KEY

1.      genotype



/'dʒɛn ə,taɪp, 'dʒi nə-/

·          The genetic makeup, as distinguished from the physical appearance, of an organism or a
group of organisms.

·          The combination of alleles located on homologous chromosomes that determines a specific
characteristic or trait.
 2. gene pool


The collective genetic information contained within a population of sexually reproducing organisms.


 3. cell

/sɛl/

the smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning, consisting
of one or more nuclei, cytoplasm, and various organelles, all surrounded by a semipermeable cell
membrane


 4. nucleus

 /'nu kli əs, 'nyu-/

a specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most
living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and functioning in
the transmission of genic characters
 5. chromosome

     (pair chromosomes)

//'kroʊ mə,soʊm/

a threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each .... consists of one very long DNA
molecule and associated proteins
 6. DNA

      deoxyribonucleic acid

/di'ɒk sɪ'raɪ boʊ nu'kli ɪk, -nyu-, -'ɒk sɪ'raɪ-/

A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication
and synthesis of RNA. It consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and
joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and
guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.


 7. genetic code

/ dʒə’nɛt ɪk/

the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
 8. trait

/treɪt; Brit. also treɪ/

an inherited characteristic


 9. recombinant DNA

/ri'kɒm bə nənt/

Genetically engineered DNA prepared by transplanting or splicing one or more segments of DNA into
the chromosomes of an organism from a different species. Such DNA becomes part of the host's
genetic makeup and is replicated.




10. gene

/dʒi:n/

A discrete [HN1] unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
(or RNA, in some viruses).
11. protein

/'proʊ tin, -ti ɪn/

Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. They are fundamental
components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and
antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism.
12. base pair

/beɪs/

In molecular biology, two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are
connected via hydrogen bonds
13. nucleotide

/'nu kli ə,taɪd, 'nyu-/

any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA or RNA:
composed of a phosphate group, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, and a pentose
sugar, in RNA the thymine base being replaced by uracil.
14. adenine

/'æd n ɪn, -,in, -,aɪn/

a purine base, C[5]H[5]N[5], one of the fundamental components of nucleic acids, as DNA, in which
it forms a base pair with thymine, and RNA, in which it pairs with uracil /'yʊər ə sɪl/
15. guanine

/'gwɑ nin/

a purine base, C[5]H[5]N[5]O, that is a fundamental constituent of DNA and RNA, in which it forms
base pairs with cytosine
16. cytosine

/'saɪ tə,sin, -,zin, -sɪn/

a pyrimidine base, C[4]H[5]N[3]O, that is one of the fundamental components of DNA and RNA, in
which it forms a base pair with guanine.
17. thymine

/'θaɪ min, -mɪn/

a pyrimidine base, C[5]H[6]N[2]O[2], that is one of the principal components of DNA, in which it is
paired with adenine

________________________________

 [HN1]samostatný