Bohuslav Uher, Kateřina Kintrová, Milan Chytrý, Zdenka Lososová & Zdenka Otýpková uherius@sci.muni.cz Macroecological and environmental patterns of urban algal biodiversity in Central Europe IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Vegetation_white MASARYK UNIVERSITY Faculty of Science Czech Republic Vegetation_white Urban microflora European urban microfloras are at the periphery of scientific interests in phycology… Our question Are species richness, diversity and composition in Central European cities more strongly controlled by habitat, substrata or climatic conditions? Which species of microalgae are diagnostic for assemblages in Central European cities? IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice bez popisu ● Ljubljana ● Linz ● Maribor ● Budapest ● Freiburg ● Utrecht ● Antwerpen ● Bratislava ● Szczecin ● Debrecen ● Brno ●Augsburg ● Halle ● Regensburg ● Köln ● Salzburg ● München ● Krakow ● Groningen ● Amsterodam ● Stuttgart ● Berne ● Praha ● Košice ● Ostrava ● Oldenburg ● Kassel ● Würzburg ● Chemnitz ● Innsbruck ● Hamburg ● Geneve Vegetation_white stredni_evropa_bez_popisu t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 Studied cities IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice bez popisu ● ● ● ● Budapest ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Vegetation_white ● Chemnitz IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice bez popisu ● Ljubljana ● ● ● Budapest ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Halle ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Chemnitz ● ● ● Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice bez popisu ● Ljubljana ● ● ● Budapest ● ● ● ● ● ● Debrecen ● ● ● Halle ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Amsterodam ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Chemnitz ● ● ● Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Vegetation_white Sampling design June–August; 2007–2009 four different urban habitats (cetre - tree bark, park - tree bark, centre - sandstone, park - sandstone) 1 m above the ground presence/absence data species were characterized according to their taxonomy and autecology (7 taxonomic groups) Cultivation Media BBM, Z and bi-phase (water-soil) Statistical analysis CANOCO version 4.5, JUICE IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Habitat Sampling site Detail of substrate Petri dishes Culture Microscopy Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Vegetation_white Centre REG_cen_MG_7334 Centre - bark Centre - sandstone IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Vegetation_white City park IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice City park – bark City park - sandstone RESULTS •Total species richness: 129 taxa •Frequence of species: 0-55 Centre (mean 10), 0-56 Bark (mean 17) •All habitats: min 9 max 53 (mean 28) •Habitat Centre: min 9 max 41 (mean 20) •Habitat Park: min 19 max 53 (mean 35) • Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Vegetation_white Explained variation in species composition climate urban habitat type (substrate+environment) RDA analysis IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice 11.7 9.3 14.9 8.5 11.4 12.1 Trebouxiophyceae all species Klebsormidiophyceae Vegetation_white Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used (substrate+environment) as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice axis 1 Vegetation_white Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice pPCA COVAR=klima(4) species+kombinace axis 1 SPECIES HABITAT OPTIMUM Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice RDA analysis, for species and climate axis 1 SPECIES ENV. VARIABLES Klebsormidium01 Pseudococcomyxa Stichococcus02 Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice RDA analysis, for species and habitat types RDA species+kombinace, 34 druhu, 12% axis 1 SAMPLE OPTIMUM SPECIES RDA Trentepohliophyceae+klima+cities Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice RDA analysis, for Trentepohliophyceae and climate with cities axis 1 CITIES SPECIES ENV. VARIABLES Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice DIAGNOSTIC SPECIES OF URBAN MICROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES (JUICE - Cluster analysis) •Synoptic table with 129 taxa •8 clusters •Interpretable only clusters 6, 7 and 8 •Cluster 6 – Park habitat in eastern part of Central Europe •Cluster 7 – Tree Bark in western part of Central Europe •Cluster 8 – Sandstone in western part of Central Europe Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Continental climate, in Park habitat - Diagnostic species •Pseudococcomyxa adhaerens •Desmococcus olivaceus •Tetracystis excentrica •Xanthonema pascheri •Tetracystis sarcinalis •Chlorella fusca •Neochloris pyrenoidosa Pseudococcomyxa Xanthonema02 Desmococcus03 Pseudococcomyxa Desmococcus Xanthonema Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Oceanic climate in Park on Bark - Diagnostic species •Prasiola sp. •Luticola sp. •Pseudendoclonium printzii •Dilabifilum arthropyreniae •Chamaepinnularia sp. •Botrydiopsis callosa •Spongiochloris sp. •Stichococcus exiguus •Klebsormidium nitens •Mesotaenium chlamydosporum •Phycopeltis sp. Luticola Pseudendoclonium Prasiola Luticola Pseudendoclonium Vegetation_white IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice Oceanic climate, in Park on Sandstone - Diagnostic species •Trentepohlia aurea •Trentepohlia iolithus •Parachlorella kessleri •Botrydiopsis sp. Trentepohlia01 Trentepohlia04 Parachlorella Trentopohlia Trentopohlia Parachlorella Vegetation_white Conclusions • Differences among urban habitats and substrata cause the most important changes in species composition and diversity of urban phycoflora (except class Trentepohliophyceae – climatic conditions) • • The climatic conditions (continentality) are important predictors for significant differences in microalgal assemblages • •Diagnostic species were found only for three interpretable assemblages because of suboceanic gradient across Central Europe IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice IMG_8280 BRN-NAM Vegetation_white Acknowledgements Project was supported by GA AV ČR Thanks for your attention IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice