Lekce 14
ENV012
Chemická bezpečnost a hazardní
materiály
INVESTIGATION OF ALLEGED USE
OF CBRN
Ing. Pavel Častulík, CSc
castulik@recetox.muni.cz
Jaro 2012
Příprava tohoto předmětu je spolufinancována Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky 1
IAU
IAU of CWs
 Investigation of Alleged use of Chemical
Weapons (IAU) is an important aspect of the
Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). An IAU
could either be launched under Article IX, CWC
to address the non compliance concerns
regarding the use of CW or it could be also
initiated consequent to the receipt of a request
for assistance made under Article X of the CWC.
In such a case the investigation is launched to
provide foundation for further action related to
delivery of assistance.
Report IAU
Investigation Quarries and
Evidences
Provide
Information
and Evidences
Investigation
Questions
Collect and
Assess
Information and
Evidences
WHEN?
WHAT?
HOW?
WHO?
WHY?
IAU Exercises
 Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical
Weapons Exercise conducted in Czech Republic
on October 17-21, 1999. This trial was the 1st
historical full fledge field exercise of an
inspection activity as investigation-forensic type
of inspection.
 The 2nd field IAU exercise was conducted with
cooperation of the Poland during June 26 till July
1, 2000.
 The 3rd IAU exercise was performed in Czech
Republic on March 28 till April 2, 2003.
IAU and CBRNE Forensic
 Despite the fact that the risk of CBRNE
attacks is consider to be low, one of the
questions that need to be addressed is
 “How much CBRNE capabilities and
capacities are needed”?
 How much specialists is required, what do
they need to do, what they to be equipped
and why and where does such capability
to be reside?
Alleged use of CW
 Alleged CW use:
 types of CWs and delivery systems used;
 number of weapons/delivery systems used;
 time of the alleged CW use;
 duration of attack/use;
 specifics of the alleged CW use/attack;
 extent of CW use (infrastructure(s) affected);
 Characteristics of the possible toxic chemicals:
 Effects on humans:
 estimated number of fatalities,
 number of hospitalised victims,
 other victims (signs and symptoms at the time of the attack and
delayed signs and symptoms);
Alleged use of CW
 Location(s) where the use of chemical weapons is
alleged to have taken place:
 location name,
 geographic co-ordinates,
 location in relation to another known location (by
direction and distance),
 Characteristics of the site(s):
 military;
 civil (town, rural area, buildings affected),
 nature of the terrain (relief, vegetation),
 accessibility of the site,
 Meteorological conditions during the alleged use of CW
Alleged use of CW
 Effect on animals:
signs;
symptoms;
 Effects on vegetation (signs of
contamination);
 Impact on infrastructure:
type and persistency of contamination;
damage;
Alleged use of CW
 Measures already taken or initiated by the
Authorities:
 Evacuation and hospitalization of victims;
 Investigation activities initiated;
 Evidence preserved;
 Preliminary identification of CWs alleged to have
been used:
 types of samples identified in situ, including any
unexploded munitions or remnants of munitions;
 types of samples analyzed, if any;
 Results of available analyses, if any;
Key activities during the IAU CWs
 C4 Command Post Operations – C4 CommandCommunications-Collection
of Data-Control
 Chemical and Explosive Ordnance Reconnaissance
 Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of CW Ordnance
 Sample Collection and Analysis On-Site
 Medical Investigation and Bio-sample Collection
 Negotiations
 Interviewing (authorities, victims, witnesses)
 Reporting
 Decontamination Support (Decontamination Control Station)
 Health and Safety Support
 Logistic Support
Operations and support expertise
divisions
 Investigation of Chemical Weapons Operations
 Chemical/explosive ordnance reconnaissance
 Sample collection and chemical analysis
 Non-destructive evaluation techniques
 Evidence collection
 Medical/Health and Safety
 Medical Examination/Investigation & Interviews
 Health &Safety Support
 Support
 Communication, Command & Control
 Evidence collection and Reporting
 Decontamination
 Security
 Logistics and transportation
Reconnaissance/Detection
EOD/UXO Reconnaissance
?Sampling?
