APPENDIX E
BCF VALUES FOR COMMUNITY MEASURMENT RECEPTORS from Appendix C of EPA, 1999b
APPENDIX C
MEDIA-T O-RE CE PTORBCFu
Appendix C provides recommended guidance for determining values for media-to-receptor bioconcentration factors (BCFs) based on values reported in the scientific literature, or estimated using physical and chemical properties of the compound. Guidance on use of BCF values in the screening level ecological risk assessment is provided in Chapter 5.
Section C-1.0 provides the general guidance recommended to select or estimate BCF values. Sections C-l. 1 through C-1.7 further discuss determination of BCFs for specific media and receptors. References cited in Sections C-l. 1 through C-1.7 are located following Section C-l .7.
For the compounds commonly identified in risk assessments for combustion facilities (identified in Chapter 2), BCF values have been determined following the guidance in Sections C-1.1 through C-1.7. BCF values for these limited number of compounds are included in this appendix in Tables C-l through C-7 to facilitate the completion of screening ecological risk assessments. However, it is expected that additional compounds may require evaluation on a site specific basis, and in such cases, BCF values for these additional compounds could be detennined following the same guidance (Sections C-l. 1 through C-l .7) used in determination of the BCF values reported in this appendix. For reproducibility and to facilitate comparison of new data and values as they become available, all data reviewed in the selection of the BCF values provided at the end of this appendix are also included in Tables C-l through C-7. References cited in Tables C-l through C-7 (Media-to-Receptor BCF Values) are located following Table C-7.
For additional discussion on some of the references and equations cited in Sections C-l. 1 through C-1.7, the reader is recommended to review the Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP) (U.S. EPA 1998) (see Appendix A-3), and the source documents cited in the reference section of this appendix.
C-1.0 GENERAL GUIDANCE
This section summarizes the recommended general guidance for detennining compound-specific BCF values (media-to-receptors) provided in Tables C-l through C-7. As a preference, BCF values were selected from empirical field and/or laboratory data generated from reviewed studies that are published in the scientific literature. Information used from these studies included calculated BCF values, as well as, collocated media and organism concentration data from which BCF values could be calculated. If two or more BCF values, or two or more sets of collocated data, were available in the published scientific literature, the geometric mean of the values was used.
Field-derived BCF values were considered more indicative of the level of bioconcentration occurring in the natural environment than laboratory-derived values. Therefore, when available and appropriate, field-derived B CF values were given priority over laboratory-derived values. In some cases, confidence in the methods used to determine or report field-derived BCF values was less than for the laboratory-derived values. In those cases, the laboratory-derived values were used for the recommended BCF values.
When neither field or laboratory data were available for a specific compound, data from a potential surrogate compound were evaluated. The appropriateness of the surrogate was determined by comparing the structures of the two compounds. Where an appropriate surrogate was not identified, a regression equation based on the compound's log Yi^ value was used to calculate the recommended BCF value.
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With the exception of the air-to-plairt biotransfer factors (5v), recommended BCF values provided in the tables at the end of this appendix are based on wet tissue weight and dry media weight (except for water). As necessary, reported values were converted to these units using the referenced tissue or media wet weight percentages. The conversion factors, equations, and references for these conversions are discussed in Sections C-l. 1 through C-i.7 where appropriate, and are presented at the end of each table (Tables C-l through C-7).
C-1.1   SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS
Soil-to-soil invertebrate BCF values (see Table C-l) were developed mainly from data for earthworms. Measured experimental results were primarily in the form of ratios of compound concentrations in a earthworm and the compound concentrations in the soil in which the earthworm was exposed. As necessary, values were converted to wet tissue and dry media weight assuming a moisture content (by mass) of 83.3 percent for earthworms and 20 percent for soil (Pietz et al. 1984).
Organics For organic compounds with no field or laboratory data available, recommended BCF values were estimated using the following regression equation:
log BCF= 0.M9 log     - 1.146 Equation C-l-1
* Southworth, G.R., J.J. Beauchamp, andP.K. Schmieder. 1978. "Bioaccunmlation Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons inDaphnia Pulex. " Water Research. Volume 12. Pages 973-977.
Inorganics For inorganic compounds with no field or laboratory data available, the recommended BCF value is equal to the arithmetic average of the available BCF values for other inorganics as specified in Table C-l.
C-l.2   SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO-PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS
Soil-to-plant BCF values (see Table C-2) account for plant uptake of compounds from soil. Data for a variety of plants and food crops were used to determine recommended BCF values.
Orsanics For all organics (including PCDDs and PCDFs) with no available field or laboratory data, the following regression equation was used to calculate recommended values:
log BCF = 1.5 88 - 0.578 log K»w Equation C-1-2
• Travis, C.C. and A.D. Arms. 1988. "Bioconcentration of Organics in Beef, Milk, and Vegetation." Environmental Science and Technology. 22:271-27'4.
Inorganics For most metals, BCF values were based on empirical data reported in the following:
Baes, C.F., R.D. Sharp, A.L. Sjoreen, and R.W. Shor. 1984. "Review and Analysis of Parameters and Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides Through Agriculture." Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
The scientific literature also was searched to identify studies. Although U.S. EPA (1995a) provides values for certain metals calculated on the basis of plant uptake response slope factors, it is unclear how the BCF
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values were calculated or which sources or references were used. Therefore, values reported in U.S. EPA (1995a) were not used.
C-1.3   WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS
Experimental data for crustaceans, aquatic insects, bivalves, and other aquatic invertebrates were used to determine recommended BCF values for water-to-aquatic invertebrate (see Table C-3). Both marine and freshwater exposures were reviewed As necessary, available results were converted to wet tissue weight assuming that invertebrate moisture content (by mass) is 83.3 percent (Pietz et al. 1984).
Orsanics Reported field values for organic compounds were assumed to be total compound concentrations in water and, therefore, were converted to dissolved compound concentrations in water using the following equation from U.S. EPA (1995b):
BCF (dissolved) = (BCF (total) / ffd) - 1 Equation C-1 -3
where
BCF (dissolved)	=	BCF based on dissolved concentration of compound in
		water
BCF (total)		BCF based on the field derived data for total
		concentration of compound in water
&	-	Fraction of compound that is freely dissolved in the water
	-—	1 / [1 + ((DOC x KJ /10) + (POC x Km,)]
DOC	=	Dissolved organic carbon, kilograms of organic carbon /
		liter of water (2.0 x 10* Kg/L)
IT "flW	-	Octanol-water partition coefficient of the compound, as
		reported in U.S. EPA (1994a)
POC	=	Particulate organic carbon, kilograms of organic carbon /
		liter of water (7.5 x lO-09 Kg/L)
Laboratory data were assumed to be based on dissolved compound concentrations.
For organic compounds with no field or laboratory data available, BCF values were determined from surrogate compounds or calculated using the following regression equation:
/og£CF=0.819x logYL^- 1.146 Equation C-M
• Southworth, G.R., J.J. Beauchamp, andP.K. Schmieder. 1978. "Bioaccumulation
Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Daphnia Pulex. " Water Research. Volume 12. Pages 973-977.
Inorganics For inorganic compounds with no field or laboratory data available, the recommended BCF values were estimated as the arithmetic average of the available BCF values for other inorganics, as specified in Table C-3.
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C-1.4   WATER-TO-ALGAE BIO CONCENT RATION FACTORS
Experimental data for both marine and freshwater algal species were reviewed As necessary, available results were converted to wet tissue weight assuming that algae moisture content (by mass) is 65.7 percent (Isensee et al. 1973).
Orsanics For organic compounds with no field or laboratory data available, BCF values were calculated using the following regression equation:
log BCF= 0.819 x log     -1.146 Equation C-l-5
•        Southworth, G.R., J J. Beauchamp, and P.K. Schmieder. 1978. "Bioaccumulation
Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Daphnia Pulex. " Water Research. Volume 12. Pages 973-977.
Inorganics For inorganics, available field or laboratory data were evaluated for each compound.
