3.10 language shift Review What did we talk about last week Review What did we talk about last week • Interference phenomena: introduction of foreign patterns into another language >>> eventually potential creation of a new language Review What did we talk about last week • Interference phenomena: introduction of foreign patterns into another language >>> eventually potential creation of a new language • Dialect or Language? Review What did we talk about last week • Interference phenomena: introduction of foreign patterns into another language >>> eventually potential creation of a new language • Dialect or Language? • Language maintenance: code-switching > spanglish > yanito Review What did we talk about last week • Interference phenomena: introduction of foreign patterns into another language >>> eventually potential creation of a new language • Dialect or Language? • Language maintenance: code-switching > spanglish > yanito • Language shift: 2 types: • 1. acquisition of new language > bilingualism • 2. L1 in fl uence on the new language. New language is the native. Original native becomes a second language. Inherited language. What is language shift • Social phenomenon, whereby one language replaces another in a society due to underlying changes in the composition and aspirations of the society • It means the process, or the event, in which a population changes from using an old language to a new one • It is always preceded by multilingualism What is language shift • The concept of substratum • In fl uence of L1 on the new language. More structural than lexical. Language shift or Language change? • Shift is a social phenomenon • Change can be seen as evolution. Transition from older to newer forms of the same language Language shift or Language change? • Shift is a social phenomenon • Change can be seen as evolution. Transition from older to newer forms of the same language • LANGUAGE SHIFT • LANGUAGE CHANGE FILIPINO LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE FILIPINO LANGUAGE NEW FORMS OF FILIPINO Language shift or Language change? • Shift is a social phenomenon • Change can be seen as evolution. Transition from older to newer forms of the same language • LANGUAGE SHIFT • LANGUAGE CHANGE FILIPINO LANGUAGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE FILIPINO LANGUAGE NEW FORMS OF FILIPINO SHIFT RESULTS IN THE SPREAD OF THE NEW LANGUAGE THAT IS ADOPTED AND MIGHT RESULT IN THE ENDANGERMENT OR LOSS OF THE OLD LANGUAGE. IT IS AN UNPLANNED PHENOMENON AND OFTEN UNEXPLAINED FACTORS • ECONOMIC: • SOCIAL • POLITICAL FACTORS • ECONOMIC: obtaining work is a reason for learning a new language. • SOCIAL: pressure from the wider society. Immigration. • POLITICAL: political imposition. Lingua Franca. HOW TO MAINTAIN A MINORITY LANGUAGE • LANGUAGE IS AN IMPORTANT, IF NOT THE MOST IMPORTAMT SYMBOL OF A MINORITY GROUP’S IDENTITY • INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT MAKES THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN MAINTAINING A MINORITY GROUP LANGUAGE. • EDUCATION, LAW AND ADMINISTRATION, RELIGION AND THE MEDIA ARE CRUCIAL DOMAINS ÉIRE / IRELAND CASE EXAMPLE. Good to talk about as the fi nal essay. just saying. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJ7QB3om-QY • Irish English is based on mid-17th century English dialects, many of its features are due to in fl uence from Irish. • How did Ireland start shifting to English? ÉIRE / IRELAND • Irish remained the majority tongue as late as 1800. • Minority during 19th century. • National schools (Irish omitted until 1878) • Great Famine • Politics. O’Connell • Industrialism MALTA Case example: also good for an essay… • Maltese > Italian > English > Maltese and English MALTA Case example: also good for an essay… • Maltese > Italian > English > Maltese and English • ITALIAN language of fculture in the Renaissance. Kingdom of Sicily until 13th century. Maltese seen as a low class language. MALTA Case example: also good for an essay… • Maltese > Italian > English > Maltese and English • ITALIAN language of fculture in the Renaissance. Kingdom of Sicily until 13th century. Maltese seen as a low class language. • Use of Italian in elementary schools and o ffi cial matters > Anti-Reformist party and Roman Catholic Church against the Protestant British. MALTA Case example: also good for an essay… • Maltese > Italian > English > Maltese and English • ITALIAN language of fculture in the Renaissance. Kingdom of Sicily until 13th century. Maltese seen as a low class language. • Use of Italian in elementary schools and o ffi cial matters > Anti-Reformist party and Roman Catholic Church against the Protestant British. • ENGLISH British colony. English taught in school. > SHIFT? MALTA Example English Maltese Maltenglish Mixed case GIVE MUMMY A KISS TIHA BEWSA ‘L OMMOK TIHA KISS ‘ILL MUMMY In a Maltese sentence THE ACTOR OF THAT FILM TOOK THE LIMO TO MEET THE DIRECTOR L-ATTUR TA’ DAK ILFILM MAR JILTAQA’ MAD-DIRETTUR BIL- LIMUZIN L-ACTOR TA’ DAK ILFILM MADDIRECTOR BIL-LIMO In an English sentence SO TELL HIM IM COMING NOW, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE I CAN’T MAKE IT TOMORROW MELA GHIDLU LI GEJJA ISSA, TA, GHAX MA NISTAX GHADA MELA TELL HIM I AM COMING NOW, TA GHAX I CAN’T MAKE IT TOMORROW AND THATS IT • Conclusions? AND THATS IT • Conclusions? WELL, THEN WITH THIS AND A CAKE, SEE YOU TOMORROW AT EIGHT • Actually, Thursday at 12