COMPOUNDS (by courtesy of A. Rozkošná) A) Introducing the Topic 1. Vocabulary Do you know these words? element (n) compound (n) mixture (n) equation (n) chemical formula (adj+n) result (n) properties (n) major use (adj+n) A reacts with / combines B to form C to add (v) to heat (v) 2. Brainstorming. Work in pairs. Answer these questions: a) What is a chemical compound? Try to define it. How is it different from an element? b) What is a chemical formula (e.g. CO[2])? What do the numbers represent? c) What basic types of compounds can you name? d) Give 3 examples of compounds. What do you know about them? What are their properties? What is their major use? e) Name one dangerous compound. Why is it dangerous? 3. Now try to match some names of compounds with their formulas: Note that for English names of inorganic compounds, the order of the electronegative and the electropositive element is different than in Czech. E.g. NaCl - Cz : 1. chlorid 2. sodný, En : 2. sodium 1. chloride 1. NaCl a) benzene 2.ZnO b) methane 3.CO[2] c) zinc oxide 4.NaOH d) nitric acid 5.HCl e) sodium chloride 6.H[2]SO[4] f) hydrochloric acid 7.HNO[3] g) sulphuric acid 8.Na[2]CO[3] h) sodium hydroxide 9.CH[4] i) carbon dioxide 10.C[6]H[6] j) sodium carbonate These formulas are useful for writing equations. Equations are short ways of expressing chemical reactions and their results. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H[2]O hydrochloric acid reacts with / combines sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water B) LISTENING: Reactions of Hydrochloric Acid 1. Listen to the passage about reactions of hydrochloric acid and answer these questions: (From: Bates, Martin and Dudley-Evans, Tony: Nucleus of General Science. Longman 1990.Unit 8, Listening Practice 2.) a) What is formed when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid? b) What are some properties of magnesium chloride? c) What reacts with the acid to form magnesium chloride and hydrogen? d) Which metals do not react with hydrochloric acid? e) What happens if lead is added to the acid and the mixture is heated? f) What is the result of adding tin to the acid without heating? 2. Now try to answer these questions: a) What do you think happens if calcium is added to the acid? b) What do you think happens if copper is added to the acid? C) Speaking. You are going to read articles from the Wikipedia. Work in small groups and have a short talk about you and the Internet. Answer these questions: a) When did you first use the Internet? b) How often do you use the Internet (hrs/day)? Who uses the Internet the most in your family? c) What are the sites you most often access? Where do you access the Internet? d) Do you use Skype/ Facebook etc.? How often? Do you think that people should put photos of their friends onto the Internet? e) Have you ever chatted on the Internet? Is it dangerous to meet people on the Internet? Would you like to go on a date with someone you meet online? f) Do you think that the Internet safe for children? Why or why not? g) Have you ever bought something using the Internet? Is it better to buy online or to go to a shop? Why? h) Do you use the Internet for fun or education? i) Do you ever play computer games? Which ones? Is it a good or bad habit? j) Have you ever done an online course? How can the Internet help you learn English? Do you think that the Internet might replace libraries? k) Do you access the Internet from your mobile phone? Is it expensive? l) Do you have more than one e-mail address? If yes, then why? m) Can you believe all the information that is published on the Internet? Adapted from http://iteslj.org/questions D) COMPOUNDS – Reading, Summary writing, Presentations Adapted from wikipedia.org Work in smal groups. You will read 5 different texts, describing various compounds. 