C-1.5   WATER-TO-FISH BIO CONCENTRATION FACTORS
Experimental data for a variety of marine and freshwater fish were used to determine recommended BCF values (see Table C-5). As necessary, values were converted to wet tissue weight assuming that fish moisture content (by mass) is 80.0 percent (Holcomb et al. 1976).
For both organic and inorganic compounds, reported field values were considered bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) based on contributions of compounds from food sources as well as media. Therefore, field values were converted to BCFs based on the trophic level of the test organism using the following equation:
BCF - (BAFTLn i FCMTJ - 1 Equation C-l-6
The reported field bioaccumulation factor for the trophic level "n" of the study species.
The food chain multiplier for the trophic level "n" of the study species.
Orsanics Reported field values for organic compounds were assumed to be total compound concentrations in water and, therefore, were converted to dissolved compound concentrations in water using the following equation from U.S. EPA (1995b):
BAF (dissolved) = {BAF (total) if#)-\ Equation C-1 -7
where
BAF based on dissolved concentration of compound in water
BAF based on the field derived data for total concentration of compound in water Fraction of compound that is freely dissolved in the water
£r.d:
where
BAFTLK
FCMTLn
BAF (dissolved) BAF (total)
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1 / [1 + ((DOC x *U /10) + (POC x U Dissolved organic carbon, Kg of organic carbon / L of water (2.0 x 1CT06 Kg/L)
Octanol-water partition coefficient of the compound, as reported in US. EPA (1994a)
Particulate organic carbon, Kg of organic carbon / L of water (7.5 x lCr09 Kg/L)
Laboratory data were assumed to be based on dissolved compound concentrations.
For organics for which no field or laboratory data were available, the following regression equation was used to calculate the recommended BCF values:
/og£CF=0.91xtogKow-1.975 xfog(6.8E-07x K^ + 1.0) - 0.786     Equation C-l-8
• Bintein, S., J. Devillers, and W. Karcher. 1993. "Nonlinear Dependence of Fish Bioconcentrations on n-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients." SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research. Vol.1. Pages 29-39.
Inorganics For inorganic compounds with no available field or laboratory data, the recommended BCF values were estimated as the arithmetic average of the available BCF values reported for other inorganics.
C-1.6  SEDEVIENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS
Experimental data for a variety of benthic infauna, worms, insects, and other invertebrates were used to determine the recommended BCF values for sediment-to-benthic invertebrate (see Table C-6). As necessary, values were converted to wet tissue weight assuming that benthic invertebrate moisture content (by mass) is 83.3 percent (Pietz et al. 1984).
Organics For organic compound (including PCDDs and PCDFs) with no available field or laboratory data, the recommended BCF values were determined using the following regression equation:
log BCF = 0.819 x log     - 1.146 Equation C-1 -9
• Southworth, G.R., J.J. Beauchamp, and P.K. Schmieden 1978. "Bioaccumulation Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Daphnia Pulex. " Water Research. Volume 12. Pages 973-977.
Inorganics For inorganic compound with no available field or laboratory data, the recommended BCF values were estimated as the arithmetic average of the available BCF values for other inorganics.
C-1.7  AIR-TO-PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS
The air-to-plant bioconcentration (Bv) factor (see Table C-7) is defined as the ratio of compound concentrations in exposed aboveground plant parts to the compound concentration in air. Bv values in Table C-7 are reported on dry-weight basis since the plant concentration equations (see Chapter 3) already include a dry-weight to wet-weight conversion factor.
ffd
DOC POC
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Organics For organics (excluding PCDDs and PCDFs), the air-to-plant bioconcentration factor was calculated using regression equations derived for azalea leaves in the following documents:
*        Bacci E., D. Calamari, C. Gaggi. and M. Vighi. 1990. "Bioconcentration of Organic Chemical Vapors in Plant Leaves: Experimental Measurements and Correlation." Environmental Science and Technology. Volume 24. Number 6. Pages 885-889.
Bacci E., M. Cerejeira, C. Gaggi, G. Chemello, D, Calamari, and M. Vighi 1992. "Chlorinated Dioxins: Volatilization from Soils and Bioconcentration in Plant Leaves." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Volume 48. Pages 401-408.
Bacci et al. (1992) developed a regression equation using empirical data collected for the uptake of 1,2,3,4-TCDD in azalea leaves and data obtained from Bacci et al. (1990). The bioconcentration factor obtained was included in a series of 14 different organic compounds to develop a correlation equation with Ka„ and H(defined below). Bacci et al. (1992) derived the following equations:
log Bwl = 1.065 log Km - log (-^) - 1.654 {r = 0.957)     Equation C-l-10
Hi
BV =     -7 v""- Equation C-1-11
( Jwater' Pforage
where
Bvoi = Volumetric air-to-plant biotransfer factor (fresh-weight basis)
Bv = Air-to-plant biotransfer factor (dry-weight basis)
pair = 1.19 g/L(Weast 1986)
p/orBge = 770 g/L (Macrady and Maggard 1993)
f-^er - 0.85 (fraction of forage that is water—Macrady and Maggard [1993])
H - Henry's Law constant (atm-nf/mole)
R = Universal gas constant (atm-m3/mole °K)
T = Terrperarure(25°C,298''K)
Equations C-l-10 and C-l-11 are used to calculate Bv values (see Table C-7) using the recommended values of HandKSK provided in Appendix A at a temperature (I) of 25 °C or 298.1 K. The following uncertainty should be noted with use of Bv values calculated using these equations:
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For organics (except PCDDs and PCDFs), U.S. EPA (1993) recommended that#v values be reduced by a factor of 10 before use. This was based on the work conducted by U.S. EPA (1993) for U.S. EPA (1994b) as an interim correction factor. Welsch-Pausch, McLachlan, and Umlauf (1995) conducted experiments to determine concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in air and resulting biotransfer to welsh ray grass. This was documented in the following:
Welsch-Pausch, K.M. McLachlan, and G. Umlauf. 1995. "Deterrnination of the Principal Pathways of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans to Lolium Multifiorum (Welsh Ray Grass)". Environmental Science and Technology. 29: 1090-1098.
A follow-up study based on Welsch-Pausch, McLachlan, and Umlauf (1995) experiments was conducted by Lorber (1995) (see discussion below for PCDDs and PCDFs). In a following publication, Lorber (1997) concluded that the Bacci factor reduced by a factor of 100 was close in line with observations made by him through various studies, including the Welsch-Pausch, McLachlan, and Umlauf (1995) experiments. Therefore, this guidance recommends that Bv values be calculated using the Bacci, Cerejeira, Gaggi, Chemello, Calamari, and Vighi (1992) correlation equations and then reduced by a factor of 100 for all organics, excluding PCDDs and PCDFs.
PCDDs and PCDFs For PCDDs and PCDFs, Bv values, on a dry weight basis, were obtained from the following:
•        Lorber, M., and P. Pinsky. 1999. "An Evaluation of Three Empirical Air-to-Leaf Models for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans." National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA). U. S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC. Accepted for Publication in Chemosphere.
U.S. EPA (1993) stated that, for dioxin-like compounds, the use of the Bacci, Cerejeira, Gaggi, Chemello, Calamari, and Vighi (1992) equations may overpredict Bv values by a factor of 40. This was because the Bacci, Calamari, Gaggi, and Vighi (1990) and Bacci, Cerejeira, Gaggi, Chemello, Calamari, and Vighi (1992) experiments did not take photodegradation effects into account. Therefore, Bv values calculated using Equations C-I0 and C-l 1 were recommended to be reduced by a factor of 40 for dioxin-like compounds.
However, according to Lorber (1995), the Bacci algorithm divided by 40 may not be appropriate because (1) the physical and chemical properties of dioxin congeners are generally outside the range of the 14 organic compounds used by Bacci, Calamari, Gaggi, and Vighi (1990), and (2) the factor of 40 derived from one experiment on 2,3,7,8-TCDD may not apply to all dioxin congeners.
