GERHARD PILS To Inge and Felix, who came with me on many happy excursions Flowers of Turkey a photo guide With 4153 species illustrated in colour Eigenverlag G. Pils 2006 Front cover: Rindera lanata in front of Hassan Dag Back cover: Gundelia toumefortii Contents MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PRÍRODOVEDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTREDNÍ KNIHOVNA PRfR.C.ÚK SIGNATURA ÚK LOKACE fbOftfP/fcď PRIR. C. DK SIGNATURA DK © GERHARD PILS 2006 gerhardpils(o),vahoo.de http://www.geocities.com/gerhardpils/ All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or ZnstltieTin any fori o/by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the author. Printed in Austria by Friedrich VDV Vereinigte Druckereien- und Verlagsgesellschaft MBH & COKG Zamenhofstraße 43-45 A-4020 LINZ office@friedrichvdv.com S Errata, Corrigenda, and Addenda to "Flowers of Turkey" Due to an error in automatic indexing page numbers > 289 are one number too low in the index. For instance page number of Salix acmophylla has to be changed from 307 to 308. P age/p aragr aph/line Wrong text Correct as 6/3/2; 8/2/1; 12/map2; 14/4 DAVIES DAVIS 110 Draba acaulis Draba elegans \42(Bolanthus stenopetalus) 2100-2000 2100-2200 167 Euphorbia chamescye Euphorbia chamaescye 214 Lomatogonium carinthicaum Lomatogonium carinthiacum 277 Caltha polvpetala Trollius ranunculinus (photo and text are corresponding to this species!) 368 Ophrys spheculum Ophrys speculum 384 Juncus tenius Juncus tenuis 407 Drosera angelica Drosera anglica Index (26) Ferulago salbanifera 24 Ferulaso rigidula 24 For these corrections I am indebted to the following colleagues: Asmus T. Schröter (Germany), Ernst Vitek (Vienna), Herbert Reisinger (Linz), Terry Underhill (South Devon, UK). As our aim is, to make this errata and addenda list as complete as possible, further corrections, suggestions etc. are necessary and welcome. The latest version of this list can be downloaded from http ://w ww. free webs .com/ flo wersofturkey/ errors .pdf From this internet-version of the errata, corrigenda and addenda list there are links to further web pages, treating some recent addenda in a more detailed way. (6) Preface During the last decades Turkey experienced an enormous touristic boom. At present about 20 million visitors are pouring into the country each year, among them a considerable number with an interest in Turkeys natural beauties. Unfortunately this desire to learn more about nature is hindered gravely by the lack of well illustrated literature. With 4153 species of ferns and flowering plants in full colour this book intends to close the gap. It should make plant identifications much easier for both, professional botanists but also interested "laymen" as entomologists, geographers, gardeners or naturalists. Knowledge of the Turkish Flora is still rather rudimentary in comparison with the situation in European countries. This is due partly to its high botanic diversity, but also to the peculiar development of scientific botany in Turkey. Until the middle of the 20. century, floristic exploration was mainly done by foreigners. The most important of these early pioneers was Pierre edmond Boissier, a Swiss citizen. With his monumental "Flora Orientalis"(5 vols., 1867-1888) he laid the fundamentals for all further research in this area. The first local botanist with an international reputation was Georges Vincent Aznavour (1861-1920), a wealthy Armenian of Christian confession. His collection of plants from the Bosporus region comprised about 20.000 samples. After his death Turkish botany again sank back into stagnation. One possible reason was repeated ethnic cleansing by the Turkish Republic. Thereby a considerable part of the intelligentsia was slaughtered or expulsed, namely Armenians and Greeks. A final impetus to the exploration of the Turkish flora came from the Flora of Turkey Project (Davies & al. 1965-2000). Specialists from many European countries contributed to this monumental work. One of the most active collectors at that time was my compatriot Mrs. Friederike sorger (Linz). Her private herbarium of Turkish plants finally comprised about 33,000 samples. The Flora of Turkey Project was also a considerable stimulus for the development of systematic botany in Turkey. In consequence the last supplement to the "Flora of Turkey" was already published by an exclusively Turkish team of scientists (Guener & al. 2000). The present book is the result of my 5-years stay as a teacher at the Austrian school ("Avusturya Lisesi") in Istanbul. Field work for this project was originally planned for at least 8 years. Unfortunately, however, my Turkish work permit was withdrawn suddenly in summer 2004. The Turkish authorities argued that I was „a danger to the security of the Turkish Republic". But apart from a single use of the word "Kurdistan" in a completely apolitical manner there was no concrete accusation whatsoever against me. Unfortunately, the Austrian government showed no interest at all in starting diplomatic quarrels with the Turks because of this human rights violation against an Austrian teacher. Therefore all my attempts to take legal steps against this completely arbitrary verdict were undermined by the Austrian authorities. In the end also my wife lost her job at the Austrian school and we had to leave Turkey1 1 The withdrawal of my working permit was an obvious violation of articles 6 und 8 of the Human Rights Convention (right for a fair trial, protection of the family) and the Agreement of Association between Turkey and the EU. Nonetheless the Austrian education ministry ordered my immediate transfer back to Austria, refusing any possibility of objection. In addition the Austrian ministry of foreign affairs did eveiything possible to hinder my defence against the Turkish verdict. For form's sake the lawyer of the Austrian embassy in Ankara was entrusted with my defence. But the man did not even write a simple objection in time. In last minute I had to do everything by myself, including translation works. Then at the crucial moment of deciding over a suit against the Turkish authorities, I was forced to renounce due to false informations from the ministry. Attempts of the Austrian Television Company (ORF) to inform the public about the affair were blocked. Only some months later, when my case already had been discussed in the Austrian press, the ORF was allowed to report; but this was done in a completely one-sided manner. Finally the education ministry directly intervened, forbidding any further information of the press. But the peak of hypocrisy was reached by Dr. U. Plassnik, Austrian minister for foreign relations, when she informed the public about her personal efforts to solve my case. As far as I can judge, these efforts had been purely symbolic. Their intention was to deceive the public over the previous nine month of continuous sabotage by her own ministry. (7) With our return to Austria my botanical projects in Turkey came to an abrupt end. Also this book could not be finished in the planned way. A lot of species I would have liked to include could not be photographed any more (e.g. Phelypaea tournefortii, Zelkova carpinifolid). But nonetheless about 45% of the Turkish Flora could be illustrated, making this photo guide by far the most comprehensive one for Mediterranean, Black Sea and Irano-Turanian flora. As I intended to keep the book within reasonable dimensions, text hat to be limited to an absolute necessary minimum. Therefore no keys were a^dded. For non specialists they would be of a rather limited use, whereas for scientific purposes they never could replace the use of "Flora of Turkey". The preparation of a book of this kind would have been completely impossible without the continuous support of my wife Inge. In the first years she was a most reliable and patient companion on my journeys to the most remote comers of Anatolia. At this time we climbed together a lot of the best known peaks of the country. After the birth of our son Felix, she took by far the bigger part of parental obligations, thus keeping me free for further work on the project. Another crucial point was access to scientific literature. In Turkey I was confronted with such a lot of bureaucratic obstacles that I decided to do my literature studies whenever possible in Austria. Most disappointing was the refusal of admitting loans, photocopies or photos by the Istanbul office of WWF, which is in custody of a rather interesting collection of local botanical literature. The contrast to the generous and always friendly treatment by my Austrian colleagues could not have been greater. Dr. G. Leute and Dr. R. Ebcrwein, both botanists at the Karnter Landesherbar, gave me free access to scientific literature in a completely unbureaucratic way. The same is valid for the botanists at the Vienna Natural History Museum, Dr. E. Vitek und Dr. B. Wallnofcr as well as for Doz. Dr. F. Speta (Biologiezentrum Linz). The latter also controlled my identifications of Scilla and Ornithogalum and identified Ornithogalum cydni, not included in Flora of Turkey. Mag. H. Standhartinger (Linz) had the kindness to review the English text. All of them I would like to thank for their help. Gerhard Pi Is August 2006 (8) Flora Biodiversity The map of global plant diversity by Barthlott & al. (1997) shows values for Turkey that are comparable with those of Central Europe, including the Alps. Lowland Austria and Inner Anatolia are mapped as zone 5 (1000-1500 species/10.000 km2), whereas the Alps and the Anatolian high mountains belong to zone 6 (1500-2000 species/10.000 km2). Based on these simple preliminary considerations, Turkey and Central Europe should be comparable in species numbers and floristic diversity. Endemism ^ DAVIDS & al. (1988) calculated that nearly one third or Turkish plant species (30,6 %) is endemic to Turkey and the nearby Aegean Islands. For Austria the respective value is meagre 1,56 %. Unfortunately endemism percentages are highly dependent on the surfaces of compared areas and their delimitations. In order to achieve better comparable data we might unite the surfaces of Germany and France, thus obtaining an even somewhat larger area than Turkey. But the estimated proportion of endemics still would remain much lower. Germany alone has about the same low proportion as Austria. One reason for this relative importance of endemism in the Turkish flora is the mountainous and at the same time rather strongly fragmentised surface of Anatolia. Altogether the Anatolian mountains resemble archipelagos like the famous Galapagos Islands. Since Darwin we know that geographic isolation between islands or separated mountains is an important means of speciation, leading to high spatial diversity. For Anatolia this assumption is conformed by concentrations of local endemism on highly isolated and relatively old massifs as Uludag or Ilgaz Dag. As a further conformation for these theories, very young volcanic cones as Ercyes Dag or Hassan Dag are surprisingly poor in endemics. A second decisive difference is the completely different history of Alps and Anatolian mountains during glacial periods. The Alps repeatedly were covered by a thick shield of permanent ice. Any spatial biologic differentiation there was eradicated during these periods. Only some local endemics of less glaciated, peripherical areas, the so called "massifs de refuge", were able to survive this glacial disaster. Their still restricted distribution is a puzzling remainder of a widely lost pre-glacial spatial diversity. As the actual Flora of the Alps is composed mainly of recolonizers with comparatively huge areas, the presence of those endemics gave rise to rather exotic theories about their formation (Pils 1995). In Anatolia ice cover during Pleistocene glaciations always remained restricted to the highest peaks. As a logical consequence, species with small distributional areas are a rather common phenomenon in many parts of the country. In other words: Anatolia as a whole is a big "massif de refuge", showing all degrees of past and recent speciation. Combining these considerations into one metaphor, one might compare evolution with the blackboard of a high school, being in constant use during a long school day. Cleaning it after each lesson will keep its surface rather uniform. Every new teacher is able to use the whole blackboard space. This represents the evolutionary position of the Alps, where the "cleaning" was done by the glaciations and the refilling by some of the surviving species. If this constant cleaning of the blackboard is missed, the situation on its surface will get highly chaotic in the course a school day, as each teacher has to use some small free patches on the blackboard for his lecture. This case represents the much higher spatial diversity of the Anatolian mountains, where a lot of local endemics is holding the place, thus impeding others from expanding their territories. As a concrete example for these fundamental differences we might compare alpine Crocus albifloms with Anatolian Crocus biflorus. The former does not show much morphological differentiation in his rather huge, but obviously young distributional area. In contrary the latter has evolved on the Anatolian mountains into at least 10 mutually excluding subspecies. Similar degrees of spatial evolution, also on specific level, are common within larger Anatolian plant genera, especially in Astragalus, Verbascum, Centaurea or Galium. Ecologic Diversity For a visitor from Central Europe the climatic diversity of Turkey is quite astonishing. On a somewhat smaller scale all climatic zones of Europe can be found. The Black Sea coast is humid all the year roundTwith the highest rainfall in the regions of Rize and Hopa. South of the Pontic Range rainfall drops abruptly and in Central Anatolia a dry and winter-cold climate predominates. Approaching the southern and western coasts the climate gets more and more Mediterranean, with mild but very rainy winters and hot and dry summers. This simple scheme is complicated a lot by the mountainous surface of Anatolia. On the high mountains harsh climatic conditions persist all the year round. There are even small glaciers on the north side of Cilo Dag and on Ararat. Also in regard to cdaphic conditions Anatolia's diversity is astonishingly high. Saline soils are rather common in the driest parts of central Anatolia. But also the Aras valley between Kagizman to the Armenian border is full of impressive salt outlets, some pouring directly out of the mountains and thus resembling snow patches from the distance. In the regions south of Sivas and around Gurun large areas of Gypsum hills are to be found with a very special flora. A further lot of endemics has been described from the extensive serpentine areas in South-West Anatolia, especially from Sandras Dag (Cicekbaba D.) near Koycegiz. Main Components of the Turkish Flora 14°/c Figure 1: Relative importance of some plant families in Turkey and in Austria. 100 % = total number of higher plant species in these countries. Regarding species numbers in Turkey and in Austria the most important plant families are more or less the same (fig.l). But there are some interesting differences in their relative importances. In both countries Asteraceae (incl. Cichoriaceae) come first with 13,2% of total species in Turkey versus 13,6% in Austria. Clearly second in Turkey come the Fabaceae with 11,2%, which is more than twice the respective Austrian value. The main reason for this outstanding importance of the pea family in Turkey lies in the extraordinary development of the genus Astragalus, making up for 1/3 of the whole family (391 from a total of 1192 species). Significantly more important in Anatolia (6,3%) than in Austria (3,5%) are also the Lamiaceae. About 16% of the Turkish Lamiaceae belong to the Genus Salvia, which is of far less importance in Central Europe. Lamiaceae often have a very high content of aromatic oils in their tissues, which acts as an effective repellent against grazing cattle. The local population often uses such aromatic Lamiaceae from different genera (e.g. Sideritis sp., Salvia sp., Thymus sp.) for the preparation of special teas. Families with relative much lower species numbers in Turkey than in Austria are Rosaceae and Cyperaceae. In the case of the former, this is explained by the numerous microspecies of Alchemilla and Rubus in Central Europe. They are largely apomiktic. Their integration in the normal species concept is somewhat questionable. The Cyperaceae in general are rather hygrophytic, a lot of them (10) growing on wet places, but also with a great importance on humid mountains. Both habitats evidently in Austria are of greater importance than in Turkey. In Central and Couthern Anatolia their places are taken by more draught resistant species, often thorny forms of the already mentioned huge genus Astragalus. 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Figure 2: Species numbers of the most important plant genera in Turkey l^-fl r^^Pl .T\ I 5 E g 5- n -i 3 <75 g. -On <3 G ill 5 o > ■e i .55 <3 Figure 2 turns our attention to the genus level. The unique position of Astragalus now becomes evident. Speciation seems to be in plain progress in this genus. This may be explained by its predisposition to treeless, dry and heavily grazed habitats. Such places probably were common in Turkey already in prehistoric times. But their extension augmented drastically due to human activities in historical times. Still more Astragalus species are reported from central Asia. The flora of the former UDSSR contained about 800 species. The plasticity of this genus is astonishingly high. Depending from environmental conditions a big variety of life forms evolved, reaching from tiny annuals to small woody and thorny bushes. Nearly each of these different sections consists of clusters of closely related species whose determination is one of the hardest tasks for botanists studying the Anatolian flora. One of the most successful growth forms of Turkish Astragali is the thorn cushion (Dompolster), which is very characteristic for the dry mountains of Inner Anatolia. Such thorn cushions were not exclusively invented by many Astragali. Really striking examples of convergent evolution are the impressive thorn cushions of Onobrychis cornuta, also belonging to the Fabaceae. But there are a lot of thorn cushions also in Acantholimon (Plumbaginaceae). Even some Asteraceae (in Turkey e.g. Centaurea urvillei, C. iberica) and Caryophyllaceae (e.g. Minuarita juniperina) evolved in that direction. Second in importance comes Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) and third is Centaurea (Asteraceae). For Verbascum Turkey evidently is the centre of distribution. From approximately 360 species worldwide not less than astonishing 232 are to be found in Turkey, 79,4% of them being Anatolian endemics. Most Verbascum species are protected against water losses and hungry cattle by a dense indumentum of tree-shaped micro hairs. Centaurea species rarely have dense indumentums, but m defence against heavy grazing developed thorny phyllaries or evolved to acaulous forms. Summary A comparison between the floristic varieties of different countries is a very difficult task. The only easy accessible data are overall species numbers. But of course such numbers are biased by a lot of non biological factors as different territory size, different species concepts or simply a different state of (11) research. If we try to compare Turkey with Europe, we first of all have to take in mind these problems. Guener & al. arrive at 9222 species of higher plants for Turkey. In Flora Europaea approximately 11500 species are listed for the whole continent, the surface of which is about thirteen times as big! If we combine the territories of France (without Corse) and Germany we get better comparable areas, Turkey being the noticeably smaller part. The species number of this combined France-Germany territory has to be estimated from the respective national floras. Probably it is near 6000, which is only 2/3 of the Turkish value. This rather enormous difference is due to Turkey's extremely high endemism rate in combination with the huge large scale ecologic diversity of the country. Climate and Vegetation Along the northern border of Anatolia the Pontic Range forms a more or less continuous barrier against humid air from the Black Sea. This leads to high precipitations on the northern slopes of the Pontus during the whole year. Climatic conditions on the northern coast therefore resemble those in Central Europe and so does the vegetation. A limited Mediterranean influence is noticeable only on a very narrow coastal strip, but almost completely missing in the North-East. In the lower forest zone often Carpinus betulus prevails, frequently intermingled with Castanea sativa. Further up Fagus orientalis and/or Abies nordmanniana form extensive forests. Humidity becomes extremely high in Lazistan, where the Pontic barrier culminates in the nearly 4000 m high Kackar Massif. East of Trabzon therefore vegetation becomes somewhat subtropic, with a lot of evergreens on the forest grounds and tea plantations everywhere on the slopes. South of the Pontic watershed the climate immediately gets drier. In the mountains first Abies, but then soon Pinus becomes dominant. In the western parts of Anatolia this is often Pinus nigra, in the east nearly exclusively Pinus sylvestris. Penetrating further into the central parts of Inner Anatolia leads to still dryer, wintercold conditions. Aridity is most pronounced around Tuz Golu south of Ankara und and in the Aras valley near the Armenian border. Between Kagizman and Tuzluca this valley is so dry, that here and there pure salt deposits are glittering like white snowfields from the bare slopes. The Taurus Range forms he southern limit of the Central Plateau. Mediterranean influence is of course very pronounced there, with a lot of snow in winter, but dry and warm summers. Climax forests are formed by Pinus nigra, Abies cilicica and Cedrus libani. Unfortunately there has been a lot of deforestation in the Taurus, most gravely affecting the stands of Cedrus. On the Aegean and Mediterranean Coasts pronounced Mediterranean conditions prevail, with very hot and dry summers and very rainy winters. Antalya has considerably more total precipitation than London (1071 mm versus 759 mm), but its seasonal distribution is completely different and average temperature is of course much higher (18,3°C versus 9,7°). Such conditions favour the growth of hard leaved evergreen trees as Quercus cocci/era and Pinus brutia. But due to massive forest destruction today hills and slopes of in coastal West and South Anatolia mostly are covered with macchie. Where fertile alluvial soils prevail, e.g. in the Cilician Plain around Adana, there is intense agriculture. An illustrated survey of the Anatolian vegetation follows on plate 408. Ancient Geographical Divisions within Turkey Scientific names of Turkish plants often are based on classical Greek or Roman names for Turkish regions. The same is valid for Boissier's Flora Orientalis and elder herbaria, where e.g. Uludag is exclusively named "Bithynian Olymp". Therefore certain