HUMAN BODY

1.      Read the text. Then say which of these titles is most suitable and why:

The structure of systems in the human body

The functions of systems in the human body

The location of systems in the human body

Paragraph 1

The human body is made up of a number of different systems. Each system has a separate function,
but some work together. One system is the skeleton, which serves to support the body and protect
the internal organs. The respiratory system enables us to breathe and take oxygen into the blood,
which moves around the body by means of the circulatory system. The digestive system enables us to
take in food needed for growth. Waste matter is ejected from the body by means of the urinary
system.


Paragraph 2

The endocrine system consists of various glands, such as the thyroid, sex and adrenal glands. The
function of these glands is to secrete chemicals, known as hormones, into the blood. These hormones
control various processes in the body, such as growth, sexual activities and digestion. The nervous
system controls the other systems and enables human beings to think.



Paragraph 3

Each system is made up of organs. The lungs, for example, are part of the respiratory system. The
heart is an organ in the circulatory system. The liver functions as part of the digestive system
and other systems.


Paragraph 4

Every organ is composed of several kinds of tissue. Epithelial tissue, which includes the skin ,
forms a covering over organs. Connective tissue supports and holds together parts of the body and
includes bone and cartilage. Other types of tissue include nerve tissue and blood tissue.


Paragraph 5

All tissue consists of cells. These are so small that they are measured in thousandths of a
millimetre and can only be seen with a microscope. Each cell is covered with a thin membrane which
surrounds a nucleus, and a jelly-like substance, called cytoplasm. This in turn contains minute
particles, each with its own special function.

BATES, Martin, DUDLEY-EVANS, Tony. Nucleus - General Science

The properties of systems in the human body

2.      Each paragraph deals with a separate topic, though related to the overall theme. To each
title write the number of the paragraph.

Types of tissue and their functions
Types of systems in the human body

Functions of organs

Endocrine system and function of glands

Structure of cells


3.      Try to complete the missing words. Then listen to the recording and check with your
answers.


Organs in the human body


_________________  is an organ in the body that changes toxins (such as alcohol) into less harmful
substances and produces bile (žluč), urea and cholesterol.

_________________  controls the level of glucose and amino acids in the blood, and stores some
important vitamins and minerals.

_________________ pumps blood around the body.

_________________ is one of the tubes in the chest through which air goes into the lungs.

_________________ is one of the two organs in the body that clean the blood by removing waste
products such as urea and also control the level of water that the blood contains.

The waste passes into the bladder in the liquid form of _________________which is then passed out
of the body.

_________________is one of the two organs in the chest that fill with air during breathing.

Blood flowing to the lungs takes oxygen from the air breathed into  _________________ .

_________________  is breathed out as a waste product.

_________________ is the organ at the bottom of the oesophagus (jícen) where food goes after it is
eaten.

_________________ controls physical and nervous activity and intelligence.

_________________ is the part inside the body like a bag – where urine collects before being passed
out of the body through the urethra (močová trubice).

_________________  is the  tube at the back of the throat that goes from the larynx to the bronchi.

_________________  is the tube that  food goes into after it has passed through the stomach.


Based on: Macmillan Vocabulary Practice Series – Science CD-ROM









4.      Go through the text above very quickly again and focus your attention on the highlighted
expressions in their context. Then put the text aside and try to form sentences using the words
below.


 a. to have a separate function - system
 b. the function of these glands is ...
 c. to function as - liver
 d. to enable us to – respiratory system
 e. to move around - blood
 f. to be ejected from – waste matter
 g. to consist of – endocrine system
 h. to control various processes - hormones
 i. to be part of - lungs
 j. to be composed of - organ
 k. to support - tissue
 l. to hold  together – parts of the body
 m. to include – bone and cartilage
 n. to be covered with - cell
 o. to contain – minute particles


COLLOCATIONS

be made up

have a separate function

the function of these glands is ...

function as

enable us to

move around

be ejected from

consist of

control various processes

be part of

be composed of

support

hold  together

include

be covered with

contain












HOMEWORK

*        Complete ‘odpovědník’ Human body (passing score is 23 points). You will get points only
for the last two tasks (see below)
https://is.muni.cz/auth/el/1431/jaro2010/JAB02/odp/HB_Human_Body.qref

FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY. (one point per item)
- Practise the vocabulary by completing the sentences with

  the expressions from the list.

- Complete the text (based on the previous text).


Sources:

BATES, Martin, DUDLEY-EVANS, Tony. Nucleus - General Science : Teacher's Manual.
Human body systems: http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html

Macmillan Vocabulary Practice Series – Science CD-ROM