Welsch-Pausch, McLachlan, and Umlauf (1995) conducted experiments to obtain data on uptake of PCDDs and PCDFs from air to Lolium Multifiorum (Welsh Ray grass). The data includes grass concentrations and air concentrations for dioxin-congener groups, but not the invidual congeners. Lorber (1995) used data from Welsch-Pausch, McLachlan, and Umlauf (1995) to develop an air-to-leaf transfer factor for each dioxin-congener group. Bv values developed by Lorber (1995) were about an order of magnitude less than values that would have been calculated using the Bacci, Calamari, Gaggi, and Vighi (1990; 1992) correlation equations. Lorber (1995) speculated that this difference could be attributed to several factors including experimental design, climate, and lipid content of plant species used
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Lorber (1999) conducted an evaluation of three empirical air-to-leaf models for estimating grass concentraions of PCDDs and PCDFs from air concentrations of these compounds described and tested against field data. Bv values recommended for PCDDs and PCDFs in this guidance were obtained from the experimentally derived values of Lorber (1999).
Metals For metals, no literature sources were available for Bv values. U.S. EPA (1995a) quoted from the following document, that metals were assumed not to experience air to leaf transfer:
Belcher, G.D., and C.C. Travis. 1989. "Modeling Support for the RURA and Municipal Waste Combustion Projects: Final Report on Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for the Terrestrial Food Chain Model." Interagency Agreement No. 1824-A020-A1. Office of Risk Analysis, Health and Safety Research Division. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge, Tennessee. October.
Consistent with the above references, Bv values for metals (excluding elemental mercury) were assumed to be zero (see Table C-7).
Mercuric Compounds Mercury emissions are assumed to consist of both the elemental and divalent forms. However, only small amounts of elemental mercury is assumed to be deposited (see Chapter 2). Elemental mercury either dissipates into the global cycle or is converted to the divalent form. Methyl mercury is assumed not to exist in the stack emissions or in the air phase. Consistent with various discussions in Chapter 2 concerning mercury, (1) elemental mercury reaching or depositing onto the plant surfaces is negligible, and (2) biotransfer of methyl mercury from air is zero. This is based on assumptions made regarding speciation and fate and transport of mercury from stack emissions. Therefore, the Bv value for (1) elemental mercury was assumed to be zero, and (2) methyl mercury was assumed not to be applicable. Bv values for mercuric chloride (dry weight basis) were obtained from U.S. EPA (1997).
It should be noted that uptake of mercury from air into the aboveground plant tissue is primarily in the divalent form. A part of the divalent form of mercury is assumed to be converted to the methyl mercury form once in the plant tissue.
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Bacci E., D. Calamari, C. Gaggi, and M. Vighi. 1990. "Bioconcentration of Organic Chemical Vapors in Plant Leaves: Experimental Measurements and Correlation," Environmental Science and Technology. Volume 24, Number 6. Pages S85-889.
Bacci E., M. Cerejeira, C. Gaggi, G. Chemello, D. Calamari, and M. Vighi. 1992. "Chlorinated Dioxins: Volatilization from Soils and Bioconcentration in Plant Leaves." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Volume 48. Pages 401-408.
Baes, C.F., R.D. Sharp, AL. Sjoreen, andR.W, Shor. 1984. "Review and Analysis of Parameters and
Assessing Transport of Environmentally Released Radionuclides through Agriculture." Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Belcher, G.D., and C.C. Travis. 1989. "Modeling Support for the RURA and Municipal Waste
Combustion Projects: Final Report on Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for the Terrestrial Food Chain Model." Interagency Agreement No. 1824-A020-A1. Office of Risk Analysis, Health and Safety Research Division. Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge, Tennessee. October.
Bmtein, S., J. Devillers, and W. Karcher. 1993. "Nonlinear Dependence of Fish Bioconcentrations on n-OctanoFWater Partition Coefficients." SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research. Vol. 1. Pages 29-39.
Holcombe, G.W., D.A. Benoit, E.N. Leonard and J.M. McKim. 1976. "Long-term Effects of Lead Exposure on Three Generations of Brook Trout {Salveniusfontinalis}." Journal, Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Volume 33. Pages 1731-1741.
Isensee, A.R., P.C. Kearney, E.A. Woolson, G.E. Jones, and V.P. Williams. 1973. "Distribution of Alkyl Arsenicals in Model Ecosystems." Environmental Science and Technology. Volume 7, Number 9. Pages 841-845,
Lorber, M. 1995. "Development of an Air-to-plant Vapor Phase Transfer for Dioxins and Furans.
Presented at the 15th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds". August 21-25, 1995 in Edmonton, Canada. Abstract in Organohalogen Compounds. 24:179-186.
Lorber, M., and P. Pinsky. 1999. "An Evaluation of Three Empirical Air-to-Leaf Models for
Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans." National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA). U. S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC. Acceptedfor Publication in Chemosphere.
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McCrady, J.K., S.P. Maggard. 1993. "Uptake and Photodegradation of
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Sorbed to Grass Foliage." Environmental Science and Technology. 27:343-350.
Pietz, R.I., J.R. Peterson, J.E. Prater, andD.R. Zenz. 1984. "Metal Concentrations in Earthworms From Sewage Sludge-Amended Soils at a Strip Mine Reclamation Site." J. Environmental Qua!. Vol. 13, No. 4. Pp 651-654.
Southworth, G.R., J.J. Beauchamp, and P.K. Schmieder. 1978. "Bioaccumulation Potential of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Daphnia Pulex. " Water Research. Volume 12. Pages 973-977.
Travis, C.C., and A.D. Arms. 1988. "Bioconcentration of Organics in Beef, Milk, and Vegetation." Environmental Science and Technology. 22:271-27'4.
U.S. EPA. 1993. Review Draft Addendum to the Methodology for Assessing Health Risks Associated with Indirect Exposure to Combustor Emissions. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Office of Research and Development. EPA-600-AP-93-003. November 10.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). 1994a. Draft Report Chemical Properties for Soil Screening Levels. Prepared for the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Washington, D.C. July 26.
U.S. EPA. 1994b. Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds. Draft Report. Office of Research and Development. Washington, D.C. EPA/600/6-88/005Ca,b,c. June.
U.S. EPA, 1995a. Review Draft Development of Human Health-Based and Ecologically-Based Exit Criteria for the Hazardous Waste Identification Project. Volumes I and II. Office of Solid Waste. March 3.
U.S. EPA. 1995b. Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative Te:hnical Support Document for the Procedure to Detemuoe Bioaccumulation Factors. EPA-820-B-95-005. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. March.
U.S. EPA. 1997. Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volumes I through VIII. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and ORD. EPA/452/R-97-001. December.
U.S. EPA. 1998. Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilitites. External Peer Review Draft. U.S. EPA Region 6 and U.S. EPA OSW. Volumes 1-3. EPA530-D-98-001A. July.
Veith, G.D., K..J. Macek, S.R. Petrocelli, and J. Carroll. 1980. "An Evaluation of Using Partition
Coefficients and Water Solubility to Estimate Bioconcentration Factors for Organic Chemicals in Fish." Pages 116-129. In J. G. Eaton, P. R. Parrish, and A. C. Hendricks (eds.), Aquatic Toxicology. ASTM STP 707. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
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Welsch-Pausch, K.M. McLachlan, and G. Umlauf. 1995. "Determination of the Principal Pathways of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans to Lolium Multifiorum (Welsh Ray Grass)". Environmental Science and Technology. 29: 1090-1098.
Weast, R.C. 1986. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 66th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio. CRC Press.