knowledge of such traditional names is essential for anyone looking closer at the Flora of Turkey. Unfortunately the Turkish government wants to abolish the use of these olf names completely, apparently because they are reminiscences of severe ethnic cleansing from Christian minorities. For instance old collections from today's provinces of Agri, Erzurum, Mus and adjacent regions formerly were labelled as coming from 'Turkish Armenia". Plants with the epithet "armena" in fact often were not described from today's Armenia, but from Turkish localities. After the genocide of 1918 there is not one Armenian left there. Today even using the traditional name "Kurdistan" for the south-eastern provinces of Turkey may have drastical consequences. And there are reports that the Turkish government tries to eliminate the epithet (12) "kurdica" from scientific nomenclature, which of course would be a violation of the rules of scientific nomenclature. Hints for Naturalists Turkey is a country with many faces. There are worlds between a modern tourist resort on the coast and a small village somewhere in the Kurdish Mountains. Turkish authorities are fond of everyone who is visiting the former, but seem to be somewhat suspicious with those rare individualists trying to visit the latter. Especially prone to suspicion from the authorities are naturalists. The main reason for this is their notorious tendency to go to remote places with cameras in their hands. In order to avoid conflicts, the following things should be kept in mind. Research Permissions One of the principles of Western Democracies is freedom of research. In Turkey scientific research is definitely forbidden for foreigners without a special permission. But of course one has the freedom to solicitate such permission, whereas the Turkish officials have the freedom to grant it within a month, or a year, or never.....Like many other Turkish laws, this law against illegally acting foreign scientists can be interpreted in very different ways. In Nemrut Dagi National Park I was confronted with a park officer who even forbade me to take close up photos of plants because of this law. Elsewhere state forest guards even showed me the places, where I could find rare plants and take photos of them. Anyway, collecting herbarium material without permission is prone to be considered an illegal scientific act by a normal Turkish judge. This makes a serious occupation with Turkish plants a very complicated affair, as exact detenuinations of photos in a lot of cases require perfectly collected herbarium material. Forbidden Zones In south-eastern Turkey the army decides, who is allowed to go where. This is not a big affair on the main routes and during times of armistice between Kurds and Ankara. But during times of unrest in the affected areas a lot of the smaller roads may be closed by the army. Such zones of notoriously difficult access are the mountains south of Lake Van and the province of Tunceli. On the larger roads at these times one has to endure lengthy controls. Another problem is the presence of military posts or radar stations on many of the more exposed peaks or mountain passes. Approaching these constructions is not tolerated, though I never was able to (13) see any indication of this on the access roads. Thus quite a lot of interesting mountains are closed to the public, e.g. Honaz Dag near Denizli, Karaca D. near Diyarbakir and Piresit D. in Van Province. Maps It is impossible to get detailed maps in Turkey. Obviously they are reserved for officials, as we saw them sometimes in police stations. Marked paths as in Europe are a new creation of some touristic regions (e.g. the Lycian Trail) but do not exist elsewhere. Mountaineering in Turkey therefore always demands some sense of orientation. On the other hand weather in central and south Anatolia tends to be very stable in summer and the scarcity of forests makes orientation normally a rather easy task. For Turkish speaking tourists route finding normally is not a problem at all, as during summer there are always a lot of shepherds in the mountains. Anatolian Hospitality In small Anatolian villages strangers normally are met in an utmost friendly way. Invitations for tea (cay) or a meal are normal. But of course everyone in such a village is interested in the strangers. If one likes to stay as quiet as possible, one should try to look as Turkish as possible. Turks or Kurds never wear short trousers. Such a "sexy" outlook could attract hoards of laughing and crying children. On the contrary, Anatolian folk is often wearing jackets also when working on the fields. Respected women of course should show as little bare skin as possible. Annoyances or Robberies Within villages one normally may feel as secure as in central Europe. Outside it is prudent to avoid groups of children or youngsters, especially in the poor south-eastern provinces. In these regions tourists may become aims of rather wild begging attacks, in very seldom cases also to robbery. This happened to me during my five years' stay in Turkey only two times, with one of these accidents happening in the outskirts of Istanbul. Wild camping should be avoided, especially on exposed places. (14) (15) Bibliography BARTHLOTT, W & al. 1997: World Map of Global Biodiversity .- website: http://www.nees.uni-bonn.de/biomaps/Biodivmap_Barthlott_300dpi.gif Baytop, T. 1997: Türkce Bitki Adlari Sözlügü [Wordbook of Turkish Plants].- Türk Dil Kurumu Yayinlari (Ankara) 578 Baytop, T. 2000: Anadolu Daglarinda 50 Yil [50 Years in the Anatolian Mountains].- Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevi LTD STI; [Describing the botanical exploration of Turkey during the last centuries]. Davies, P.H. ed. 1965-1988: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, 10 vols.- Edinburgh: University Press GÜNer, A. & al. 2000: Flora of Turkey Supplement 2 [= vol 11].- Edinburgh: University Press kreutz, D.A.J. 1998: Die Orchideen der Türkei, 766 pp.- Landgraaf (NL): Selbstverlag Mayer, h. & Aksoy, h. 1986: Wälder der Türkei.- Stuttgart & New York: G. Fischer Verlag Nydegger-HüGLI, M. 1989-2002: Ergänzungen zu P .H. Davies' „Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands" 1-10 (1965-1988).- Bauhinia (Genf) 9/2-16 [published in 13 parts; part 9 and later with colour photos] kürschner, H., raus, T. & Venter, j. 1995: Pflanzen der Türkei. Ägäis - Taurus - Inneranatolien.- Wiesbaden: Quelle & Meyer. [A very useful introduction in the ecology of plants and vegetation in Western Turkey, with keys for the families and genera of the West Anatolian flora. Unfortunately the hook lias no colour illustrations and only 480 species are illustrated.] türkiye Tabiatini Koruma Dernegi [Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature] 2000: Türkiye Bitkileri Kirmizi Kitabi [Red Data Book of Turkish Plants].- Ankara [Mostly containing plant lists but also 96 nice colour photos of rare plants] PlLS, G. 1995: Die Bedeutung des Konkurrenzfaktors bei der Stabilisierung historischer Arealgrenzen.- Linzer biol. Beitr. 27/1: 119-149. [with some computer modelling, trying to explain the acuta! distribution patterns of endemics in the Alps] sorger, F. 1994: Blumen der Türkei.- Stapfia (Linz) 34 [Like the other books of Sorger with a lot of nice colour photos] Sorger, F. 1998: Einige Endemiten aus der türkischen Pflanzenwelt im Bild.- Stapfia (Linz) 54 Sorger, F. 2000: Pflanzen einiger Salzsteppen der Türkei im Bild.- Stapfia (Linz) 68 turkish journal of botany [This is the most important scientific journal in regard to the Turkish flora. The articles are in English and freely accessible in the internet:] http.7/mistug.tetm.tubitak.gov.tr/~bdyim/sayilar.php3?dergi-bot WWF-Turkey: The Turkish section of the Worldwide Found for Nature presents a part of his website in English. More information can be found on this website in Turkish, e.g. a nice documentation of plant collecting areas in Turkey by Prof. N. özhata/ (Istanbul).- website: http://www.wwf.org.tr/en/ Yesil Atlas: A fine periodical dealing exclusively with nature in Turkey, in full colour, only available in Turkish - website: http://www.vesilatlas.com/ Signs and Abbreviations Data were taken mainly from Davies & al. (1965-2000). Where it seemed necessary also personal observations of the author were used. When interpreting these data, one should always keep in mind that knowledge of the Turkish flora is still rather superficial. Especially distributional data for widespread rudcrals seem to very incomplete as such "weeds" are rarely collected. The information for each species follows the following scheme: life-form © additional m information flowering time (4 = april etc.) Nght (cm) <30 Inserts in the corners of the photos inform about life-form, growing height and flowering time. In difficult genera there may also be additional information in the fourth corner (sec figure on the left). The text under the pictures contains further information in the following order: [Plant name]: [altitudinal distribution (meters above sea level)]; [ecological preferences]; [distribution within Turkey] Life forms a (winter or summer-) annual b biennial (monocarpic) P perennial herb ss semi shrub (partly woody) 1 liana (woody climber) s shrub t tree Height: Unless otherwise indicated maximal length of flowering stems (corms) in cm. In plants without aerial corms height of the leaves (e.g. in ferns), m meter p prostrate, (p) = sometimes prostrate c climbing, (c ) = sometimes climbing r long creeping rhizomes or stolons present <100r therefore means: plant to 100 cm high, with long creeping rhizomes Flowering time: numbers (1 to 12) indicate flowering months (January to December). Name: scientific names normally refer to Flora of Turkey. Some essential synonymy is given in the index. agg- aggregate ( group of closely related species) In cases of infraspecific variation the following rules were applied: (16) • If there is only one subspecies in Turkey, the complete scientific name including subspecies is given. • If a species shows variation on subspecific level within Turkey, the following description refers to the behaviour of the whole species in Turkey, and not only to the photographed subspecies. • In some rare cases only photos of subspecies not growing in Turkey were available. In these cases the subspecies-name of the photographed plant is put in brackets. Altitudinal distribution: indicated in meters above sea level. « <400 » therefore means from sea level up to 400 m s.l. Pteridophyta P Equisetaceae, Isoetaceae, Lycopodiaceae Habitat: cult, div. nat. also cultivated diverse (growing in a great variety of habitats) naturalized Distribution within Turkey: Geographical divisions :\ within Turkey (after Davies 1965) D. E Eu iA N oA S w r IT scat, wspr. + J NE-SE (-N) (N) (Am.) Dag (mountain) East, standing alone meaning regions NE,EE,SE,SSE together Europe Inner Anatolia North, standing alone meaning regions NW,NN,NE together Outer Anatolia (all parts of Anatolia lying outside iA) South, standing alone meaning regions SW,SS,SSE,SE together West, standing alone meaning regions NW, WW.S W together rare very rare scattered (with a very interrupted distribution) widespread mainly endemic to Turkey distributed from NE to SE (= growing in NE,EE,SE) extending marginally to the N rare in the N originating from America 4-10 <100rfc 7 Q ,,n, Equisetum ramosissimum: E. hyemal^^Tn °'4"8 <50r P E. palustre: 50-1400; wet; NW.NE <15ÖT^HHH|5^- ^1607] Equisetum f,uviatile:c. E. telmateia: <1200; moist places "'sw F ------------■ 1500, semiaquatic; NE rr w ' ,ÖW E- arvense: 150-1700; ruderal" tsr^r^ «:i:i,200,2100: ------- open peat in boas: NE rr 2 Lycopodiaceae Marsileaceae, Ophioglossaceae, Osmundaceae, Polypodiaceae s.latiss Pteridophyta Pteridophyta ^ Polypodiaceae s.latiss. (Asplenium) 3 Lycopodium alpinum: 1800-2300; dry turf; NE 3 , , i Ltristachyum: 50-1000; L. c/aVafum: 150-1900; Rhododendron scrub; NE shadyacidsojKNj^ 8 I <10 b_______ Marsilea quadrifolia: <30; aquatic; NE rr #3 Botrychium lunaria: 2100-2200; tundra; NW.NE.SE sw places; NW.NE r - -,i ■ ■ ■ . ■ <30 BnHUSBSIKHHH^ <25 Asplenium onopteris: <170; macchie, forest borders; oA A. adiantum-nigrum: <170 A. ruta-muraria: 500-2000; __ m; shady, rocky; +oA limestone rocks; scat. pT ' ' _8-9 <20___ Asplenium obovatum: <30; siliceous A. cuheifolium: 2000-2200; serpenti- A. septentrionale: <2200; siliceous rocks; NW(lstanbul) rr ne rocks; NW.C.SW local rocks; +oA Asplenium trichomanes: A. viride: 1900-2200; limesto- Athyrium filix-femina: 100-1700; damp forests; <2000: neks walls; +oA ne rocks; NN.EE.SS, scat. N,W, SS(Amanus) 4 Polypodiaceae s.latiss. (Blechnum) Pteridophyta Pteridophyta ^ Polypodiaceae s.latiss. (Dryopteris) 5 <40 I ■—;■■- •—" rh^Uanthesfřaarans: Ch. marantae: 30-2700; Blechnum spicant: <1400; Ceterach officmarum: ^^ss mostly serpentine; oA,EE <1300; dry rocks; oA___rt/tfa: <1200; rocky, stony, cult; W.SS 2000; forests; NE 5 <25mL_ _ ... P. pinea: <350; coastal sands, cult.; oA scat. iuUU, IUIOOIO, 111- ,nnn • „,. • b Picnomon acarna: <1600; ruderal, Lamyropsis cynaroides: <800; open Pinus Carduus nutans: <2700; stony; not SE brutia forests etc; SW.SS ruderal; not SE Notobasis syriaca: <850; ruderal; W,S Carduus pycnocephalus: <1450(- Carduus onopordioides: 2050); ruderal; not NE_ 1300-2100; stony; NE.EE r b Carduus acanthoides: C. acicularis: <800; rude- C. hamulosus: 1210-2150; C. lanuginosus: 2250-<2100; ruderal; NW.NE ral; oA.SSE pastures etc.; NE-SE 3100; stony; NE.EE.SS Pi <7o i^BbVHHHHI 6*7 Carduus tmoleus: 1300-1900; mountain-forests; Tyrimnus leucographus: <1000; Jurinea alpigena: <2740; NW.WVV r garigue, fields; W,SS rocks; N! Jurinea consanguinea: Jurinea kilaea: coastal sands; NW Jurinella moschus: 1500-3700; <1950; steppe; wdsp. (E r) screes, rocks; 56 Asteraceae (Jurínea) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Asteraceae (Centaurea) 57 fj^S <80______________ jZmea mollis: <1500; pastures, macchie, Serratula oligocephala: 760- Serratula tinctoria: c.980; meadows; forest borders, etc.; +W 2400; limestone; EE(-SSE)! NW(Bolu) rr - - " "pi Ser7auh7Zerinthifolia:-\60- S. radiata: 1650- Mantisalca salmantica: <500; Acroptilon repens: 800-1900; stony; EE.SS-SSE 2500; steppe; NE-SE stony; WW r 1650; steppe; ±iA,S Amberboa moschata: 1000-1650; Oligochaeta divaricata: 800-1500; dry or sali- Centaurea aegialophila: dry or saline steppe; EE(Aras valley) ne steppe; EE(lgdir-Dogubayazit) sandy coast; SW.SS Centaurea rhizocalathium: 1400-1700; steppe; NN.NE ! b-p C. behen: 340-1730; stony slopes, fields etc. EE,SE,SSE !.*L— .....j Centaurea polypodiifolia: 800-2500; steppe; fields etc.; C. inermis: 200-500; mac- C. pterocaula: 1500-2100; (C-)E.SS chie etc.; NW steppe etc.; (SW-)CNE-SE Centaurea glastifolia: 1500-2500; steppe, roadsides; C. saligna: 1400-2000; C. pulchella: 900-1900; ±E rocky; EE.SE! steppe, fields; iA 58 Asteraceae (Centaurea) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Asteraceae (Centaurea) 59 ___7-8 <40 ______ Centaurea cadmea: 500-2200; lime- C. mucronifera: 1600-3000; rocky stone rocks; W,(C)! (limestone); EE(western part),SS ! " p C.jacea: <1000; meadows; NE Centaurea simplicicaulis: C. kurdica: 900-1500; steppe; EE.SSE ! 400-2600; rocks; NE Centaurea antiochia: <500(-1000); rocks, C. urvillei: <2800; rocky steppe; wdsp. macchie etc.; SS ! _ 20-90| C. carduiformis: 500-2300; steppe; C.NE.EE Centaurea scopulorum: <350; limestone rocks; SS ! Centaurea persica: 1950-2100; rocky; SE a-b| Centaurea gigantea: c.1700; roadsides; SE r Centaurea iberica: <2300; ruderal; wdsp. Centaurea calcitrapa: Centaurea rigida: 600-<400; ruderal; NW.SS scat. 1500; steppe etc.; EE.SSE Centaurea helenioides: 1400-2450; Centaurea aucheri: 1150-2500; lush meadows; NE ! steppe; NE-SE r p Centaurea kotschyi: 700-2300; steppe; C,(EE),SS 60 Asteraceae (Centaurea) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Asteraceae (Centaurea) 61 Centaurea armena: 1950-2600; steppe, tundra; EE(-NE)! p " tm jwfc^i—■— C. rhizantha: 900-3600; steppe, tundra; C.NE-SE - ; 6-7 Centaurea drabifolia: 800-2600; steppe, tundra, wdsp. I C. lycopifolia: 50-1800, C. spectabilis: 850-2650; rocky macchie; SS ! stony slopes etc.; EE.bh Centaurea chrysantha: 1000-2190; rocky; SS(Aladaglari)! p C. solstitialis: <1900; ruderal, fields; wdsp. Centaurea albonitensis: 1640-2400; eroded slopes; SE C. appendicigera: 2500-3500; rocky; NE Centaurea salonitana: C. hypoleuca: 600-2600; C. karduchorum: 1900-3000; C. stenolepis: <1350; <300; roadsides etc.; NW forests etc.; NE rocky; SE ! meadows; NW,(C) Centaurea pyrrhoblephara: 1700-2300; rocky; C. pulcherrima: 1700- C. pecho: 200-800; rocky; (C-)NE-SE ! 3500; rocky; NE-EE NE(Artvin) r! 62 Asteraceae (Centaurea) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Asteraceae (Centaurea) 63 5-7 <60 Centaurea dealbata agg: 1280- C. depressa: <2300; fields, ruderal; C. cyanus: <1500; fields, ruderal; W wdsp. ^mmmmWSmmm PJ 1900; rocky; N E Centaurea triumfettii: 500- C. mathiolifolia: 950-1700; C. reuterana: 1300-2100; rocky; oA,C scat.! [also violett-3500; meadows etc.; wdsp. pastures; SW I purple] Centaurea nigrifimbriata: 1525- C. pichleri: 900-3100; steppe, tundra; C. thirkei: 900-2100; steppe; W 3100; meadows; NE ±C(-SS) Centaurea bourgaei: 1100-2400; stony pastures, lime- C. woronowii: 700-1500; stony, rocky; N E ! stone; SW! 5-7 <70L_:i_6-8 <80p_J . y^, I-„* ___* ___7"8 Centaurea lanigera: 1300-3000; C. pseudoscabiosa: 1400- C. kiiaea: coastal dunes; NW ! stony; iA.SS ! 2800; steppe; NE-SE Centaurea cheiranthifolia: 1900-2750; C. wiedemanniana: 100-400; C. cuneifolia: <850; forest borders rocky-sunny; NE-EE [also purple-violett] rocky; NW r! etc.; NW ■ *W 64 Asteraceae (Centaurea) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Asteraceae (Carthamus) 65 i, -8 <5o iah___marnm 7-8 Centaurea aggregata: C. olympica: 500-1200; forest bor- C. pinetorum: 290-1050; limestone phrygana 700-2UOO; sirny: (C-)h.SS decs etc.: NW ' _ ^ etc.; SS(Ermenek area) ! CenTalireJvirgata: 100- C. calolepis: 50-1300; dry, C. diffusa: <900; dry, sunny; NW 2000; dry, sunny; wdsp. sunny; WW.SW ! Crupina vulgaris: <2000; Cnicus benedictus: <1580; ruderal, Carthamus lanatus: <2290; ruderal; wdsp. steppe etc.; N.iAscat. fields; wdsp. 7- Carthamus glaucus: <900; ruderal; Carthamus persicus: 340-1750; E of 32°E (not SE) steppe, fields; +iA bi <35 ikBWJsnni Cardopatium corymbosum: <1700; garrigue, pastures; W,SS,(C) Carlina lanata: <800; stony pastures Carlina biebersteinii agg.: 250-2000; Carlina corymbosa: <1450; rude-eta; oA meadows; NW,NE(-EE) ral, scrub; W,SS Carlina vulgaris: 700- Atractylis gummifera: Atractylis cancellata: <1000; stony; WW,SW,SS 2000; pastures etc.; N(-iA) <100; roadsides; WW r 66 Asteraceae (Carduncellus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae <^m5BS«SS2^ xtSnSSSSK?* Cterdinia orientalis: 300-2050; disturbed steppe etc.; <120, ruderal; NW r <195Q; steppe; wdsp. ±iA.S EcTihops^iS '' Eviscosus: <1650; ruderal; not £ ritro: <2100; steppe; W.C.SS steppe, roadsides; iA(eastern),SS-SE NE.SE £. microcephalus: <900; £f. sphaerocephalus: Acantholepis orientalis: 1000-1100; semidesertic step-field margins etc.; NW.WW <1930; ruderal; very scat. pe; NE(Aras valley)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Asteraceae-Cichorioideae (Scolymus) 67 6-9 <80 Scolymus hispanicus: <1600; rude- S. maculatus: <1000; ruderal; ral, pastures; W,SS,C W,SS(- iA) ■II <6o i*A 96 Brassicaceae (Enarthrocarpus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Brassicaceae (Cakile) 97 ^rSSSSSs^SS: <50; "ky pastures, ruderal; Crambe maritima: coastal sands; NW(Black Sea, Eu) r W,SS (coastal) Chlmbe^rlentalis:'500-2800; fields, roadsides etc.; iA Crambe tatarica: 900-1400; rocky, steppe; C [white and more rarely yellow flowering = var. sulphurea] Conrinqia grandiflora: C. perfoliate: 600-1300; Conringia orientalis: Conringia plansiliqua: <100oTcky, sandy; SW ! stony etc.; E of 32°E <2000; ruderal, stony; scat. 850-1600; rocky; ±.A(-SS)| Cakile maritima: sea shores; N.W Rapistrum rugosum: <100Ö; ruderal, Lepidium cae'spľtosum: 900-130Ö; salt mars- fields; ±oA a-b hes and salt steppes; iA ! P _J 4-6 ■^r^flP <30 4-6 Lepidium graminifolium: L. campestre: <1000; rude- L. cartilagineum: 900-1500; saline places; iA <1000; ruderal; ±oA(-iA) scat. ral, dry, open; N Lepidium latifolium: <1500; L. sativum: <1000; rude- L. ruderale: <1500; rude- L. virginicum: <100; rude-marshy, also saline; wdsp. ral, cult; scat. ral; scat. [±foetid] ral; NE (N-Am.) m* "<20 'SrXt>*-r. 98 Brassicaceae (Lepidium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Brassicaceae (Isatis) 99 _ 4-5 \iMMM Lepidium spinosum- L. vesicarium: 1100-2000; L. perfoliatum: <1400; Cardaria draba: <2000; <900- ruderal, moist; scat, semidesertic areas; NE-SE ruderal, salt steppe; wdsp. rudera^lsp_ Coronopus squamatus: Isatis spectabilis: 1300-1600; rocky; iA(Tunceli- /. tinctona: 1650-2400; <1000; ruderal, moist; scat. Púlúmur) local I rocky, steppe etc.; S.E(-C-N) /. undulata: 1050; stony; EE(Upper /. floribunda: 900-1500; steppe; C ! Euphrates) local ! (b?)p| Isatis aucheri: 960-2000; rocky; EE(-C-SS) ! •s •.- in* '\ *a?-\ p it* • • /saŕ/s glauca: 750-1750; steppe, fields; iA,S /. cappadocica: 800-3000; rocky, /. buschiana: 800-1800; stony; +S,E steppe; wdsp. [extremely variable] 4-6 Isatis takhtajanii: 2200- Coluteocarpus vesicaria: 1200-3300; steppe, Iberis sempervirens: 1000-2400; 3600; stony tundra; +EE.SE tundra; NE-SE limestone, rocky; SW.SS(-C) Iberis acutiloba: <800; /. taurica: 400-2900; rocky; wdsp. (not SE) /. carica: 100-2500; rocky; SW ! ruderal; W,SS,SSE 100 Brassicaceae (lberis) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Brassicaceae (Aethinoema) 101 lberíswuÍeri:m&200- Heldrelolu^b%SfoUa: H. rotundifolia: 1000-2900; Biscutelladidyma: <400; rocky; NW,SW! 2000-3000; scree; EE scree; NE,EE,SS-SE_!_ rocky; WW.SWSS Aethiolieln^alSuZ: 600- Ae. carneum: 300-1000; Ae. elongatum: 1000-2000; rocky; NE.EE (Aras valley, 2700; stony fields etc.; wdsp. fields, ruderal; SSE Dogubayazit) Aethionema lepidioides: 1050-1550; Ae. eunomioides: 600-2950; crevices Ae speciosunvj 500-3000; gypsum steppe; iA (Sivas-Gurun) local! in limestone rocks; C.EE.SS ! rocky; (C-)N_-bh(-bb) 4!* í <25 R______M__Lj5-6 <20 Rf^j^k. 4-6 _!___! <15 Aethionema cordatum: Ae. stylos urn: 1500-1800; Ae. iberideum: 1700-2400; screes, stony; wdsp. 1300-2400; rocky; NW,iA stony; SS __________________ -______________: Aethionema saxatile: 600-1000; ^e. trinervium: 2000-2700; rocky; Ae. oppositifolium: 2000-3000; stony; NW r NE-SE rocky; scat, (not E) Aethionema armenum: Ae. grandiflorum: 1000-3000, era- Ae. capitatum: 1200-2900; stony; SS(-EE)! 800-1700; rocky; +iA ded slopes; EE,SE 102 Brassicaceae (Aethionema) Dicotyledonae ' fit I* - -. Sema schistosum: 1200- Ae. caespitosum: 2200-2900; rocky: Ae membranaceum: 1800-3050; 1700; rocky; SW.SS(-EE)! NN.NE.EE rocky; NE-SE a <7o IB 1BK^N>W ^i r/7/asp/a/vense;<1800; T. annuum: <2000; rocky; T. perfoliatum: <2570; dry, T. alliaceum: <200; semiru-ruderal; scat. NN.SW.SS scat, sunny; wdsp. deral; NW.NN Thiaspi jaubertii: 300-1200; T. bornmuelleri: c. 2000 (upper 7". cilicicum: 600-2130; forests; SS(Cilician open forests; WW.NW.NN ! forest limit); grassland; EE local ! Taurus)! Dicotyledonae a Brassicaceae (Thiaspi) 103 Thiaspi ceratocarpum: c. T. praecox: <200; dry meadows; NW(Eu) r 7. densiflorum: 1000-1600; open forests; 1500; ruderal; EE SS(Anti-Taurus, Amanus)! 