JA002 - Grammar

·        Minulý infinitiv

1) V neosobní vazbě s trpným rodem - Coal is thought to have formed from peat.

The Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea are supposed …………………………….…….(form)  when two continents
enclosed them.

Some marginal seas are thought ………….....................................(form) as the result of a
structural break, e.g. the Red Sea, where the continental crust was not only split, but it
separated.

It is probable that gravity caused the rockslide.
Gravity is likely …………………………………………… the rockslide.


2) po modálních slovesech may/must/cannot (bez “to”)
 It may have formed. / It may have been formed.
It is not possible that this happened.  = This ..............………………………………... .
It is certain that somebody helped her. = Somebody …………..………………… her.
I am sure it was formed much earlier. = It .......................................... much earlier.
You probably heard about the San Andreas fault. = You .....................................

3) u výčitek
 You should not have given these tablets to children. ( = You have done it.)
 These tablets …………………………………………………………to children.

4) Conditional 3

If I had not gone there, I would not have met her.
If we had had more money, we ................................... (go) to the States last year.
If it had not been raining, it .............................................(be) so difficult.

5)
I am glad to have met you.
We are pleased ...................................... (have)  the opportunity to help you.

·        Předminulý čas

1)  Conditional 3
If I had not gone there, I would not have met her.

2) regrets about past  -  I wish I had never gone there.

He came to the party and ruined my evening!  I wish he ………………………………..... (come).
Oh dear, I have broken your glasses. If only I ……………………………….… (be) more careful.

3)  v souslednosti časové

“I did not manage to hand in my thesis at time”, he said.
  He said he had not managed to hand in his thesis at time.


·        Would
a) v přání pro budoucnost  -    I wish he would stop it. = Kéž by toho nechal.
I do not watch any films in English.  I wish I ………………………............ more films in English.

I am sorry I can’t speak English perfectly.   I wish I ………………….……..  speak it perfectly.

b) v souslednosti časové
He said: “ I will come later.“ = He said he would come later.
He said: “ I will help you.“     = He said he  ………………………..


·       Until, unless + sloveso v kladné formě

There will be no improvement in my listening unless I get some training.

Petroleum and natural gas move up through sediments and rocks until they
......................................(be blocked) by a nonporous material.

Unless you ……………………….... (hear) otherwise, I will come at 8.15.
You will not be able to travel to the Bahamas unless you ………………….......(get) a visa.