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TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCKNTRATION FACTORS (mg CO PC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 1 of 14)
I5Reported Values'	References	Experimental Parameters		Species	
1-—                    ■            l--1 1                            1 " Dioxins and Furnns					
Compound; 2,3,7,8-tctrachlorodibi:nzc>-p-dioxin				Recommended BCF Value:	1.59
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibeiiza-p-dioxin (TCUD) as follows:					
14.5	Martinucci, Crespi, Omodeo, Osella, and Traldi (1983)	20-day exposure		Not specified	
9.41 0.64 0.68 0.17	Reinecke and Nash (19S4)	20-day exposure		Aliotobaphora caliginosa Ltanbiicus nibellus	
Compound: l ,2,3,7,8-pcntachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin				Recommended Value: 1.46	
Tlie BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =			1.59x0.92	-1,46	
Compound: 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibeiiw^p-dioxin				Recommended Value: 0.49	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =			1.59x0.31	=0.49	
Co m po imd; 1,2,3,6,7,8-hex ac h to rod i be n ro -p - di oxi n				Recommended Value: 0.19	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =			1.59x0.12	= 0.19	
Compound: 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexaclilorodihcrizo-p-dioxin				Recommended Value: 0.22	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF --			1.59 x 0.14	= 0.22	
Compound: 1.2,3,4,6,7,8,-Itcpinchlorodil>cnzo-p-dioxm				Recommended Value: 0.081	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =			1.59 x0.051	= 0.081	
Compotmd: Occh 1 orodibcnzo-p-dioxin				Recommended Value: 0.019	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 1,59 x 0.012-0.019					
Compound:         2,3,7,8^et rn c h torodi b crizo furan				Recommended BCF Value:	1.27
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =			1.59 x 0.80	=1.27	
Compound:        1,2,3,7,8 -pc n tac h 1 orodibe n zoftirnn				Recommended BCF Value:	0.32
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIE INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg CO PC/kg wet tissue) / (nig COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 2 of 14)
16Reportcd Values* References	experimental Parameters		Species	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) {U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows;: BCF		=1.59x0.22	= 0.32	
Compound: 2,3,4,7,8-pcntactdorodibcnzofmaii			Recommended BCF Value:	2.54
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59 x 1.6-	2.54	
Compound:          1,2,3,4,7,8-hcxachlorodibcnzofiiran			Recommended BCF Value:	0.121
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.076 = 0.121		
Compound:         1,2,3,6,7,8-hc xachlnrodtbcnzoftiran			Recommended BCF Value:	0.30
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.19	= 0.30	
Compound: 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexachlorodibcni;ofüran			Recommended BCF Value:	1.07
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.07	=1.07	
Compound:          1,2,3,7,8,9-heJtachlorodtbcriiofiiraii			Recommended BCF Value:	1.00
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.63	= 1.00	
Compound:         1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodiuenzofHran			Recommended BCF Value:	0.017
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.011	= 0.017	
Compound:         1,2,3,4,7,8,9-hcptachlorodibenzofuran			Recommended BCF Value:	0.62
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59 x 0.39	= 0.62	
Compound: Octochlorodibcn^ofuran			Recommended BCF Value:	0.025
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEE) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF		=1.59x0.016 = 0.025		
Poly nuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)				
Compound: Bcn/.o(a)pyrene			Recommended BCF Value;	0.07
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values for benzo(a)pyrene. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers over soil dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".		and Lee (1988) were converted to earthworm wet weight		
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 3 of 14)
l7Reportcd Values'	References	experimental Parameters	Species
0.12 0.14 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.06	Rhctt, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Cotnpoou rid;       1) c n z o(a)anth ra ccne			Recommended BCF Value: 0.03
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 15 values for benzo(a)anthracene. The values reported in Marquenie, Simmers, and Kay (1987) were converted to wet weight nvcr dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 ■-.			
0.07 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.003 0-07 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09	Marquenie, Simmers, and Kay (1987)	3 2-day exposure	Eisenia foelida
Compound: Bcn7o(h)f1uoranthcne			Recommended BCF Value: 0.07
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values for benzo(b)fluoranthene. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 *.			
0.11 0.16 0.06 0.04 0,06 0.05	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foelida
Compound: Bcnw>(k)fluoranthene			Recommended BCF Value: 0.08
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 15 laboratory values for benzo(k)fluoranthene. The values reported in Marquenie, Simmers, and Kay (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99a.			
0.13 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.07 0.24 0.12 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.06 0.04	Marquenie, Simmers, and Kay (1987)	32 day exposure	Eisenia foelida
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 4 of 14)
l8Reportcd Values'	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound: Chryscne			Recommended BCF Value: 0.04
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 15 laboratory values for chrysenc. The values reported in Marqucnie, Simmers, and Kay (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 '.			
0.O6 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.14 0.007 0.14 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.10	Marquenic, Simmers, and Kay (1987)	32-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Compound:         D ibe n zo(a, h )an lliraccnc			Recommended BCF Value: 0.07
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 15 laboratory values for Dibcnz(a,h)anlhrceiie. The values reported in Marquenie, Simmers, and Kay (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 '.			
0.18 0.13 0.1O 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.10 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05	Marqucnie, Simmers, and Kay (1987)	32-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Compound:        I ndcno{ 1,2,3 -cd)py renc			Recommended BCF Value: 0.08
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values for indeno(l dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".		,2,3-cd)pyrene. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) were converted to wet weight over	
0.07 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.05	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Pol)chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)			
Compound: AroclorlOI6			Recommended BCF Value: 1.13
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 5 of 14)
i9Rcpnrted Values'	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 laboratory values for a mixture of l'CB congeners. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) and Kreis, Edwards, Cuendet, and Tarradellas (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99			
1.43 0.81 0.75 1.07 1.17	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia Joelida
1.92 1.16	Kreis, Edwards, Cuendet, and Tarradellas (1987)	Chronic exposure	Nicodrilus sp.
Compound:         Aroclor 1254			Recommended BCF Value: 1.13
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 laboratory values for a mixture of PCD congeners, The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) and Kreis, Edwards, Cuendet, and Tarradellas (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 a.			
1.43 0.81 0.75 1.07 1.17	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
1.92 1.16	Kreis, lidwards, Cuendet, and Tarradellas (1987)	Chronic exposure	Nicodrilus sp.
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) I (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 6 of 14)
20 Reported Values*
References
Sji pi'it'.s
Nttroaroinattcg
Compound:
1,3-Dinitrobenzeiie
Recommended BCF Value: 1.19
No empirical data were available for 1,3-dinitrobcnzene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819xlog        1.146 (Soutli worth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log 1^.= 1.491 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound:
2,4-Diniirololnene
Recommended UCf* Value: 3.08
No empirical data were available for 2,4-dinitrotoIuene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K^. - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where logK„w= 1.996 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound:
2,6-Dinitrotohiene
Recommended BCF Value: 2.50
No empirical data were available for 2,6-dinitrotoluene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log        1.146 (South worth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder S978), where log K„„=> 1.886 (U.S. liPA 1994b).
Co inpound:
Nitrobenzene
Recommended BCF Value: 2.26
No empirical data were available for nitrobenzene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K,,, - 1.14(5 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K^^ 1.833 {U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound:
Pcntachloronitrobcnzenc
Recom me nd cd BC F Va I ue: 4SI
No empirical data were available for penlachloronitroberaene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„„,- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log fc^. - 4.640 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Phlhalatc Esters
Compound: I)is(2-ethylhexyl)phlhnlate Recommended BCF Value; 1,309
No empirical data were available for bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF" was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0,819 x log K^,- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K,w = 5.205 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Di(n)oclyl phlhalatc Recommended BCF Value: 3,128,023
No empirical data were available for di(n)octyl phthatalc or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log     - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log     = 9,330 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)	
(Page 7 of 14)	
21 Repurk'd Values"                              References                                          Experimental Parameters	Species
Volatile Organic Compounds	
Compound: Acetone	Recommended BCF Value: 0.05
No empirical data were available for acetone or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound.The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log Kolt -1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder (1978), where lüg K,,a   -0.222 (Karickoff and Long 1995).	
Compound: Acrylonitrilc	Recommended BCF Value: 0.11
No empirical data were available for ncrylonitrile or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log     - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 0.250 (Karickoff and Long 199$).	
Compound: Chloroform	Recommended BCF Value: 2.82
No empirical data were available for chloroform or fora structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF-0.819x logK^- 1.146(Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log= 1.949 (U.S. EPA 1994b).	
Compound: Crotonaldehyde	Recommended BCF Value: 0.20
No empirical data were available for crotonaldehyde or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using (he following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log Kj„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„,T = 0.55 {Based on equations developed by Hanschand Leo 1979, calculated in NRC (1981)).	
Compound: 1,4-Dioxanc	Recommended BCF Value: 0.04
No empirical data were available for 1,4-dioxane or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log IC,,, - 1,146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log     - -0.268 (U.S. RPA 1995a).	
