKenzie Art Gallery – Ruth Cuthand Beaded Images of Disease Explore the Impact of Colonial Trade — Colossal Ruth Cuthand (Plains Cree and Scots), Trading: Smallpox, 2009, beads and acrylic on suede board, 24 x 18”, MacKenzie Art Gallery As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated Beaded Images of Disease Explore the Impact of Colonial Trade — Colossal Ruth Cuthand, Trading: Smallpox, 2009, beads and acrylic on suede board, 24 x 18”, MacKenzie Art Gallery But There's No Scar? Catherine Blackburn (Dëne ), But There’s No Scar As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated Catherine Blackburn, But there’s No Scar II? But There's No Scar II? As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated Catherine Blackburn, But there’s No Scar ? But There's No Scar? (detail) As layered with stories and meanings as the paintings we have been looking at Use of beads showing already a transnational dialogue with Italy; women makers on both sides Think about exporting beads to the borderlands of Turtle Islands and then those beads migrating back to Italy Blair, object itineraries/ingold’s meshwork “community of practice” 17^th century, oer 70,000 beads excavated 1831 Wampum, Vatican Museums Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access WHOMPOM Indigenous person and a priest Christi Belcourt, Wisdom of the Universe, 2014 “Perhaps it's time to place the rights of Mother Earth ahead of the rights to Mother Earth." A painting of a tree with flowers and birds Description automatically generated The Wisdom of the Universe (detail) | Acrylic painting by Ch… | Flickr sent from the Sulpician missionaries at the Lake of the Two Mountains (Lac des Deux Montagnes) in Quebec to Pope Gregory XVI as a form of gift or prestation Algonquin, Nipissing, and Mohawk, 1831 Wampum, Vatican Museums Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access Indigenous person and a priest Dyani White Hawk and Christi Belcourt Takes Care of Them Suite of four prints by Dyani White Hawk Screenprint and metallic foil Dyani White Hawk, Takes Care of Them sent from the Sulpician missionaries at the Lake of the Two Mountains (Lac des Deux Montagnes) in Quebec to Pope Gregory XVI as a form of gift or prestation Algonquin, Nipissing, and Mohawk, 1831 Wampum, Vatican Museums Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access Indigenous person and a priest Dyani White Hawk, Takes Care of Them dentalium cape/dress | Fashion History Timeline Lakota maker, Early 20th century dentalium shell dress sent from the Sulpician missionaries at the Lake of the Two Mountains (Lac des Deux Montagnes) in Quebec to Pope Gregory XVI as a form of gift or prestation Algonquin, Nipissing, and Mohawk, 1831 Wampum, Vatican Museums Co-eval artistry Right to opacity or readings beyond our access The Vatican 1831 Wampum Belt: Letters Revealing its Origins Among the Algonquin and Nippissing Groups at the Lake of the Two Mou The Vatican 1831 Wampum Belt: Letters Revealing its Origins Among the Algonquin and Nippissing Groups at the Lake of the Two Mou WHOMPOM Indigenous person and a priest sent from the Sulpician missionaries at the Lake of the Two Mountains (Lac des Deux Montagnes) in Quebec to Pope Gregory XVI as a form of gift or prestation Algonquin, Nipissing, and Mohawk,