1 r" J9H ''H EraQk mm r^MiJ <2oT| Thiaspi iiliacinum: 2100- 7. kurdicum: 3200-3600; 7. ochroleucum: 1500-2200; tundra; N,(C) 2500; grassy tundra; N(-iA)! limestone scree; SE Teesdalia coronopifolia: Hymenolobus procumbens: c.1000; <1000; sandy; NW.WW salt steppe, ruderal; NW,C Thiaspi sintenisii: 2700-3300; scree; NE 104 Brassicaceae [Hutchinsia) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Brassicaceae (Cochlearia) 105 Hutchinsiapetraea: <1Q00, Capsella bursa-pasto- C. rubella: Neslia f\oulata: N panic u lata: 500- rocky; NW,WW,C,EE riJ> _£jir* -6-7 "5lÜSSÖi5äC^-6 <4ÖL;i:*^iWk '5-6 yU/ssíJSfe^su/um; 1400-2200; stony; NW,SW ! A. ochroleucum: 1200- A. stnbrnyi: <2250; 1900; limestone; NE-SE ! dunes, rocky; NW,SW-SSE Jlepidote hairsjj J on fruit <4 ^l^lo^ A^murale: <3000; steppe, scrub etc.; wdsp." A. tortuosum: 1650-1800; 'V „.* o\a/ cc dry slopes; NE r screes, rocks; SW-SS 3 r A. peltarioides: A = ssp. virgatiforme: 900-2600; stony; NN.iA.SS ! A.sibiricum: 100-2200; dry steppe; not B' = ssp. peltarioides: 2000-3580; scree; NE-SE(-C) I 5-7 <15 ^fflRLl^^5-6 Alyssum pateri: 500-3000; open A. thymops: 950-1550; A. tetrastemon: 1400-1800; steppe; C,SW,SS ! places; not N a ~n.7 steppe; C ! a I > *f ;^J_£H$£ 4-7 I <15 Erysimum hakkiaricum: 3000-3400; £. r/iyrso/o*e^i/mr80Ö-260Ö; stony; E. uncináiifolium: 1400-2000; stony; rocky, snow beds; SE P iA,SS ! : siliquae with mainly 3-5-fid hairsj NE,iA(37°- 40°E)! tj b-p <4o WĚĚĚĚĚĚĚKĚĚĚĚĚMž*) •»;•?•> •___Hi 1-7 rm . ---- Lon/ceraer/x/sca; <1200; Minuartia hybrida: <2200; M. mesofltena; <1800; dry, M. med«erranea: <600; macchie;notNE,SE stony pastures; wdsp. sunny; NN.W.SS.SSE sandy; NW.SW r -5 <6 l ^ÄÄ*L*»tó3iÍ5-6 <12 Minuartia decipiens: <1300; stony, M. scferanina; 300-1400; sandy M. picta: <1800; stony pastures; sunny; SS.SSE steppe; C.SW (SW-)SSE Minuartia intermedia: <1300; M. a/zo/ctes: 2000-3600; tundra; M. erythrosepala: 1300-2670; stony tundra; open ground; NW.NN.SS (iA-)NE.EE not WW 11 ■ ' Minuartia verna: <2750; M. micrantha: 700-1220; M. n/rsuŕa ssp. falcata: M. circassica: 2000-3800; >ny pastures; N_ rocks; NN-NE_ pf ' ' <30 ^"*^^^^^^r^M>i i^^^BHMBSfcMii"t"' - ' J^/y; MESSMmBr.- 75^ '•-1 Rw^^BBBpaLibaBBl 1 / " 1 ' .ŕ I t T C 1 A r* f^aaM^aav^ T/^'^m ; • ! í ■ ! ^7? <25 j_T5-71 <25 r j2f? JBHHHHHHHH 1500; rocky steppe; C(-EE)! 2500; stony; W of 37°E Minuartia recurva: 2000- M. leucocephala: 1650-2450; rocky tundra, Arenaria kotschyana: 900-2800; rocks; EE.SS(-C) ! !fPj i! 4000; tundra; S,E (-C) scree; SW.SS ! oreina 130 Caryophyllaceae (Arenaria) Dicotyledonae w Dicotyledonae Caryophyllaceae (Arenaria) 131 Arenar/atScSaflS-2300; A. rotundifolia: 1000-2750; rocky; A. filicaulis: 110-2000; rocks; NW(-C),NN very limestone rocks; WW.SW! not SE local ----- A^enaTTo^Sa* <2440;8 ' AlmchanU: <1000; rocks; A. pamphylica: <2000, ^^^ii.^;1^01 rocks; SW.SS SW! n Arenaria leptoclados: A. serpyllifolia: <2500; <1500. drv.open; not SE ruderal; not SE limestone rocks, SW.SS ! limestone rocks; SSE A dianthoides: 1800-2450; A blepharophylla: 1800-dry mountain steppe; NE.EE 2800; dry; NE-SE " ri *'*' Arenaria gypsophiloides: 1500-2900; dry meadows; E A cucubaloides: 1800- A. acerosa: 1350-2450; 2300; dry meadows; E(-C)! stony; iA,S (not SE) I <30 4 M 6-7 <30 ---r ^>^|5-6 Arenaria ledebouriana: 900-2800; Moehringia trinervia: Stellaria nemorum: moist, shady forests; NE r <2300; forests; N(-iA) S. media: <2100; ruderal; wdsp. A = ssp. media: <2100; scat.(rare in E) B ^^^^^^fa^^4^0^^^^W^^^^^^sn^^e^^wl^^ stony; iA,S(not SE)! Stellaria cilicica: <550; +shady; SW,SS 132 Caryophyllaceae (Stellaria) a,p Dicotyledonae Sfe//aria pere/ca; 1500- S. kotschyana: 1900-3200; S. graminea: 300-2000; 2800; moist; NE-SE scat. rocky; EE,SE P meadows; NW.NE r <40 S. holostea: <1600; forests; N P ,____ _ _ __„. ... _____ __j4-7" <15 ^mTMmMWL- s-8 Myosoton aquaticum: <100; damp Cerastium anomalum: <2500; fields C. cerastioides: 1800-2800; moist places, N etc., N,W,SS,SSE tundra, snowbeds; not WW,SW,SE Cerastium armeniacum: 1400-2200; C. perfoliatum: <1300; ruderal; C. chlorifolium: 500-2800; fields; stony; NE !_ NW.NN.iA NN.iA.SW.SS <25 saiHr Dicotyledonae P Caryophyllaceae (Cerastium) 133 Pi Cerastium macranthum: C. dahuricum: 2000-3300; C. purpurascens: 1800-1800-3000; rocky; SW ! damp places; NE(-EE) 3800; tundra; N,iA C. holosteoides: <1700; grassland; N,SS,SSE(-C) 5-8 <15 Be^S^^S*^6-9 In _ A <20 JmWBBLJ^t4-6 Cerastium banaticum: 800-2250; C. gnaphalodes: 2000-4400; tundra; C. dichotomum: 350-2500; fields dry meadows; N,W NN,NE-SE,SS(-C)! etc.; iA.SW.SS Cerastium illyricum ssp. comatum: C. pumilum: <1300; sandy; NW.NN C. semidecandrum: <200; sandy; <350; dry.sunny; W (-C).SS scat. NW,WW 134 Caryophyllaceae (Cerastium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Caryophyllaceae (Spergula) 135 3-8 <10 ' 15-6 _ , ___ - Cerastium glomeratum: C. gracile: <2300; stony, C. brachypetalum ssp. roeseri; C. diffusum: >150; open <850- ruderal; oA W,SS,(-C) <1700; macchie; oA (not NE) places; NW(lstanbul) " p| 6-7 <5 6 Holosteum marginatum: H. umbellatum: 300-1700; Sagina procumbens: S. saginoides: 1600-2500; fields etc.; wdsp. <2300; open, moist; N,iA tundra; NE Moenchia mantica: <1200; dry Bufonia calyculata: <1900; stony; S !(?) grassland; wdsp. p <1000; stony; N Sagina apetala: <2000; open places; +oA Spergula arvensis: <500; Spergularia maritima: fields etc.; W scat. <1000; saline; N,W,C <35 _____________ 3-6 Spergularia šalina: coa- Spergularia rubra: <2500; stal, saline; W,SS sandy; W,SS,C scat. 3-7 j <25 Jf \4FW 3"7 Spergularia diandra: Spergularia bocconii: coastal areas; Polycarpon tetraphyllum: <1000; stony; <300; saline; NW.SSE r ±saline; NW,W,SS W,SS Telephium imperati ssp. or/en- Dianthus strictus: D. multicaulis: 2000-ra/e; 400-2200; dry,stony; wdsp._<2200; stony; E.SS 3900; rocky; NE.EE D. micranthus: 1320-3360; steppe; not NN,SE,SSE,WW 136 Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae P Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus) 137 Dianthus recognitus 1800; rocky; N r! -8 <32 HB^JL ^ _ /iLflSI 4-8 D. crinitus: 50-2600; steppe; D. erythrocoleus: 3160-3700; rocky; E ! NE,iA,SS <40 1 ^ 16-9 <60 HPIVaVanBHl _ ■ 6-8 <5 ■■■^6-8 Dianthus orientalis: 500- D. libanotis: 2000-2300; stony; SE D. brevicaulis: 1900-2700; rocky; C.SS(-EE)! 3160; rocky; NE-SE.SS Dianthus zonatus: 700-2600; rocky; NE,C,SW,SS D. elegans: 70-2170; lime- D. armeria: 150-1050; stone rocks; SW.SS ! semiruderal; NW,NN Dianthus segueri: c.2000; D. corymbosus: <1400; open places; W D. hymenolepis: 1500-2200; rocky; grassland; NE r_ EE,SSE,SE p Dianthus viscidus: 50; dry D. barbatus: 940; forest borders; NW D. cibrarius: 100-1000; scrub; NW ! meadows; NW(Eu) r (Eu) r Dianthus pinifolius: 30-150; lime- D. giganteus: <1000; scrub, forest bor- D. calocephalus: <2300; div.; not SE stone-pastures; NW(Eu, Istanbul) ders etc.; N 138 Caryophyllaceae (Dianthus) Dicotyledonae <40 mfmt -E? VJLCJH 6'8 Dianthus carmelitarum: 300-3000; Petrorhagia saxifraga: <1500; stony; N tundra, steppe etc.; NN,NE,EE ! <40 _ P. dubia: <400; open places; W,SS aHHHj <4° ^HHIH 6-8 <30 I m 6-9 <4U I mo-f <35 ^ • ^t5-8 Petrorhagia prolifera: 100- P. alpina: 250-3000; div.; p. cretica: 600-1100; Velezia rigida: <2000; 1200; dry; NW,NN,(SS) wdsp. stony; WW,C,EE,SW,SS stony; notSE Saponaria chlorifolia: 800- S. prostrata: 320-1500; fields, stony slopes S. kotschyi: 850-1400; stony; SW.SS ! 1800; scree; WW.SW.C ! etc.; iA(-N.-S), not SE ssp. calvertii Dicotyledonae a ámŮ Caryophyllaceae (Saponaria) 139 >-8 ; <4 Saponaria officinalis: <1100; semiruderal; S. pumilio: 1800-2400; rocky tundra; SW,SS S. glutinosa: 900-1700; rocky; oA W of 37°E (-C) <30 -nm**- 5-7 <60 HHHI 6-7 <55 ^mWMmWW^ 4-6 Gypsophila pilosa: 300- G. parva: 600-700; gypsum; G. elegans: 650-2600; G. viscosa: 350-1400; 1200; fields etc.; +C,SSE C(Cankiri-Corum)! steppe; NE-SE semiruderal; C.SSE Gypsophila muralis: G. heteropoda: 800-1300; G sphaerocephala: 500- G. glomerata: <300; lime- <100; open soil; NW(Eu) r gypsum, very dry; C,NE,EE r 2000; stony; C,NE-SE,(SS) stone steppe; NW(Eu) 140 Caryophyllaceae (Gypsophila) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Gypsophila leucochlaena: c. 1000; gypsum; EE rRi'irttn-narp.nrie^ ! ___ 7-8 <4 _H____R___-__' 7-8 G. pulvinahs: 1300-2500; G adenophylla: 3000-limestone; EE(Dogubayazit) 3400; limestone; SE ! Gypsophila briquetiana: 1700-2500; limestone; EE (Munzur Daglari)! Gypsophila nabelekii: 1000- G. paniculata: 1500-2000; mea- G. perfoliata: 350-1500, steppe, also saline, 3800; dry pastures; NE.SE dows; EE(Mt. Ararat) G. aucheri: 1200-1600; stony; EE ! G. perfoliat C,EE,(SW) Caryophyllaceae (Gypsophila) 141 Pi Gypsophila ruscifolia: 300-1800; eroded slopes; EE.SSE.SE I Pi >-7 -7 Rosularia aizoon: 1500-3400; R hausknechtii: 1500-2800; R libanotica: 100-2400; R rechingeri: 2200- limestone; NE-SE(-C),SS limestone; EE(Tunceli)! rocks; NE,(EE),SW,SS 3000; rocky; SE Rosularia globulariifolia: <1000; lime- R radiciflora: 900-3000; shady rocks stone cliffs; SW.SS ! Rosularia chrysantha: 1600-2500; Sedum sempervivoides: 1200-2900; rocky, limestone rocks; SW.SS I stony; C,E,SW,SS local A = ssp. radiciflora: E B = ssp. glabra: SE S. pilosum: 1100-2400; basic rocks; NE 158 Crassulaceae (Sedům) P Dicotyledonae Sedum maximum: <2300; S. spurium: 1600-2700; S stoloniferum: 900-1800; S. obtusifolium: <2160 stony; NW.NE rocky; (NN-)NE moist forests; NN,NE,(SS) rocky; NW.iA scat. Sedum sediforme: <635; S. amplexicaule: <2000; S. acre: (50 )800-2000; limestone rocks; W,SS rocky; W,SS(-C) stony; N,C Sedum laconicum: 1200-2900; S. alpestre: 2000-2600; snowbeds rocks; SW,SS(-C,-EE) etc.; N S. sartorianum: <1300; limestone; W.C.SS S. ursi: 1600-1800; serpentin, limestone; SW ! Dicotyledonae P Crassulaceae (Sedum) 159 Sedum magellense: 1600- S. tenellum: 1700-3400; snowbeds etc.; NE- S. caespitosum: <1000; open pla-2400; rocky; NW.SW.SS SE.SS ces; oA(not NE),SSE <15 Hi^P^-' 4-5 S. dasyphylium: 1600- S. album: <2500; rocks, S. litoreum: <300; rocks S. annuum: 1830-2700; 2000; limestone cliffs; SW r walls; wdsp. (preferently oA) near the sea; W,SS stony tundra; N.C.SW Sedum hispanicum: S. pallidum: <1900; rocks; S. rubens: <1150; stony; S. tetramerum: 500-1750; <2400; stony; wdsp. a-r wdsp. (iA local) a-p SWr dry, open; SE.SSE 160 Crassulaceae (Sempervivum), Cucurbitaceae {Bryonia), Cuscutaceae, Cynocrambaceae Dicotyledonae <15 WHHWlSSEKI 7-9 Sempervivum gillianii: 1800- S. minus: 600-2000; Crassula tillaea: <100; 2100; limestone; NN local I stony; NE ! sandy; W.SS Bryonia cretica: <550; scrub; WW,SW,SS 4 Petals <30p Ecballium elaterinum: <600; ruderal; oA Cuscuta monogyna: <2150; mostly on woody plants; W,E C. campestris: <1500; fields etc.; NW,SW,NE,iA 6-10 ^100cHH^yH6-9 C. europaea: <2400; damp scrub; scat. Cuscuta epithymum: <2100; dry pastures; WW.NW.NN C. palaestina: <2700; dry; WW,C,SW,SS C. brevistyla: <1675; dry; not NE.EE Theligonum cynocrambe: <1500; rocky; W.SS Dicotyledonae P Datiscaceae (Datisca), Dipsacaceae (Dipsacus) 161 Datisca cannabina: <1700; forest borders etc.; oA(-EE.-SE) 8-9 <100j| Hi5-7 Dipsacus pilosus: 1200-1500; Cephalaria syriaca: <1700; fields etc.; forest borders etc.; (NN-)NE iA,(NW) Pj <2°°-'-^ran 7-9 <2 nm 7-91 <2ooj Dipsacus laciniatus: <1800; D. fullonum: <1200; Cephalaria procera: 1120- C. dipsacoides: 500-ruderal; not SSE scat. ruderal; NW.NN rr 2450; steppe; iA(eastern),(SS) 1000; rocky; SW.SS ! Cephalaria gigantea: 1350-2600; scrub, ungrazed C, speciosa: 1370-2300; C. transsylvanica: <910; meadows; (NN-)NE_ stony; EE(Erzincan.Tunceli) ! ruderal; NW(-C),(SS) 162 Dipsacaceae (Cephalaria) Dicotyledonae Cephalaria amana: 550-2000; scrub, C. setosa: 900-2800; Knautia involucrata: 1000-2700; alpine meadows, roadsides; SS(Adana-Hatay)! stony; EE,SSE,SE scrub; N Knautia degenii: <400; roadsides K. orientalis: <950; stony; NW.WW K. integrifolia: <1500; dry.open; etc.; NW.NN W.SS Knautia drymeia: c.800; Tremastelma palaestinum: forests; NW(Eu) rr <600; dry.open; NW.WW Succisa pratensis: Scabiosa prolifera: <150; 500-1100; moist; +NE r roadsides etc.; SS(Hatay) Dicotyledonae b Dipsacaceae (Scabiosa) 163 Scabiosa argentea: <2500; steppe S. sulphurea: 2130-2750; S. triniifolia: >500; Scabiosa canescens: etc.; wdsp. and frequent b-t steppe; EE (Erzurum)! dry; NW(Eu) rr <400; steppe; NW r 1\' / / f.- "8 <80_ - 16-9 <15(^fil S. atropurpurea ssp. man- Scabiosa columbaria: <2600; steppe etc.; Scabiosa rotata: 350-2440; steppe, tima: <1200; dry; NN,W wdsp. [ssp. columbaria is pink] fields; wdsp. (mainly iA) Scabiosa calocephala: <2000; open Scabiosa micrantha: 400- Scabiosa reuteriana: <700; dry, open; W ! places; iA(-SS) 2250; stony; ±iA(-SS) 164 Dipsacaceae (Scabiosa), Droseraceae (Drosera) Dicotyledonae Scabiosa hispid u la: 50- S. pseudograminifolia: 1400-1700; Pterocephalus kurdicus: 1400-1100; stony; oA(not NE),C gypsum steppe; C.EE (Ankara.Sivas) I 2200; stony; SE PJ Pterocephalus plumosus: <1700; stony; wdsp. P. szovitsii: 900-1850; dry.stony; S E P. strictus: c.1000; limestone; SSE(Mardin-Midyat) Pterocephalus pinardii: 1000-2800; P. pyrethrifolius: 1600-rocky; W,SS,C(-EE)! 2850; rocky; SE Drosera rotundifolia: D. intermedia: <1750; peat bogs; (NW),NE peaty tundra; NE rr ,4* Dicotyledonae t Ebenaceae (Diospyros), Elaeagnaceae (Elaeagnus), Ericaceae (Rhododendron) 165 s-t ■■^^■■^MHFHl s-tl Diospyros lotus: 50-340(-1100); Elaeagnus angustifolia: <3000; Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. caucasi-woodland, cult.; NE,(SS) river banks, cult.; wdsp. ca: <3000; river banks; NN,NE,iA(-SS) Empetrum hermaphroditum: Rhododendron ponticum ssp. ponticum: R. luteum: 400-2000; forests, moun-2135-3000; acid tundra; NE <1800; humid forests; N tain pastures; N Rhododendron caucasicum: 2000-3000; acid tundra; NE Erica arborea: <900; macchie; oA(not SS) E. manipuliflora: <1530; macchie; W,SS 166 Ericaceae s.latiss. (Bruckenthalia) s Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Bruckenthalia spiculiflora: Call una vulgaris: 100- Arbutus andrachne: Arbutus unedo: <300; 1600-2100; acid scrub; NW,NE 1000; acid scrub; NW,NE <800; macchie, forests; oA macchie; oA(not NE) <3o m^mmmwWM 5-7 Vaccinium myrtillus: V. uliginosum: 1700-3000; 1280-2700; acid scrub; N damp acid tundra; NW.NE Pyrola chlorantha: 1200- P. minor: 1650-2300; 2100; forests; +oA(not SS) forests; NW,NN scat. V. arctostaphylos: <1830; V. vitis-idaea: subalpine humid forests; N scrub; NE rr P. rotundifolia: 1350-2100; Orthiliajsecunda: 1000-forests; NN,NE scat. 2300; forests; N(-C) scat. It "tv i Ericaceae s.lat. (Moneses), Euphorbiaceae (Andrachne) 167 Moneses uniflora: 1500- Monotropa hypopitys: 2000; forests; NW,NN(-C) r 540-1800; forests; +oA r Andrachne telephioides: <1800; open.stony; wdsp. Chrozophora iinctoria: <1650; fields etc.; wdsp. <50 ^■Kviff2-7 <40 I________J 4-6 Mercurialis annua; <1100; M. ovafa: 1300-1800; dry ruderal etc.; oA(-C) Euphorbia peplis: <900; sandy coasts; oA,(C) M. perennis: <900; humid forests.; NE,C,SW,SS scat, forests; NW.NE E. supina: <100; open pla- E. prostrata: <50; distur-ces; NW.SS r (N-Am.) bed ground; SW rr (Am.) <500j Ricinus communis: <35; cult., ruderal; NW,SW,SS E. chamaescye: <1600; open places; wdsp. 168 Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia) Dicotyledonae ! 2-5 <35 Euphorbia dendroides: <400; lime- E. acanthothamnos: <300; dry, stone rocks; SW r rocky; W,SW E. hierosolymitana: <300; limestone rocks; WW,SW Euphorbia macrocarpa: 1800- E. apios: 150-1200; open £ cardiophylla: <2100; £. oblongata: <1200; 3000; stony scrub; EE.SE macchie etc.; NW,SW,SS scrub, forests; oA,C ! macchie etc.; NW Euphorbia wittmannii: c.1000; E. altissima: 350-1400; wet soil; E. orientalis: 650-2100; div.; NE-SE rocks; NE W,SS(-C),SSE P1 Dicotyledonae P" ' Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia 169 Euphorbia pubescens: E. austroanatolica: <1500; E. palustris: <1160; wet <1400; moist places; oA open forest; SW ! places; oA(-C) scat. H^^^n a £. stricta: <2100; forests etc.; oA,C 2-6 <100>J#U[JC4-8_ Euphorbia helioscopia: <1400; e. platyphyllos: <1600; rude- E. hausknechtii: c.700; pastures, fields; ruderal; oA.C ra|; oAiC SSE Euphorbia fistulosa: c. 750; fields; E. valerianifolia: <1100; open places; £. coniosperma: 980-1400; dry SSE NW.SW-SSE pastures etc.; C(-EE) 170 Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia) 171 Euphorbia exigua: <200; E. taurinensis: <1500; fields etc.; oA(not NE) open places; W,C,SS E. szovitsii: 300-2000; dry, E. peplus: <1400; ruderal; stony; iA oA Euphorbia falcata: <1900; fields, £. denticulata: 800-3050; steppe; open ground etc.; wdsp. stony forests etc.; iA(-SS) Euphorbia rigida: <2000; E. herniariifolia: 300-3050; E. myrsinites: 450-2200; £. anacampseros: 600- 1» 4-8 E. armena: 850-1650; semidesertic regions; NE(Aras valley) stony; W,SS,C rocky; NN,W,C(-EE),SS dry pastures etc.; N(-C) 1900; stony; WW,C(-SW,-SS) Euphorbia paralias: coastal sands; E. macroclada: 250-2500; steppe; E. cheiradenia: 1000-2900; steppe; iA(-SW.-SS) niciciana <20 7-8 <60 H ■3-10!BRllH__I <40 WfiA 4-6 <70 Euphorbia petrophila: 750- E. seguieriana: <1900; step- E. barrelieri: 150-600; E. terracina: <100; semiru-2050; stony; NN,C,EE,(SS) pe etc.; not SS-SE stony; NW(Eu) r deral; W.SS Euphorbia pestalozzae: 2000-2500; E. nicaeensis ssp. glareosa: <1800; E. heteradena: 1000-2300; stony stony limestone tundra; SW ! depastures etc.; NW,NN,C(-EE) steppe etc.; NE-SE p HI ■ 172 Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia), Fabaceae (Sophora) Dicotyledonae <100 Euphorbia cyparissias: E. virgata: 1000-3000; step- E. sanasunitensis: 2100- E. lucida: <50; riverbanks; 150-500; pastures; NW(Eu) r pe; NE-SE (-C.-NN.-SS) 3100; pastures; SE ! NW(Eu) r Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfenii: <1000; rocks, mac- E. kotschyana: 300-2500; E. lathyris: <50; nat., rude- chie etc.; W pastures etc.; WW.SW.SS ral; N scat. (W-mediterr.) Euphorbia oblongifolia: E. amygdaloides: <2000; Sophora jaubertii: <730; S. alopecuroides: <1750, 1200-2800; scrub; N(-EE) humid forests; N scrub; NW,NN,SS(Amanus) roadsides etc.; iA(-N,-SS) Dicotyledonae s Fabaceae (Anagyris) 173 Anagyris foetida: <1000; rocky mac- Cytisus villosus: 200-400; macchie; Cytisus procumbens: 950-1300; chie; W,SS,SSE(-EE) SW (Samsun D.) rr stony steppe; (NW-)C(-SS) scat. Cytisus scoparius: <100; Chamaecytisus gueneri: 1450-1700; Pinus nigra forests Ch. austriacus: <1020; forest margins; NW(Eu) r on serpentíne; SE(Sandras D.) ! Chamaecytisus pygma- Ch. eriocarpus: 600-1600; Ch. wulfii: 1300-1750; e_s:<2100; stony; N,(C) stony forests etc.; W,SW stony; C,NN local ! forest borders; NW.NN Ch. hirsutus: <1600; forests; N,(SW),SS(Amanus), 174 Fabaceae (Chamaecytisus) Dicotyledonae 1500; pastu- A. macroscepus: 700-700-1200; pastures; iA limestone; SS.SSE res etc.; NW,C,EE,SW,SSE 1460; steppe; NW.C.SS 178 Fabaceae (Astragalus) P Dicotyledonae P s Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Astragalus) 179 <3C ____-* _ 6 Astragalus coadunatus: c.2200; limestone A. eriophyllus: 1000-2300; lime- A.brachypetalus: 900-1655; scree, tundra; NE(Kop D.)! stone; C,SS ! dry steppe; NE(Aras valley) Pj Astragalus nanus: 1100-2670; C,SS 5-8 -7 <8 Oxytropis lupinoides: 1100-2230; shaley slopes in step- O. persica: 2400-3700; "stony tundra; (C-)NE-SE,SS pe; EE.SE <50 |________________^ j 5-7 <10 ll^Fm^' 7-8 Oxytropis pilosa: c. O. savellanica: 2800-3900; tun- Glycirrhiza glabra: <1800; alluvial areas, semiru- 1000?; steppe; NE dra; EE.SS.SE deral, sands; not NW Glycirrhiza flavescens: Psoralea bituminosa: <900; open ground, roadsides Cicer montbretii: <1200; <500; macchie etc., SS ! etc., oA woodland; W 186 Fabaceae (Cicer) Dicotyledonae Cicer incisum: 1450-2740; Vicia crocea: 30-2000; humid V. cracca: <2200; fields, macchie etc.; wdsp. sree; EE(-C),SW,SS forests; N.SS(Amanus) Vicia canescens: 1600-3350; rocky slopes; V. alpestris: 2000-3300; rocky, scree; V. cassia: <1000; macchie iA,NE,SW,SS NE-SE.SS I etc.; SW.SS Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Vicia) 187 Vicia pubescens: <1000; V. tetrasperma: <1950; fields, ruderal; V. ervilia: <1700; stony, scrub etc.; not macchie, fields etc.; oA oA.SE NN,NE Vicia hirsuta: <800; scrub V. sepium: 1450-2100; V. melanops: <200; V. truncatula: 600-2150; woodland; etc.; +oA,SSE scrub etc.; NE scrub; NW.WW r NN,NE,C,(SW) 188 Fabaceae (Vicia) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Vicia) 189 <70 P ■HbbbbI 5-7 Wc/a balansae: 1100-2600; forests, meadows; NE,(SS) ____ <35 V. peregrina: <1400; scrub, V. mollis: 450-1000; fields, steppe etc.; SSE(-EE) fields etc.; not NN.NE <65 |l Ii \M ■ 4-6 Vicia noeana: 500-1700; steppe, fields; +iA Vicia pannonica: <1300; fields, ruderal; N,W <80 i^HHaaaaaaaBBBaal 3-5 V. hybrida: <1000; semiruderal; oA.SSE V. lutea: <700; fields; NW,NN,C,W V. grandiflora: <1200; scrub, semiruderal; ±oA V. lathyroides: <2000; dry V. cuspidata: <1000; dry places; W,(SE) places; W(-SS,-C) Vicia bithynica: <100; scrub etc.; V. galilaea: <1300; fields, macchie; V. narbonensis: <1500; fields; not NW.NN W,SS NE-SE <80 2 3-5 <30 BHIUw_ / J 4-5 V. sativa: <2000; fields, Lens orientalis: 450-1300; Lathyrus aureus: <2000; L. niger: >1000; forests; semiruderal etc.; wdsp. steppe etc.; C,WW,SW-SSE forests; N,(iA) NW,SS(Amanus) Lathyrus venetus: 350-950; humid forests; NW,NN(-C) r L. palustris: <1000; L. vernus: <1400; L. karsianus: 2000-2300; grass-marshy; NW.NN rr forests; NN-NE local land etc.; NE(Sarikamis area) I p| 6-7 190 Fabaceae {Lathyrus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Lathyrus) 191 Lathyrus tukhtensis: 700-2000; L. digitatus: <1550; macchie L. cyaneus: 1670-2800; L. brachypterus: 1500- Lathyrus undulatus: <600; L. tuberosus: 1000-2150; L. rotundifolius ssp. miniatus: 1000-2200; scrub, mea- forests, scrub etc., N(-iA),SW ! etc.; oA(W of 34°E),(-C) moist meadows; NE 2500; pastures; iA.SS scrub, forests; NW ! fields etc.;+iA dows; NE-SE Lathyrus boissieri: 1000- L. spathulatus: 400-1250; L. czeczottianus: 1150-2200; scrub, rocky; C(-NN,-EE), L inconspicuus: <1500; L. setifolius: <800; macchie, rocky places etc., oA(N L. sphaericus: <2000; open 2100; steppe; EE,SE forests; SS SW.SS! fields etc.; wdsp.