Compound: Formaldehyde	Recommended BCF Value:  0.14
No empirical data were available for formaldehyde or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. Tiie BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K^, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 0.342 (U.S. EPA 1995a).	
Compound:        Vinyl chloride	Recommended BCF Value: 0.62
No empirical data were available for vinyl chloride or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 1.146 (U.S. EPA 1994b).	
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 8 of 14)
22Repoi led Values'
References
Experimental Parameters__Species
Other Chlorinated Organic;
Compound: Carbon Tclrachloridc Recommended BCF Value: 12.0
No empirical data were available for carbon tetrachloride or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K^- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmiedcr 1978), where log     = 2.717 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Hcxachlorabenzcnc Recommended BCF Value: 2,296
No empirical data were available for hexachlorobenTene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation; iog BCF = 0.819 x log K„w- 1.146 (Sonthworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log ^- 5.503 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Hexacrilorobutadicnc Recommended BCF" Value: 535
No empirical data were available for hexachlorobutadiene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x logK,,,- 3,146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmiedcr 1978) where log K^.-4.731 (U.S. EPA 1994b),
Compound: I lexachlorocyclnpenladiciie Rccom me tided BCF Value: 745
No empirical data were available for hcxachlorocyclopentadiene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K^. - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder (1978), where log     - 4.907 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound;        Pcntachlorobenzcne Recommended BCF Value: 1,050
No empirical data were available for pentachlorobenzene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF-0.819 x logK^ - 1,146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmiedcr (1978), where logK„„ = 5.088 (U.S. EPA 1994b),
Compound: Pentachlorophcnol Recommended BCF Value: 1,034
No empirical data were available for pentachlorophcnol or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation log BCF = 0.819 x log K„„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder (1978), where log K„„ - 5.080 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Pesticides
Compound:        4,4'-DDE Recommended BCF Value: 1.26
Empirical data for 4,4'-DDE were not available. The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 13 laboratory values for 4,4'-DDT. The first six values reported in Gisii (1970), Davis (1971), and Beyer and Gish (1980) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".
0.08 0.39 0.29 0.41
Davis (1971)
Chronic exposure
LumbliCUt terrestris
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIO CON CENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
		(Page 9 of 14)	
23 Reported Values'	References	Kxpcrimcnlal Parameters	Species
0.83	Beyer and Gish(19S0)	Chronic exposure	Aporrectodea Irapezoides Aparrectodea lurgida Allolobojihora chlorotica Lwnbricus terrestris
0.85 1.20 2.40 4.60 2.50 1.60	Wheatley and Hardman (1968)	Chronic exposure	Not specified
10.00 14.46	Yadav, Mitlad, Agarwal, and Pillai (1981)	Chronic exposure	Pheretima posthuma
Compound: Hcpiachlor			Recommended BCF Value:   i .40
Empirical data for heptachlor were not available. The BCF was calculated using 1 laboratory value for heptaehlor epoxide. The value reported in weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".			Beyer and Gish (1980) was converted to wet
1.40	Beyer and üish (1980)	Chronic exposure	Aporrectodea irapezoides Aparrectodea turgtda AUolohophora chlorotica Lunitiricus terrestris
Compound: Hexachlorophene			Recommended BCF Value: 106,970
No empirical data were available for hexachlorophene or for a structurally-similar surrogate compound, The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„,- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder (1978), where log ^ = 7.540 (Karickoff and Long 1995).			
Inorganics			
Compound: Aluminum			Recommended BCF Value: 0.22
Empirical data for aluminum were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Compound; Antimony			Recommended BCF Value: 0.22
Empirical data for antimony were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Compound: Arsenic			Recommended BCF Value: 0.11
:■:■[—			
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 10ofl4)
24 Reported Values'	Hefe retires	Experimental Parameters	Species
The BCF was calculated using the geometric; mean of 5 laboratory values for arsenic as listed below. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988} were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 ".			
0.14 0.10 0.10 0.17 0.06	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Compound; Barium			Recommended BCT Value: 0.22
Empirical data for barium were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Compound: Beryllium			Recommended BCF Value; 0.22
limpirical data for beryllium were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Compound: Cadmium		■	Recommended HCF Value: 0.96
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 22 laboratory values for cadmium. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) and Simmers, Rhett, and Leo (1983) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99*.			
0.33 0.72 0.25 0.19 3.17 0.55 0.70 0.35	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	
0.13 0.50 0.29 8.77 1.25 7.86 0.17 6.67 0.11 3.95 8.01 1.50 4.39 2.10	Simmers, Rhett, and Lee (1983)	Chronic exposure	Allolobopkora longa A. caliginosa A. rosea A. chlorottca Lumbtiats letresttis A. tumbricus Octoiasitim sp.
Compound:         Chromium (total)			Recommended BCF Value: 0.01
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values for chromium. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99*.			
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIO CON CK NT RATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soll)
(Page U of 14)
25Rcpor<ed Values'	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
0.004 0.004 0.05	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
Compound; Copper			Recommended BCI; Vnluc: 0.04
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 9 laboratory values for copper. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988) were converted to wet weight over dry weiglit using a conversion factor of 5.99".			
0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.04 0.04	Rhett, Simmers, and Lcc (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
0.24	Ma (1987)	Chronic exposure	Lumbriciis ntbeltus
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soll)
(Page 12 of 14)
26Keporlcd Values"	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound:         Cyanide (total)			Recommended BCF Value: 1.12
Empirical data for cyanide were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, methyl mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Com pound: Lead			Recommended BCF" Value: 0.03
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values for lead. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988), Ma (1987), and Van Hook {! 974} were converted to wet weight over dry weigtit using a conversion factor of 5.99*.			
D.02 0.OO6 0.07	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1933)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
0.19	Ma (1987)	Chronic exposure	Not specified
0.12	Ma (1982)		Not specified
0.03	Van Hook (1974)	Chronic exposure	Alabophera sp. l.umbricits sp. Oclolasium sp.
Compound:         Mercuric chloride			Recommended BCF Value: 0.04
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values for mercuric chloride. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (19B8) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99°.			
0.04 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.02	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure; tissue concentrations of <0.05 were reported for the first three ratios, however, a concentration of 0.05 was used in order to calculate a conservative BCF value.	Eisenia foetida
Compound:         Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF Value: 8.50
The FJCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as presented below. The values reported in Beyer, Cromartie, and Moment (1985) were earthworm wet weight over soil wet weight with 60 percent soil moisture. The soil weight was converted to dry weight to result in the values presented below:			
8.25 8.31 8.95	Beyer, Cromartie, and Moment (1985)	6 to 12-week exposure	Eisenia foetida
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE* BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 13 of 14)
27 He ported Values*	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound: Nickel			Recommended BCF Value: 0.02
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values for nickel. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988} were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".			
0.O3 0.01 0.04	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee 1988	28-day exposure	Eiseniu foelida
			
Compound: Selenium			Recommended BCF Value: 0.2 2
Empirical data for selenium were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of (he recommended values for those inorganics w cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			ith empirical data available (arsenic,
Compound: Silver			Recommended BCF Value; 0.22
Empirical data for silver were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
Compound;        Thai Hum			Recommended BCF Value: 0.22
Empirical data for thallium were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for those inorganics with empirical data available (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, nickel, and zinc).			
TABLE C-l
SOIL-TO-SOIL INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRA HON FACTORS (mg COPC/kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil)
(Page 14 of 14)
28Keportcd Values"	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound: Zinc			Recommended BCP Value: 0.5ft
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values for zinc. The values reported in Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988), Ma (1987), and Van Hook (1974) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99 *.			
0.11 0.O6 0.58	Rhett, Simmers, and Lee (1988)	28-day exposure	Eisenia foetida
10.79	Ma (1987)	Chronic exposure	Not specified
1.28	Van Hook (1974)	Chronic exposure	Alabophera sp. Lumbricus sp. Octolasium sp.
Notes:
(a) The reported values are presented as the amount of COPC in invertebrate tissue divided by the amount of COPC in the soil. If the values reported in the studies were
presented as dry tissue weight over dry soil weight, they were converted to wet weight over diy weight by dividing the concentration in dry earthworm tissue weight by 5.99 This conversion factor assumes an earthworm's total weight is 83.3 percent moisture (Pietz et al. 1984).
