Week 9 GEOMORPHOLOGY 1. Warm-up · What does “morphology” mean? · Complete the mind map and explain how the ideas are related to geomorphology. regolith 2…………… soil creep sedimentary mass movement types 3…………….. 1……….. Rocks mudflows denudation 4…………. water weathering 6……………. 5………….. 7……………. 2. WORD STUDY Change the order of the letters to find names of rocks and complete the translation and example in the Czech Republic. rock translation example of region stomeline the Palava Hills, the Moravian Karst stosandne B...................... Paradise nigrate the Jizera Mountains issgne rula the Bohemian-Moravian H……… saltba čedič the D………… Mountains conmeglorate the Iron Mountains cami-stschi svor the Bohemian Massif 3. LISTENING Physical Geography II - Geomorphology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkcjTRMTst0 Before listening, check the meaning of the words. LANDFORMS arch pinnacle dune canyon river bed dome PROCESSES erosion deposition exfoliation folding faulting ROCKS sandstone granite quartz feldspar hornblende mica VERBS grind wear down scrape scour crack Discuss · Which shapes are created by wind erosion? · Which landforms were formed by running water? · What does temperature cause in rocks? Watch the video and fill in the missing parts of sentences. 1) Erosion is the process by which………………………………………………………. 2) Depositional features are those which ...............……………………………………… 3) Grinding and smashing effect is caused by…………………………………………… 4) Natural arches and pinnacles can be found in ………………………………………… 5) Dunes are created when ………………………………………………………………. 6) Given enough time, water can wear away even ……………………………………… 7) V shaped canyon was formed by ……………………………………………………… 8) Arroyos or washes are ………………………………………………………………… 9) Repeated heating and cooling of rocks causes………………………………………… 10) At night, water in cracks …………………………, causing rock ……………………. 11) Granite, which is subject to exfoliation, is a result of once …………………………… 12) Gravity influences rocks in a way that they …………………………………………… 4. DESCRIBING PROCESSES · Processes: match the different types of activities with the pictures. Add more examples. seasonal change (spring, summer, autumn, winter) / making a car / writing an essay/report (researching, drafting, rewriting, submitting) / driving a car / water in natural environment … A Výsledek obrázku pro linear steps B Výsledek obrázku pro cyklus diagram C Výsledek obrázku pro venn diagram · Decide which words /phrases are most useful for describing each of the three types of processes. WHILE WHEN DURING AS THE FOLLOWING STEP RESULT IN UNTIL INITIALLY IN THE LAST STAGE CAUSE LEAD TO AFTER SUBSEQUENTLY EVENTUALLY MOREOVER BESIDES DUE TO How sand moves https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Saltation-mechanics.gif · Underline parts of the text which describe different stages in the process. · Do the stages happen one at a time in a sequence or at the same time? When the wind blows over the desert floor, its flow is influenced by the nature of that surface, its roughness on all scales. Such surface roughness interferes with the smooth flow of air, causing disturbances in the air and currents. These in turn interact with the sand grains on the surface, which may be moved along or temporarily kicked up by the wind, which modifies its movement – a constant interaction between the wind and the grains. The act of moving sand grains removes energy from the wind and transfers it to the grains, which, crashing into their colleagues, transfer that energy in turn to them. The result is that close to the ground surface, where most of the action is going on, the wind speed is reduced. There is a speed gradient whereby the wind speed increases with the height. Speed gradients cause pressure gradients, and pressure gradients mean grains can fly. What happens on a very small scale very close to the surface of the ground in the desert is critical to the grand-scale results. Edward de Chazal: Oxford EAP B2, OUP, 2012, p.88 · Complete the stage in the process of sand movement in the diagram below. For each gap you need to identify the verb in the text and convert it to the appropriate noun Example: the wind blows – the blowing of the wind Textové pole: the blowing of the wind Textové pole: the……………….. of smooth air flow by rough surfaces Textové pole: the ………………. on the wind flow of the desert floor Vývojový diagram: postup: the ……………….. between the wind and the sand Vývojový diagram: postup: the ………………… of sand along the desert floor Vývojový diagram: postup: the ………………… of energy from wind to sand Vývojový diagram: postup: the saltation of the sand grains Vývojový diagram: postup: the …………………. / suspension of grains in the air WRITING ABOUT A PROCESS Notes describing two different processes have been mixed up. Identify the processes and relevant phrases for each one. A is the first note in process 1 and B is the first note in process 2. A. winter – freezing of active layer – soil contracts B. wind: strength determines how much and what type of material is removed strength increases – more and larger particles removed C. summer – meltwater in cracks, + deposits (wind, water) D. cracks – shape of irregular polygons (like bottom of dried up lake) E. fine particles are moved more and more removed - the surface lowers in elevation F. the surface – settled, wind-polished G. repetition, wedges on polygon perimeter grow (1m thick, 3m deep) H. water freezes, cracks widen, deepen – wedges I. formation of desert pavement (reg) J. fossil wedges – earlier periglacial conditions K. deflation - until the floor is closely packed pebbles and rocks - too heavy to move L. older pavement – appears smoother, flatter (like worn cobblestone street) answer process 1: process 2: 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Choose one of the processes. Use the notes to write a paragraph of approximately 130 words. Add cohesive language to connect the sentences. Sources Waug, D.: Geography, An Integrated Approach Kelly, K: Geography