Canadian cities in transition. New directions in the twenty-first century, 4th ed. edited by Trudi Bunting, Pierre Filon, Ryan Walker Bunting T., Filion P., Walker R. (2010): Canadian Cities in Transition. New Dirctions in the Twenty-First Century. Don Mills,Oxford University Press, 468 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-543125-4 It is an introduction for university students to the Canadian urban phenomenon, presenting different facets of the city: * its historical evolution * economic dynamics * environmental impacts * dependence on natural systems * urban lifestyles * cultural makeup * social structure * infrastructures * governance * planning * and appearance. The volume also is designed to assist the next: * generation of citizens * consumers * experts * business people * and politicians in their efforts to solve the urban problems: * traffic congestions * different forms of environmental damage * crime * social segregation * governance-they are inheriting The text is situated at the confluence of different disciplines with an urban dimension: mainly geography and planning, but also economics, political science, sociology, ecology, and history. Changing Parameters of Urban Form, Structure, and Policy * Fundamentals of Cities * Epochs of Canadian Urban Development * Transition in the city The Structuring Parameters of Twenty-First-Century Urbanization * The Global imperative * Getting serious about Urban sustainability: Eco-Footprints and the vulnerabiIity of Twenty-First-century cities * The Dynamics of Economic Change in Canadian Cities: Innovation, Culture, and the Emergence of a Knowledge-Based Economy * Economic Change in Canadian Cities: Locational Dynamics of Employment * Life course and Lifestyle changes: Urban change through the Lens of Demography * New Diversity: Socia| Change as Immigration * New Divisions: sociaI Polarization and Neighbourhood Inequality in the Canadian City * The Canadian city at a crossroads between ´Passage' and ´Place' * Neo-Liberal Governance: Entrepreneurial MunicipaI Regimes in Canada * The Economics of Urban Land ´Placing' and Planning the Twenty-First-Century City * Black Holes or White Knights? Cities and the Environment * Re-imaging, Re-Elevating' and Re-Placing the Urban: The cultural Transformation of the lnner city in the Twenty-First century * Slow Growth and Decline in Canadian cities * Fear, Insecurity, and the Canadian city * Emerging Urban Forms in the Canadian City * The Changing Meanings of Urban Places * At Home in the City: Housing and Neighbourhood Transformation * Younger cities, older cities, and cities in the Balance: Spaces and Places of the Younger and Older Population * Aboriginal People in Canadian Cities * The Built Environment and Obesity: Trimming Waistlines through Neighbourhood Design * Food systems and the city Towards a Sustainable, Healthy, and 'Smart' Future for Canadian Urban communities * Conlusion: Challenges and Opportunities in the Twenty-First-Century City * Digita| Data in Urban Research * Selected Data on Canada's census Metropolitan Areas Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Cities * How cities operate * How they relate to broker social trends in order to address contemporary urban issues * Understanding of urban dynamics * Complexity, human creations, relativem stable structure/syntax * Infrastructure network – connections between different assamblages of buildings/land use * Economic and value systems behind urban built environment with its multiple use * Perceptions and interpretations of this environment Florida R. (2008): Who´s Your City? How the creative economy is making where to live the most important decision of your life. Random House Canada, 374 pp., ISBN 978-0-307-35696-3 p.314-5 Fundamental properties for understanding the urban phenomenon: ü production ü proximity ü reproduction ü capitalization ü place ü governance ü environment production * create jobs * brings people to the city * main reason for urban growth * change urban form and structure * consumption and export * transportation systems * export-based specialization * products and resources for sustaining….energy, water * service rural areas, resources and labour * ecological footprint (Rees in Ch5) * creative class (R.Florida) * manufacturing sector, deindustrialization * explosion of restaurants and personal services, places of entertainment and cultural activities * shift to service economy….administration * goods and services counterbalancing the import….taxes, protection, decisions, staple cities * economic exchange, interdependence, heartland and hinterland * globalization proximity Ø communication – minimize the cost (time, effort, money) of interaction Ø frequent and repeated interactions….businesses and institutions Ø innovation as by-product of interaction Ø cities – places of economic enterprise Ø just-in-time-delivery Ø high cost of city land, inner accessibility….transportation systems…activity distribution pattern…mode of transportation Ø Toronto – Greater Golden Horseshoe = 180 km distance Ø Telecommunications – end of geography? Ø The Economist Oct 27th-Nov 2nd 2012-11-05 Reproduction v Continued provision of an ample labour force v Wel-being of family/household units…health care, education, social services, family and community support facilities, immigration policies, etc. v History – epidemics, water treatment/sewage, immunization v Pollution, obesity, SARS, low birth rate, stress, crime v Hygiene, maintenance v Role of women…health, education, child care, labour force v Growing public sector difficulties….welfare state?????? v Low-tax, low-wage jurisdictions …cutting corporate-based fiscal revenues vs. high tax leveles… politically unrealistic option v Reduced spending capacity, cutbacks in public sector reproduction services….coincided with risik expectations and demand for such services v Private funding education, university fees…major source of social inequality v Underfunding of public sector…tragedies of water quality…..natural hazards – hurricanes Capitalization * Urban land – compact, scarce – maximized capital investment * Residents, business, services…technologies * Durable…path dependence * Changes in technology of lifestyles * Brownfields, greyfield sites, greenfields…financial constraints * Bind pattern of behaviour to built environment (aliance on the automobile and the truck…) * Citizen resistence to redevelopment…NIMBY…emotions * Suburban capitalization ( rous, water, schools, hospitals, private industry, residential and commercial development * Inner cities residential intensification – high-rise condominiums * Economy of investments both public and private sectors * Home as main asset for a majority of households * Speculative property bubbles * Growing consumer debt….homeownership Place * Sense of place, enhanced interest, urbanites – meaning to space * Yi-Fu Tuan topophilia….subjective attachment * Place design – urban form * Quality of individual and collective life, physical environment * Diminishment of topophilic places * Suburban places….shopping malls, power centres…junk-scapes * Place as atribute of urbanity…dwellers and locales…symbolic meanings * Fluid sense of place….industry, marketing the place * Municipal land-use policies…economic development, tourism * Places that are valut * Places in globalization Governance * Generating policies suited to the specific circumstances confronting cities * Distinct management measures for urban community * Collective kontrol and co-operation between karby neighbours over communal space * Functioning of shared infrastructures and services * Rights, payment facilities, cohabitation of a wide variety of land-use * Planning kontrol… chaos, pollution, noisy, bottlenecks, no laissez-faire approach * Administrative arrangements…municipal affairs, housing programmes, public sector, urban management * Bigger and required more infrastructure * Public demands, interventions, huge budget cuts, limited tax revenues in municipalities…local administrativ Environment * Cities must respect their natural environment * Severely degraded environment in cities – dangers to health * Ignoring environmental damages * Environmental awareness * Pollution, emissions ( Montreal protocol CFC…) * Consumerist lifestyle….MillEcoAssess * Climate chase * EnviImpactAsses