The conversion factor was calculated as follows:
„ „  , 1.0 gram le) earthworm total weight
Conversion Jactor=---—---
1.0 g earthworm total weight - 0.833 g earthworm wet weight
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 1 of 7)
1 -rr-—1—1-j--———-1-—-1—-- Reported Values                                    References                                Experimental Parameters	--———-.———.- . Species	
Dioxins ant) !■ uraiis		
Compound:        2,3,7,8-Tclrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0056	
The BCF for these constituents were calculated using the following regression equation; log BCF = 1.588 - 0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„* = 6,64 (U.S. EPA !994a).		
Compound: l,2,3,7,8-Tctrachlorodibcnzn.p-dioxiit(l,2,3,7,8-PcCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0052	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056 x 0.92 =0.0052	
Compound: I,2,3,4,7,8-Hcxachlorodiber2c^p-<lioxin(l,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0017	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF -	0,0056x0.31 =0.0017	
Compound:          1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexaehlorodibenzo-p-dioxhi (1,2,3,6,7,8-!IxCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.00067	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056 xO. 12 =0.00067	
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibcnzo-p-dioxtn (1,2,3,7,8,9-llxCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.00078	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056 x 0.14 = 0.00078	
Compound:          1,2,3,4,6,7,8-1 fcplocblorodibenAi-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.00029	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056 xO.051 =0.00029	
Compound:         Oclachlorodibcnzo-p-dioxin (OCDD)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.000067	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056x0.012 = 0.000067	
Compound:         2,3,7,8-Tctrachlorrxlitanzo-p-furai] (2,3,7,8-TCDF)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0045	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) {U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0.0056x0.80 = 0.0045	
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8-Peiitaclilorodibenzxi-p-furan (1,2,3,7,8-PcCDF)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0011	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -	0.0056x0.22 = 0.0011	
Compound:         2,3,4,7,8-Pcirtachlorodi'wnzo-p-furan (2,3,4,7,8-PcCDF)	Recommended BCF Value: 0.0090	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	0,0056x1.6 = 0.0090	
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 2 of 7)
Reported Values
Refer* nets
Experimental Parameters
Species
Comp on iid:
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hcxaclilorc^ibcnzo-p-furan (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF)
Recommended HCl' Valne: 0.00043
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (US. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 x 0.076 - 0.00043 Compound: 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibcn70-p-ftiran (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF)
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0011
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 xO.19 =0.0011
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0038
Compound:
2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexaclilorodibcnzo-p-furan (2,3,4,6,7,8-llxCDF)
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 x0.67 • 0.0038 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hcxachlorodibcnzo-p-fnran (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF)
Compound:
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0035
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 x0.63 - 0.0035 Compound: 1.2.3.4,6,7,8-ncptachlorodibcnzo-p-ftiran (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)
Recommended BCF Value: 0.000062
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF «0.0056 xO.Ol 1 = 0.00062 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heplaclilorodibciizo-p-futaii (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-MpCDF)
Compound:
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0022
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) {U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 xO.39 = 0.0022 Compound: Octachlorodibenro-p'fiiran (OCDF)
Recommended BCF Value: 0.000090
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 0.0056 xO.016 = 0.000090
Polynuclcar Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)
Compound:
Bcnzc<a)pyretie
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 1.588 - 0.578 x log K01, (Travis and Anns 1988), where log K„„ - 6.129 (U.S. EPA 1994b). Compound: Bcnzo(a)anthraccne
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0202
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 1.588 - 0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K0„ = 5.679 (U.S. EPA 1994b). Compound Bcnzo(b)lluorantricnc
Recommended BCF Value. 0,0101
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 1.588 - 0.578 x log K„v (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K,w = 6.202 (U.S. EPA 1994b). Compound: Benzo(k)fluoranllienc
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0101
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry (issue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 3 of 7)
Reported Values References		Experimental Parameters	Species
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0.578 x log Kmv (Travis and Anns 1988), where log K„„	= 6.2 (Karickhoff and Long 1995).
Compound: Chryscnc			Recommended I3CF Value: 0.0187
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0.578 x log K0„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„w	= 5.739 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Dibenzo(a,li)antb.rncerie			Recommended BCF Value: 0.0064
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988), where log Kow	= 6.547 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: lndcno(l,2,3-cd)pyrenc			Recommended BCF Value: 0.0039
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0,578 x log K„w (Travis and Arms 1988), where log	= 6.915 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Polychlori noted Biphenyls (PCBs)			
Compound:         Aroclor 1016			Recommended BCF Voltte: 0.01
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = (U.S. EPA 1994b).	1.588	- 0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988); using the log K	„w for Aroclor 1254, where log 6.207
Compou n d:         Aroel or i 2 S 4			Recommended BCF Value. 0.01
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation; log BCF = (U.S. EPA 1994b).	1.588	- 0.578 x log      (Travis and Arms 1988); using the log      for Aroclor 1254, where log K,„= 6,207	
Nitroaromattcs			
Compound: 1,3-Dinitrobcnzenc			Recommended BCF Value: 5.32
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0.578 x log (C„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„„	= 1.491 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: 2,4-Dinilrotoluen«			Recommended BCF Value: 2.72
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1	■ 0.578 x log K,,, (Travis and Anns 1988), where log	= 1.996 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound          2,6-Dinitro toluene			Recommended BCF Value: 3.15
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	- 0.578 x log K^, (Travis and Arms 1988), where log Kuw	- 1.886 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound; Nitrobenzene			Recommended BCF Value: 3.38
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 4 of 7)
Reported Values References		Euperi mental Parameters	Specks	
The BCF was calculated using (he following regression equation: log BCF -	1.5B8	0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K0ll.	= 1.833 (U.S. EPA 1994b).	
Compoun d:         Penta c h i oron i (robe nzene			Recommended BCF Value: 0,08	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588	0.578 x log [(„„ (Travis and Anns 1988), where log K<,w	= 4.640 (U.S. EPA 1994b),	
		Phihalatc Esters		
Compound:         B i s(2 -ethyl h cxyl )pht h al ale			Recommended BCF Value: 0.038	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588-	0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988), where log	= 5.205 (US. EPA 1994b).	
Compound:         Di(n)octy] phihalatc			Recommended BCF Value: 0.000157	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 ■	0.578 x log      (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K,w	= 9,33 (U.S. EPA 1994b).	
	Volatile organic compounds			
Compound: Acetone			Recommended BCF Value: 52	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 ■	0.578 x log K^, (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„w	= -0.222 (U.S. EPA 1994c).	
Compound: Acrylonitrilc			Recommended UCF Value: 27.77	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588-	0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Anns 1988), where log	= 0.250 (KarickhofTand Long 1995).	
Compound: Chloroform			Recommended BCF Value: 2.9	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 -	0.578 x log     (Travis and Arms 1988), where log Kaw	= 1.949 (U.S. EPA 1994b).	
Compound: Crotonaldehyde			Recommended BCF Value: 18.63	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 -	0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„w	= 0.55 (Hansch and Leo 1979).	
Compound:         1 ,4-Dioxanc			Recommended BCF Value: 55.32	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 -	0.578 x log K„^ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„^	= -0.268 (U.S. EPA 1995c).	
Compound: Formaldehyde			Recommended 13CK Value: 24,57	
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588-	0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K0„	= 0.342 (U.S. EPA (1995c).	
Compound:         Vinyl chloride			Recommended BCF Value: 8.43	
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 5 of 7)
Reported Values References	Experimental Parameters	Species
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log     (Travis and Arms 1988). where log	= 1.146 (U.S. EPA 1994b)
Other Chlorinated Organic*		
Compound:         Carbon tetrachloride		Recommended BCF Value: 1.04
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988), where log K„„	= 2.717 (U.S. EPA 1994b)
Compound; Hcxachlorobenzene		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0255
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log K„„ (Travis and Arms 1988), where log Kmv	= 5.503 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Hcxachlorobutadictic		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0714
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log Kow (Travis and Arms 1988), where log Kow	= 4.731 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Hcxnchlorocyclopcntadicnc		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0565
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log     (Travis and Arms 1988), where log	= 4.907 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Pcntachlorobcnzcnc		Recommended BCF Value: 0.044
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log K,„ (Travis and Anns 1988), where log K„w	= 5.088 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Compound: Pentachlorophcnol :>                       ,               ... . ■		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0449
The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF =	1.588 - 0.578 x log K„w (Travis and Anns 1988), where log Ka„	= 5.08 (U.S. EPA 1994b).