Sarin Fountain
of the Hell
Sampling and Detection
Liquid Sample Taking
Sampling A.S.A.P
Sample Packing and Sealing
Packing Samples for Transport and
Chain of Custody
On-Site Analysis
Non-Destructive Evaluation
X-Ray Imaging
X-Ray Image of Liquid Fill
Level of Liquid Fill
The Neutron Induced Gamma
Spectrometer
Medical Examination/Investigation
& Interviews
Victims
Medical Examination/Investigation
& Interviews
Interview victims/witnesses
Bio-sampling
Health & Safety Support
Buddy Rescue
IAU Team
Decontamination Control Station
Decontamination Control Station
Sample Decontamination
Decontamination Procedures
When is CBRN Forensic Science
Needed?
 The Forensic Science needs
are derived from Conventional
Forensic Science in order to
investigate crime scene and
answer three principal
questions:
1. Has a crime act been
committed?
2. Who is (are) affected/victimized
3. Who is (are) responsible for
crime? and
4. Is the suspect responsible for
the crime act?
 In this regard the link of CBRNE
Forensic Science to Conventional
Forensic Science should be
following:
1. Has a crime act/release of CBRN
been committed/occurred?
2. Who is (are) affected/victimized by
the CBRN attack?
3. Who is responsible for the crime
act/CBRN attack?
4. Is there a suspect responsible for
the crime act/release?
5. What is the likely release?
Challenge for Investigators
Contaminated Environment of
the Scene including Evidences
CBRNE
?Crime Investigators?
Just another victims
The role of the Forensic
Scientists
There are several main areas of duties:
1. Examination of physical evidence
2. Reporting on results of a forensic examination
3. To assists in tracing an offender
4. Provision of evidence for presentation of a case to a
court
5. Present verbal evidence in court (expert testimony)
6. Training of police officers to become “forensically
minded” when investigating crime scene
 CBRN Forensic Team will in the form of specialists
composing multidisciplinary investigation team enable
to work effectively under CBRN HazMat environmental
conditions
Qualification of Investigators
 The qualification of those individuals and/or teams doing
CBRN Forensic is crucial because the results of the
investigation are very important in order to decide if they
are conclusive or inconclusive.
 Technical capabilities of CBRN Forensic individuals are
so high that ordinary individuals/responders/soldiers not
“forensically minded” could actually compromised the
successful identification of CBRN materials and nature of
CBRN attack.
Investigation team expertise composition
 Command
 Crisis and Consequent
Management
 Explosive Ordnance
Disposal/Unexploded Ordnance
 Chemical Weapons
 Conventional Weapons
 NBC/CBRN service
 Analytical Chemistry
 Chemistry/Chemical Technology
 Forensics
 Medicine
 Pathology
 Dermatology
 Toxicology
 Microbiology
 Epidemiology
 Anthropology
 Plant Pathology
 Sociology
 Psychology
 Ethnology
 Interviewing
 Interpretation
 Communication
 Logistician
Advance IAU Team
Team Leader
EOD
Chemical
Reconnaissance
CWs
Conventional
Munitions
Medical Doc
Toxicologist
Communication
Data Collection
Logistic
Hands-on skills/Training
 Hazard identification
 Personal protection
 Detection
 Reconnaissance
 Sample collection
(environmental and
biological samples)
 Handling samples
(Chain of custody)
 On-site analysis
 Non Destructive Evaluation
 Decontamination
 First Aid
 Interviewing
 Recording/Documentation
 Reporting
 Communication
 Good Laboratory Practice
regulations (GLP)
Terrorist Lab
Mobile Chemical Binary
Pickup
Dual Purpose Items
Large Volume CW Ordnance
Witness for Interview
and Potential Victim
Epilog
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