(N rr) rr)_ places; oA(iA)__ 192 Fabaceae (Lathyrus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Lathyrus) 193 Lathyrus cicera: <2000; L. blepharicarpus: 100-600; pastures; scrub, fields etc.; not NE.EE SS.SSE r L. stenophyllus^l 00; macchie, forest margins; SS(-SW) <60 ■■M 6-7 <40 HHH 4-6 «>U k. ^HHHH 4'6 Lathyrus hirsutus: <1000; L. sativus: <1520; fields, L. gorgoni: <1070; fields L. annuus: <1000; scrub, scrub; N Lathyrus chrysanthus: 750-800; fields; SSE also cultivated; not NE etc.; (NW),S fields etc.; W,S L. clymenium: <100; macchie, fields; L. nissolia: <1900; low scrub, stony etc.; wdsp. W(-C) but local 5-7 <8 Lathyrus aphaca: <1900; L. ochrus: <50; semiruderal; Vavilovia formosa: 2100-3530; scree; EE,S fields, scrub; wdsp. NW,NN,WWr <2oo anrTOE 4-6 P/si/m sativum: <1800; macchie, rocky; wdsp. P. fulvum: <1550; rocky; SW,SE r Ononis viscosa: <900; pastures etc.; oA(not NE).SSE(-EE) Ononis natrix: <500; rocky, O. adenotricha: 560-2500; O. pubescens: <700; semi- O. pusilla: <1700; stony coastal sands; SW,SS rocky places; C.SW-SSE ruderal etc.; W,SS,SSE etc.; W.C.SS.SE 194 Fabaceae {Ononis) Dicotyledonae Ononis variegata: maritime sands; O. biflora: <300; semiruderal; SW.SS SS.SSE r O. arvensis: <2300; field margins etc.; N(-EE) Pi <60 ___|5-8 <20 BKm4-6 <30 HBH~4-51 <10p^HH^^H 3-5 Ononis spinosa: <2250; O. reclinata: <750; stony, O. serrata: coastal Trifolium uniflorum: <1000; pastu-pastures etc.; wdsp. coastal sands; W,SS,SSE sands; SW,SS res, macchie etc.; W Trifolium repens: <2700; (moist) pastu- 7. nigrescens ssp. petrisavii: <1750; dry 7. hybridum: <2400; damp res; wdsp. (C rr) lawns, semiruderal etc.; wdsp meadows; wdsp. (C rr) <30p| Dicotyledonae a Fabaceae (Trifolium) 195 Trifolium balansae: <150; 7. boissieri: <650; macchie, 7. spadiceum: 1200-2300; 7. rhytidosemium: 1500-semiruderal; NW.WW rocky; WW.SW-SSE damp meadows; N(-EE) 3200; damp places; N.EE-SE Trifolium campestre: <2200; ruderal; wdsp. 7. patens: <1350; (damp) T. speciosum: < 1100; rocky (C r) meadows; NW,(C,SS) macchie; W,C,SS-SE Trifolium mesogitanum: T. aureum: 500-2165; stony T. dubium: 100-1300; open 7. g lorn erat urn: <200; <600; serpentin slopes; SW etc.; NW,NE,(-EE) places; NW,NN scat. fields, rocky etc.; NW 196 Fabaceae (Trifolium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Trifolium) 197 Trifolium argutum: <1200; fields etc.; WW,S(-EE) <60 _J ^^^■■M 5 <50pB«iL-Ä«|4-9 7. resupinatum: <1500; fields, mea- 7. fragiferum: <2000; damp, salty dows etc.; not SE etc.; NW,W,C,SS,SE inflate inflated calyx in fruitinq flower Trifolium physodes: <1800; pastures etc.; not NE,SE Trifolium bullatum: 400-1100; steppe; (SS-)SSE T. strictum: <250; pastures; NW <20pmm*m7mmm 2-4 T. spumosum: <650; pastures etc.; W,S(not T. tomentosum: <1000; SE) open places; W,S T. pratense: <2300; meadows, T. ochroleucum: 50-2000; cult.; +N,iA (not SSE) grassland; wdsp. local Trifolium stellatum: <900; ruderal, macchie etc.; oA(not NE), P T. pallidum: <350; semiruderal; N,WW T. pannonicum ssp. elongatum: 300-2350; scrub etc.; N,C,EE(-SW,-SS) Trifolium alpestre: 200-2100; pastu- T. trichocephalum: 1670-2600; T. hirtum: <1700; macchie etc.; not res, clearings; NW,NE,C local (moist) meadows; NE-SE NE.SE Trifolium medium: <2000; T. scabrum: <1100; scrub, T. lucanicum: <1600; 7. angustifolium: <700, scrub etc., N(-C) stony; not NE,EE stony; W,SS(-C) open places; oA,SSE 198 Fabaceae (Trifolium) Dicotyledonae Trifolium squamosum: T. echinatum: <1450; <50; moist grassland; NW scrub; W,SS,SSE(-C) Trifolium lappaceum: <450; stony, T. scutatum: <1050; fields scrub etc.; oA.SSE etc.; WW,SS,SSE T. purpureum: <1300; road- T. constantinopolitanum: sides etc.; not NN,NE,EE <700; open places; oA,SSE T. subterraneum: <800; pastures, lawns; oA Dicotyledonae al Fabaceae (Trifolium) 199 Trifolium globosum: T. pauciflorum: <2000; T. pilulare: <1200; grass- Melilotus indica: <1750; <900; pastures etc.; W,SS pastures etc.; W(-C),SS,SSE land etc., W,SS,SSE ruderal; W,SS,SSE(-EE) Melilotus italica: <200(-1850); ruderal; M. messanensis: coastal M. sulcata: <200; ruderal; NW WW,SW,(SE) salt marshes; NW.WW Melilotus neapolitana: M. officinalis: <1750; rude- M. alba: <1760; ruderal; <800; ruderal; W,NN ral; wdsp. . wdsp. but local i ft' Trigonella cretica: <500; ruderal; W(-C) 4-5 <250 ,1 5-9 <15Ö| 6-9 <25 ■ 4-6 200 Fabaceae (Trigonelia) Dicotyledonae Trigonelia gladiata: <800; roadsides, fields etc.; W,SS,C T. corniculata: <150; rude- T. spicata: <1250; scrub, ral; W,NN fields etc.; oA.SSE(-SE) Trigonelia macrorrhyncha: 100-1500; limesto- T. kotschyi: <2000; gardens etc.; T. coerulescens: 300-1300; ne, rocky; C.SS-SE ! Trigonelia halophila: coastal dunes; SS I SS,EE(southern) steppe etc.; (NW-)iA(-S) T. monspeliaca: <1500; stony, sandy Trigonelia astroites: etc.; W,C,SS,SSE <1750; steppe etc., iA.SS Dicotyledonae a Fabaceae (Trigonelia) 201 Trigonelia aurantiaca: <1600; pastures, scrub etc.; WW,SW-SSE,iA T. spruneriana: <1900; T. monantha: 300-1850; rocky, pastures etc.; not NE pastures etc.; iA(-SW.-SS) Trigonelia fischeriana: 600-1900; T. tenuis: 300-1500; stony steppe, T. orthoceras: 1200-1900; pastures steppe etc.; iA(-SW.-SS) C(-NE),SW,SS etc.; iA(eastern,-NE) Trigonelia arenicola: coastal dunes; 7. velutina: 500-1900; steppe Medicago radiata: 400-1850; steppe; SW(Antalya)! etc.; WW,S,iA_ iA(-SW,-SS) a FT a~Z ! a <15p 202 Fabaceae (Medicago) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Medicago) 203 Medicago orbicularis: <900; fields, M. lupulina: <2000; scrub, fields, M. falcata: <2150; macchie, rocky rocky etc.; W(-C),SS-SE meadows etc.; wdsp. etc.; scat. (E rr) Medicago sativa:~<25b0i M. scutellata: <100; fields; M. noeana: 400-1000; forest steppe etc.; C,SS,SSE div., cult.; wdsp. NW.WW.SS Medicago coronata: <1000; M. minima: <1750; dry, M. disciformis: <400; M. polymorpha: <900; stony, dry, open; W,SS-SSE open; wdsp. dry, open; W,SS al fields etc.; not NN,NE,SE Medicago arabica: <850; shady gardens etc. NW,SS(Amanus) M. intertexta: <200; M. rigidula: <1800; pastures, steppe damp soil; NW.WW etc.; wdsp. Pi m 4-6 <30p _ffH_______ 4-5 ! <20 fffl Medicago littoralis: coastal sands; oA M. murex: <400; dry, open places; A?, marina: coastal sands; NW.SW.SS oA Medicago truncatula: <800; rocky, Cytisopsis dorycniifolia: <1700(-2200); mac- Dorycnium rectum: <730; stony; NW.C.SW.SS_chie on chalk and serpentine, tundra; SW,SS damp; NW?,SS 204 Fabaceae (Dorycnium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Fabaceae (Lotus) 205 Dorycnium hirsutum: D. pentaphyllum: <1830; macchie, roadsides etc.; wdsp. D. axilliflorum: 1200-1500; Lotus strictus: 500-1600; L. gebelia: 500-1800; steppe, field margins L. aegaeus: 750-1650; steppe etc.; <900; dry; W,SS stony; SW ! p marshy or saline; ±iA scat, etc.; E C(-EE),S Lotus edulis: <50; open L. halophilus: coastal sands; SW.SS places; W,SS Lotus ornithopodioides: <600; dry, L. corniculatus: <2500; pastures, tundra L. conimbricensis: <50; moist open; NN.W.SS etc.; wdsp^ <30 ■HBMVSVJ14-6 L. cytisoides: coastal; WW,SS r or subsaline; NW.NN.WW Securigera securidaca: <900; Hymenocarpus circinnatus: Tetragonolobus maritimus: (2-)800-1750; scrub etc.; NN,W,SS-SSE <1500; disturbed ground; oA,SSE moist, often saline; scat. (E rr) Tetragonolobus purpureus: <200; fields, macchie; Anthyllis vulneraria: <3200; steppe, tundra, pastures W.SSr etc.; wdsp. and very polymorphic a.b.pl 206 Fabaceae (Anthyllis Dicotyledonae Anthyllis tetraphylla: <600; fields, rocky A. hermanniae: <400; lime- Coronilla orientalis: 100-2750; steppe, (mostly limestone); W,SS,SSE stone phrygana; W tundra etc.; NN,NE,C,SSE,SE <100B^Jl3-5 Coronilla glauca: <300; rocky; SW(Marmaris) rr Coronilla parviflora: <2000; limestone; W,SS [white, pink and yellow forms in Turkey!] C. emerus ssp. emeroides: c. coronata: 700-1000; <1300; scrub etc.; W,SS(-SSE) limestone; NE,SS(-C) C. cretica: <1200; gardens, C. varia: <2150; scrub, <50 IJ^LM 3-7 C. scorpioides: <1000; fields etc.; oA(not NE),C,SSE Dicotyledonae a Fabaceae (Ornithopus) 207 Ornithopus compressus: Scorpiurus muricatus: <300; open ground; oA <800; stony; +oA aB Hippocrepis ciliata: <800; H. unisiliquosa: <900; open ground; W,SS(-C) open ground; NN,W,SS-SE pastures etc.; oA pastures etc.; wdsp. <20(p) Hedysarum spinosissi-mum: <100; stony; SS Hedysarum varium: 300-2100; steppe etc.; not SE H. vanense: 2020-2700; rocky, SE ! <30 $MHRř^S5-7 H. pestalozzae: 900-1500; stony; NE,C(-SW,-SS)! H. hedysaroides: 2300-3100; tun- H. cappadocicum: 800-3500; steppe, tundra; iA ! dra; NE(-EE) 208 Fabaceae {Hedysarum) Dicotyledonae 1 Dicotyledonae m Fabaceae (Onobrychis) 209 Hedysarum elegans: H. erythroleucum: 2500-3500, limestone tundra; (NE-) H. candidissimum: 800-1300-1650; steppe; NE,EE EE,SE! _ 1500; steppe; EE(-SS.-C) !■ Onobrychis caput-galli: <800; O. cornuta: 1200-3100; mountain pastures, tundra; O. galegifolia: <1300; step-open ground; wdsp. not NW,WW [resembling thorny Astragalus sp.] pe; EE,SS-SE Onobrychis aequidentata: <850; garrigue etc.; W.SS-SE a O. argyrea: 550-1500; eroded slopes, O. atropatana: 1000-1500; eroded steppe; iA,SS ! Pi slopes; NE-SE *7 Onobrychis tournefortii: O. armena: 100-2000; 600-1850: steppe; +C ! steppe; not SE ! O. stenostachya: 1300-2475; dry, stony; NE.EE(-C)! P! O. lasiostachya: 300-630; stony; WW.SW <60 ■H___HL_i' 5-8 O. transcaucasica: 1900- O. montana: 900-2800; O. oxydonta: <2000; pastu- O. viciifolia s.lat: <1700, 3050; tundra; NE-SE tundra; not WW.SSE.SE res etc.; oA(-C,-EE),not NE field margins etc.; scat. Onobrychis gracilis: <1500; O. sulphurea: 1100-2050; Ebenus hirsuta: 900-1400, Ebenus boissieri: 1200- steppe; W(-C),SS,SSE steppe; EE(-C),SS,SSE ! limestone; C ! 2000; limestone; SW ! 6-7 210 Fabaceae (Ebenus) Dicotyledonae 2000; stony; C,SS r! serpentine; SW stone; SW! <1200; often saline; iA(-SS) Castanea sativa: <1500; calcifuge; N,W Fagus orientalis: 200-2000; Quercus brantii: 350-1700; forest humid forests; N(-C),SS r steppe; EE.SSE.SE_ Dicotyledonae Fagaceae (Quercus) 211 Quercus aucheri: <400; Q. ilex: <450; macchie etc.; coast from Q. coccifera: <1500; phrygana, macchie; limestone macchie; SW ! Soke (WW) to Samsun (NN) very scat. oA.SSE Quercus infectoria: <1850; Q. frainetto: <1000; Q. petraea: A = ssp. iberica: <1300; forests; N.C(western) macchie, forests; wdsp. forests; NW(-WW) B = ssp. pinnatiloba: 1200-2200; EE.SS.SE 212 Fagaceae (Quercus), Frankeniaceae (Frankenia), Gentianaceae s. latiss. (Blackstonia) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae ^^^J^HBH^^^ ^^SHHM^^ <2^ff^^^^^^ Quercus vulcanica: 1300- Q. pubescens: <1700; dry Q. robur. A = ssp. pedunculiflora: 1200-1800; EE-1800- forests- C SW ! forests; W of 39°E B = ssp. robur: <1000; NW,NN,C,(SS) ♦ 4f 10^m\u£ * <60 ^HZL^^- I 4-8 Blackstonia perfoliata: <900; open places; oA Frankenia hirsuta: <1400; F. pulverulenta: <1000; saline; WW.C(-SW) saline; WW.SW.C Centaurium pulchellum: C. spicatum: <1070; ±sali- C. maritimum: <800; dry <2600; open places; wdsp. ne; W.SS(-iA) scrub etc.; oAscat. a-b| <50 Centaurium erythraea: <2300; scrub etc.; wdsp. Gentianella caucasea: 1700-2600; tundra; (NW),NE_ b| Gentianaceae s. latiss (Gentiana) 213 bi (ssp. Gentiana asclepiadea: 300-2000; Gentiana brachyphylla ssp. fav- Gentianella ciliata ssp. blepharophora: clearings etc.; N.SS(Amanus) ratii: 2500-2800; rocky; SS rr 1200-2440; grassy; NN,NE,EE,SS <25 l JES^H7'8 <18 l^JE^^C i 6-8 .« . J 3-7 <30 ŕV^. y j-t 3-5; <40 1_\ JftH 4-5 <40 Geranium purpureum: G lucidum: < 1700; shady; G. macrorhizum: <150; G columbinum: <800; dry <2200; stony; oA oA shady humid forest; NW rr places; oA Geranium rotundifolium: <1700; stony, rude- G molie: <800; ruderal; gardens etc.; G dissectum: <400; fields ral etc.; oA,C,SSE etc.; oA.SSE(-C) Dicotyledonae a Geraniaceae (Geranium) 217 5-6 <100| Geranium pusillum: 400- G psilostemon: 1400-2400; meadows etc.; NE G asphodeloides: <1800; forests 2100; ruderal etc.; N(-C,-SW) _ etc.; N(-C,-SS) Gert >um sangitineum: i& G tuberosum: <2500; fields, G cineroum sso. subcaulescons: margins etc.; N stony; not extreme E 1100-3000; stony; not SSE.SE Geranium pyrenaicum: Geranium ibericum: 1800-3000; rocky tundra; N(-EE) G kurdicum: 2700-3150; <2400; meadows etc.; wdsp. moist meadows; SE 218 Geraniaceae (Geranium) Dicotyledonae G sylvaticum: <2100; Pelargonium endlicherianum: Globularia trichosantha: 50- G alypum: <50; mac-scrub etc.; N 650-1500; scree; iA.SW.SS 2470; steppe; wdsp. chie; WW r Globularia cordifolia: 1700; limestone; G orientalis: 600-1200; Ribes anatolica: 2170-2500; vulcanic NN rr_ stony steppe; C.SW-SSE rocks; EE.SE (NW-NE of Van Gölü)! Dicotyledonae Grossulariaceae (Ribes), Haloragaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Hippuridaceae, Hypericaceae 219 Ribes uva-crispa: c.1700; Myriophyllum spicatum: M. verticil latum: <1700; Liquidambar orientalis: scrub; NE rr <1900; aquatic; scat. aquatic; SW.C.SE <800; marshy; WW.SW! Hypericum androsaemum: 250-1300; forest H. hircinum: 100-600; shady, damp H. calycinum: <1200; 220 Hypericaceae {Hypericum) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Hypericaceae (Hypericum) 221 <150|___■ 5-7 | <40 ___________ ^Pfli J— 4 <20 _________ ___T>^JM__. ' 6-8 Hypericum xylosteifofium: H, rupestre: c. 150; limestone cliffs; SS (N of H. heterophyllum: 1050-1600; stony <650; rocky; NE Tarsus, very local)! acid); C ! <25 1. -vi 5-8 Hypericum pallens: <1700; limesto- H. russeggeri: <400; limestone ne rocks; SS rocks; SS Hypericum capitatum: H. thymopsis: 980-1500 360-900; steppe; (SS-)SSE gypsum hills etc.; C,EE ! P 6 <20 i 1 jfc 'F _ 5-7 H. ternatum: <1900; vertikal limestone rocks; SW I H. spectabile: 570-1280; road- H. retusum: 360-1150; sides etc.; EE(southern)! steppe; SSE P Hypericum lydium: 400-2700; stony; wdsp. P H. linarioides: 1200-3000; H. hyssopifolium ssp. elonga- H. scabrum: 750-tundra etc.; N,C,EE,SS turn: 900-2900; stony; wdsp. 3200; dry.sunny; ±iA,S " Pi <100 Hypericum hirsutum: c.2000; forests etc.; NE rr Hypericum crenulatum: 2700-3000; rocky; SS ! H. pruinatum: 1870-2600; igneous slopes; NE H. confertum: 600-1930; forests, rocky; ±NW,SW,C H. empetrifolium: <800; limestone macchie etc.; W <75 _J 7-8 H. venustum: 1100-2850; marshy.; N.iA.SS H. armenum: 2190-3200; tundra; EE.SE 222 Hypericaceae (Hypericum) Dicotyledonae El Hypericum atomarium: 60-1000; stony; H. montanum: c.200; rocky, shady; NE r W <80 4-8 H. lanuginosum: <2000; limestone; SW.SS <80 Hypericum perfoliatum <880; moist or shady; W Hypericum olympicum: 1000; rocky(acid); W,SS H. cerastioides: <1500; siliceous stony places; NW H. montbretii: <1750; mesophytic; oA,(C) H. bithynicum: 120-2700; H. orientate: <2300; igneous stony slopes, open wood-damp scrub; N land; N,C Dicotyledonae Hypericaceae (Hypericum), Juglandaceae (Juglans), Lamiaceae (Ajuga) 223 P Hypericum aviculariifolium: <2400; H. origanifolium: <2400; steppe etc.; H. tetrapterum: <900; moist; dry places, W,C,SS ! NW,NN,C,SS N,(C,SW,SS) Pi □ P j . - \ . \£ I ■ i ! ! ■ Hypericum perforatum: H, triquetrifolium: <1250; roadsides, fields etc.; not <2500; sunny places; wdsp. NN,NE Juglans regia: <1550; river Ajuga orientalis: <3130; A. reptans: <1500 valleys; wdsp. pastures etc.; not SSE forests etc.; N H. salsugineum: c.900; moist salt steppe; C r! Ajuga genevensis: <500; +mesophytic; NW(Eu),NE Pi 224 Lamiaceae (Ajuga) Dicotyledonae pjcotyledonae Lamiaceae (Teucrium) 225 5-8 ] <10 5-7 Ajuga bombycina: <1350; A. chamaepitys: A = ssp. ctiia: <2000; steppe etc.; wdsp A. salicifolia: <1850; dry, limestone; SW,SS(-C) ! B = ssp. glareosa: 1600-2650; scree etc.; NW.SS ! open; ±iA (not SE) Teucrium parviflorum: T. pruinosum: 500-1600; 7. f/awy/n ssp. hellenicum: T. brevifolium: <50; lime-650-1950; fields, ruderal; iA steppe etc.; ±C,SSE <700; macchie; NW,WW stone; SW Pi ■ <30 mm Ajuga vestita: 900-1200; limestone A. laxmannii: <600; forest Teucrium sandrasicum: <1800; stony places rocks; SSE (Mardin) ! margins etc.; NW on serpentine; SW ! Teucrium alyssifolium: c.1600; serpentine rocks; SW ! T. multicaule: 500-1600; T. Orientale: 300-3000; steppe; iA(eastern) steppe; ±iA <60 [ W____ , 4-6 <50 I_____ _____J 6-9 <5 |_______B^^B 6"7 Teucrium divaricatum: T. chamaedrys: <2600; stony, sunny; 7. montanum: <2500; limestone; NN,W,SS <700; macchie; W,SS wdsp. Teucrium polium: <2050; dry.sunny; wdsp. T. scordium: <2350; Lavandula stoechas: Rosmarinus officinalis: moist; not SSE <700; acid macchie; W,SS <250; macchie; NW.SS PL WrsF 226 Lamiaceae (Prasium) Dicotyledonae <60 BanKJal 3-5 Prasium majus: <150; Scutellaria galericulata: macchie; WW,SW,SS S. hastifolia: <100; <2000; marshy; N(-iA),WW marshy; NW(-WW) <90 |bV BMffi 7-8 S. altissima: c. 800; forest borders; NN rr ^ 9 5«' ft. <40 11 ■■■■5-8 <50 L ^r3»TflS5-8 <50SHLj»?i!iM5-7 <15 ■.;_•__'H 7-8 Scutellaria albida: <2100; S. rubicunda: <1750; S. megalaspis: 540-1650; S. pontica: 1800-2700; forest borders etc.; W,N,C,E rocky; NW,NN,C,SW,SS limestone etc.; EE.SW-SSE tundra; NE Scutellaria orientalis: 450-3350; steppe, tundra; wdsp. and very polymorphic S. salviifolia: 400-1900; A = ssp. pinnatifida B = ssp. macrostegia C = ssp. santolinoides stony; NN(-NE),iA,SW,SSJ^ ":pJ Dicotyledonae p| Lamiaceae (Melittis) 227 Melittis melissophyllum: Eremostachys moluccel- Eremostachys laciniata: Phlomis tuberosa: 1400-<300; forest margins; NW r loides: <2130; steppe; iA <2200; steppe etc.; E,SS 2300; steppe; NE-SE(-C) P Phlomis pungens: 250- P. samia: 400-1750; forest P. r/g/cfa; 300-2000; steppe, clearings in Pinus forests 2400; steppe; wdsp. margins; WW,SW,SS etc.; iA,SS Phlomis fruticosa: <1000; limestone, rocky pastures; WW,SWr P. grandi flora: <1575; rocky; SW.SS ! P. lunariifolia: <640; limestone, rocky; SS 6-8 228 Lamiaceae (Phlomis) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Lamiaceae (Phlomis) 229 >-9 I <150|_ _ Phlomis russeliana: 300- P. leucophracta: <1100; rocky, Pinus forests etc.; SŠ ! P. longifolia: <1050; lime-1700; clearings; N(-C)! stone, rocky; SS(Hatay) -8 <60 ;Gl^9CHJ 6-8 <30 Phlomis lycica: <900; scrub, cliffs etc.; P. armeniaca: 800-2300; step- P. sieheana: 870-2300; steppe; SW! pa; wdsp. (mainly iA)! C(-EE)! Phlomis carica: 600-1400; P. linearis: 1350-2400; P. kurdica: 340-2200; step- P. lanceolata: 900-2200; steppe; SW I steppe; iA(not SSE.SE)! pe; EE.SSE steppe; SE Phlomis brugueri: 400-1500; steppe; SSE(-SE) JĚk <100|| P. nissolii: <1550; limesto- P. syriaca: 130-1580; step- Lamium cariense: 500-ne steppe; WW,SW,SS,C ! pe; SS.SSE 1750; limestone; W r-8 >mW'^ 7-8 L. tenuifolium: <1700; dry, open; not WW.SE L. meletonis: 2100-3200; grassy tundra; SE Linum strictum: <900; rocky, fields etc.; W,S Linum hirsutum: 100-2300; steppe; W of 37°E P_^^^^sfypseudoanatolicum ^^^■■■■Ts" -10 L. atropurpurea: <1000; dry, open; W.SS.C r jrT"l W _ MUPBHJUH^Vli D ■■■■ ^ 9 l " mhhbmhbh^^bmhbhvm*w — Samolus valerandi: Anagallis arvensis: <2440; fields etc.; oA(iA) Cytfnus hypocistis: <450; macchie, para-<900; wet;+oA A = var. arvensis B = var. caerulea sitic on C/sfc/s sp.; NN,W,SS Anagallis foemina: <1250; Pun/ca granatum: <600; scrub, cult.; oA.SSE dry, open; scat. _ Eranthis hyemalis: 1300-1900; snowbeds etc.; (NW-)EE,SW-SE Helleborus orientalis <2200; forests etc.; N -5 <50 5-7 <25 ' H. vesicarius: 550-1300; Nigella damascena: <100; N. segetalis: <1600; open pastures, scrub; SS.SSE ! open places; NW ground; iA Nigella elata: <1100; open places; W N. oxypetala: 900-1200; stony, dis- N. arvensis: <1700; open ground; iA, turbed ground; EE,SSE SW-SSE (W of 40°E ) Caltha polypetala: 2000- Actaea spicata: 1700-2100; forests; Aconitum orientate: A. anthora: 2000-3000; moist; NE-SE NW.NE 1650-2200; scrub; NE 2700; grassland; NE r 278 Ranunculaceae (Delphinium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae <100 ^■HMMR 7-8 { <180| Delphinium buschianum: D. formosum: 1500-2700; D. linearilobum: 2100-2000-2200; forests etc.; N E mesophytic; NE(-EE)! 2750; grassy; NE-SE D. macrostachyum: 1200-1600; stony; SSE-SE Ranunculaceae (Consolida) 279 ______________„ <35 % 7 Consolida aconiti (e): Consolida corollas (upper C. hohenackeri (f): 900- C. pers/ca (b): 800-1000-<1100^teppe; NW,C ! petals, containing the spur) 1600; eroded slopes etc.; NE semidesertic; NE(lgdir) <1¥RHH ■■■■■7-8 <60 !■■■■ 7 <60 ■■■^■■7-8 Delphinium schmalhausenii: 2100- D. cyphoplectrum: 1900-2900; dry, stony; NE- D. carduchorum: 2250-2300; grassland; NE SE 2850; moist, rocky; SE I Delphinium ilgazense: D. albiflorum: 1800-2100; D. peregrinum: <1300; dry, open; W,C,(-EE),SW-SSE 1700-2200; stony; NN r! rocky; iA(northern) - "7 <35 ..-WHl 6-8 <40 _ Consolida scleroclada (6): 200- C. ravey/; 600-1600; C. hellespontica (c): <1100; C. rega//s (a) <1000 fields 1700; steppe; C,EE,SS,SSE steppe; C(-SW)! steppe; (WW-)C(-EE),SSE etc.; wdsp. but rr E of 36°E Consolida orientalis: Clematis flammula: <900; Clematis vitalba: < 1500; Clematis orientalis: <1900; fields; +iA a macchie; W,SS forests; oA I <2000; scrub; C,NN,NE-SE I 280 Ranunculaceae (Clematis) Dicotyledonae pjcotyledonae Ranunculaceae (Adonis) 281 <2m KJHflH^V 6"7 I ."-'^6-r Reseda inodora: 400- /?• /utea; <2000; ruderal; R tomentosa: c. 1400; /?. luteola: 800-1500; rude-1500; stony; NW,C wdsp. gypsum steppe; EE local ! ral; scat, (not E) Franguia alnus: <1800; scrub, forests; wdsp. Paliurus spina-cristi: <1400; Rhamnus catharticus: (not WW.SSE) scrub, destroyed forests etc.; wdsp. 400-1200; scrub; NN-NE <2m\^. ______3-5 <1i ___________ Rhamnus pyrellus: <1600; R. oleoides ssp. graecus: R. plchlerl: 800-1600; rocky; SW! <1200; (C),SW-SSE rocky; SW,C! Rhamnus thymifolius: 100- R. orbiculatus: 1600- Spiraea hypericifolia: Aruncus vulgaris: <2000; 2100; rocky; NW.SW.C ! 2700; stony scrub; SE.SS 1050-2000; scrub; NE.EE moist forests; NE R. kurdicus: c. 1800, rocky; SE(Van Gölü) rr -J 290 Rosaceae (Padus) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae < A Rosaceae (Cerasus) 291 ..... ______ ,<10m||F^r' I . t&QkĚĚr^JL Iiimm^Ěr Padus avium: 1800-2300; Laurocerasus officinalis: <2000; Prunus divaricata: <2450; rocky; wdsp. moist; NE,EE humid forests; N,SS(Amanus) s-t <1,5mggQ^mm^4~ <2,5mB HF3^" <4m 4 Cerasus incana: 350-2400; Amygdalus lycoides: 600- A arabica: 600-1200; dry, A fenzliana: 70Ö-180Ö; rocky; ±C I 1100; limestone; SSE(-EE) stony; SSE-SE dry, rocky; NE-SE s-t Prunus spinosa ssp. dasyphylla: <1700; scrub; oA,C Cerasc/s angustifolia: 760- C. prostrata: 940-2400; 1650; dry, stony; NE.EE <10m' ■tfk Prunus x domestica: <1900; wood- Cerasus mahaleb: 50-1850; scrub, land, native, nat, cult.; wdsp. rocky etc.; wdsp. C. microcarpa: <1800; rocky; EE.SE.SSE [fruits yellow, orange, red or black <3mHHHHH[ BR4-5 Amygdalus trichamygdalus: 1000-2500; open wood- Amygdalus orientalis: 600 land, scrub; EE,SE ! Amygdalus graeca: <500; A webbii: <1100; macchie A communis: <1800; nati-limestone rocks; W,(C) etc.; W,NN,(-C) ve and cult.; wdsp. -1500; rocky; C,EE,S Filipendula ulmaria: 1400-2285; moist; N,EE,SE,(C) 292 Rosaceae (Filipendula) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Rosaceae (Potentilla) 293 '<80* K 5-7 i <20 1__ | ö <1UUT8 ■ o-' I <40 ■■■■■■I 5-8 Filipendula vulgaris: <1950; Rubus saxatilis: 1430- R. idaeus: 900-2200; forest R. caesius: 800-2000; near dry meadows; N,EE,SE,(C,SS) 2130; scree etc.; NE r clearings; N streams; not WW.SW <150|_____. A....» <40 - fi Potentilla palustris: 1600-2400; P. anserina: 1500- P. rupestris: 1200-2600; P. argenfeaMIOO^OO wet, shallow water; NE,EE 2400; moist; very scat, stony; W(-C),NE dry; N J 5-8 Rubus caucasicus agg.: c.500; forest margins; NE Rubus sanctus agg. <1250; scrub; wdsp. R. discolor agg.: <1400; forests, R. canescens: <2150; scrub; not scrub etc.; N,WW,SS(Amanus) SSE.SE R. tereticaulis: <1000; Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floh- P. bifurca: 1330-2800; forests; NW bunda: 2100-2300; rocky; NE open; E.SS Potentilla calabra: c.1000; P. inclinata: <2300; meso- P. detommasii: <500; dry; W.NN phytic; scat. forest margins; NW Potentilla argaea: 1250- P. kotschyana: <2100; p tauricola: 1500-2000 4250; stony; WW.C.EE.SE stony; NE,WW,C,SW,SS rockv; SS " p! P. recto: <2300; wet to dry; wdsp. P. anatolica: 1900-3000; damp tundra; E I 294 Rosaceae (Potentate) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Rosaceae (Potentate) 295 - •** "TV, to Potentate umbrosa: 1800- P. pulvinaris: 2000 2000; damp; NN.NE r 3650, rocky; SS ! P P. aladaghensis: c.3600; limestone; SS(Ala D.) ! _] 300 Rosaceae (Crataegus) t Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae t Rosaceae (Pyrus), Rubiaceae (Putoria) 301 s-tl <8m L^^HlKBt^J4"6 i <10mL. ___ Crataegus aronia: <1600; C. monogyna: <2000; hedges, pastures etc.; not NE scrub; (C,EE),S c. curvisepala: <18CC; .^^C^^"°^cky: P' oíi/^r^^^^Sftw^íi) P^amygdalifbiwls: <1500; rrTaSchle,' forests; +N,iA SE(Hakkari)! forests; W <20m Sorbus aucuparia: 1500-2500; woodland; Malus sylvestris ssp. open woodland; not C t t^l- má n híí A ./I r? f ' < _ , <25m__......._. _ S. domestical 500-1000; hill- S. torminalis: <1800; S. umbellata: 400-2600; N sides, cult.; NW,NN(-C),SS forests; wdsp. rocky slopes etc.; wdsp. orientalis: <2000; Pyrus eleagnifolia: <1850; forests, P. syriaca: 500-2000; dry slopes scrub; wdsp. etc.; NN,(C),EE,SSE,SE t Amelanchier rotundifolia: A. parviflora: 900-1500; 400-2000; rocky; oA,C,EE stony; WW.SW(-C)! Crucianella gilanica: C. macrostachya: <1500; <2500; stony; NN,E dry, open; (EE-)SW-SSE Putoria catabrica: <2000; Sherardia arvensis: <1500; rocky; C,SW,SS fields etc.; not C,EE,SSE C. bithynica: <1250, dry, C. latifolia: <1300; dry; oA(-C), not NE a open; NW,WW,C a 302 Rubiaceae (Asperula) Dicotyledonae <30 IHDMR916-81 <3° —________________ Asperula laxiflora: 1300- A. glomerata: 400-2900; stony; ±iA 3900; stony; (C-)NE-SE P 8 <10 EQW»>. - A. n/tida; 940-2500; limestone rocks; W,NN,C I lit' 'Will-' ' _li I' II <1Q lllll IM1IIII1IIIIIIII6- mmwm__n i..... 5;7 Asperula lilaciflora: 200-1400; step- A pontfca; 1500-2650; tundra; NE A. capitellata: 2150-2800; tundra; C! pe; WW,C,SW,SS Asperula affinis: 2100-2900; lime- A, bornmuelleri: 700-1500; stone screes and rocks; NE limestone or gypsum steppe; C ! A. stricta: 50-2600; stony; iA,S(not SE) Dicotyledonae P Rubiaceae (Asperula) 303 <60pt J5J__pl____J-i^_^___Vr ' 6-7 __ Asperula rumelica: <1500; A. littoralis: coastal sands; A. pestalozzae: 300-2300; A. taurina: 150-2100 dry, stony; NW.WW NW, SW! P humid forests; N al Asperula involucrata: A. xylorrhiza: 900-2000; A. gracilis: 2500-3000, <2000; humid forests; N(-C) EE.SS-SE scree; NE Asperula orientalis: 500- Galium rotundifolium: 500- G boreale: 1970-2450; 2000; steppe; E.SS 2000; forests; N,SW,SS grassland; NE <30 A. arvensis: <1900; dry, open; not SE G. odoratum: 600-2400; forests; N(-C),SS(Amanus) _PJ <65 304 Rubiaceae {Galium) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Rubiaceae (Galium) 305 <30 Galium uliginosum c.2200; wet; NE <30 G palustre: <1550; wet; N(-C) G. humifusum: 600-2050; +mesophytic; E,SS Galium spurium: 250- G aparine: <1800; fields; G tricornutum: <1800; G floribundum: <1600; scree, open ' 2300; ruderal; wdsp. oA(-i'A),SSE open, dry; wdsp. ground; W,C V Galium verum: <2400; div wdsp. Galium olympicum: 2300 2500; stony; NW(Uludag)! _ .--8! <100B«B1»6.8 G margaceum: 1150-2500; G subuliferum: 200-2000; G paschale: 70-2700; dry, rocky; NE ! dry, rocky; N,C,SW-SS forests; N,(C,SE),SW-SS G incanum: 900-2900; wdsp. A = ssp. elatius: wdsp. Galium canum: ^ 900j B= ssp. pseudocornigerum: 2000-3000; C,EE,SS ' limestone cliffs; +SW-SSE Ga//wn setaceum: <1200, Q adhaerens: 300-1300; G bracteatum: 1150-1600; G brevifolium: <1500 dry, open; NN,W,S(-C) open ground; SW.SS! stony; C.SS.SE rocky; W Callipeltis cucullaria: 300- Cruciata laevipes: <2750; Cruciata taurica: 300- Cruciata articulata: 360- 2000; steppe; wdsp. pastures etc.; N 3300; rocky, steppe; wdsp. 1400; open ground; iA(-oA) 306 Rubiaceae (Cruciata), Rutaceae (Ruta) Dicotyledonae a*55 . ssp. brachypoda <45 fli^^Hn 6-7 Cruciata pedemontana: Valantia muralis: <200; V. hispida: <1600; dry. <1900; ±open; W,C(-EE),SS walls etc.; NW.WW__rocky; W.SS.SSE <200(c)mn 4-5 Rub/a tenuifolia: <1500; scrub; W,S(-C) R. tinctorum: <2000; scrub; wdsp. R. davisiana: 1025-1200; scrub; SW ! Rub/a peregrina: <150; macchie; NW.NN Rura montana: <400; stony R. chalepensis: <300; lime- Haplophyllum buxbaumii: <1400; stony, dry, sunny; pastures; NW,NN,W stone, dry; NN.NE.SW.SS W(-C),SS,f" Dicotyledonae Rutaceae (Haplophyllum), Salicaceae (Populus) 307 <30 I_^_">^M!LÍ 5"7 Haplophyllum suaveolens: H. telephioides: 1400-800-2100; rocky; NW,SW,SS 2000; steppe; C ! t H. thesioides: 300-1400; H. myrtifolium: 750-2150; steppe; C(-NN,-NE) rocky; C,EE,SW,SS Dictamnus albus: 300-900, Populus euphratica: <1650; river banks; P. tremula: <2800 forests wdsp forest edges etc.; N.SW.SS SS,SE Populus alba: <1100; P. nigra: <1400; rivers, planted (var. Salix alba: <2000; S. triandra: 100-1950; riversides; W,C(-EE),SS pyramidalis), NW,C,EE,SW,SS rivers, lakes; wdsp. rivers, marshes; wdsp. 308 Salicaceae (Salix) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Salicaceae (Salix), Santalaceae (Thesium) 309 Salix aTm^phylla^O^^oTrWer S. caprea: <2250; streamsides, forest S. cinerea: <900; marshes; NW,(C) banks; SS-SE_ edges etc.; N.EE.SE t^^"*m — s,ti <20m> JPEŠl <6mH ■^■MHOHDMBHI 3-4 <16mHKM^^^^HlHI 3 Salix fragilis- 900-1600- S. pseudomedemii: 400-2350; streamsides, S. eleagnos: 400-1900; river beds; rivers, also planted; N,EE marshy; ±E of 36°E NW.NN (to 36°E) Salix apoda: c.2300; wet S. armenorossica: 1400- S. elbursensis: 1200-1950; S. wilhelmsiana: 1500-tundra; NE(Karagöl D.) r 2500; streamsides; NE.EE rivers; NE-SE 1900; rivers; NE,SE_ s.tij frf&H 5-6 <5m 1 IMJmWi4-5 <6° mWkJ&Ll J 6 Salix myrsinifolia: c. 1750; S. pentandra: 800-1300; S. amplexicaulis: 850-1450; Thesium stellerioides: river banks; NN(llgaz D.) rr wet; NW,WW,SS rr riverbeds etc.; NW.NN.C c.1350; gypsum; C.EE local ! Thesium cilicicum: 1670- T. aureum: 1500-1830; stony; EE(Erzincan, Elazig) local ! T. bergeri: <1800; 3140; limestone; SW.SS(-C)! rocky etc.; W,SS,C Thesium humile: <100; T. arvense: <2200; open T. divaricatum: 150-1270; T. alpinum: 1800-2300; open ground; WW rr ground; not WW,SW,SSE dry; NW,NN(-C),WW tundra- NE 310 Santalaceae (Thesium), Saxifragaceae (Saxifraga) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae <80 [_ _HI_IH8__fl 7 i >lvKvn Thesium linophyllon: T. procumbens: 1100- c.1950; tundra; NW(Uludag) 3300; stony; wdsp. 7. impressum: 1000-3000; rocky, open; EE,SSE,SE <30 ^_jVf \T7 4-7 I <60 Thesium billardieri: 600- 7. macranthum: 400(-2600; stony; iA.S 800?); stony; SSE Saxifraga paniculata: S. sempervivum: 2000-2400; 200-3400; rocks; N limestone; NW(Uludag) Comandra umbel lata ssp. elegans: <450; scrub; NW S. luteoviridis: 1830-3200; rocks; SW.NE rr Osyris alba: <500; macchie, stony; oA(not NE) S. juniperifolia: 2700-3300; , rocks; NE Saxifragaceae (Saxifraga), Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) 311 Pj ------------ . ___ _,-"8 <8 "^2 Mft 6-8 <20 - Saxifraga kotschyi: 1300-3650; S. mosc/iate: 1950-4000; S. exarata: 1600-3900; S. sibir!ca^5^50? limestone; not NW.WW.SSE shady rocks; NN.NE rocks; N.C.SW shady rocks- scat 4-8 <10 S. tridactylites: <2300; disturbed; not NE,SE,SSE S. hederacea: <2140; damp, shady; W.SS.SSE S. adscendens ssp. adscen dens: 2000-2700; tundra; N.SS Verbascum natolicum: 1100- M pyroliforme: c. 1700; eroded slopes; ±iA I 1000; salt marshes; C _____________ 3-9 S. rotundifolia: 60- S. cymbalaria: <2300; 2400; damp, shady; N damp, shady; oA,(C,EE) V. oreophilum: 900-2700; stony; E.SS 312 Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Verbascum bornmuellerianum: V. bugulifolium: <450; 1200-1600; grassy; SE scrub, forests; NW(Eu) V. agrimoniifolium: 550-1700; moist; EE,SSE,SE 5-7 I V. blattaria: <1330; ruderal; +oA Verbascum Orientale: V. levanticum: <630; rude- V. phoeniceum: 250-2750; <1050; pastures etc.; wdsp. ral, rocks; SW(-SS) pastures etc.; (NW),E(-C) Verbascum xanthophoeniceum: V. helianthemoides: 960-1200; salt step- V. wiedemannianum: 400-<1800; macchie etc.; NW.SS _ pe; C(Nigde, Kayseri)! 1500; steppe; C,EE(-NN,-NE)! b Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) 313 _J <100| ißA 5 Verbascum laetum: 400- V. pyramidatum: <2300; V. chrysolrhJcos'; .OO^-öOO7 1000; semiruderal; SSE.SE scrub etc.; NN(-C) limestone; SW(Honaz D.)! b ■f||5-6 < 100^5-6 V. ovalifolium: <520; dry slopes; NW b V. saccatum: 900-2200; steppe; (NE-)EE.SE V. georgicum: 200-1950; open, stony; N(-C) ___________ -7 <150j^lig_>J^(^p6-9 V. purpureum: <500; V. lagurus: <1300; semiru- V. phlomoides: <480; sandy; NW(Eu) deral, stony etc.; NW(-C) semiruderal; NW.NE ' V. bombyciferum: <540; dry, open; NW V. subserratum: 1000-1500; roadsides, J_. dag)! fallow fields; C(Kayseri, Cankiri)! 314 Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) Dicotyledonae Picotyledonae Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) 315 Verbascum macrurum: c.600?; dry; NW(Eu) r V. armenum: 1600-2600 stony; N,C,EE I V. densiflorum: <700; semiruderal; NW(Eu) V. thapsus: 350-1100; forest margins etc.; NN.NE F b Verbascum prusianum: 780-1300; scrub etc.; NW(Bursa) r! V. racemiferum: c.800; rocky; SSE(Mardin)! Verbascum cariense: <1900; rocky; SW ! V. nudatum: 50-1250; stony scrub or forest; SW ! bBiVajBHjF b V. pellitum: 110-420; rocky; SS(Anamur-Alanya)! V. napifolium. 400-1030; dry, stony; WW.SW ! V. pinardii: <1300; limestone rocks; SW! V. parviflorum: <1340; scrub, semiruderal; W(-C)! Verbascum szovitsianum: V. tripofitanum: <650; sem- V. sinuatum: <1100; roadsides, coastal sands semirude-1600-1860; steppe; NE-SE miruderal; SS(Hatay) ral etc.; W,S(-C) V. lydium: <1400; semiru deral; W! V. bithynicum: <1400; semiruderal; NW(-NN)! V. trichostylum: 1560-2000, semiruderal; EE(Erzincan)! V. aschersonii: <540; dry; NW ! V. varíans: 100-2450; step- V. cappadocicum: 1000- pe, stony etc.; ±C,NE,EE 2570; semiruderal; C ! V. gnaphalodes: <2500; V. degenii: coastal sands; div.; N,WW NW 316 Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum) 317 Verbascum olympicum: 300-1800; div.; NW(Uludag) V. leianthum: <1140; roadsides, macchie, limestone slopes etc.; SW.SS ! <230L :J WW—Ml I In I 16-9 V. calvum: 1100-1830; steppe, pastures etc.; EE.SE I Verbascum glomeratum: V. kotschyi: 270-1310; V. tossiense: 80-1700; step-<1800; semiruderal; not E steppe etc.; SSE.SE(-EE) pe etc.; C(-NW,-NN,-SS)! -7 m|5-10 V. splendidum: 110-2570; s^r^^c^f^^w^w^)! _, 5-7 <1001 ^^HHH 5-6 <200 )KH 6"9 Verbascum geminiflorum: V. urceolatum: 1050-1750; V. vulcanicum: 800-1250; V. mucronatum: <1250; 300-700; semiruderal; SSE pastures etc.; EE(-C) I steppe; C ! semiruderal; W,C,EE(-NN) Verbascum pycnostachyum: 370-2000; steppe etc.; W,SS,C ! raB2 V. bellum: 1000-1800; limestone; SW V. uschakense: 850-1600; steppe etc.; C ! 500; dry; NW(Eu) meadows etc.; NW,NE,EE V. davisii: 2700-3200; V. gentianoides: 1000-snowbeds; SE r 3600; tundra etc.; N,iA 324 Scrophulariaceae (Veronica Dicotyledonae Dicotyledonae a" Scrophulariaceae (Veronica) 325 Veronica serpyllifolia: V. bozakmanii: 700-2500; V. syriaca: <1200; dry, open; <2200; moist; N,(C) damp, wet; wdsp. WW,SW-SSE <10 ■tl]3-5 V. debilis: <1150; dry, open; SS.SSE <-iiD ■;. •__m j-d «^io pi_, >sju w _.___Mi 4-6 <12 iHkH^vQ^_ 4-5 Veronica arvensis: <1700; W verna: 300-2100; dry, V: dillenii: 500-1900; dry, V. praecox: 900-1600; dry, dry, open; oA,C open; not SE open; N,(W,C,) open; C(-SS,-NE) Veronica grisebachii: 700-1600; dis- V. campylopoda: 900-2100; distur- V. triphyllos: 100-2000; dry, open; turbed steppe etc.; W,C,SS _ bed steppe; iA(-SW,-SS) - a not EE,SE Veronica polita: <1800; fields, rude- V. persica: <700; ruderal ral etc.; wdsp. fields etc.; N,(SW,SSE) V. filiformis: <2200; damp meadows, forests etc.; N Veronica cymbalaria: <1200; walls, stony, rocky; oA.SSE wdsp. Veronica anagallis-aquatica: <2350; wet, V. anagalloides: <1050; wet; semiaquatic; wdsp. NW,SW,SS,C V. hederifolia: <2000; fields, open places; V. triloba: <1900; stony fields etc.; oA(-C),SSE V. oxycarpa: 1200-3000; shallow water; not VVW.SW 326 Scrophulariaceae (Veronica) Dicotyledonae • <--*--> BI; íaJ^H HM' - s Jk 1 V \ /» N i ^*í_____^- '.'•;>-'# \ <4C^_H___| <2ÔpT____!!Js^í^5^Ô "<3Ô Li^K4__l{S ' :___i ■ 4-7 B-JL ... tu Dicotyledonae ss wet; very scat. (mostly runnig) water; wdsp. dows etc.; NW,NN(-C) dry grassland etc.; W(-C) Veronica liwanensis: 300-2440; V. oltensis: 1200-2100; rocky; NE (upper rocky forests, tundra; NE Veronica microcarpa: 1000 2500; dry, stony; (NE-)SE Coruh and Oltu valleys)! V. caespitosa: 2000-3100; tundra; N,C,(EE),SW,SS ___j 7 Thymelaea passerina: Tilia argentea: <1500; 7. platyphyllos: 1000-1500; T. rubra ssp. caucasica: <2000; disturbed; not SSE forests; NW,NN,WW,(SS) forests; NW,NE,SW r 300-1500; forests; N,WW <200pgf^_Hm 8 <20mppj£fgg£g[ 3-4 Trapa natans: <100; shal- Ce/f/s australis: - „ <10„ ;s 1700; I. purpureobracteata: I. sari: 900-2700; steppe; /. caucasica: 1200-3500; rmn/sasumsn/ap-qnn rv iim_ctr,r,o ™™ - 1 <1600; rocky; W(-C)! C.EE.SSE I steppe; C.NE-SE # SS^W^^f^, P wT^^01 ^ ^ °'pes'a/ozzae; 9°-200: -i-*.-,' ,_ ..... __r ■—--_, wooaiana, _vv(AKseki area) ! ^____chie etc.; not NN.NE pastures; NW ' Pj_ _____________ pi <11 Irispersica: 500-1650; stony pastures; EE.SS-SE Irishistrio: 500-1150; stony steppe; SS.SSE P /. stenophylla: 400-2000; rocky pastures, macchie etc.; C,SW,SS ! Gynandiris sisyrhynchium: Crocus abantensis: 1100-<1400; macchie etc., W.SS-SE 1600; grassland; NW ! Crocusspeciosus: 800-2350; meadows, forests; N,C C. pulchellus: 100-15oTmaTc7!eTe^cTfo^ 1-&*>J NW Crocus biflorus: <3000; tundra, snowbeds etc.; wdsp. [highly polymorphic with 10 vicariating subpecies] A = ssp. nub,gena: NW-SW B = ssp. pulchricolor. NW(-C) C = ssp. isauricus. SW-SS 9-11 348 Iridaceae (Crocus) Monocotyledonae Monocotyledonae Iridaceae (Gladiolus), Liliaceae (Asparagus) 349 P A. affine: 500-2000; stony; A, akaka: 1650-3400; EE.SS.SE rocky, scree; EE.SE p_r <90 - WwL___. 5-7 Allium sphaerocephalon: <1550; stony; W,SS A. stearnianum: 1600- A. scorodaprasum ssp. rotundum: 3000; stony; (C),SE ! <1900; steppe etc.; wdsp. Allium amethystinum: A. guttatum: 25-2400; cliffs, A.junceum: <1000; A. vineale: <2650; meadows, <1600; stony; W screes; not NN.NE.SSE rocky; SW,SS marshes etc.; NW.iA <100HHHB4-51 <60HUDH6-7 Allium nigrum: <950; A. cardiostemon: 900-2800; A. decipiens: 770-2450; field margins etc.; W,SS rocky pastures etc.; NE-SE grassy; NN,NE(-C,-EE) <50 I___^IJJhMäá4-5 A. orientate: 600-1870; stony; C.SW-SSE Allium kharputense: 900-2000, stony etc.; +EE.SSE.SE Nectaroscordum siculum: <350; damp forests, fields; NW Urginea maritima: <300; pastures etc.; SW.SS 356 Liliaceae (Scilla) Monocotyledonae Monocotyledonae <25 JT^JMZ-'.i'2-6; <30 Soil la bifolia: 80-2400; damp S. bithynica: <50; damp, S. armena: 1000-2500; S. ingridae: 460-2800; forests, snowbeds; oA,C wet; NW,NN snowbeds; NE.EE snowbeds; SS(-SSE) Scilla monanthos: 1800- S. rosenii: 1800-2450; meadows; NE 2200; tundra; NE S. autumnalis: <1760; dry, sunny; oA Puschkinia scilloides: 1700- Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum: O. sorgerae: <900; 3500; snowbeds; EE.SE <1800; grassy; not EE.SE.SSE stony etc.; SW,(SS?) O. ponticum: 400-1600; stony; NE,EE Liliaceae (Ornithogalum) 357 Ornithogalum arcuatum: 1750- O. nutans: <1950; 2960, stony; EE,SE,SS grassy; W,SS,C O. cydni: c.1400; open woodland; SS ! O. oligophyllum: 700-3000; damp tundra etc.; wdsp. Ornithogalum comosum: <2500; O. nivale: 1500-2000; near melting O. armeniacum: <2750; dry grass-stony; W(-C) snow; WW(Boz D.), elswhere? land; W,NN,CSS Ornithogalum sibthorpii: sunny places, pastures; N(-C) O. fimbriatum: <700; dry grassland; NW.NN.WW [exact distsribution unclear, frequent in Istanbul] 358 Liliaceae (Ornithogalum) Monocotyledons 2 mm Liliaceae (Muscari) 359 I I <2o ■___________■ 3-51 ra; <2000; forests; not SE Epipactis helleborine: <1800; woodland; wdsp. <50 5- <60 Epipactis palustris: Listera cordata: 1600-2200; L. ovata: 50-1700; <2000; bogs; N,E local mossy forests; NN.NE r damp; N,(C,SW,SS) P. bifolia: <2000; Limodorum abortivum: Goodyera repens: 1300-1850; ±forests; oA 150-2300; forests; wdsp. mossy forests; NN.NE Platanthera chlorantha: <2200; +forests; wdsp. Spiranthes spiralis: <500; pastures, dry forests; oA scat. <25 Coeloglossum viride: Gymnadenia conopsea: Neottia nidus-avis: 250- Ophrys bucephala: 600-2900; grassy; N,(SE) 1000-2800; grassy; NW.NE.SE 1950; humid forests; N,(C,SS) grassland; NW.WW O. apifera: <750; dry grassland; oA Ophrys mammosa: <1250; dry grassland; oA Ophrys bornmuelleri: O. oestrifera: <1700; open woodland <1400; grassy; SS-SE O. bombyliflora: <700; dry grassland; W O. umbilicata: <450; A= ssp. oestrifera: wdsp.QAr) B = ssp. bremifera: ±SW +phrygana; W,SS \ 368 Orchidaceae (Ophrys) Monocotyledonae Monocotyledonae /i • ri Orchidaceae {Serapias) 369 ----- _______*-s oo HHmH ■ 4-5^ <4o mm i 5-7 <4o rp-^i ,1 vt «4-5 Op/i/ys hooserica: <1550; O. ferrum-equinum: <1000; macchie, pastu- O. /r/co/or; <450; pastures etc.; W,SS Serap/as feldwegiana: S. bergonii: < 16o6*g7assy; S. poilhW: <700- grassy open woodland etc.; W.SS.SE res etc.; WW.SW.SS _ _ f - i - - mpr 7 <2^__f____Ä basic marshes; oA,(C) c.1600; acid bogs; NE rr <25 QE__H____17 Carex pauciflora: c.2050 acid bogs; NE r C. capitellata: 1600-2900; damp tundra; NN.NE <2° ___■_■_■ 6~7 Carex oreophila: 2250- C. pyrenaica: 2000-3100; C. distachya: <1450; mac- C. otrubae: <2100; wet; 3350; wet tundra; (C),NE-SE (moist) tundra; NE chie; W Carex remota: <1600; wet places in forests; C. paniculata: 1000-2000; wet N.SS(Amanus) NW.NE.C.EE r wdsp. C. appropinquata: 1600-1800; wet; C,NE r 378 Cyperaceae (Carex) Monocotyledonae: grass like families Carex diandra: 1600-2300; C. muricata: <1200; clea- C. spicata: 730-2430; C. leersii: 600-2300; lakeshores etc.; NW.C.SW rings etc.; oA forests etc.; N(-C),E forests, scree etc.; wdsp? Carex divulsa: <2400; C. dlvlsa: <2800; marshy, often saline; C. colchica: <2; coastal sands; N,SW forests; oA.SE wdsp.(not SE) C. stenophylla ssp. stenophyl- C. ovalis: <2650; pastures, C. pachystylis: C. echinata: 1400-2600; acid loides: 980-2800; steppe;+iA forests etc.; not SW-SSE 550-2700; steppe; E bogs etc.; N(-C) Monocotyledonae: grass like families P Cyperaceae (Carex) 379 -5 <110r Carex canescens: 1400- C. hirta: <2050; wet, also C. acutiformis: C. melanostachya: 800-2100; 2650; acid bogs; NE^ semiruderal; not WW.SSE <2390; wet; wdsp. marshes, +dry slopes; NE,iA(-SS) " Pi C. rostrata: 1400-2400; oli- 5 3-5 MMnM<80 <140r| Carex songorica: 2000-2200; C. pseudocyperus: -C. riparia: <1950; water meadows; NE.SE <1500; wet; very scat, swamps, marshes; wdsp. gotrophic marshes; NW,(C),E Carex vesicaria: <2300; wet; N.C.E C. pendula: <2000; damp C. capillaris: 1300-?; wet; or wet forests; oA NE r <100l|[ 380 Cyperaceae (Carex) p_____n^_____________a j p Monocotyledonae: grass like families Monocotyledonae: grass like families Cyperaceae (Carex) 381 Carex sylvatica: <2250 damp, shady; N P <60r h Ik ^*3-5 C. flacca: <2300; div.; C. hispida: <50; (salt-) wdsp. (not SSE) marshes; NW.WW \m C. panicea: 1300-3000; wet; N,E,(C) Carex distans: <2150; damp, wet, saline; wdsp. Carex flava: 1700-2100; wet grassland; NN(-C) C. diluta: 20-2000; wet, saline, steppe; C,E,SS C. pallescens: <2300; grassy; N,(C) often saline; W P C. cilicica: 1700-2500; moist, wet; NE,iA,S(not SSE) C. extensa: <70; coastal, C. digitata: 250-2300; forests, NE Carex halleriana: <2000; dry stony grassland; N,C,SS_ i I P C. umbrosa ssp. huetiana. 1600- C. caryophyllea: 300-3350; damp tundra; NW,NE,SE 3000; grassy; NW.NE <40r Carex tomentosa: <2500; C. grioletti: < 1110; moist to dry grassland; N,C,E humid forests; NW,NE Carex tristis: 900-4400; C. kitaibeliana: 1900-2400; tundra; NW.NE.SS limestone tundra; NW(-C) C. supina: 2000-3000; dry, C. liparocarpos: <500; dry stony; NE.EE pastures etc.; NW.NE rr C. macrolepis: c.1000; lime- C. eriocarpa: 1700-2900; stone rocks; SS(Amanus) rocky, scrub; EE ! 382 Cyperaceae (Carex) Monocotyledonae: grass like families Monocotyledonae: grass like families Juncaceae (Juncus) 383 Carex limosa: c.1960; boggy; NE(Cildir Gold) C. magellanica: 1750-2900; acid bogs; NE P <60 ■ ■ 6-7 TT__I <45 fflEfcWJ 7 C. atrata agg.: 1870-3350; C. kukkonenii: 2400-3140; grassy tundra; N grassy tundra; EE.SS.SE Carex norvegica: 2500- C. n/gra: 1000-2650; wet, boggy A = ssp. nigra: 2800; tundra; NE N(-C,-EE) B = ssp. alpina: NW(Uludag) C. caespitosa: 2050-2300; wet; NE Carex acuta: <2450; wet meadows, shallow water etc.; C. elata: <1100; lake shores, wet places; NW,SW,C,SS N,E,(SS) P Juncus acutus: <150; coastal mars- J. heldreichianus: <1800; coastal sands, sali-hes; oA ne areas, lake shores etc.; not NN.NE.SE P. <100| J. maritimus: <1050; saline; w,c,ss PJ Juncus subulatus: coa- J. inflexus: <2600; wet J. effusus: <1950; damp stal, saline; W pastures etc.; wdsp. pastures etc.; not SSE Juncus filiformis: 2000- J. compressus: <2350; dis- J. gerardii: <2500; damp, 2750; wet, acid; NE turbed, also salty; scat. often saline; wdsp. P J. conglomeratus: <1600; damp; NW.NE J. bufonius: <2350; wet, disturbed; wdsp. r 384 Juncaceae (Juncus) Monocotyledonae: grass like families ilMtfi 5-7 L. campestris: 1500-2100; grassland; NW,NE f 4 ____......« Triglochin bulbosa: sea- T. maritima: 1200-2000; shore meadows; WW.SW marshes; (C-)NE-SE Brachypodium pinnatum: B. sylvaticum: <2440; <2400; pastures etc.; oA(-iA) forests; wdsp. T. palustris: 800-2400; marshes; (N-)iA B. retusum: <100; phryga-na etc.; WW(-SW) Leersia oryzoides: <70; marshes; NW.NE Trachynia distachya: 1250; pastures, fields; oA,S 386 Poaceae (Agropyron) Monocotyledonae: grass like families Monocotyledonae: grass like families Poaceae (Eremopyrum) 387 4-* <4° **^T**~H 7"9_____ Avena barbata: <1300; dis- Helictotrichon convolutum: H. versicolor: 2000-2660; H. pubescens: 800-2350; turbed; wdsp. c.1150; rocky; SW,SS r tundra; C,NE grassland; N,C,(SS) Arrhenatherum palaestinum: 500-2000; rocky; iA(-NW),S(not SE) A. elatius: <1700; grassland; not EE-SSE [ 6-7 <30 __ Gaudinia fragilis: <1500; Gaudiniopsis macra: <1750; stony; wdsp.(N r) Trisetum flavescens: 770-2900; meadows etc.; NW.NE.iA dry, open; W,SS,C,NE Rostraria berythea: <600; R. cristata: <1200; damp, disturbed; SW-SSE disturbed; wdsp. al 392 Poaceae (Rostraria) Monocotyledonae: grass like families P oben: Rostraria berythea unten: Rostraria cristata P Koeleria cristata: <3000; K. nitidula: <2300; steppe; K. eriostachya: 2360-2500; steppe, tundra; wdsp. NW,WW,C,E,SS tundra, NE r a ~ ssp. ambigua \.,, "8 . <60 [^^jsssi 6-8 <40 Deschampsia cespitosa: D. flexuosa: 700-2150; Aira elegantissima: 350-3000; damp; wdsp. acid forests etc.; N <1400; dry, open; N,W Holcus lanatus: <2000; Calamagrostis epigejos: <3050; C. arundinacea: 1400-grassy; N,WW scrub, stony etc.; not SS.SSE 2500; clearings; N Corynephorus divarica-tus: +coastal(sandy); oA C. pseudophragmites: 100-2200; riverbanks; wdsp. Pi Monocotyledonae: grass like families Poaceae (Ammophila) 393 <120r Ammophila arenaria ssp. _______- "7 <60iHH^8 Apera intermedia: Apera spica-venti: Agrostis capillaris: 200- arundinacea: coastal dunes; W <2000; open, dry; wdsp. <1400; fields etc.; NW.C 2800; pastures etc • N(-C) <90r Agrostis gigantea: <2350; marshy; N,EE,SE Gastridium phleoides: <100; dry, disturbed; W,SS Lagurus ovatus: <50; Polypogon monspeliensis: sandy; W.SS <1200; damp; not NN,NE,SE Milium effusum: 700-1400; Milium vernale: <1750; humid forests; NW.NE open forests etc.; W,C,S Polypogon viridis: <1300, wet; wdsp. Phalaris arundinacea: <2700; rivers etc.; NW.iA.S 394 Poaceae (Phalaris) Monocotyledonae: grass like families a-bl Phalaris canariensis: Phalaris coerulescens: <1000; ruderal; W,SS,(C) <50; meadows; W -5 <60 ___________ 6-8 Anthoxanthum odoratum: Alopecurus aequalis: <1500; grassy; N,W,C <2800; wet; scat. Pi <10014-8 <30 M^nmWmWSEEEkA4S <30 %&5rt 5-8 <60 7-8 Alopecurus arundinaceus: A. vaginatus: 700-3100; A. lanatus: 1500-3450; rocky A. glacialis: 2200-3200; <3050; marshy; wdsp. tundra; N,C,EE,SW,SS tundra; NW(-C),SW,SS ! tundra; NE Alopecurus gerardii: 1700- A. textilis: 1675-3350; tundra; not A. utriculatus: <1400; A. myosuroides: Monocotyledonae: grass like families a j| 1/ Poaceae (Alopecurus) 395 ^ ■ "- ..." - - K^'?J^8I -7 <85 __5§1__3__€_56"8 Phleum pratense: <2500; P. subulatum: <920; div.; P. montanum: 265-2300; P. phleoides: 300-2390; dry grassland; wdsp.