1. Scanning - Scan the text and link the paragraphs with these headings: a) Reactions of … b) Use of … c) Production of … d) Properties of … 2. Comprehension - Read the text again and answer these questions concerning the compound: a) What is its name and chemical formula? b) What are its properties? c) How is it produced? Can it be found in the nature? d) What chemical reactions does it take part in? e) What are its major uses? 3. Summary – Write a brief summary of the text. TIPS for a summary: a) State the main point at the start b) Include all the main points of the original; your summary should have the same balance of ideas as the original c) Use simpler language than the original d) Pay attention to connections between the sentences e) Remember you should make the text shorter (about one third or one fourth of the original) f) When you are finished, re-read your summary; check the grammar Useful phrases to describe the compound: Its chemical formula is… It is composed of… It is produced by… / It may also be manufactured by… / It is produced by three main routes: … It takes part in many chemical reactions./ It reacts with … to form … / It combines … to form … / It can be converted to … / Its derivatives are … . It is used as … / It is used in … / Its major use is … / It has many industrial uses, such as … 4. Poster – Make a poster, writing and drawing the most important information on a piece of paper. This will be your visual aid. KISS – keep it short and simple Use BIG LETTERS so that everybody can see them 5. Presentations Present your compound to the others, enriching the summary with these phrases: Good morning/afternoon, I’d like to talk about … I would like to start with … I will continue with …. That´s all. Thank you very much for your attention. Speak SLOWLY, CLEARLY, LOUDLY Mind your BODY LANGUAGE – eye contact, clear gestures E) HOMEWORK: MEASUREMENT – QUANTITY U NEPOČITATELNÝCH (UNCOUNTABLES) se používá: MUCH – e.g. much water, much carbon; How much water? How much carbon? Stupňování: much water – more water – the most water LITTLE – e.g. little water – less water – the least water a little water – trocha vody much (slightly/far/considerably) less water – mnohem (trochu / mnohem / výrazně) méně vody U POČITATELNÝCH (COUNTABLES) se používá: MANY – e.g. many apples, many flasks; How many apples? How many flasks? Stupňování: many water – more water – the most water FEW few flasks – fewer flasks – the fewest a few flasks – několik baněk A. Complete the sentences using much / many: 1. A torch bulb uses ……….. more current than a radio. 2. How ……… liquid does the beaker contain? 3. How ………… laboratories are there on this floor? 4. How ………….. electrons does and atom of carbon posess? 5. The British eat too ………… fat and refined sugar. 6. Modern vehicles need ………. less greasing than cars 50years ago. 7. ………….. bacteria are of very great medical importance. 8. How …………. nitrogen does the atmosphere contain? 9. ……………… chemical compounds can be manufactured from petroleum. B. Complete the sentences using little (málo) / few (málo) / a little (trocha) / a few (několik): 1. Very…………………. people went to see that film. 2. Come on! We’ve still got ……………….time left to finish this. 3. I’ve got 20 Euros and ……………….. coins. That should be enough for tonight. 5. I have …………………. time for you today. 6. …………………. people came to see the play. It was rather sad. 7. With time and ……………………. patience, you’ll forget her and be happy again. 8. His computer needs cleaning. He takes very ……………….. care of it. 9. I normally have …………………. red wine with my lunch. 10. Jordi gave very ………………. reasons for closing down the bar. Adapted from Alžběta Oreská et al. English for Chemistry. Bratislava: STU, 2006. Week 3 – Vocabulary (Compounds) + Words from the Homework from Week 2 infinitesimal (adj) nepatrný to emerge (v) objevit se, vynořit se to break down (v) rozložit se (chemicky) indestructible (adj) nezničitelný indivisible (adj) nedělitelný dense (adj) hustý to revolve (v) otáčet se attraction (n) přitažlivost to dilute (v) ředit to extract (v) extrahovat, získat catalyst (n) katalyzátor chemical formula (adj+n) chemický vzorec result (n) výsledek equation (n) rovnice major use (adj+n) hlavní použití to add (v) přidat to heat (v) zahřát A reacts with / combines B to form C A reaguje s B a vytvoří C benzene benzen methane metan zinc oxide oxid zinečnatý nitric acid kyselina dusičná sodium chloride chlorid sodný hydrochloric acid kyselina chlorovodíková sulphuric acid kyselina sírová sodium hydroxide hydroxid sodný carbon dioxide oxid uhličitý sodium carbonate uhličitan sodný It is produced by three main routes. Vyrábí se třemi hlavními způsoby. It takes part in many chemical reactions Účastní se mnoha chemických reakcí It can be converted to … Může se změnit na … derivative (n) derivát It is used as … Používá se jako …