Pesticides		
Compound: 4,4-DDE		Recommended BCF Value: 0.00937
The BCF for these constituents were calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 1.588 - 0.578 x log K,^ (Travis and Arms 1988)., where log K,w ■ 6.256 (U.S. EPA 1994b).		
Compound: Heptachlor		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0489
The BCF for these constituents were calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 1.588 - 0.578 x log K„1V (Travis and Arms 1988)., where log K„„ - 5.015 (U.S. EPA 1994b).		
Compound: Hcxachlorophcnc		Recommended BCF Value: 0.0017
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 6 of 7)
Reported Values__References__Experimental Parameters _ Species
The BCF for these constituents were calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 1.588 - 0.578 x log K,,, (Travis and Arms 1988)., where log K„„ = 7.54 (Kancklioff and Long 1995).
Inorganics
Compound: Aluminum Recommended BCF Value: 0.004
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: Antimony Recommended BCF Value: 0.2
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: Arsenic Recommended BCF Value: 0.036
The BCF for (his constituent was based on empirical data reported in U.S. EPA (1992c). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound Barium Recommended BCF Value: 0.15
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound; Beryllium Recommended BCF Value: 0.01
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: Cadmium Recommended BCF' Value: 0.364
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in U.S. EPA (1992c). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound:        Chromium (total) Recommended BCF Value: 0.0075
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not repotted.
Compound; Copper Recommended BCF Value: 0.4
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported,
Compound: Cyanide (total) Recommended BCF Value: No data
No empirical or K„„ data were available for this constituent.
Compound: Lead Recommended BCF Value: 0.045
TABLE C-2
SOIL-TO-PLANT AND SEDIMENT-TO- PLANT BI O CO NC E NT RATION FACTORS (mg COPC/kg dry tissue) / (mg COPC/kg dry soil or sediment)
(Page 7 of 7)
Reported Values	References	Experimental Parameters	Species
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.			
Compound:         Mercuric chloride			Recommended BCF Value: 0.0375
The BCF was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 values for mercuric chloride (IIgCI2).			
0.022 0.032 0.075	Cappon (1981)	The values were derived from studies during one growing season using 20 food crop vegetables.	Not specified.
Compound:         Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF Value: 0.137
The BCF was calculated using (he geometric mean of 3 values for methyl mercury.			
0.062 0.149 0.277	Cappon(1981)	The values were derived from studies during one growing season using 20 food crop vegetables.	Not specified.
Compound: Nickel			Recommended BCF Value: 0,032
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in U.S. EPA (1992c), Experimental parameters were not reported.			
Compound: Selenium			Recommended BCF Value: 0.016
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in U.S. EPA (1992c). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: Silver Recommended BCF Value: 0.4
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: Thallium Recommended BCF Value: 0.004
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in Baes, Sharp, Sjoreen and Shor (1984). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Compound: 7-inc
The BCF for this constituent was based on empirical data reported in U.S. EPA (1992c). Experimental parameters were not reported.
Recommended BCF Value: 0.0000000000012
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 1 of 18)
Reporte*! Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters		Species	
Dioxins and Furans					
Compound:         2,3(7,8-Te(rachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)				Recommended BCF' Value:	1,560
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 values from data reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD),					
1,762 1,381	Yockim, Isensee, and Jones (1978)	32-day exposure duration		Daphnid; Heiiosoma sp.	
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo{p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PcCDD)				Recommended BCF" Value:	1,435
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0.92-1,435		
Compound:          l,2l3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD)				Recommended BCF Value:	483.6
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			-1,560x0.31 =483.6		
Compound:         l,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachtorodibenzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD)				Recommended BCF Value:	187.2
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			-1,560 x. 0.12-187.2		
Compound:          l,2,3,7,8,9-Hcxachlorodibcnzo<p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD)				Recommended BCF Value:	218.4
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0,14=218.4		
Compound; l12,3,4f6,7,8-Hcptaehlorodibenzo(p)dioxin(l,2,31416,7(8-HpCDD)				Recommended BCF Value:	79.6
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF			=1,560x0.051 = 79.6		
Compou nd:         Oc lach 1 orcxl i ben zo{p) d iox i n (OC DD)				Recommended BCF' Value:	18.7
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0.012= 18.7		
Compound:         2,3,7,8-Tclracltlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	1248
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0.80= 124		
Compound:          1,2,3,7,8-Pcntachlorodibctizofuran (1,2,3,7,8-FcCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	343.2
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			= 1,560x0.22 = 343.2		
Compound:         2,3,4,7 .S-Penlachlorcdibcnzonrran (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)				Recommended BCF1 Value;	2,496
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQLATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 2 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters		Species		
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			= 1,560 x 1.6	= 2,496		
Compound:          1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachtorodibenzofnrnti (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	118.6	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			= 1,560x0.076= 118.6			
Compound: l,2,3,6,718-Hcxachlorodibcnzofuran(l,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	296.4	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0.19 = 296.4			
Compound: 2,3,4,ó<7,8-Hexachlorodibena)furan(2,3,410,7,a-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	1,045	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (US. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			= 1,560x0,67= 1,045			
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8,9-1 lexachlorodibcnzofitfan (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	982.8	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF			= 1,560x0.63 = 982.8			
Cotnpoti nd: |,2,3,4,6,7,8-HeplachlorodibcnTOfuran(i,2,3,4,6,718-HpCDF)				Recommended BCF Value:	17.2	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF			=1,560x0.011 = 17.2			
Compound:          1,2,3,4,7,8,9-1 ieptachlorodi benzol ran (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-1 IpCDF)				Recommended BCF Value;	608.4	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF			-1,560x0.39 = 608.4			
Compound:         Octachlorodibena)furan (OCDF)				Rccoinntended BCF Value;	25.0	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF			= 1,560x0.016 = 25.0			
Polynuclcar Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)						
Compoun d:        Benzo(a) pyre tie				Recommended BCF Value; 4,697		
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values as follows:						
55,000	Eadie, Land rum, and Faust (1982)	Reported as the mean of the measured PAH concentrations in tlie test species and the sediment		Pontoporcia hoyi		
12,761	Newsted and Giesy (1987)	24-hour exposure duration		Daphnia magna		
						
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 3 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
861	Roesijadi, Anderson, and Blaylock (1978)	7-day exposure duration	Macoma inquinata
3,000	Lee, Gardner, Anderson, Blaytock, and Barwell-Clarke (1978)	8-day exposure duration. The reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug/g)/(|ig/L)j conversion factor of 1 x 10J was applied to the value.	Crassostrea virginica
2,745 2,158	Levcrscc, Landrum, Giesy, and Fannin (1983)	6-hour exposure duration; 0.2 ppm concentrated humic acid added to test medium	Daphnia magna
(.'■Mil pound.         Uctizofii) anthracene			Recommended BCF Value: 12,299
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:			
18,000	Lee, Gardner, Anderson, Blaytock, and Barwell-Clarke (1978)	8-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(M-g/gyfjig/L)] conversion factor of 1 x 10! was applied to the value.	Crassostrea virginica
10,225	News ted and Giesy (1987)	24-hour exposure duration	Daphnia magna
10,109	Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder (1978)	24-hour exposure duration	Daphnia pulex