(S r) oA,(SE) dry slopes etc.; wdsp. pastures etc.; N,WW,C,E Phleum exaratum <2300; Festuca gigantea: damp F. drymeja: <2000; forests; F. sclerophylla: 1500- forests; NW.NE-SE p N,SS(Amanus) 3500; screes; EE.SE Pi <100 J 3-8 <50 396 Poaceae (Festuca) Monocotyledonae: grass like families Monocotyledonae: grass like families a Poaceae (Lolium) 397 <15°HHm6-7; 4. impossible due to permanent unrest in the region - Kara Dag N of Hakkari, c.3400 m s.l., 1.7.2001 (18) Index venustum 269 Acanthophyllum microcephalum 142 Acanthus dioscoridis 10 hirsutus 10 spinosus 10 Acer campestre 10 cappadocicum 10 divergens 10 hyrcanum 11 monspessulanum 11 negundo 10 platanoides 10 pseudoplatanus 11 sempervirens 11 tataricum 10 trautvetteri 10 Aceras anthropophorum 368 Achillea aleppica 43 biebersteinii 42 biserrata 42 coarctata 43 cretica 42 grandifolia 42 gypsicola 43 kotschyi 42 latiloba 404 millefolium 42 mullifida 42 nobilis 42 phrygia 43 schischkinii 43 complicatus 175 Adiantum capillus-veneris 2 Adonis aestivalis 281 aleppica 280 annua 281 dentala 281 eriocalycina 280 flammea 281 microcarpa 281 Aegilops cylindrica 386 geniculata 386 kotschyi 386 neglecta 386 triuncialis 386 umbellata 386 Aegopodium podagraria 19 Aeluropus litoralis 400 Aetheorrhiza bulbosa 73 Aethionema arabicum 100 armenum 101 cae spit o sum 102 capitatum 101 carneum 100 cordatum 101 elongatum 100 eunomioides 100 grandiflorum 101 iberideum 101 Agrostis capillaris 392 gigantea 392 Ailanthus altissima 329, 330 Ainsworthia trachycarpa 26 Air a elegantissima 391 Ajuga bombycina 224 chamaepitys 224 genevensis 223 laxmannii 224 orientalis 223 reptans 223 salicifolia 224 vestita 224 Albizzia julibrissin 254 Alcea apterocarpa 253 calvertii 253 digitata 253 dissecta 253 lavatlierifolia 253 pallida = A. biennis 253 setosa 254 Alchemilla mollis 295 plicatula 295 Alhagi pseudalbagi 210 Alisma lanceolatum 340 Abies setacea 42 lepidioides 100 plantago-aquatka cilicica 8, 9 sieheana 43 memhranaceum 102 Alkanna nordmanniana 8, 9 sintenisii 42 oppositifolium 101 areolata 93 Abutilon teretifolia 43 saxatile 101 froedinii 92 theopbrasti 252 vermicularis 43 schistosum 102 hirsutissima 93 Acacia wilhelmsii 43 speciosum 100 hispida 94 cyanophylla 254 Acinos stylosum 101 kotschyana 93 dealbata 254 alpinus 240 trinervium 101 macrophyila 93 farnesianu 254 arvensis 239 Aethusa megacarpa 93 karroo 254 roumdifolius 239 cynapium 20 oreodoxa 94 meamsii 254 Aconitum Agave orientalis 92 Acantholepis anthora 277 americana 341 pamphylica 93 orientalis 66 Orientale 277 Agrimonia pseudotinctoria 93 Acantholimon Acroptilon eupatoria 295 sieheana 93 acerosum 269 repens 56 procera = A. repens 295 tinctoria 93 bracteatum 269 Actaea Agropvron tubulosa 94 caryophyllaceum 269 spicata 277 cristatum 385 Alliaria puberulum 269 Actinolema repens = Elymus r. 385 petiolata 118 quinquelobum 269 macrolema 13 Agrostemma Allium ulicinum 269 Adenocarpus githago 147 affine 354 akaka 354 amethystinum 353 ampeloprasum 352 atroviolaceum 353 balansae 351 cardiostemon 354 cupanii 351 decipiens 354 flavum 352 fuscoviolaceum 353 gayi 351 guttatum 353 ilgazense 354 junceum 353 kharpulense 354 macrocliaetum 353 moschatum 351 neapolitanum 351 nigrum 354 olympicum 352 Orientale 354 pallens 352 paniculatum 351 peroninianum 351 pictistamineum 352 pseudoampeloprasum 352 pseudoflavum 352 roseum 350 sandrasicum 352 scorodoprasum 353 sibiricum= A. schoenoprasum ssp sibiricum 350 sintenisii 354 sivasicum 351 sphaerocephalon 353 stearniunum 353 subhirsutum 351 tauricola 352 trifoiiatum 351 triquetrum 351 tunceliunum 353 vineale 353 Allochrusa bungei 142 Alnus glutinosa 79 orientalis 79 Alopecurus aequalis 393 arundinacetis 393 gerardii 393 glacialis 393 lanatus 393 myosuroides 393 rendlei 394 textilis 393 utriculatus 393 vaginatus 393 Althaea cannabina 254 hirsuta 254 officinalis 254 Alvssoides utriculata 105 Alyssum aizoides 107 armenu 107 aurantiacum 107 blepharocarpum 106 dasycarpum 106 dese riorum 106 erosulum 108 hirsutum 107 linifolium 106 macropodum 107 minus 107 minutum 107 murale 108 ochroleucum 108 pateri 109 pel tar hides 108 propinquum 108 repens 107 sibiricum 108 slrihrnyi 108 striatum 107 strigosuin 107 tetrastemon 109 thy mops 109 tortuosum 108 Amaranthus albus 11 blitoides 11 deflexus 11 graecizans 11 Hvidus = A. blitus 11 powelii = A. chlorostachvs 12 retroflexus 12 spinosus 12 Amberboa moschata 56 Amblyopyrum muticum 386 Amelanchier parviflora 300 rotundifolia 300 Ammophila arenaria 392 A mpelopsis Orientale 340 Amygdalus arabica 290 communis 290 fenzliana 290 graeca 290 lycoides 290 orientalis 290 trichamygdalus 290 webhii 290 Anacamptis pyramidalis 368 Anacyclus c lava tu s 42 Anagallis arvensis 276 foemina 276 Anagyris foetidu 173 Anarrhinum Orientale 320 Anchonium elichrysifolium 116 Anchusa aggregata 91 arvensis 91 aucheri 91 azurea 91 barrelieri 91 leptophylla 90 officinalis 90 pusilla 91 strigosa 91 srylosa 91 undulata 90 Andrachne telephioides 167 Andropogon distachyos 403 hirtum = Hyparrhenia h. 403 Androsace albana 275 armeniaca 275 intermedia 275 maxima 274 multiscapa 275 villosa 274 Andryala integrifolia 74 Anemone albana 280 blanda 280 coronaria 280 narcissiflora 280 nemorosa 280 pavonina 280 ranunculoides 280 Anethum graveolens 20 Angelica sylvestris 23 Anogramma leptophylla 2 Antennaria dioica 33 Anthemis altissima 41 ammophila 40 arvensis 40 austriaca 41 chia 40 coelopoda 41 cotula 41 cretica 40 fumariifolia 40 kotschyana 40 murschalliana 40 melanoloma 41 palaestina 41 pauciloba 40 pseudocotula 41 rigida 40 rosea 40 sintenisii 40 tinctoria 41 tomentosa 40 wiedemanniana 41 Anthericum liliago 350 ramosum 350 Anthoxanthum odor at urn 393 Anthriscus caucalis 15 cerefolium 16 nemorosa 16 sylvestris 16 Anthyttis hermanniae 206 tetraphylla 206 vulneraria 205 Antirrhinum majus 319 Apera intermedia 392 spica-venti 392 Aphanes arvensis 295 Apium graveolens 23 nodiflorum 23 Aquilegia olympica 287 Arabidovsis thaliana 119 Arabis alpina 110 aubretioides 111 aucheri 110 brachycarpa 111 deflexa 111 drabiformis 111 nova 110 sagittata 110 turrita 111 verna 110 Arbutus andrachne 166 unedo 166 Arceuthobium oxycedri 251 Arctium lappa 50 minus 50 tomentosum 50 Aremonia agremonoides 295 Arenaria acerosa 131 blepharophylla 130 cucubaloides 131 deflexa 130 dianthoides 130 fill caul is 130 gypsophiloides 131 kotschyana 129 ledehouriana 131 leptoclados 130 luschanii 130 pamphylica 130 rotundifolia 130 sabulinea 130 serpyllifolia 130 tmolea 130 Argyrolobium biebersteinii 175 crotalarioides 175 (20) Arisarum vulgare 343 Aristida caerulescens 400 Aristolochia billardieri 29 bottae 29 clematitis 30 Itirta 29 lycica 29 maur or urn 29 pallida 29 pontica 29 rotunda 29 Arnebia densiflora 84 pulchra 84 Arrhenatherum elatius 390 palaestinum 390 Artedia squamata 28 Artemisia absinthium 48 annua 48 austriaca 49 campestris 48 caucasica 49 chamaemelifolia 48 herba-alba 48 santonicum 49 scoparia 48 splendens 49 verlotiorum 48 vulgaris 48 Arthrocnemum Jruticosum 151 glaucum 151 Arum conophalloides 342 creticum 342 dioscoridis 342 elongatum 342 euxinum 342 italic urn 342 maculatum 342 Aruncus vulgaris 289 Arundo donax 400 plinii = A. pliniana 400 Asarum europaeum 29 Asparagus acutifolius 349 officinalis 349 palaestinus 349 persicus 348 tenuifotius 349 Asperugo procumbens 81 Asperula affinis 301 arvensis 302 bornmuelleri 301 capitellata 301 glome rata 301 gracilis 302 involucrata 302 laxiflora 301 lilaciflora 301 littoralis 302 nitida 301 orientalis 302 pestalozzae 302 pontica 301 rumelica 302 stricta 301 taurina 302 xylorrhiza 302 Asphodeline brevicaulis 350 damascena 350 globifera 350 liburnica 350 lutea 350 taurica 350 tenuior 350 Asphodelus aestivus 349 fistulosus 349 Asplenium adiantum-nigrum 3 cuneifolium 3 obovatum 3 onopteris 3 ruta-muraria 3 septentrionale 3 trichomanes 3 viride 3 Aster alpinus 35 amellus 35 linosyris = Crinitaria I. 36 tripolium 35 Asteriscus aquaticus 31 Asterolinon linum-stellatum = Lysimachia l.-s. 275 Astragalus aduncus 182 aleppicus 179 alyssoides 183 angustiflorus 179 an gustifalius 184 anthylloides 181 asicocalyx 182 aureus 180 bicolor 183 brachypetalus 178 brachystachys 179 cadmicus 182 campylosema 183 caraganae 179 cephalotes 180 christianus 179 cicer 182 cinereus 184 coadunatus 178 condensatus 180 creticus 180 cylindraceus 183 depressus 178 echinops 181 epiglottis 177 eriocephatus 180 eriophyllus 178 fragrans 183 fraxinifolius 178 galegiformis 179 garaensis 180 globosus 183 glycyphyllos 178 gymnalopecias 181 gymnolobus 184 hamosus 177 hirsutus 183 hirticalyx 181 icmadophilus 179 karamasicus 182 kurdicus 180 lagurus 180 lineatus 181 lusitanicus 178 lycicus 182 lydius 182 macrocephalus 181 macroscepus 177 macrostachys 178 maximus 181 melitenensis 182 microcephalia 180 nanus 178 nit ens J 84 odoratus 182 onobrychis 182 oocephalus 181 oxyglottis 177 pelliger 183 pinetorum 179 ponticus 181 russelii 181 schizop tents 183 sesameus 177 strigillosus 182 suberosus 177 subsecundus 184 tigridis 184 friradiatus 177 turcicus 183 victoriae 406 vulnerariae 184 xy I oba sis 182 yueksekovae 179 Astrantia maxima 13 Astrodaucus orientalis 27 Asyneuma amplexicaule 126 compactum 125 filipes 126 ilgazensis 125 limonifolium 125 lobelioide 125 michauxioides 126 pulchellum 125 rigidum 125 vir gat urn 125 Athyrium filix-femina 3 Atractvlis cancellata 65 gummifera 65 Atraphaxis billardieri 270 spinosa 270 Atriplex hastata 150 patula 150 tatarica 150 Atropa bella-donna 331 Aubrieta canescens 113 deltoidea 113 olympica 113 pinardii 113 Aurinia rupestris 106 saxatilis 106 uechtritziana 106 Avena barbata 390 fatua 389 sterilis 389 Ballota acetabulosa 231 glandulosissima 231 larendana 231 nigra 231 rotundifolia 231 saxatilis 231 Barbarea minor 112 plantaginea 112 trichopoda 112 verna 112 vulgaris 112 Barlia robertiana 368 Bassia laniflora 151 Beckmannia eruciformis 394 Bellardia trixago 328 Bellardiochloa violacea 395 Bellevalia clusiana 358 dubia 358 niodesta 358 paradoxa 358 pycnanlha 358 trifoliata 358 Bellis annua 36 perennis 36 sylvestris 36 Berberis crataegina 79 vulgaris 79 Berteroa incana 106 mutabilis 106 Berula erecta 19 Beta maritima 150 trigyna 150 Betula browicziana 80 litwinowii 80 pendula 80 Biarum carduchorum 343 tenuifolium 343 Bidens cernua 30 tripartita 30 Bifora radians 16 testiculata 17 Biscutella didyma 100 Biserrula pelecinus 177 Blackstonia perfoliata 212 Blechnum spicant 4 Blysmus compressus 375 Bolanthus frankenioides 141 minuartioides 142 stenopetalus 142 Bolboschoenus maritimus 375 Bombycilaena erecta 35 Bongardia chrysogonum 79 Borago officinalis 94 Bnreava orientalis 104 Bornmuellera cappadocica 106 Bothriochloa ischaemum 403 Botrychium lunaria 2 Brachypodium distachyum = Trachynia d. 384 pinnatum 384 refusion = B. ramosum 384 sylvaticum 384 Brassica cretica 94 deflexa 94 elongata 94 nigra 95 tournefortii 94 Briza humilis 397 maxima 397 media 397 minor 397 Bromus armenus 389 arvensis 388 benekenii 389 cappadocicus 389 commutatus 387 danthoniae 388 diandrus 389 erectus 389 hordaceus 388 inermis 389 intermedius 388 japonicus 388 lanceolatus 388 madritensis 388 (21) racemosus 387 ramosus 389 rigidus 389 rubens 388 scoparius 388 squarrosus 388 sterilis 388 tectorum 388 Bruckenthalia spiculiflora 166 Brunnera macrophylla 90 orientalis 90 Bryonia cretica 160 Bufonia calyculata 134 Buglossoides arvensis 85 incrassuta 85 Bungea trifida 329 Bunias erucago 104 orientalis 104 Bunium ferulaceum 17 microcarpum 17 paucifoliuni 17 Bupleurum brevicaule 22 coinmutatum 22 crocetim 21 falcutum 22 jlavum 22 gerardii 22 gracile 22 intermedium 21 kurdicum 23 lancifolium 21 lophocarpum 21 pendikum 22 praealtum 22 rotundifolium 21 schistosum 22 sulphureum 22 tenuissimum 23 trichopoduin 23 Butomus umbellatus 343 Buxus sempervirens 119 Caccinia macranthera 94 Cakile maritima 97 Calamagrostis urundinacea 391 epigejos 391 pseudophragmites 391 Calamintha grandiflora 239 nepeta 239 pamphylica 239 sylvatica 239 Calendula arvensis 39 suffiuclicosa 39 Calepina irregularis 95 Calicotome villosa 175 Calligonum polygonoides 271 Callipeltis cucullaria 304 Callitriche palustris 120 stagnalis 120 Calluna vulgaris 166 Caltha polypetala 277 Calystegia sepium 154 silvatica 154 soldanella 154 Camelina laxa 119 microcarpa 119 saliva 119 Campanula alliariifolia 121 aucheri 122 betulifolia 121 bononiensis 120 choruhensis 122 collina 121 coriacea 122 cymbalaria 122 delicatula 123 drabifolia 123 erinus 123 glomerata 121 hakkiarica 122 hedgei 122 iconica 120 involucrata 121 koyuncui 122 lact [flora 124 latifolia 120 ledebouriana 121 lingulata 121 lyrata 120 macrochlamys 121 macros! via 123 (22) olympica 124 pere grina 124 perská 123 persicifolia 124 phrygia 123 pontica 124 postii 122 ptarmicifolia 123 rapunculoides 120 rapunculus 124 reuterana 123 rotundifolia 405 sclerotricha 121 scoparia 123 silririca 121 stevenii 124 stricta 123 strigosa 123 tomentosa 120 trachelium 120 tridentata 122 Camphorosoma monspeliaca 150 Capparis ovata 120. 126 spinosa 120, 126 Capsella bursa-pastoris 104 rubella 104 Caragana grandiflora 176 leiocalycina 176 Cardamine graeca 113 hirsuta 112 impatiens 112 mattliioli 113 raphanifolia 113 uliginosa 113 Cardaria draba 98 Cardopatium corymbosum 65 Carduncellus caeruleus 66 Carduus acanthoides 55 adpressus 404 argentatus 55 hamulosus 55 lanuginosus 55 nutans 54 onopordioides 54 pycnocephalus 54 tmoleus 55 Carex acuta - C. gracilis 381 acutiformis 378 appropinquata 376 atrata agg 381 caespitosa 381 canescens 378 capillaris 378 capitellata 376 caryophyllea 380 cilicica 379 colchica 377 diandra 377 digitata 379 diluta 379 distachya 376 distans 379 divisa 377 divulsa 377 echinata = C. stellulata 377 elata 381 eriocarpa 380 extensa 379 flacca 379 flava 379 grioletti 380 halleriana 380 hirta 378 hispida 379 kitaibeliana 380 kukkonenii 381 limosa 381 liparocarpos 380 mucrolepis 380 magellanica = C. paupercula 381 melanostachya 378 muricata 377 nigra 381 norvegica = c. oligantha 381 oreophila 376 otrubae 376 ovalis = C. leporina 377 pachystylis 377 pallescens 379 paiiicea 379 paniculata 376 pauciflora 376 pendula 378 pseudocyperus 378 pyrenaica 376 remota 376 riparia 378 roslrata 378 songorica 378 spicata 377 stenophylla 377 supina 380 sylvatica 379 tomentosa 380 tristis 380 umbrosa 380 vesicaria 378 Carlina biebersteinii agg. (incl. C. intermedia) 65 corymbosa 65 lanata 65 oligocephala 404 vulgaris 65 Carpesium abrotanoides 33 Carpinus betulus 80 orientalis 80 Carthamus glaucus 65 lanatus 64 persicus 65 Carum carvi 18 Castanea sativa 210 Catabrosa aquatica 397 Catabrosella araratica 397 Catapodium marinum 396 rigidum 396 Cedrus libani 8. 9 Celtis australis 334 glabrata 334 tournefortii 334 Centaurea aegialophila 56 aRSreSata 64 albonitensis 60 antiochia 58 appendicigera 60 armena 60 aucheri 59 beben 57 bourgaei 63 cadmea 58 calchrapa 59 calolepis 64 carduiformis 58 cheiranthifolia 63 chrysantha 61 cuneifolia 63 cyanus 62 dealbata 62 depressa 62 diffusa 64 drabifolia 60 gigantea 59 glastifolia 57 helenioides 59 hypoleuca 61 iherica 59 inermis 57 jacea 58 karduchorum 61 kilaea 63 kotschyi 59 kurdica 58 lanigera 63 lycopifolia 60 mathiolifolia 62 mucronifera 58 nigrifirnbriata 62 olympica 64 pecho 61 persica 59 pichleri 62 pinetorum 64 polypodiifolia 57 pseudoscabiosa 63 pterocaula 57 pulchella 57 pulcherrima 61 pyrrhoblephara 61 reuterana 62 rhitantha 60 rhizocalathium 57 rigida 59 saligna 57 salonitaiia 61 scopulorum 59 simplicicaidis 58 solstitialis 61 spectabilis 60 stenolepis 61 t/iirkei 62 triumfettii 62 urvillei 58 virgata 64 wiedemanniana 63 woronowii 63 Centaurium erythraea 212 maritim um 212 pulchellum 212 spicatum 212 Centranthus calcitrapa 336 longiflorus 336 ruber 336 Cephalanthera damasonium 365 epipactoides 365 longifolia 364 rubra 365 Cephalaria amana 162 dipsacoides 161 gigantea 161 procera 161 setosa 162 speciosa 161 syriaca 161 transsylvanica 161 Cephalorrhvnchus recliingerianus 75 Cerastium anomalum 132 armeniacum 132 banaticum 133 brachypetalum 134 cerastioides 132 chlorif ohum 132 dahuricum 133 dichotomiím 133 diffusum 134 glomeratum 134 gnaphalodes 133 gracile 134 holosteoides = C. fontánům ssp. triviale 133 illyricum 133 macranthum 133 perfoliatum 132 pumilum 133 purpurascens 133 semidecandrum 133 Cerasus angustifolia 289 incana 290 mahaleb 289 microcarpa 289 prostřena 289 Ceratocarpus arenarius 150 Ceratocephalus fulcatiis 287 Ceratonia siliqua 120 Ceratophyllum demersum 148 submersum 148 Ccrcis siliqitastrum 120 Cerinthe glabra 89 major 89 minor 88 Ceterach offlcinarum 4 Chaenorhinum minus 320 Chaerophvllum astrantiae 15 uureutn 15 bulbosum 15 byzantinum 15 macrospermum 15 temulum 15 Chamaecytisus austriacus 173 cassius 174 eriocarpus 173 gueneri 173 hirsutus 173 pygmaeus 173 supinus 174 wulfii 173 Chamaesciadium acaule 18 Chardinia orientalis 66 Cheilanthes catanensis 4 fragrans 4 marantae 4 persica 4 Cheiranthus cheiri 118 Chelidonium majus 260 Chenopodium album 149 ambrosioides 150 botrys 149 chenopodioides 149 foliosum 149 glaucum 149 hybridum 149 murale 149 opulifolium 149 polyspermum 150 sosnowskyi 149 urbicum 149 vulvaria 149 Chesneva elegans 177 rhytidiosperma 177 Chondrilla juncea 77 Chorisp or a syriaca 114 Chrozophora tinctoria 167 Chrysanthemum coronariitm 44 segetiim 44 Chrvsocamela velutina 119 Chrysophthalmum montanum 31 Chrysopoeon gryllits 402 Cicer anatolicum 186 bijugum 186 incisum 186 montbreiii 185 pinnatifidum 186 Cicerbita racemosa 75 variabilis 74 Cichorium intybus 67 Cicuta virosa 23 Cionura erecta 30 Circaea alpina 406 Iuteliana 257 Cirsium adjaricum 52 alatum 53 arvense 52 canum 52 creticum 53 echinus 52 elodes 53 hypoleucum 53 lappaceum 404 munitum 404 obvallatum 53 polycephalum 53 pseitdobracteosum 52 pseudopersonata 54 pubigerum 53 rhizocephalum 404 simplex 53 vulgare 53 Cistus creticus 152 laurifoliits 152 monspeliensis 152 parviflorus 153 salvifolius 152 Cladiiun mariscus 376 Cleistogenes serotina 401 Clematis flammula 279 orientalis 279 vitalba 279 viticella 280 Cleome Steven i ana 126 Steven i ana = C. ornithopodioides 120 Clinopodium vulgare 239 Clypeola jonthlaspi 109 raddeana 109 Cnicus benedictus 64 Cnidium silaifolium 23 Cochlearia aucheri 105 sintenisii 105 Coeloglossum viride 366 Colchicum balansae 364 baytopiorum 363. 364 bornmuelleri 364 burtii 363 chalcedonicum 364 eilicicum 364 falcifolium 363, 364 micranthum 363. 364 polyphyllum 364 szovitsii 363 triphyllum 363.364 troodii 363. 364 turcicum 363. 364 variegatum 363 Colutea cilicica J 76 Coluteocarpus vesicaria 99 Comandra umbellata 309 Comarum palustre - Potentilla p. 292 Commelina communis 343 Comperia comperiana 368 Conium maculatum 20 Conringia grandiflora 96 orientalis 96 perfoliata 96 plansiliqua 96 Consolida aconiti 279 hellespontica 279 hohenackeri 279 orientalis 279 persica 279 raveyi 279 regalis 279 scleroclada 279 Convolvulus althaeoides 155 (24) arvensis 155 assyricus 155 betonicifolius J55 canlabrica 154 compactus 155 dorycnicum 154 elegantissimus 156 galaticus 155 holosericeus 155 lanatus 154 libanoticus 155 lineatus 154 persicus 154 phrygius 155 pseudoscammonia 156 scammonia 155 siculus 156 stachydifalius 156 Convza bonariensis 36 canadensis 36 Corallorhiza trifida 371 Coridothyinus capitatus 242 Cornucopiae cucullatum 394 Cornus mas 156 sanguinea 156 Coronilla coronata 206 cretica 206 emerus 206 glauca = C. valentina ssp. glauca 206 orientalis 206 parviflora = C. rostrata 206 rostrata 206 scorpioides 206 varia 206 Coronopus squamatus 98 Corydalis bulbosa ssp marschalliana 263 caucasica 263 conorhiza 263 erdeiii = C. rutifolia ssp. kurdica 264 hausknechtii 264 Integra 264 lydica 264 nariniana 264 oppositifolia = C. rutifolia ssp. erdeiii 264 tauricola = C. solida ssp. tauricola 264 wendelboi 264 Corydalis alpestris 263 Corydalis solida 264 Corydalis cava 264 Corylus avellana 80 colurna 80 maxima 80 Corynephorus divaricatus 391 Cotinus coggygria 12 Cotoneaster integerrimus 297 nummularia 298 tomentosus 298 Cousinia bicolor 50 birandiana 50 canescens 49 eriocephala 49 grandis 50 iconica 50 macroptera 49 woronowii 49 Crambe maritima 96 orientalis 96 tatarica 96 Crassula tillaea 160 Crataegus aronia 299 atrosanguinea 298 curvisepala 299 davisii 298 meyeri 298 monogyna 299 orientalis 298 pentagyna 298 tanacetifolia 298 Crepis alpestris 78 alpina 78 arinena 78 conyzifolia 79 dioritica 79 foetida 78 fi-aasii 78 frigida 405 hakkarica 78 paludosa 78 pulchra 77 reuterana 78 sahendii 78 sancta 77 setosa 77 smyrnaea 78 vesicaria 77 willdenowii 78 Crinitaria linosyris = Aster I. 36 Crithmum maritimum 19 Crocus abantensis 345 ancyrensis 347 asumaniae 346 biflorus 346 cancellatus 346 chrysanthus 347 gargaricus 347 olivieri 347 pallasii 347 pestalozzae 346 pulchellus 346 scharojanii 347 speciosus 346 Crucianella hithynica 300 gilanica 300 latifolia 300 macrostachya 300 Cruciata articulata 304 laevipes 304 pedemontana 305 taurica 304 Crupina vulgaris 64 Crypsis aculeata 401 Cryptogramma crispa 4 Cucubalus baccifer 147 Cupressus sempervirens 7, 9 Cuscuta brevistyla 160 campe str is 160 epithymum 160 europaea 160 monogyna 160 palaestina 160 Cyathobasis fiuticulosa 152 Cyclamen coum 275 hederifolium 275 parviflorum 275 persicum 275 Cyclotrichium leucotrichum 240 Cymbalaria longipes 321 microcalyx 321 Cynanchum acutum 30 Cynodon dactylon 401 Cynoglossum creticum 84 montanum 84 officinale 84 Cynosurus cristatus 397 echinatus 397 Cyperus capitatus 374 esculent us 373 flavescens = Pycreusf. 