International Life Sciences Research
A t R h O t itiAnnouncement: Research Opportunities
for Flight
Experiments in Space Life Sciences on
the ISS (ILSRA-2009)( )
ROSE 2 – Mars Consortium
R f O i S E i 2 d MResponse of Organisms to Space Environment 2 – and to Mars
PI Elke Rabbow - DLR
CAREX Project Forum, Praha, 29 October 2009
Dr. Corinna Panitz
RWTH Aachen GermanyRWTH Aachen, Germany
Dr. Rosa de la Torre-Noetzel
INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
Professor Attila BércesProfessor Attila Bérces
Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
Dr. Petra Rettberg
DLR, Koeln, Germany
Dr. Jean de Vera
DLR Berlin GermanyDLR, Berlin, Germany
Professor Silvano OnofriProfessor Silvano Onofri
Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
LIFE2LIFE2
LIchens and Fungi Experiment 2 and
C b t iCyanobacteria
LIFE-EXPOSE-E Experiment: survival ofLIFE EXPOSE E Experiment: survival of
Antarctic fungi and lichens in space
Silvano OnofriSilvano Onofri
P i i lP i i l I ti tI ti t
CoCo--IInvestigatornvestigators:s: L. Zucconi, L. Selbmann, (I),L. Zucconi, L. Selbmann, (I),
PrincipalPrincipal InvestigatorInvestigator
gg
S. Ott, J.P. de Vera (D), and R. de la Torre (E)S. Ott, J.P. de Vera (D), and R. de la Torre (E)
and D. Barreca (I), Land D. Barreca (I), L.G. Sancho, C. Ascaso.G. Sancho, C. Ascaso (E),(E),
E. Rabbow, G. Horneck (D)E. Rabbow, G. Horneck (D)E. Rabbow, G. Horneck (D)E. Rabbow, G. Horneck (D)
Lithopanspermia: likelihood of interplanetary transfer of lifep p p y
The McMurdo Dry Valleys
(Antarctica) are the extreme ice-free(Antarctica) are the extreme ice-free
environments on Earth
McMurdo Dry
Valleys
The McMurdo Dry Valleys are the closestThe McMurdo Dry Valleys are the closest
terrestrial analogue of Martian environment
Mars landscape Dry Valleys landscapeMars landscape Dry Valleys landscape
Battleship Promontory
Colonized Antarctic sandstone
Reddish-brown
crust Black zone: lichenized
(symbiotic with algae)
and non lichenized blackand non lichenized black
fungi
White zone: lichenized fungi and algaete o e: c e ed u g a d a gae
Green zone: non lichenized algae Accumulation zone
1 cm
The lichen dominated cryptoendolithic community
(Friedmann, 1982. Science 215: 1045-1053)
C. antarcticus
Antarctic rockAntarctic rock
black fungi
belonging to
genera
C. antarcticus
g
Cryomyces
C minteriC. minteri
Selbmann et
al., 2005 Stud.
C. minteri C. minteri
al., 2005 Stud.
