IN BRIEF * Users of 3D maps * 3D map -- definition and content (main, secondary and additional cont.) * "From Paper to Virtual Map" -- a cheap technology for easy creation of 3D maps * 3D cartographic symbol system * Animation of 3D maps 3D maps -- USERS * City planning and architecture 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage * Land use 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage * Crises management 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage 3D maps -- created for different usage map - definition 3D map - definition * Digital, mathematical defined, three-dimensional virtual representation of the Earth surface, objects and phenomena in nature and society. Represented objects and phenomena are classified, designed and visualised according to a particular purpose. Disadvantages of 3D maps * Higher hardware and software requirements * Difficulties in 3^rd coordinate collection * Large amounts of data and complex visualization * Lack of standardized symbol system * High 3D production price Advantages of 3D maps * Multiple geometric representation * High realistic representation of the real world * Photo-realistic buildings and objects representation * User friendly and easy for understanding models * Attractive and more informatively products * More applications and users Contents of 3D maps * Main content * Secondary content * Additional content Main content Secondary content Additional content * quality and quantity information about objects -- fence, roof, street, parcel * created as a textural database Sources for 3D map * paper topographic or cadastral maps * photogrammetric or surveying data * digital 2D map * topographic information, measurements, architecture drawings etc. * digital or paper photos * 3D symbol system Mathematical basis * Scale -- source 2D paper or digital map * 2D view in "top", "front", "left", .... * Perspective projection * Spatial orthogonal 3D co-ordinate system HYZ (local) Generalization Accuracy in objects representation Accuracy in object location Thematic accuracy Semantic accuracy Photo-texturing Photo-texturing Texturing A technology for designing of 3D maps 3D maps on 2D monitor? Quality of visualizing of 3D maps Steps for symbol creation 3D map Central Sofia 3D map - Vienna Conclusions * Creation of a symbol system will facilitate the compilers as well as users of 3D maps. * Their existing will legalize the 3D maps and this is the task of cartography in nowadays. * The next step - researches of the qualitative and quantitative features of the map by 3D GIS, extraction of the data for it and solving of different kind of tasks. Thank you very much for your attention! Temenoujka Bandrova bandrova_fgs@uacg.bg University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy Sofia - Bulgaria