374 fuscus 374 glomeratus 374 longus 373 pannonicus - Juncellus p. 374 rotundus 373 Cystopteris fragilis 4 Cytinus hypocistis 276 Cytisopsis dorycniifolia 203 Cytisus procumbens 173 scoparius 173 villosus 173 Dactylis glome rata 397 Dactylorhiza euxina 371 flavescens - D. romana ssp. georgica 371 iberica 371 incarnata 371 osmanica 371 romana 371 sace if era 371 umbrosa 371 urvilleana 371 Damasonium alisma 341 Danthonia alpinu 400 decumbens 400 Daphne glomerala 333 gnidioides 333 mezereum 333 mucronata 333 oleoides 333 pontica 333 sericea 333 Dasypyrum villosum 387 Datisca cannabina 161 Datura stramonium 331 Daucus broteri 28 carota 28 guttatus 28 Delphinium albiflorum 278 buschianum 278 carduchorum 278 cyphoplectrum 278 formosum 278 ilgazense 278 linearilobum 278 macrostachyum 278 pere grin urn 278 schmalhausenii 278 Dentaria bulbifera 113 quinquefolia 113 Deschampsia cespitosa 391 flexuosa 391 Descurainia sophia 119 Dian th us or meria 136 barbutus 137 brevicaulis 136 calocephalus 137 carmelitarum 138 cibrarius 137 corymbosus 137 crinitus 136 elegans 136 erythrocoleus 136 giganteus 137 hymenolepis 137 libanotis 136 micranthus 135 multicaulis 135 orientalis 136 pinifolius 137 recognitus 136 segueri 137 st rictus 135 viscidus 137 zederbaueri 405 zonatus 136 Dictamnus albus 306 Digitalis cariensis 322 duvisiana 322 ferruginea 321 grandiflora 322 lamarckii 322 lanatu 322 vi ridiflora 322 Digitaria sanguinalis 402 Diospyros lotus 165 Diplachne serotina = Cleistogenes s. 401 Diplotaxis muralis 95 tenuifolia 95 Dipsacus fu Hanum 161 laciniatus 161 pi los us 161 Doronicum austriacum 36 balansae 37 bithynicum 37 maximum 37 oblongifolium 37 orientate 37 Dorycnium axilliflorum 204 liirsutum 204 pentaphyllum 204 rectum 203 Draba acaulis 110 araratica 110 bruniifolia 110 hispida 109 muralis 109 nemorosa 109 poly tri cha 110 rosularis 109 siliquosa 109 Drabopsis verna 114 Dracocephalum austriacum 237 ruyschianu 237 Dracunculus vulgaris 342 Drosera intermedia 164 longifolia = D. angelica 406 rotundifolia 164 Dryopteris affinis 4 carlhusiana 5 dilatata 5 filix-mas 4 pallida 5 Duchesnea indica 294 Ebenus boissieri 209 cappadocica 210 dep ressa 210 hirsuta 209 longipes 210 pisidica 210 plumosa 210 reesei 210 Ecballiiim elaterinum 160 Echinaria capitata 398 Echinochloa crus-galli 401 Echinophora orientalis 404 tenuifolia 14 tournefortii 403 trichophylla 14 Echinops microcephalus 66 orientalis 66 ritro 66 spbaerocepbalus 66 viscosus 66 Echium angustifolium 85 glomeratum 85 italicum 85 parviflorum 85 plantagineum 85 russicum 85 vulgare 85 Elaeagnus angustifolia 165 Eleocharis acicularis 374 mitracarpa 374 palustris 374 quinqueflora 374 uniglumis 374 Eleusine indica 401 Elodea canadensis 343 Elymus caninus 385 elongatus 385 erosiglumis 385 farctus 385 liispidus 385 lazicus 385 panormitanus 385 pyenanthus 385 repens 385 Emex spinosus 273 Eminium rauwolfii 342 Empetrum hermaphroditum = E. nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum 165 Enarthrocarnus arcuatus 96 Ephedra campylopoda 8 major 7 Epilobium alpestre 257 anagallidifolium 258 angustifolium 257 dodonaei 257 hirsutum 257 montanum 257 obscurum 257 palustre 257 parviflorum 257 ponticum 258 roseum 257 tetragonum 257 Epimedium pubigerum 79 Epipactis helleborine 365 palustris 365 Equisetum arvense 1 fluviatile 1 hyemale 1 palustre 1 ramosissimum 1 telmateia 1 variegatum J Eragrostis collina 400 minor 400 pilosa 400 Eranthis hyemalis 276 Eremopoa persica 397 Eremopyrum bonaepartis 385 distans 386 Eremostachvs laciniata 227 moluccelloides 227 (26) Eremurus spectabilis 349 Erica arborea 165 manipuliflora 165 Erigeron acer 36 annuus 36 aniens 405 caucasicus 36 uniflorus 36 zederbaueri 404 Eriophorum latifolium 375 vaginatum 375 Erodium absintlwides 215 acaule 215 amanum 215 hirandianum 215 botrys 214 cedr orum 214 ciconium 214 cicutarlum 216 gruinum 214 liakkiaricum 215 laciniatum 214 malacoides 214 micropetalum 215 moschatum 215 olympicum 215 oxyrrhynchum 214 Erophiia verna 110 Eruca saliva 95 Eryngium billardieri 14 bithynicum 14 cumpestre 14 creticum 13 giganteum 13 glomeratum 14 ilex 13 kotschii 14 maritimum 13 pyramidale 13 thorifolium 13 Erysimum alpestre 117 aznavourii 117 crassipes 116 cuspidatuin 118 eginense 118 goniocaulon 117 liakkiaricum 117 kotscltyanum 116 leplophyllum 118 lycaonicum 117 pulchellum 118 purpureum 116 repandum 116 sisymbrioides 116 smyrnaeum 117 sorgerae 117 thyrsoideum 117 torulosum 117 uncinatifolium 117 Eucalyptus camaldulensis 255 Euclidium syriacum 104 F.uonymus europaeus 148 latifolius 148 verrucosus 148 Eupatorium cannabinum 39 Euphorbia acanthothamnos 168 altissima 168 amygdaloides 172 anacainpseros 170 apios 168 armena 170 austroanatolica 169 barrelieri 171 cardiophylla 168 chamaeseye 167 characias 172 cheiradenia 171 con iosp erma 169 cyparissias 172 dendroides 168 denticulata 170 exigua 170 falcata 170 fistulosa 169 hausknechtii 169 helioscopia 169 herniariifolia 170 heieradena 172 hierosolymilana 168 koischyana 172 lathyris 172 lucida 172 macrocarpa 168 macroclada 171 myrsinites 170 nicacensis 171 oblongata 168 oblongifolia 172 orientalis 168 palustris 169 paraiias 171 peplis 167 peplus 170 pesialozzae 171 petrophila 171 platyphyllos 169 pro st rat a 167 pubescens 169 rigida 170 san asun itensis 172 seguieriana 171 stricla 169 supina 167 szovitsii 170 taurinensis 170 terracina 171 valerianifolia 169 virgata 172 wittinannii 168 Euphrasia minima 328 pectinata 328 rostkoviana 328 salisburgensis 328 Evax pygmaea 35 Fagonia olivieri 340 Faeus orientalis 2/0 Falcaria vulgaris 23 Ferula communis 24 longipedunculata 24 orientalis 24 rigidula 24 Ferulago cassia 24 confusa 24 galbanifera 24 macrosciadia 24 pauciradiala 24 stellata 24 Festuca anatolica 395 arundinacea 395 chalcophaea 395 cyllenica 395 drymeja 394 gigantea 394 jeanpertii 395 lazislanica 395 pratensis 395 punetoria 395 scleropliyila 394 valesiaca 395 Fibigia eriocarpa 105 macrocarpa 106 suffruticosa 105 Ficaria verna agg. — Ranunculus ficaria 286 Ficus carica 255 Filago arvensis = Logfia a. 35 eriocepliala 35 gallica = Logfia g. 35 pyramidata 35 Filipendula ulmaria 290 vulgaris 291 Foeniculum vulgare 20 Fontanesia philliraeoides 256 Fragaria vesca 294 viridis 294 Frangula alnus 288 Frankenia hirsuta 212 pulverulenta 212 Fraxinus angustifolia 256 excelsior 256 omits 256 Fritillaria acmopetala 360 al/redae 360 aurea 360 caucasica 360 crassifolia 359 imperialis 359 latakiensis 360 latifolia 359 minuia 359 persica 359 pinardii 360 pontica 360 sibthorpiana 360 Fumana aciphylla 153 urabica 153 procumbens 153 thymifolia 153 Fumaria asepala 265 capreolata 265 densifiora 265 judaica 264 kralikii 265 macrocarpa 265 officinalis 265 parviflora 265 petteri ssp. thureltii = F. thurettii 265 rostellata 265 schleichen 265 vaillantii 265 Gagea bithynica 361 bohemica 362 chrysanlhu 361 confusa 361 fibrosa 361 fistulosa 362 foliosa 362 gageoides 361 graeca 361 granatellii 362 peduncularis 362 pratensis 361 reticulata 361 laurica 361 villosa 362 Galanthus elwesii 341 nivalis 341 plicatus 341 Galega officinalis 176 Galeobdolon luteum 231 Galeopsis bifida 231 ladanum 231 Galinsoga parviflora 31 Galium adhaerens 304 aparine 304 boreale 302 bracteatum 304 brevifolium 304 canum 303 floribundum 304 humifusum 303 incanum 303 lucidum 304 margaceum 303 odoratum 302 olympicum 303 palustre 303 paschale 303 rotundifolium 302 setaceum 304 spurium 304 subuliferuin 303 tricornutuin 304 uliginosum 303 verum 303 Gastridium phleoides 392 Gaudinia fragilis 390 Gaudiniopsis macra 390 Genista acanthoclada 174 aibida 175 aucheri 174 carinalis 174 involucrata 174 lydia 175 sandrasica 175 sessilifolia 174 tinctoria 175 Gentiana asclepiadea 213 brachyphylla 213 cruciata 213 lutea 213 nivalis 213 olivieri 213 pyrenaica 213 septemfida 213 umbellata 213 verna 2/3 GenHanella caucasea 212 ciliata = Gentianopsis c. 213 Gentianopsis ciliata 213 Geranium asphodeloides 217 cinereum 217 coUinum 218 columbinum 216 dissectum 216 gracile 217 ibericum 217 kurdicum 217 lasiopus 216 lucidum 216 macrorhizum 216 molle 216 palustre 218 platypetalum 218 pratense 218 psilostemon 217 purpureum 216 pusilluin 217 pyrenaicum 2/7 robertianum 216 rotundifolium 216 sanguineum 217 sibiricum 406 syivaticum 218 tuberosum 217 Geropogon hybridus 70 Geum coccineum 294 riva/e 294 urbanum 294 Gladiolus anatolicus 348 antakiensis 348 atroviolaceus 348 halophilus 348 illyricus 348 italicus 348 kotschyanus 348 Glaucium acutidenlatum 261 cappadocicum 261 corniculatum 261 flavum 261 grandiflorum 261 leiocarpum 261 Glaux maritima 275 Glechoma hederacea 237 Globularia alypttm 218 cordifolia 218 orientalis 218 trichosantha 218 Glyceria plicata 398 Glycirrhiza flavescens 185 glabra 185 Gnaphalium luteo-album 35 stewartii 34 supinum 34 syivaticum 35 Gonocytisus angulatus 174 Goody era repens 365 Gossypium hirsulum 254 Grammosciadium confertum 15 cornutum 15 daucoides 15 Gratiola officinalis 321 Groenlandia densa 371 Gundelia tournefortii 49 Gymnadenia conopsea 366 Gymnocarpium dryopteris 6 Gynandiris sisyrhynchium 345 Gypsophila adenophylla 140 aucheri 140 briquetiana 140 curvifolia 141 elegans 139 eriocalyx 141 glomerata 139 heteropoda 139 hispida 141 leucochlaena 140 muralis 139 nabelekii 140 oblanceolata 141 pallida 141 paniculata 140 parva 139 perfoliata 140 pi I osa 139 polyclada 141 pulvinaris 140 ruscifolia 141 sphaerocephala 139 venusta 141 viscosa 139 Habrosia spimdiflora 148 Halanthium rarifolium 152 rose u m 152 Halimione portulacoides 150 Halocnemum strobilaceum 151 Haplophyllum buxbaumii 305 myrtifolium 306 suaveolens 306 telephioides 306 thesioides 306 Hedera helix 29 Hedypnois cretica 72 Hedysarum candidissimum 208 cappadocicum 207 elegans 208 erythroleucum 208 hedysaroides 207 pestalozzae 207 pogonocarpum 208 spinosissimum 207 vanense 207 varium 207 (28) Heldreichia bupleurifolia 100 rotundifolia 100 Helianthemum aegyptiacum 153 canum 153 ledifolium 153 nummularium 153 salicifolium 153 stipulation 154 Helichrysum arenarium 34 armenium 34 chionopliilum 34 graveolens 34 noeanum 34 Orientale 34 pallasii 34 pamphylicitm 33 plication 34 stoechas 34 Helictotrichon convolutum 390 pubescens 390 versicolor 390 Heliotropium curassavicum 81 europaeum 81 greuteri 80 hirsutissimuni 81 lasiocarpum 80 suaveolens 81 Helleborus orientalis 277 vesicarius 277 Helminthotheca echioides 71 Hemerocallis fiilva 362 Heptaptera anatotica 21 anisoptera 21 triquetra 21 Heracleum crenatifolium 25 pastinacifolium 25 platytaenium 25 sphondyliiim 25 trachytoma 25 Herniaria argaea 406 glabra 147 hirsuta 147 incana 147 Hesperts bicuspidata 114 campicarpa 115 cappadocica 114 kotschyi 115 matronal is 115 persica 115 pulmonarioides 115 schischkinii 115 stellata 115 transcaucasica 114 Heteranthelium piliferum 386 Heterocaryum szovitsianum 81 Hibiscus trionum 252 Hieracium miirorum 73 pannosum 73 prenanthoides 74 racemosum 73 sabaudum 73 sparsuin 73 iimbellatum 73 vagitm 74 Himantoglossum hircinum agg. 368 Hippocrepis ciliata 207 unisiliquosa 207 Hippomarathrwn crista turn 21 Hippophae rhamnoides 165 Hippuris vulgaris 219 Hirschfeldia incana 95 Holcus ianatux 391 Holosteum marginatum 134 iimbellatum 134 Hordelvmus europaeus 387 Horde urn bidbosiun 387 marintun 387 murinum 387 violaceum 387 Hottonia palustris 274 Huetia cynapioides 18 Humulus lupulits 126 Huperzia selago 1 Hutchinsia petraea 104 H yacinthella heldreichii 359 siirtensis 358 Hyacinthus orientalis 358 Hydrocharis morsus-ranae 343 Hymenocarpus circinnatus 205 Hvmenolobits procumbens 103 Hyoscyamus albus 331 aureus 331 niger 331 pusillus 331 reticulatus 331 IIyoseris radiaia 67 scabra 67 Hyparrhenia liirta 403 Hvpecotati dimidiatum 263 pendulum 263 procumbens 263 pseudograndiflorum 263 torulosum 263 Hypericum androsaemum 219 armenum 221 atomarium 222 aviculariifolium 223 bilhynicion 222 calycinum 219 capitation 220 cerastioides 222 confertum 221 crenulatum 221 empetrifolium 221 heterophyllum 220 hircinum 219 hirsutum 221 hyssopifolium 221 lanuginosum 222 linarioides 221 lydium 221 montunion 222 montbretii 222 olympicum 222 orientate 222 origanifoliitm 223 pollens 220 perfoliatum 222 perforatum 223 pruinatum 221 retusum 220 rupestre 220 russeggeri 220 salsugineum 223 scabrum 221 spectabile 220 ternatum 220 tetrapterum 223 thymopsis 220 triquetrifolium 223 venustum 221 xylosteifolium 220 Hypochoeris achyrophorus 71 glabra 70 radicata 70 Hyssopus officinalis 238 Ibens acutiloba 99 carica 99 sempervirens 99 spruner i 100 taurica 99 Ilex colchica 28 Impatiens noli-tangere 79 Imperata cylindrica 402 Inula acaulis 32 anatolica 33 aucherana 32 britannica 32 conyzae = I. vulgaris 32 crithmoides 33 ensifolia 31 germanica 32 graveolens 33 helenium 32 heterolepis 32 inuloides 31 montbretiana 33 oculus-chrisli 32 orientalis 32 peacockiana 31 salicina 31 thapsoides 32 viscidula 32 viscosa 33 I pomea stolonifera 156 Iris caucasica 345 germanica 344 histrio 345 orientalis 344 persica 345 pseudacorus 344 purpureobracteata 345 sari 345 schachtii 345 Sibirien 344 sintenisii 344 sprengeri 344 spuria 344 stenophylla 345 suaveolens 344 taochia 344 unguicularis 344 Isatis aucheri 98 buschiana 99 cappadocica 99 floribunda 98 glauca 99 spectabilis 98 tinctoria 98 undulata 98 Isatis takhtajanii 99 Isoetes hystrix 1 Isolepis cernua 375 Ixiolirion taturiewn 342 J as io ne heldreichii 126 supina 126 Jasminum fruticans 256 Juglans regia 223 Juncellus pannonicus 374 Juncus acutus 382 alpigenus 383 alpinus 383 anatolicus 383 articulatus 383 bufonius 382 bulbosus 383 compressus 382 conglomeratus 382 effusus 382 filiformis 382 fontanesi 383 gerardii 382 heldreichianus 382 inflexus 382 maritimus 382 subnodulosus 383 subulatus 382 tenuis 383 Juniperus communis ssp alpina 7 communis ssp. alpina = J. nana 9 drupacea 7, 9 excelsa 7, 9 foetidissima 7 oxycedrus 7 Phoenicia 7, 9 sabina 7, 9 Jurinea alpigena 55 consanguinea 55 kilaea 55 mollis 56 Jurinella moschus 55 Kickxia commutata 321 elatine 321 spuria 321 Knautia degenii 162 drymeia 162 integrifolia 162 involucrata 162 orientalis 162 Kobresia simpliciuscula 375 Kochia prostrata 151 scoparia 151 Koeleria cristata 391 eriostachya 391 nitidula 391 Krascheninnikovia ceratoides 150 Lactuca intricata 75 saligna 75 serriola 75 Lagoecia cuminoides 14 Laeotis stolonifera 327 Lagurus ovatus 392 Lalleinantia canescens 237 iberica 238 peltata 238 Lamarckia aurea 398 Lamiastrum galeobdolon -Galeobdolon luteum 231 Lamium album 230 aleppicum 229 amplexicaule 230 armenum 229 cariense 229 crinituni 230 cymbalariifolium 229 eriocephalum 229 galactophyllum 230 gurganicum 229 macrodon 230 maculatum 230 moschatum 230 purpureum 230 tomentosum 229 truncalum 230 Lamyropsis cynaroides 54 Lappula barbata 81 squarrosa 81 Lapsana communis 76 Laser trilobum 26 Laserpitium hispidum 27 Lathraea squamaria 329 Lathyrus annuus 192 aphaca 193 aureus 189 blepharicarpus 192 boissieri 190 brachypterus 190 chrysanthus 192 cicera 192 clymenium 192 cyaneus 190 czeczoltianus 190 digitutus 190 gorgoni 192 hirsutus 192 inconspicuus 191 incurvus 190 karsianus 189 laxiflorus 191 niger 189 nissolia 192 ochrus 193 palustris 189 pratensis 191 roseus 191 rotuiidifolius 191 satdaghensis 190 sativus 192 setifolius 191 spathulatus 190 sphaericus 191 stenophyllus 192 tuberosus 191 tukhtensis 190 undulatus 191 venetus 189 vermis 189 Laurocerasus officinalis 289 Laurus nobilis 248 Lavandula stoechas 225 Lavatera arborea 253 cretica 253 punctata 253 thuringiaca 253 Lecokia cretica 20 Leersia oryzoides 384 Legousia falcata 124 hybrida 125 pentagonia 125 speculum-veneris 125 Lemna gibba 248 minor 248 trisulca 248 Lens orientalis 189 Leontice leontopetalum 79 Leontodon asperrimus 71 crispus 71 hispidus 71 oxylepi 71 tuberosus 71 Leonurus cardiaca 231 Lepidium caespitosum 97 campestre 97 cartilagineum ssp crassifolium 97 grarninifolium 97 latifolium 97 perfoliatum 98 ruderale 97 sativum 97 spinosum 98 vesicarium 98 virginicum 97 Leucanthemum vulgare 44 Lcucojum (30) aestivum 341 Le vimis racemosus 387 Lisustrum vulgare 256 Lilium carniolicum 359 ciliatum 359 martagon 359 monadelphum 359 Limodorum abortivum 365 Limonium angustifolium 26S globoliferum 268 gmelinii 268 liliacinum 268 sinuatum 268 virgatum 268 Limosella aquatica 321 Linaria chalepensis 320 corifolia 321 genistifolia 320 grandiflora 320 iconia 321 kurdica 320 micrantha 320 odora 320 pelisseriana 321 pyramidata 320 Simplex 320 vulgaris 320 Linum aretioides 250 austriacum 250 bienne 251 boissieri 249 catharlicum 251 ßavutn 250 hirsutum 250 hypericifolium 250 meletonis 251 mucronatum 249 nervosum 250 nodißorum. 250 obtusatum 250 olympicum 250 strictum 250 tauricum 249 tenuifolium 251 triflorum 249 trigynum 250 Liquidambar (mentalis 219 Lisaea heterocarpa 27 Listera cordata 365 ovata 365 Lithodora hispidula 84 Lithospermum officinale 84 purpurocaeruleum 84 Loflfia arvensis 35 gallica 35 Lolium multiflorum 396 perenne 395 rigidum 395 Lomatoeonium carinthicaum 214 Lonicera caprifoliuin 127 caucasica 127 etrusca 128 impJexa 127 nummulariifolia 127 xylosteum 127 Lorant Ii us europaeus 251 Lotononis genistoides 176 Lotus aegaeus 205 conimbrieensis 204 corniculatus 204 cytisoides 204 edulis 204 gebelia 205 halophilus 204 ornithopodioides 204 strict us 205 Ludwigia palustris 256 Luyinus albus 176 angustifolius 176 hispanicus 176 varius 176 Luzula campestris 384 forsten 383 luzulina 383 luzuloides 384 multiflora 384 spicata 384 sylvatica 383 Lychnis coronaria 147 vi scar ia 147 Lycium anatolicum 330 barbarům 330 chinense 330 ruthenicum 331 Lycopodiella inundata 1 Lycopodium alpinum 2 clava t um 2 tristacliyum = L. complanatum ssp. chamaecyparissias 2 Lycopus europaeus 242 Lysimachia atropurpurea 276 linum-stellatum 275 nummularia 275 punctata 276 verticillaris 276 vulgaris 276 Ly thrum hyssopifolia 251 junceum 251 porlula 251 salicaria 251 virgatum 251 Malahaila lasiocarpa 25 secacul 25 Malcolmia africana 115 chia 115 flexuosa 115 Malope malacoides 252 Malus sylvestris 299 Malva cretica 252 moschata 252 neglecta 252 nicaeensis 252 parviflora 252 pusilla 252 sylvestris 252 Malvella sherardiana 252 Mandragora autumnalis 331 Mantisalca salmantka 56 Maresia nana 116 Marrubium astracanicum 232 bourgaei 232 cephalanthum 232 globosum 232 parviflorum 232 peregrinum 232 persicum 232 trachyticum 232 vulgare 232 Marsilea quadrifolia 2 Matricaria chamomilla 46 matricarioides 46 Matteuccia struthiopteris 5 Matthiola fruticulosa 114 incana 114 longipetala 114 montana 114 sinuata 114 tricuspidata 114 Medicago arabica 203 coronata 202 disciformis 202 falcata 202 intertexta 203 littoralis 203 lupulina 202 marina 203 minima 202 murex 203 noeana 202 orbicularis 202 polymorpha 202 radiata 201 rigidula 203 sativa 202 scutellata 202 truncatula 203 Melamyyrum arvense 327 er ist a tum 327 pratense 327 Melica eiliata 398 eligulata 398 minuta 398 penicillaris 398 persica 398 uniflora 398 Melilotus alba 199 indica 199 italica 199 messanensis 199 neapolitana 199 officinalis 199 sulcata 199 Melissa officinalis 236 Melittis melissophyllum 227 Mentha aquatica 242 arvensis 242 longifolia 242 pulegium 242 suaveolens 242 Menyanthes trifoliata 214 Mercurialis annua 167 ovata 167 perennis 167 Merendera kurdica 362 trigyna 362 Meseinbryanthemum nodißorum 11 Mespilus germanica 297 Mibora minima 399 Michauxia campanuloides 124 laevigata 124 Micromeria cremnophila 240 cristata 240 elliptica 240 graeca 240 juliana 240 myrtifolia 240 nervosa 240 Milium effusum 392 vernale 392 Minuartia aizoides 128 anatolica 129 circassica 129 corymbulosa 129 deeipiens 128 erythrosepala 128 lürsuta 129 hybrida 128 intermedia 128 juniperina 129 leueoeephala 129 mediterranen 128 mesogitana 128 micrantha 129 picta 128 recurva 129 sclerantha 128 venia 129 Misopates orontium 320 Moehringia trinervia 131 Moenchia mantica 134 Molinia caerulea agg 399 Moltkia aurea 86 coerulea 86 Moneses uniflora 167 Monotropa hypopitys 167 Morina persica 255 Morus alba 255 nigra 255 Mulgedium tataricum 75 Muscari armeniacum 357 aucheri 357 bourgaei 357 caucasicum 357 coeleste 358 comosum 357 longipes 357 muscarimini 357 neglectum 357 parviflorum 358 sandrasicum 358 tenuiflorum 357 weissii 357 Myagrum perfoliatum 104 Mycelis muralis 75 Myosotis alpestris 82 arvensis 82 cadmaea 82 discolor 82 incrassata 81 litliospermifolia 82 olympica 82 propinqua 82 rumosissima 82 refi-acta 82 speluncicola 82 stricta 82 sylvatica 82 Myosoton aquaticum 132 Myosurus minimus 287 Myricaria germanica 332 Myriophyllum spicatutn 219 verticillatum 219 Myrtus communis 255 Najas marina 255 minor 255 Narcissus tazetta 341 Nardus stricta 398 Nasturtium officinale 111 Neatostema apulum 85 N ectaroscordum siculum 354 Neotinea maculata 368 Neottia nidus-avis 366 Neyeta betonicifolia 237 cadmea 236 cataria 236 cilicica 237 congesta 236 ßssa 236 italica 236 macrosiphon 237 nuda 236 racemosa 237 sorgerae 236 stenantha 237 transcaucasica 237 viscida 236 Neyhelochloa orientalis 397 Nerium oleander 28 Neslia apiculata 104 paniculata 104 Nicotiana glauca 332 Nigella arvensis 277 damascena 277 elata 277 oxypetala 277 segetalis 277 Nitraria schoben 340 Noaea mucronata 152 Nonea caspica 91 macrantha 92 macrosperma 92 melanocurpa 91 obtusifolia 92 pulla 92 pulmonarioides 405 stenosolen 92 ventricosa 92 versicolor 92 Notobasis syriaca 54 Nuyhar lutea 255 Nymyhaea alba 255 Nymphoides pel lata 214 Ochthodium aegyptiacum 104 Odontites aucheri 328 lutea 328 venia 328 Oenanthe aquatica 19 pimpinelloides 19 silaifolia 19 Oenothera biennis 256 glazioviana 257 Oha europaea 256 Oligochaeta divaricata 56 Omphalodes cappadocica 83 luciliae 83 Onobrychis aequidentata 208 argyrea 208 armena 209 utropatana 208 caput-galli 208 cornuta 208 galegifolia 209 gracilis 209 lasiostaehya 209 montana 209 oxydonta 209 stenostaehya 209 sulphurea 209 tournefortii 209 transcaucasica 209 vieiifolia s.lat. 209 Ononis adenotricha 193 (32) arvensis 194 biflora 194 nati ix 193 pubescens 193 pusilla 193 reclinata 194 serrula 194 spinosa 194 variegata 194 viscosa 193 Onopordum acanthium 51 anatolicum 51 unnemim 50 boissieri 51 bracteatum 52 candidum 50 carduchorum 51 caricum 52 Ulyricum 51 myriucantum 52 polycephalum 51 sihthorpianum 51 taiiricum 51 turcicum 51 Onosina albo-roseum 88 araraticum 87 aucherianum 88 bornmuelleri 88 bracteosum 87 cassium 86 frutescens 86 giganteum 88 halophilum 87 lieterophyllum 88 isauricum 88 mirabilis 86 molle 88 nemoricolum 87 polioxanthum 87 polyanthum 87 proballantherum 87 rostellatum 86 roussaei 88 ntiilum 86 sericeum 86 rauricum 87 tenuißorum 86 thracicum 87 Ophioglossum lusitanicum 2 vulgatum 2 Ophrys apifera 366 bombyliflora 366 bornmuelleri 366 bucephala 366 cinereophila 367 ferrum-equinum 367 holoserica 367 tricolor = O. fusca ssp. tricolor 367 lutea agg. 367 niammosa = O. sphegodes ssp. niammosa 366 oestrifera = O. scolopax ssp. cornuta 366 omegaifera = 0. fusca ssp. omegaifera 367 spheculum — O. vemixia 367 tenthredinifera 367 umbilicata 366 Opopanax hispidus 24 Opuntia humifusa 119 Orchis anatolica 370 caucasica 369 collina 370 coriophora 369 fragrans = O. coriophora ssp. fragrans 369 italica 369 lac tea 369 laxifloru 370 mascula 370 morio 369 pallens 370 palustris 370 papilionacea 370 provincialis 370 pseudolaxiflora 370 punctulata 369 purpurea 369 sanctu 368 simia 369 spitzelii 370 tridentata 369 Origanum laevigatum 238 majorana 238 munzurense 238 onites 238 sipyleum 238 vulgare 239 Orlaya grandiflora 28 Ornithosalum arcuatum 356 armeniacum 356 comosum 356 cydni 356 fimbriatum 356 montanum 357 nivale 356 nutans 356 oligophyllum 356 ponticum 355 sibthorpii = O. sigmoideum 356 sorgerae = O. narbonense Fl. Turkey p.p. 355 sphaerocarpum = O. pyrenaicum ssp. sphaerocarpum 355 Ornithopus compressus 207 Orobanche alba 259 anatolica 260 arenaria 258 caesia 258 caryophyllacea 259 caucasica 259 cilicica 258 crenata 259 elatior 260 fuliginosa 259 gracilis 260 grisebachii 259 hederae 259 heldreichii 259 kurdica 260 lavandulacea 258 lutea 259 minor 259 mutelii 258 nana 258 pubescens 259 purpurea 258 ramosa 258 rechingeri 259 sanguinea 260 schulzii 258 Orthilia secunda 166 Orthurus heterocarpus 295 Osmunda re gal is 2 Ostrya carpinifolia 80 Osyris alba 309 Otanthus maritimus 44 Oxalis acetosella 260 articulata 260 corniculata 260 pes-caprae 260 Oxyria digyna 271 Oxytropis albanu 406 karjaginii 185 lazica 184 persica 185 pilosa 185 savellanica 185 Padus avium 289 Paeonia mascula 260 Paliurus spina-cristi 288 Pallenis spinosa 31 Pancratium maritimum 341 Panderia pilosa 151 Panicům miliaceum 401 repens 401 Papaver albiflorum = P. dubium ssp. lecoquii var. albiflorum 262 arenarium 262 argemone 262 armeniacum 262 commutation 262 dubium 262 fugax 262 hybridům 262 lacerum 262 lateritium 261 pilosum ssp. pilosum = P. apokrinomenon 261 pilosum ssp. spicatum = P. spicatum 261 pseudo-orientale 261 rhoeas 262 somniferum 262 stylutum 262 tauricola 261 Paracaryum aucheri 83 calycinuin 83 cristatum 83 lithospermifolium 83 paphlagonicum 83 racemosum 83 Parentucellia latifolia 328 viscosa 328 Parietaria cretica 335 judaica 335 lusilanica 335 officinalis 335 Parlatoria cakiloidea 118 Parnassia palustris 266 Paronychia argentea 148 chionaea 148 Paspalum dilatatum 401 paspalodes 401 Pastinaca armena 25, 403 sativa 25 Pedicularis atropurpurea 328 cadmea 328 caucasica 329 comosa 329 condensata 328 nordmanniana 329 pontica 329 Peeanum harmala 340 Pelargonium endlicherianum 218 Peltaria ungustifolia 105 Peltariopsis plansiliqua 105 Pennisetum Orientale 402 Periploca graeca 30 Petasites albus 39 hybridus 39 Petrorhagia alpina 138 cretica 138 dubia = P. velutina 138 protifera 138 saxifraga 138 Peucedanum obtusifolium 25 Phacelurus digitatus 403 Phagnalon graecum 33 rupestre 33 Phalaris arundinacea 392 canariensis 393 coerulescens 393 Phegopteris. conneclilis — Thelypteris phegopteris 6 Phelypaea tournefortii 407 Phillyrea latifolia 256 Phleum alpinum 394 exaratum 394 montanum 394 phleoides 394 pratense 394 subulatum 394 Phlomis armeniaca 228 brugueri 229 curica 228 fruticosa 227 grandiflora 227 kurdica 228 lanceolata 228 leucophracta 228 linearis 228 longifolia 228 lunar iifolia 227 lycica 228 nissolii 229 pungens 227 rigida 227 russeliana 228 samia 227 sieheana 228 syriaca 229 tuberosa 227 Phoenix theophrastii 343 Phragmites australis 400 Phyla canescens 337 Phyllitis scolopendrium 5 Phy salts alkekengi 330 Physospermum cornubiense 20 Phytolacca americana 266 pruinosa 266 Picea orientalis 8 Picnomon acarna 54 Picris altissima 71 cyprica 72 hieracioides 71 pauciflora 72 strigosa 71 Pilosella cymosa 74 echioides 74 hoppeana 74 verruculata 74 Pimpinella cappadocica 18 corymbosa 18 flabellifolia 18 kotschyana 18 peregrina 18 rhodantha 18 saxifraga 18 tragi urn 18 Pinguicula balcanica 249 crystallina 249 Pinus brutia 8, 9 nigra 8, 9 pinaster 8, 9 pine a 8. 