Mycol. 51: 1-
32
The McMurdo Dry Valleys are the closestThe McMurdo Dry Valleys are the closest
terrestrial analogue of Martian environment
Mars landscape Dry Valleys landscapeMars landscape Dry Valleys landscape
Lichens and their
Xanthoria
symbionts
elegans
1 cm
mycobiontmycobiont
photobiont
Rhizocarpon
geographicum
LICHENS survived in spaceLICHENS survived in space
during the Biopan experiment
F t M 2on Foton M-2
R. de la Torre, G. Horneck, and L.G. Sancho
Aims:
studying survival of bipolar epilithic lichens
on their natural rock substrate exposed to
spacespace
contribution to the possible propagation of life
through interplanetary space: Lithopanspermiathrough interplanetary space: Lithopanspermia
theory
LICHENS-IILICHENS-II
Experiment
FOTON M-2FOTON M 2
BIOPAN-5
Xanthoria
elegans 800800
4 h 24 h
g
Fm
600
Fm
600
Fv/F
200
400
Fv/F
200
400
280 nm
72 h
pre-flight post-flight flight control spare control
0
pre-flight post-flight flight control spare control
0
48 h
320 nm
400 nm
800800
neutral
Fv/Fm
400
600
Fv/Fm
400
600
0
200
0
200
pre-flight post-flight flight control spare controlpre-flight post-flight flight control spare control
0
Maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic activity after UV irradiation for 4, 24, 48 and 72 h
Sancho et al. 2007, Lichens survive in space. Astrobiology, 7, 443-454
Connection BIOPAN/EXPOSEConnection BIOPAN/EXPOSE
Long-duration re-flight necessary
The EXPOSEThe EXPOSE--EuTEFEuTEFThe EXPOSEThe EXPOSE EuTEFEuTEF
ConsortiumConsortium
EXPOSE-EuTEF
Experiment
Principle Investigator Affiliation
ADAPT Petra Rettberg DLR Cologne GermanyADAPT Petra Rettberg DLR, Cologne, Germany
DOBIES Filip Vanhavere SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
DOSIS Günther Reitz DLR, Cologne, Germanyg y
LIFE Silvano Onofri University Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
PROCESS Hervé Cottin LISA, Paris, France
PROTECT Gerda Horneck DLR, Cologne, Germany
R3D-E Donat-Peter
Häder
University Erlangen-Nürnberg,
Erlangen, Germanyg , y
SEEDS David A. Tepfer INRA, Versailles, France
LIFELIFELIFELIFE
LILI h dh dLILIchens andchens and
FF iiFFungiungi
EE i ti tEExperimentxperiment
LIFE: SPECIFIC GOALS
Resistance and survival of dried biological samples underg p
real space and simulated environmental Mars conditions :
• cryptoendolithic meristematic black Antarcticcryptoendolithic meristematic black Antarctic
fungi (Cryomyces antarcticus and C. minteri) in
pure culture;p
• mycobiont of the lichen Xanthoria elegans in
pure culture;
li h (Rhi hi d• lichens (Rhizocarpon geographicum and
Xanthoria elegans) on rocks;
• cryptoendolithic Antarctic communities incryptoendolithic Antarctic communities in
rocks.
Resistance and survival of fungal isolates
C. antarcticus
CCFEE 515
C. antarcticus
CCFEE 534
C. minteri
CCFEE 5187
Control lab + + +
UV-C (254 nm) 10 Jm
-2
+ + +
UV-C (254 nm) 100 Jm
-2
+ + +UV C (254 nm) 100 Jm + + +
UV-C (254 nm) 1000 Jm
-2
+ + +
UV (200-400 nm) 1.5 kJm
-2
+ + +
(200 00 ) 0
3
k
-2
UV (200-400 nm) 1.5x10
3
kJm
-2
- - +
UV (200-400 nm) 1.5x10
5
kJm
-2
- - +
Vacuum 10
-5
Pa 1h + + +
Vacuum 10
-5
Pa 1 week + - +
50 cycles -20/+20°C 2 weeks + + +
(Dark) Mars CO2 20 dd - - +( ) 2
UV (200-400 nm) Mars CO2 1.5x10
5
kJm-
