|É Periodický systém
Základní vlastnosti chemických
prvků
Main-Group Elements s Subshell fills
Main-Group Elements p Subshell fills
□
Inner-Transition Metals /Subshell fills
'Lanthanides
'Actinides
58 Ce www	59 Pr 4rěé	60 Nd Ares1	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd 4rf5flCV	05 Tb m*	66 Dy	67 Ho Ares'	68 Er 4/"es1	69 Tm	70 Yb	7n Lu
90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np WW	Pu	95 Am	R Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf 5/--7ir	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	UK No	103 Lr
Metal Metalloid Non meta I
s orbital
*Th ree
two lobes
nodal plane
►p-electron never found at the nucleus
three perpendicular axes
complicated
•Five
•Four four lobes fifth different
*d-orbitaI electron      not be found at the nucleus
f orbital - does not explain chemical properties
3d -00000-
45        3p -ooo
3s
2P-00-0
2s
1s -O-
Electron
Element Orbitals Configuration
H	1S •	2s          2p,         2p, 2p,	1s1
He	•		1s2
U	c	®	1S2 2s'
Be	W		^s2 2s2
B	#	• © o o	^s2 2s2 2p1
C	•	• © © o	1s2 2s2 2p2
N		• © © ©	1S2 2S2 2p*
0		• © © ©	1s2 2s2 2p4
F		• © © ©	1s2 2s2 2p5
Ne	•	• © © ©	1s2 2s2 2p^
Main-Group Elements Main-Group Elements
CrystalMaker Element Tables
VFI Atomic Radii
http://www.crystalmaker.com
l
H
4
2
He
4
Be
J
11 Na
4 *
Na Mg
I9 20 Ca
38 Sr
37
Rb
55 CS
56 Ba
Image generated by CrystalMaker 6.3: interactive crystal & molecular structures visualization for Mac OS X
21 SC •	22 Tl	23 V •	24 Cr J	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co •	28 NI J	29 Cu	30 Zn »
39 Y	40 Zr J	41 Nb J	42 MO J	43 Tc J	44 Ru N*	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag ě	48 Cd •
71 Ltl	72 Hf J	73 Ta J	74 W ^	75 Re •»	76 OS	77 lr ^	78 Pt J	79 AU V*	80 Hg J
57 La J	58 Ce J	59          60         61          62          63         64 65 Pr         Nd        Pm        Sm         Eu         Gd Tb							66 Dy •
89 AC	90 Th J	91 Pa	92 U J	93 Np	94 Pu •	95 Am O	96 Cm O	97 Bk o	98 Cf O
5 B •	6 C •	7 N a
13 Al J	14 SI •	15 P
31 Ga 9	32 Ge •	33 AS
49 in	50 Sn	51 Sb •
81 Tl •	82 Pb •	83 Bl •
67 Ho •	68 Er •	69 Tm •
99 Es O	100 Fm O	101 Md o
8
O
16 S
34 Se
J
52 Te
84 Po
70 Yb
NO
17 CI
4
35
85 At
10 Ne
18 Ar
36 Kr
Br
54
53 Xe
86 Rn
Scale 10 A
Ihesc data arc based on inr.crjr.omic distances in the structures of the dements. (Radii for metals correspond to coordination numbers of 12.) Where no radius value can be found for a particular clement, its radius has been set to a default value of 1 A and a circle is plotted instead of a rendered sphere. Data from Vainshtcin ct al„ 1995; values forO, F, S, CI, Br, I, At, Po, Pm. Rn have been taken from Clcmcnti ct al. 1963-
Refeiences:   Vainshtein BK, Fridkin VM, lndenbom VL (1995) Structure of Crystals, 3rd Edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Clcmcnti E. Raimondi DL Rcinhardt \VP (1963) Journal of Chemical Physics 38:2686-
CrystalMaker
SOFTWARE
1A
Trends in Atomic Radius (A) (show rule
4A
5A
0.77
1.75
® 0.70
©
1.10
Bi
1.46
6A
0.66
S
1J04
Po
1.5
7A
0.64
3
0.99
Te
1.37 1.33
At
1.4
8A He
o
0.5
© 0.70
0.94
Rn
1.4
Fluoride ion
Van der Waals radii (1 pm = 1 x1012)
200 pm
150 100
R_-		" "S b
■ N/		
Group V .....................	...................	
10      20     30     40      50 60
Z
230 pm
150 100
		" " f e
		
0/		
Group VI	....................	
10      20     30     40      50 60
Z
200 pm
150 100
	^__J,
Br___—	
cy—-—"""""^	
	
Halogens (Group VII)	
10      20     30     40      50 60
Z
200 pm
150f 100
		
He		
Rare gases		
10 20
30
Z
40      50 60
Covalent radii (1pm = 1x10~12)
150
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Electron Groups Total   Bonding Lone		Arrangement of Groups	Molecular Shape	Example
2 2	0	Linear	Linear	C02#—#—#
3 3	0	Trigonal planar	Trigonal planar	N03- f
2	1		Bent (or angular)	.^Lone o3   n pair
1
Tetrahedral      Tetrahedral CH,
Triangular pyramidal
PF.
Lone pair
Bent (or angular)
hUO
filLone
Wavelength in meters
jq-i:      ,0-io     10-8 4 x ,0-77 x jQ-7 io-
i_i_I_i    i i
—|
io--
Infrared  Mierowa\ rs
IO2
Radio waves
104
IM Shortwave AM
6x 10
7x 10
-7
Gamma X rays Ultraviolet
rays