9 sylvestris 8, 9 Piptatherum coerulescens 399 holciforme 399 miliaceum 399 virescens 399 Pistacia atlantica 12 eurycarpa 12 khinjuk 12 lentiscus 12 terebinth us 12 vera 12 Pisum fulvum 193 sativum 193 Plantago afra 267 albicans 267 amplexicaulis 267 argentea 267 utrata 266 bellardii 267 coronopus 266 crassifolia 266 cretica 267 euphratica 267 gentianoides 266 holosteum 266 lagopus 267 lanceolata 267 major 266 maritima 266 media 266 scabra 267 sempervirens 268 squarrosa 267 Platanthera bifolia 365 chlorantha 365 Platanus orientalis 268 Plumbago europaea 268 Poa annua 396 infirma 396 longifolia 396 timoleontis 396 Podocvtisus caramanicus 175 Polemonium caerulcum 269 Polycarpon tetraphyllum 135 Polycnemum majus 149 Polygala alpestris 270 anatolica 270 comosa 270 hohenackeriana 269 major 270 papilionacea 270 pruinosa 270 supina 270 vulgaris 270 Polygonatum multiflorum 349 verticillatum 349 Polygonům alpinum 271 amphibium 271 arenastrum 272 aviculare 272 bistorta 271 cognatum 271 convolvulus 272 equisetiforme 272 hydropiper 271 lapathifolium 271 mařitimum 272 minus 271 persicuria 271 Polypodium australe 5 vulgare 5 Polypogon monspeliensis 392 viridis 392 Polystichum aculeatum 5 braunii 5 lonchitis 6 setiferum 5 Populus (34) alba 306 euphratica 306 nigra 306 tremula 306 Portulaca oleracea 273 Posidonia oceanica 371 Potamoeeton berchtoldii 372 crisp us 372 lucens 372 natans 372 nodosus 372 pectinatus 372 per/oliatus 372 Potentilla adscharica 293 aladaghensis 293 anatolica 292 anserina 292 argaea 292 argentea 292 aurea 293 bifurca 291 calabra 292 cappadocica 293 cranlzii 293 delommasii 292 elatior 294 erecta 293 fruticosa 291 geranioides 293 inclinata 292 kotschyana 292 micrantha 294 palustris 292 pulvinaris 293 recta 292 rep tans 294 rupestris 292 ruprechtii 293 speciosa 294 supina 293 tauricola 292 umbrosa 293 Prangos ferulacea 20 meliocarpoides 21 pabularia 20 platychlaena 21 Prasium majus 226 Prenanthes cacaliifolia 74 purpurea 74 Primula algida 274 auriculata 274 elatior 274 longipes 274 veris 274 vulgaris 274 Prosopis farcta 254 Prunella laciniata 238 vulgaris 238 Prunus divaricata 289 laurocerasus = Laurocerasus officinalis 289 mahaleb = Cerasus m. 289 padus = Padus avium 289 spinosa 289 xdomestica 289 Psathvrostachvs fragilis 387 Pseudolysimachion longifolium 322 orchideum 322 Pseudorlava pumilu 28 Psoralea bituminosa 185 Psychrogeton nigromontanus 36 Pteridium aquilinum 6 Pteris cretica 6 vittata 6 Pterocevhalus kur die us 164 pinardii 164 plumosus 164 pyrethrifolius 164 strictus 164 szovitsii 164 Ptilostemon afer 54 chamaepeuce 54 Puccinellia bulbosa 397 convoluta 397 distans 397 gigantea 397 grossheimiana 397 koeieana 397 Pulicaria dysenterica 33 vulgaris 33 Punica granátům 276 Puschkinia scilloides 355 Putoria calabrica 300 Pycreus ßavescens 374 Pyracantha coccinea 298 Pyrola chlor ant ha 166 minor 166 rotundifolia 166 Pyrus amygdaliformis 300 bulgarica 300 eleagnifolia 299 hakkiarica 300 syriaca 299 Quercus aucheri 211 brantii 210 cerris 211 cocci/era 211 frainetto 211 ilex 211 infectoria 211 llbani 211 petraea 211 pubescens 212 robur 212 trojana 211 vulcanica 212 Ranunculus argyreus 283 arvensis 285 asiaticus 285 aucheri 284 brachylobus 282 brevifolius 281 hrutius 282 buhsei 282 bulbilliferus 284 bulbosus 283 cadmicus 284 cappadocicus 281 chius 285 constantinopolitanus 282 crateris 282 cuneatus 284 damascenus 283 demissus 281 dissectus 281 diversifolius 282 fenzlii 282 fibrillosus 282 ficaria 286 ficarioides 286 flammula 286 gracilis 284 grandiflorus 283 heterorhizus 284 illyricus 284 isthmicus 284 kochii 286 lateriflorus 286 lingua 286 macrorhynchus 285 marginalus 285 millefoliatus 285 millefolius 285 muricatus 285 myosuroides 284 neapolitanus 282 ophioglossifolius 286 oreophilus 282 oxyspermus 284 paludosus 283 pedatus 284 peltatus 287 polyanthemos 282 polyrhizos 283 repens 283 reuterianus 283 rumelicus 283 sartorianus 282 scandicinus 285 sceleratus 285 sericeus 281 sphaerospermus 286 sprunerianus 284 strigulosus 286 trichophyllus 287 Raphanus raphanistrum 95 Rapistrum rugosum 97 Reaumuria alternifolia 332 Reichardia glauca 72 picroides 72 Reseda alba 288 inodora 288 lutea 288 luteola 288 phyteuma 288 tomentosa 288 Rhagadiolus angulosus 72 stellatus 72 Rhamnus ataternus 289 catharticus 288 fallax 289 kurdicus 289 oleoides 289 orbiculatus 289 canina 297 pallasii 289 foetida 296 pichleri 289 gallica 296 pyrellus 289 heckeliana 297 thymifolius 289 hemisphaerica 296 Rheum horrida 297 ribes 271 iberica 297 Rhinanthus jundzillii 297 serotinus = R. Phoenicia 296 angustifolius ssp. pimpinellifolia 296 grandiflorus 329 pisiformis 296 Rhododendron pulverulenta 297 caucasicutn 165 sempervirens 295 luteum 165 siculu 297 pontic um 165 villosa 296 ungernii 165 Rosmarinus Rhus officinalis 225 coriaria 12 Rostraria Rhvnchocorvs berythea 390,391 elephas 329 cristata 390,391 orientalis 329 Rosularia stricta 329 Rhynchospora alba 376 Ribes alpinum 219 anatolica 218 biebersteinii 219 Orientale 219 uva-crispa 219 Ricinus communis 167 Ricotia aucheri 105 carnosula 105 sinuata 105 Rindera caespitosa 83 lanata 83 Robinia pseudacacia 176 Rochelia disperma 81 Roemeria hybrida 260 Romulea bulbocodium 347 linaresii 347 ramiflora 347 Rorippa amphibia 111 aurea 112 austriaca 112 palustris 112 sylvestre 112 thracica 112 Rosa arvensis 296 aizoon 157 chrysantha 157 globulariifolia 157 hausknechtii 157 libanotica 157 radiciflora 157 rechingeri 157 Rubia davisiana 305 peregrina 305 tenuifolia 305 tinctorum 305 Rubus caesius 291 canescens 291 caucasicus 291 discolor 291 idaeus 291 sanctus 291 saxatilis 291 tereticaulis 291 Rumex sanguineus 273 scutatus 272 tuberosus 272 Ruscus aculeatus 348 hypoglossum 348 Ruta chalepensis 305 montana 305 Saccharum ravennae 402 Sagina apetala 134 procumbens 134 saginoides 134 Sagittaria sagitfifolia 341 Salicornia prostrata = S. europaea s.l. 151 Salix acmophylla 307 alba 306 amplexicaulis = S. purpurea ssp. amplexicaulis 308 apoda = S. hastata var. apoda 307 armenorossica 307 caprea 307 cinerea 307 elbursensis 307 eleagnos 307 fragilis 307 myrsinifolia = S. nigricans 308 pentandra 308 pseudomedemii 307 triandra 306 wilhelmsiana 307 Salsola kali 151 nitraria 152 aceloseIIa 272 ruthenica = S. kali alpinus 272 rulhenica 152 angustifolius 272 Salvia arifolius = R. alpestris aethiopis 246 272 aramiensis 243 bueepha/ophorus 273 argentea 246 conglomeratus 273 aucheri 243 crispus 272 bracteata 243 dentatus 273 cadmica 245 hydrolapathum 273 caespitosa 244 maritimus 273 candidissima 247 nepalensis 273 ceratophylla 246 obtusifolius 273 cryptantha 245 palustris 273 eyanescens 247 ponticus 272 dichroantha 248 puIcher 273 divaricata 243 euphratica 245 forskahlei 247 frigida 246 fruticosa 243 glutinosa 247 halophila 247 heldreichiana 244 huber i 244 hydrangea 245 hypargeia 246 kronenburgii 245 limbata 247 macrochlamys 243 microstegia 246 modesta 246 montbretii 246 multicaulis 245 napifolia 248 nemorosa 248 nutans 248 paehystaehys 244 palaestina 246 pilifera 243 pinnata 243 pocidata 247 pomifera 244 potentillifolia 244 rosifolia 244 sclarea 246 serieeo-tomentosa 245 spinosa 245 staminea 247 suffruticosa 244 syriaca 245 tchihatcheffii 244 tomentosa 243 trichoclada 243 verbenacea 248 verticillata 248 virgata 247 viridis 245 yosgadensis 246 Salvinia natans 6 Sambucus ebulus 127 nigra 127 Samolus valerandi 276 Sanguisorba armena 295 minor 295 officinalis 295 Sanicula europaea 13 Saponaria chlorifolia 138 glutinosa 139 kotschvi 138 (36) officinalis 139 prostrata 138 pumilio 139 Sarcopoterium spinosum 295 Satureia hortensis 239 thymbra 239 Saxifraea adscendens 310 cymbalaria 310 exarata 310 hederacea 310 juniperifolia 309 koischyi 310 luteoviridis 309 moschata 310 panicidala 309 rotundifolia 310 sempervivum 309 sibirica 310 tridactylites 310 Scabiosa argentea 163 atropurpurea 163 calocephala 163 canescens 163 caucasica 406 columbaria 163 hispidula 164 micrantha 163 prolifera 162 pseudograminifolia 164 reuteriana 163 roiala 163 sulphurea 163 triniifolia 163 Scaligera napiformis 17 tripartita 17 Scandix aucheri 16 australis 16 iberica 16 pecten-veneris 16 stellata 16 Scariola orientalis 75 viminea 75 Schismus barbatus 400 Schoenoplectus lacustris 375 Schoenus nigricans 375 Scilla armena = S. siberica ssp. armena 355 autumnal is 355 bifolia 355 bithynica 355 ingridae 355 monanthos 355 rosenii 355 Scirpoides holoschoenus 375 Scirpus sylvaticus 375 Scleranthus annuus 148 perennis 148 polycarpos 148 uncinatus 148 Sclerochloa dura 397 Scolymus liispanicus 67 maculatus 67 Scorpiurus muricatus 207 Scorzonera cana 68 elaia 68 eriophora 68 hieraciifolia 67 kotschyi 69 laciniata 67 latifolia 69 mollis 68 parviflora 68 phaeopappa 69 pseudolanata 68 rigida 68 sericea 68 sublanata 68 tomentosa 69 Scrophularia canina 319 chrysantha 317 cryptophila 317 depauperata 319 ilwensis 317 lepidota 319 libanotica 318 lucida 319 luridiflora 318 mesopotamica 318 myriophylla 319 nachitsclievanica 318 nodosa 318 olympica 319 orientalis 317 peregrina 318 rimarum 318 scopolii 318 striata 319 umbrosa 318 xanthoglossa 319 Scutellaria albida 226 altissima 226 galericulata 226 hastifolia 226 megalaspis 226 orientalis 226 pontica 226 ruhicunda 226 salviifolia 226 Secale montanum 386 Securigera securidaca 205 Sedum acre 158 album 159 alpestre 158 amplexicaule 158 annuum 159 caespitosum 159 dasyphyllum 159 hispanicum 159 laconicum 158 litoreum 159 magellense 159 maximum = Sedum telephium ssp maximum 158 ohtusifolium 158 pallidum 159 pilosum 157 rubens 159 sartorianum 158 sediforme 158 sempervivoides 157 spurium 158 stoloniferum 158 tenellum 159 tetramerum 159 ursi 158 Selaginella denticuluta 7 helvetica 7 Sempervivum armenum 406 gillianii 160 minus 160 Senecio cariensis 37 doria ssp. umbrosus = S. umbrosus 38 eriospermus 37 erraticus 37 erucifolius 37 fluviatilis = S. sarracenianus 38 hypochionaeus 37 iniegrifolius 38 lorentii 37 mollis 37 nemorensis 38 othonnae 38 paludosus 38 pandurifolius 38 paucilobus 38 platyphylliis 38 pseudo-orientalis 38 racemosus 38 taraxacifolius 38 vernalis 39 viscosus 39 vulgaris 39 Serapias bergonii = .V. vomeracea ssp. laxiflora 368 cordiger a 367 feldwegiana = S. vomeracea ssp. orientalis sensu Davies p.p. 368 tevantina = S. vomeracea ssp. orientalis sensu Davies p.p. 368 politisii - S. parviflora sensu Davies p.p. 368 Serratula cerinthifolia 56 oligocephala 56 radiata 56 tinctoria 56 Sesamum indicum 266 Seseli campe stre 19 libanotis 19 petraeum 19 Seslcria alba 398 phteoides 398 Setaria glauca 402 verticillata 402 viridis 402 Shcrardia arvensis 300 Sibbaldia parviflora 294 Sideritis condensata 233 curvidens 233 lanata 232 libanotica 233 montana 232 romana 233 scardica 406 Silene aegyptacea 146 alba 145 ampullata 144 araratica 142 argaea 405 arguta 145 armena 144 armeria 144 behen 147 brevicaulis 146 bupleuroides 143 capitellata 143 cappadocica 144 caryophylloides 142 chlorifolia 143 colorata 146 compacta 144 conica 146 conoidea 146 cretica 146 delicatula 146 dianthoides 143 dichotoma 147 gallica 147 gigantea 144 grisebachii 146 italica 145 kotschyi 147 lasiantha 143 lazica 145 longipetala 143 lucida 142 macrodonta 146 multifida 145 odontopetala 145 olympica 143 oreades 142 otites 143 papulosa 146 pharnaceifolia 142 pungens 145 rhynchocurpa 145 ruscifolia 145 salsuginea 144 saxatilis 143 sclerophyllu 144 spergulifoliu 144 suhconica 146 supina 145 swertiifolia 143 titnicoides 143 viscosa 145 vulgaris 144 Silybum marianum 52 Sinapis alba 95 arvensis 95 Sisymbrium altissimum 119 irio 118 loeselii 118 officinale 118 orientate 118 Shim sisarum 19 Smilax aspera 348 excelsa 348 Smyrnium connatum 17 cordifolium 17 olusatrum 17 perfoliatum 17 rotundifolium 17 Sobolewskia clavata 118 Solanum alatum 330 cornutum 330 dulcamara 330 eleagnifolium 330 nigrum 330 Solenanthus circinnatus 84 stamineus 84 Solidago virgaurea 35 Sonchus arvensis 73 asper 73 oleraceus 73 palustris 73 tenerrimus 72 Sophora alopecuroides 172 jaubertii 172 Sorbus aucuparia 299 dornestica 299 torminalis 299 umbellata 299 Sorghum halepense 402 Sparganium emersum 372 erect urn 372 minimum 372 Spartium junceum 175 Spergula arvensis 135 Spergularia bocconii 135 diandra 135 maritima = S. media 135 rubra 135 salina = S. marina 135 Sphaerophysa kotschyana 176 Sphenopus divaricatus 396 Spiraea hypericifolia 289 Spiranthes spiralis 365 Spirodela polyrhiza 249 Spodiopogon pogonanthus 402 Sporobolus virginicus 401 Stachys annua 235 atherocalyx 234 balansae 233 bombycina 234 buttleri 234 byzanlina 233 citrina 233 cretica 233 germanica 233 iberica 234 inflatu 235 laetivirens 234 lavandulifolia 235 macrantha 235 macrostachya 235 maritima 235 melampyroides 235 munzurdagensis 234 officinalis 235 palustris 234 pumila 234 recta 234 rupestris 234 saturaeoides 235 spectabilis 233 spinulosa 235 sylvalica 235 thirkei 233 viscosa 234 woronowii 235 Staphylea pinnata 332 Stellaria cilicica 131 graminea 132 holostea 132 kotschyana 132 media 131 nemorum 131 persica 132 Sterigmostemum incanum 116 (37) sulphur eum 116 Sternbergia colchiciflora 341 lutea 342 Stevenieila satyrioides 368 Stipq arabica 399 bromoides 399 capensis 399 capillata 399 holosericea - S.fimtanesii 399 pulcherrima 399 Stratiotes aloides 343 Styrax officinalis 332 Suaeda altissima 151 confusa 151 prostrata = .S". maritima ssp. prostrata 151 Succisa pratensis 162 Swertia iberica 214 longifolia 214 Symphytum aintabicum 89 asperum 89 bornmiilleri 89 brachycalyx 89 bulhosum 89 ibericum 90 kurdicum 90 longipetiolatum 89 Orientale 89 tuberosum 90 Taeniatherum caput-medusae 387 Tamarix gracilis 332 hampeana 332 parviflora 332 smyrnensis 332 tetragyna 332 tetrandra 332 Tamus communis 343 Tanacetum abrotanifolium 46 albipannosum 44 argenteum 46 argyrophyllum 46 armenum 44 aucheranum 44 aucheri 46 (38) balsamita 45 cadmeum 46 cappadocicum 46 chiliophyllum 46 coccineum 44 densum 45 flavovirens 46 heterotomum 45 kotschyi 44 macrophyllum 45 mucroniferwn 44 nitens 46 parthenifolium 45 parthenium 45 poteriifolium 45 praeteritum 45 punctatum 45 sipikorense 45 vulgare 46 Taraxacum bessarabicum 76 bithynicum 76 crepidiforme 76 farinosum 76 gracilens 77 hellenicum 77 montanum 76 officinale 77 scaturiginosum 76 serotinum 76 syriacum 76 Taxus baccata 8 Tchihatchewia isatidea 105 Teesdalia coronopifolia 103 Telekia speciosa 31 Telephium imperati 135 Teline monspessulana 174 Tetragonolobus maritimus 205 purpureas 205 Teucrium alyssifolium 224 brevifolium 225 chamaedrys 225 divaricatum 225 flamm 225 montanum 225 multicaule 224 Orientale 224 parviflorum 225 polium 225 pruinosum 225 sandrasicum 224 scordium 225 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 287 flavum 288 foetidum 287 isopyroides 287 lucidum 288 minus 287 Orientale 287 sultanabadense 287 Thapsia garganica 27 Thelisonum cynocrambe 160 Thelypteris dryopteris = Gymnocarpium d. 6 limbosperma 6 palustris 6 phegopteris 6 The me da triandra 403 Thesium alpinum 308 arvense 308 aureum 308 bergeri 308 billardieri 309 cilicicum 308 divaricatum 308 humile 308 impressum = T. kotschyanum? 309 linophyllon 309 macranthum 309 procumbens 309 stellerioides 308 Thlaspi alliaceum 102 annuum 102 arvense 102 bornmuelleri 102 ceratocarpum 103 cilicicum 102 densiflorum 103 juubertii 102 kurdicum 103 liliacinum 103 ochroleucum 103 perfoliatum 102 praecox 103 sintenisii 103 Thymbra spicata 239 Thymelaea hirsuta 333 passerina 334 tartonraira 333 Thymus brachychilus 241 cariensis 240 cherlerioides 241 cilicicus 240 kotschyanus 241 leticotrichus 241 longicaulis 241 parnassicus 241 praecox 241 revolutus 240 sipyleus 241 striatus 241 transcaucasicus 241 zygioides 241 Tilia argentea 334 platyphyllos 334 rubra 334 Tolpis barbata 67 virgata 67 Tordylium aegaewn 26 uegyptaceuin 26 apulum 26 pustulosum 26 syriacum 26 Torilis arvensis 27 japonica 27 leptophylla 27 nodosa 27 tenella 27 Torularia torulosa 119 Trachelium jacquinii 405 Trachomitum venetum 28 Trachvdium depressum 20 Trachynia distachya 384 Trachystemon orientalis 90 Tragopogon aureus 69 buphthalmoides 69 coloratus 70 dubius 70 latifolius 69 longiroslris 70 pic hier i 70 porrifolius 70 pratensis 69 pterocarpus 70 reticulatus 69 Tragus racemosus 401 Trapa natans 334 Tremastelma palaestimim 162 Tribulus terrestris 340 Trifolium alpestre 197 angustifolium 197 argutum 196 arvense 198 aureum 195 balansae = T. michelianum var. balansae 195 boissieri 195 bulla! urn 196 campestre 195 cherleri 198 cly pea turn 198 constantinopolitanum 198 dubium 195 echinatum 198 fragiferum 196 globosum 199 glomeratum 195 furtum 197 hybridům 194 lappaceum 198 lucanicum 197 medium 197 mesogitanum 195 nigrescens 194 ochroleucum 196 pallidum 197 pannonicum 197 patens 195 pauciflorum 199 physodes 196 pilulare 199 pratense 196 purpureum 198 repens 194 resupinatum 196 rhytidosemium 195 scabrum 197 scut at urn 198 sintenisii 406 sp adice urn 195 speciosum 195 spumosum 196 squamosum 198 stel la turn 197 strictum 196 subterraneum 198 tomentosum 196 trichocephalum 197 uniflorum 194 Trielochin bulbosa 384 maritima 384 palustris 384 Trigonella arenicola 201 astroites 200 aurantiacu 201 coerulescens 200 comiculata 200 cretica 199 fischeriana 201 gladiata 200 halophila 200 kotschyi 200 macrorrhyncha 200 monantha 201 monspeliaca 200 orthoceras 201 spicata 200 spruneriana 201 tenuis 201 velutina 201 Trinia glauca 23 Tripleurosnermum callosum 47 conoclinium 47 decipidns 47 disciforme 47 elongatum 47 fissurale 47 inodorum 47 oreades 47 parviflorum 48 rosellum 48 sevanense 47 Trisetum flavescens 390 Triticum baeoticum 386 Trollius rununculinus 277 Tuberaria guttata 154 Tulipa armena 360 humilis 360 saxatilis 360 sylvestris 360 Turgenia latifolia 27 Turritis glabra III laxa 111 Tussilago farfdra 39 Tvpha angustifolia 373 domingensis 373 latifolia 373 laxmannii 373 minima 373 shuttleworthii 373 Tyrimnus leucographus 55 Ulex europaeus 174 Ulmus glabra 334 laevis 334 minor = U. campestris 334 Umbilicus erectus 156 horizontulis 156 rupestris 156 Urginea maritima 354 Urosvermum picroides 72 Urtica dioica 335 membranacea 335 pilulifera 335 urens 334 Utricularia australis 249 minor 249 vulgaris 249 Vaccaria hispanica 142 Vaccinium arctostaphylos 166 my nil his 166 uliginosum 166 vitis-idaea J 66 Valantia hispida 305 muralis 305 Valeriana alliariifolia 335 alpestris 335 dioscoridis 336 leucophaea 336 officinalis 336 sisymbriifolia 335 tuberosa 336 Valerianella balansae 336 coronata 337 costata 337 dactylophylla 336 discoidea 337 dufresnia 337 echinata 336 locusta 337 muricata 337 obtusiloba 337 orientalis 336 pumila 337 turgida 337 uncinata 336 vesicalia 337 Vallisneria spiralis 343 Vavilovia formosa 193 Velezia rigida 138 Veratrum album 362 Verbascum agrimoniifolium 311 alpigenum 317 armenum 313 aschersonii 314 banaticum 317 bellum 315 bilhynicum 314 hlatlaria 311 bombyciferum 312 bommuellerianum 311 bugulifolium 311 calvum 315 cappadocicum 314 cariense 313 cheiranthifolium 317 chrysochaete 316 chrysorrhacos 312 degenii 314 densiflorum = V. thapsiforme 313 geminiflorum 315 georgicum 312 globiferum 316 glomeratum 316 glomerulosum 3/6 gnaphalodes 314 helianthemoides 311 insulare 316 kastamunicum 317 kotschyi 316 laetum 312 lagurus 312 lasianthum 3/6 leianthum 315 levant hum 311 lydium 314 macrurum 313 mucronatum 315 mykales 316 napifo/ium 313 natolicum 310 nudatum 313 olympicum 315 oreophilum 310 Orientale 311 ovalifolium 312 parviflorum 313 pellIturn 3/3 phlomoides 312 phoeniceum 311 pinardii 313 prusianum 313 purpureum 312 pyenostachyum 315 pyramidatum 312 pyroliforme 310 racemiferum 313 saccatum 312 sinuatum 314 songaricum 316 speciosum 317 splendidum 316 stenocarpum 317 subserratum 312 szovitsianum 314 thapsus 313 tossiense 316 trichostylum 314 tripolitanum 314 urceolatum 315 uschakense 315 varians 314 vulcanicum 315 wiedemannianum 311 xanthophoeniceum 311 Verbena officinalis 338 Veronica anagallis-aquatica 324 anagalloides 324 armena 327 arvensis 323 beccabunga 325 bozakmanii 323 caespitosa 325 campylopoda 323 chamaedrys 325 cinerea 326 cuneifolia 326 cymbalaria 324 clavisii 322 debilis 323 dichrus 326 dillenii 323 filiformis 324 fuhsii 326 gentianoides 322 grisebachii 323 hederifolia 324 jacquinii 325 (40) kotschyana 322 liwanensis 325 macrostachya 326 microcarpa 325 montana 327 montbretii 325 multifida 326 officinalis 327 oltensis 325 orientalis 326 oxycarpa 324 pectinata 326 peduncular is 327' persica 324 polifolia 326 polita 324 praecox 323 scardica 325 scutellata 327 serpyllifolia 323 surculosa 326 syriaca 323 thymoides 325 triloba 324 triphyllos 323 verna 323 Viburnum lantana 127 opulus 127 tinus 127 Vicia alpestris 186 balansae 188 bithynica 189 canescens 186 cassia 186 cracca 186 cretica 187 crocea 186 cuspidata 188 ervilia 187 galilaea 189 grandiflora 188 hirsuta 187 hybrida 188 lathyroides 188 lutea 188 melanops 187 mollis 188 narbonensis 189 noeana 188 palaestina 187 pannonica 188 peregrina 188 pubescens 187 sativa 189 sepium 187 tetrasperma 187 truncatula 187 villosa 187 Vinca herbacea 28 Vincetoxicum canescens 30 fuscatum 30 hirundinaria 30 parviflorum 30 tmoleum 30 Viola alba 338 altaica 339 arvensis 339 canina 338 crassifolia 339 gracilis 339 heldreichiana 339 kitaibelianu 339 modesta 339 occulta 339 odontocalycina 339 odorata 338 reichenbachiana 338 rupestris 338 sandrasea 338 sieheana 338 tricolor 339 Viscum album 251 Vitex agnus-castus 338 Vitis sylvestris 340 Vulpia ciliata 396 fasciculata 396 ligustica 396 myuros 396 Wiedemannia multifida 230 orientalis 230 Withania somnifera 330 Woodsia alpina 6 X ant hium spinosttm 30 strumarium 31 Xanthogalum purpurascens 23 Xeranthemum annuum 66 Ziziphora capitata 242 clinopodioides 242 taurica 242 tenuior 242 Zosima absinthiifolia 26 Zostera marina 373 Zygophyllum album 340 fabago 340