2
+ - +
Dark Vacuum 20 dd + - +
V +UV (200 400 ) 1 5 10
5
kJ
2
+
9/13 7/13 13/13
Vacuum+UV (200-400 nm) 1.5x10 kJm- - - +
EVTs
10-5Pa (1h) 10-5Pa (1 week)
Vacuum
dark (2 months)
Control lab
50 cycles -20/+20°C (2 weeks))
Temperature
EVTs
RESULTS OF
C. minteri
CCFEE 5187CCFEE 5187
UV 200 400 nm (SOL2000)UV-C (254 nm) UV 200-400 nm (SOL2000)
1.5 kJm-2 1.5 x 103 kJm-2 1.5 x 105 kJm-210 Jm-2 1000 Jm-2100 Jm-2
UV-C (254 nm)
Mars CO2
dark (20dd) SOL2000 1 5 x 105 kJm-2dark (20dd)
Vacuum
SOL2000 1 5 x 105 kJm-2 dark (20dd) SOL2000 1.5 x 10 kJmdark (20dd) SOL2000 1.5 x 10 kJm
EXPOSE
LIFELIFE
Colonized
Rocks
Black
meristematic
fungi
Xanthoria elegans
Rhizocarpon geographicum
ADAPT-1 (space) LIFE-1 (space)PROTECT-1 (space) ADAPT-2 PROTECT-2 (space)
EXPOSE-EuTEF
sample accommodation
1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 4 5 1 2
2
d
1 2
1 2
1 2
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 4
1 2
3 4
3 4
1 2
3 4
4 5
4 5
4 5
3 4
1 2
3 4
ADAPT:
1: newly isolated B. subtilis
strain
MgF2
vented
PROTECT-3 (Mars)ADAPT-3 (Mars) LIFE-2 (Mars)ADAPT-4 PROTECT-4 (Mars)
2: B. subtilis strain 168
3: Anabaena cylindrica rock
sample
4: H. dombrowskii pigmented
5: H. dombrowskii unpigmented
Tray1
1 2
1 2
3 3
3 3
1 2
3 4
1 2
3 4
4 5
4 5
1 2
3 4
CR CA
CR MB
RG XE
RG XE
PROTECT:
1: B. pumilus SAFR-032
2: B. subtilis HA101
3: B. subtilis atrophaeus
4: Bacillus ssp.
prasil
esclosed
1 2
1 2
3 3
3 3
1 2
3 4
1 2
3 4
4 5
4 5
1 2
3 4
CR CA
CR MB
RG XE
RG XE
LIFE:
CR: Colonized antarctic rock
CA: Cryomyces antarcticus
CM: Cryomyces minteri
MB: Mycobiont
LIFE
Sup
Valve
Tray2
Space“:
TLDs (Dosis)
PROCESS-1 (space) PROCESS-2 (space)SEEDS-1 (space)SEEDS-2 (space)
PAR
R3D-E
y
RG: Rhizocarpon geographicum
XA: Xanthoria elegans
Tray2
„Space :
Vacuum
Irradiation: full spectrum MgF2
„Mars“:
6 mbar CO2 Mars atmosphere
V-A,UV-B,UV-C&P
MgF2
vented
6 mbar CO2 Mars atmosphere
Irradiation: >200 nm
Neutral density filter
U
Tray3
Trayy
assembly
Exposed samples will be tested after flight in 2009 by:
• cultural tests;
• staining assays by Confocal Scanning Laser• staining assays by Confocal Scanning Laser
microscopy (CSLM);
• Transmission and Scanning Electron microscopy• Transmission and Scanning Electron microscopy
(TEM; SEM);
f DNA d• assessment of DNA damage;
to verify survival, genetic damages and
resistance of samples to space and Mars
conditions.
LIchens and Fungi Experiment 2 and Cyanobacteria
““LIFE2”
Response to ILSRA-2009-LoI-0406
Science Team CoordinatorScience Team Coordinator
Prof. Silvano Onofri
Department of Ecology and Sustainable Economic
DevelopmentDevelopment
Università degli Studi della Tuscia
Viterbo ItalyViterbo, Italy
Dipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Roma TorDipartimento di BiologiaUniversità di Roma Tor
Vergata
Rome ItalyRome, Italy
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Berlin, Germany
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
CEPSAR OPEN UniversityCEPSAR, OPEN University
United Kingdom
COLUMBUSCOLUMBUS
EXPOSE-EuTEFEXPOSE-EuTEFEXPOSE EuTEFEXPOSE EuTEF
International Space Station (ISS)International Space Station (ISS)
Thank you for the attention…Thank you for the attention…Thank you for the attention…Thank you for the attention…