^
)H?0) (i & L (Kanji Topics)
- D^O/l? -1- (Verbs-1-)
Each kanji has its own meaning. It can function as a noun, adjective, verb, etc. in sentences. What do you think is the function of the following kanji?
#a    $r ^
|~&J and f^J are nouns. T^tJ functions as an adjective and |~jlJ (to buy) as a verb. However, kanji can not be used alone as adjectives or verbs. Hiragana endings always follow and they are called "OKURIGANA (inflectional endings)".
new
jK   -   %1 /%^iiT tobuy
Using the above four kanji, let's make some sentences.
^Alif/f Iv N i L fzo I bought a new book.
My book is not new.
Please buy me a book.
Japanese verb can be divided into 3 groups according to their conjugation.
1st Group: the verb stem ends with a consonant
ff < [ik-u] ?f 3 £ ~f [ik-imasu] to go
M < [kik-u] ffl £ £ -f [kik-imasu] to hear
iff <( [kak-u] ♦ £ £ "t" [kak-imasu] to write
tfc'f [hanas-u] l§ L i i" [hanash-imasu] to speak
f^ij [yom-u] Mi^ it ~f [yom-imasu] to read
W-tJ [yasum-u]             £ ~f [yasum-imasu] to rest
'Jf1 h [kaer-u] ]Ml) £ ~t [kaer-imasu] to go back
M 1 [ka(w)-u] M ^s £ ~f [ka(w) -imasu] to buy
2nd Group: the verb stem ends with a vowel
[tabe-ru]            £ ~t [tabe-masu] to eat
%^1Lh [oshie-ru] &Z.£i' [oshie-masu] to teach
^ [mi-ru] ^ £ i~ [mi-masu] to see
3rd Group: irregular verb
^ Z> [ku-ru] ^ £ ~t [ki-masu] to come
~t Z> [su-ru]       L £ ~f [shi-masu] to do
[ ti k, [y KJ> 9 ]   Classify the following kanji into nouns, adjectives and verbs.
						0^	§5C
		SI				B	
							W
^ 1*3  (Nouns) !
if^^m  (Adjectives) !
i-h>j:i l
f#f°]  (Verbs) !
l
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2 <j   /f^"?"^) A*   ili^ fc (Writincj Ksnji)
									*>3$ (jKT5)														
ft			go act line						fc:^-) (6)														
						f																	
				1		1		r	w														
																							
																							
^ (^) <  to go                                          ^C^TCJ Jt-3 totravel ff(£ 3 ft) 9  to do                                       ff g (IC • * j; -5 • #>) the 2nd line																							
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come next
7 4
(7)
^ ( O      to come
^ ( b ^ ■ If o) next month
i^jf-C^ N*ft/C) next year
^ H ( ^ ^ ' K ^) "t" £ to visit Japan
			return go (come) back						^*--r do)													
1				f		f		r							1)3							
									7			7»				1»						
																						
																						
'jlj?    X.)     to go/come back                 'Jfj? JÜJ (£ • 3 < ) "f" ^ to return to one's country '/fj? (^s /t)     to let someone go/come back																						
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79
mm
*>3$ (#<fr5)l
89
) to eat
food
( L Jt < • C) meal
supper
			drink						(12)												
												f									
					/																
																					
																					
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ftWť to drink
beverage
yjSj (^/C-Liji) drinking (alcohol)
			see look				A-S      A-ti-6 y> A-x. •?> (7)									
)		n				a		... ri1 .Tl.								
																
																
																
JL^)^ to look at, to see                             Ťfe JL(V N"'"^) opinion jfj (A) "tt £ to show                                   '^JfyW L-:^)-^      to go sightseeing																
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			hear						S-i** (14)												
		F		Pi	f		f	1	■F	r			m			|	ffl		a ST"		
	.....			.....:.....	......			.....								....		.....			■■ '.....
ffl(^) <  to hear, to listen to                         f/f||f] (I/C-.i^) newspaper f^(?) Z          can be heard																					
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80
93
																				
			read						(14)											
																				
							\				V		V			V	X3			
																				
																				
|^ (=t)      to read                                        nl&liF (£ < " L J:) reading books (J;) U reading                                       f(    < • L ^) reader																				
		write book				<                                                       '> 3 (10)								
					AT		V;			#				
														
														
														
^ (^\) <  to write                                     ^§^2i (I J: ■ T /C) book store "f"^ (I £ • #*) ^ draft                             ifF^ ( L Jt •    "5) calligraphy														
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			speak talk							Iift--f 7 lift I												(13)				
		^ j								"v				>• P				P					m			
								A		P		P				p										
																										
																										
|^ ((i ft) "f to speak                                  ^ |^ (~h h * • to) conversation |^ (1 i £ L) story, talk                                 ^ fj£ (TX ■ fo) telephone, call																										
Ä			buy																			(12)				
						tt	t7	txx?				DD ...TT"!-..		rxD										.....		.....
										1		Ij 1		r	\											
												:														
																										
J|(^) 9 to buy shopping																										
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96
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97
teach religion
(11)
(fc L) X.     to teach ^( £ J; 9 -#Nv 0 church
^"(^IT-^O-f"^ to educate J: classroom
2~2 ft A> 1/i§> "2 (Reading EercisGs)  •..............*.........................
I. Write the readings of the following kanji in Hiragana.
2.w<    3.#<    4.&±; 5.&*
6.ff< 8.'Jf£      jj-j io.|fct
II. Read the following sentences.
T/C
4. I<fl*fc£T0*tf +
XL
7. H*<0*frl^***A#l ii"«,
8. ioff @<?):>c£f^T< /=**v
2-3  d   tl A L Kt> 9 (Writing Exercises) .......
I. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate kanji.
1. to go
<
4. to eat
tz
8. to speak
lift
2. to go back
5. to drink
(7)
9. to read
3. to come
6
6. to see
10. to write
<
7. to hear
11. to go sightseeing 12. reading books
13. newspaper
*r < Li
L/C .i'-Xy
II. Write the appropriate kanji based on the meaning of the word.
1. food
4. shopping
7. the 3rd line
10. next month
h ^N   If ^
13. breakfast
io X 1 l j: <
16. restaurant
^/c l j: <
19. education
ill   v \ <
21. to drink Japanese tea
2. beverage
5. travel
ft
'J J: O 8. to return to one's country
3    c <
11. next year
14. lunch
t> tf> "5 l j: <
17. to visit for study
20. to buy flowers
9
Hi:
t;
3. reading material
J;
6. bank
9. next week
12. telephone
TX ft
15. supper
18. cherry blossom viewing
lift A
(Do you know these kanji? Can you use them?)
BHtHP
<^|^e^r — A 2 : ÍÔIrI (Kanji Game 2: Verbs) >
if 9 L
See p.75 to play (A) : and (B) : " L    It ^ ^ v n Ľ ^ < " .
_
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o	o o	o
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ft <				t
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