Compound: Benzo(b)i]uoranthcnc			Recommended BCF Value: 4,697
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Compound; Denzo{k)ilUorftntlienc			Recommended BCF Value: 13,225
The BCF value was based on one laboratory value as follows:			
13,225	Ncwsted and Giesy (1987)	24-hour exposure duration	Daphnia magna
Compound: Chryscuc			Recommended BCF Value: 980
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 laboratory values as follows;			
5,500	Eastmond, Booth, and Lee (1984)	Not reported	Daphnia magna
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 4 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
248 199 1,809 418	Millea, Corliss, Farragut, and Thompson (1982)	28-day exposure duration; reported values were based on accumulation in the cephalothorax and abdomen at exposures of 1 or 5 ug/L in a cloed seawater system.	Penaeus duorarum
ö,088	Newsted and Gicsy (1987)	24-hour exposure duration	Daphnia magna
694	Roesijadi, Anderson, and Blaylock (1978)	7-day exposure duration	Macoma inquinata
Compound: Dibcnzo(a,h).inthracenc			Recommended BCF Value: 710
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
652 773	Lcversee, Landrum, (Jiesy, and Fannin (1983)	6-hour exposure duration	Daphnia magna
Compound: lndeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrcne			Recommended BCF Value: 4,697
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Polychlorinated Blphenyls (PC Hs)			
Compound:         Aroclor 1016			Recommended BCF Value: 13,000
The BCF value for Aroclor 1016 was calulatcd using one laboratory value as follows:			
13,000	Parrish et al. (1974) as cited in EPA (1980b)	84 day exposure Edible portion	Crassoslrea virginica
Compound:        Aroclor 1254			Recommended BCF Value: 5,538
The BCF value for Aroclor 1254 was calulated using the geometric mean 13 laboratory values as follows:			
41,857 6,900 5,679	Rice and White (1987)	Field study	Sphaerium striatum
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 5 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Speeles
750 740 3,800 1,500 6,200 3,500 2,600 2,700	Mayer, Mchrle, and Sanders (1977)	4 to 21-day exposure	Orconectes nais; Daphnia magna; Gammarm pseudolimnaeus; Palaemontes kadiakensis; Corydalus cornutus; Culex iarsalis; Chaoburus punctipennis
120,000	Veith, Kuehl, Puglisi, Glass, and Eaton (177)	Field samples	Zooplankton
340,000 in lipid 51,000 dry tissue	Scuta and Theilacker (1977)	45 days exposure	Brachiomis plicatilis
>27,000	Nimmo et al, (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	Field data Whole body	Invertebrates
740	Mayer ct al, (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	21 days exposure	Pteronarcys dorsata
1,500	Mayer et al, (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	7 days exposre	Corydalus cornutus
750	Mayer el al. (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	21 days exposure	Orconecles nais
373	Mayer et al. (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	5 days exposure	Nereis diver sicolor
140	Duke ct al. (1970) as cited in EPA (1980b)	2 day exposure	Penaeus duorarum
8,100	Duke et al. (1970) as cited in EPA (1980b)	2 days exposure	Crassostrea virginica
236	Courtney and Langston (1978) as cited in EPA (1980b)	5 days exposure	Arenicola marina
iNitroaromatics			
Compound: 1,3-Dinitrobciizene			Recommended 13CF Value: 13
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 6 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Laboratory data were not available for tins constituent, BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluenc was used as a surrogate.			
Compound: 2,4-Dinitrotolucnc			Recommended BCF Value: 13
The recommended BCF value is based on one study as follows:			
13	Liu, Bailey, and Pearson (1983)	4-day exposure duration	Duphnia magna
Compound; 2,6-Dinitrotolucnc			Itccommclidcd BCF Value: 13
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as a surrogate.			
Compound: Nilrobcnzene			Recommended BCF Value: 13
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent, BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as a surrogate.			
Compou n d:        Pe n I ach 1 oroni troben ze ne			Recommended BCF Value: 13
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as a surrogate.			
Plithatatc Esters			
Compound; Bis(2-elhylhexyl)plit!ialalc			Recommended BCF Value: 318
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 12 laboratory values as follows:			
2,497	Brown and Thompson (1982)	14 to 2 8-day exposure duration	Mytitus edulis
257	Perez, Davey, Lackie, Morrison, Murphy, Soper, and Winslow (1983)	30-day exposure duration	Pilar jnorfkauna
48 2237	Sanders, Mayer, and Walsh (1973)	14-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug/g)/(fig/L)], and a conversion factor of 1 x 10' was applied to the value. The reported value was also converted from dry weight to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99*.	Gammarus pseudnlinmacus
1,214 17,473 2,271 24,456	Sodergren(1982)	27-day exposure duration	Chironomus sp.; Sialis sp,; Phanorbis corneus; Gammarus pulex
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (rag COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 7 of 18)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters			Specks
11 1Ü 7 17	Wofford, Wilscy, Neff, Giam, and Ncff(1981)	24-hour exposure duration			C/'assostrea virginica; Penasits aziecits
Compound:        Di(n)oclyl phahalatc					Recommended BCF Value: 5,946
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:					
13,600 2,600	Sanborn, Metcalf, Yu, and Lu (1975)	Not reported			Pliysia sp.; Dapftnia sp.
Volatile Organic Compounds-					
Compound: Acetone					Recommended BCF Value: 0.05
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent, The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = and Schmieder 1978), where log K,w - -0.222 (Karickoff and Long 1995)			= 0.819 x log Kolv - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp,		
Compound: Acryloniirite					Recommended BCF Value: 0.11
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = Schmieder 1978), where Log Kolv = 0.250 (Karickoff and Long 1995).			0.819 x log K(,w - 1,146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and		
Compound: Chloroform					Recommended BCF Value: 2.82
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF -Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 1.949 (U.S. EPA 1994b).			0,8	19 x log K„w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and	
Compound: Crotonaldehyde					Recommended BCF Value: 0.20
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.: and Schmieder 1978) where, log K,™ ~ 0.55 {Based on equation developed by Hansch and Leo (1979), as calculated in NRC (1981)).				U9 x log K„, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp,	
Compound:         1,4-Dioxanc					Recommended BCF Value: 0.043
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF -Schmieder 1978) where, log K,„ ■= -0.268 (U.S. EPA 1995a).			0.8	19 x log KD,„ -1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and	
Compound: Formaldehyde					Recommended BCF Value: 0.14
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent.   The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF and Schmieder 1978) where, log K\,,v = 0.342 (U.S. EPA 1995a).			- 0.	819 x log K^, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp,	
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQLATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 8 of 18)
Reported Values'		Reference	Experimental Parameters		Species
Compound;	Vinyl chloride				Recommended BCF Value: 0.62
laboratory data were not available for this constituent.The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = and Schmicder 1978) where, log K™ = 1,146 (U.S. EPA 1994b).				0.819 x log K„„ - 1.146 (South worth, Beau champ.	
Other Chlorinated Organics					
Compound:	Carbon tetrachloride				Recommended BCF Value: 12
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent, The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation:  log BCF and Schmieder 1978) where, log Kow = 2.717 (U.S. EPA 1994b).				= 0.819 x log     - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp,	
Compound:	He x ac h lorobcnzcnc				Recommended BCF Value: 2,595
The BCF val	ue was calculated using the geometric mean of 16 laboratory values as follows:				
215,331 8,051 11,064		Baturo and Lagadic (1996)	48 to 120-hour exposure duration		Lymnaea palustris
1,360 1,510 1,630	770 940 1,030	Isen see, Holden, Wool son, and Jones (1976)	31 -day exposure duration		Heliosoma sp.; Daphnia magna
287 1,247		Metealf, Kapoor, Lu, Schuth, and Sherman (1973)	1 to 33-day exposure duration		Daphnia magna: Physa sp.
17,140 21,820 5,000		Nebeker, OrifTis, Wise, Hopkins, and Barbitta(1989)	28-day exposure duration		Otigochaete
24,000		Oliver (3987)	79-day exposure duration		Oligochaete
5.5		Schauerte, Lay, Klein, and Korte (1982)	4 to 6-week exposure duration		Dytiscus marginal!*
Compound:	I Icxachlorobuladicnc				Recommended BCF Value: 10.5
The BCF value was based on four laboratory values from one study as follows:					
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page9ofl8)
Reported Values"		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
6.27 45.4 11.1 3.86		Laseter, Bartell, Laska, Holmquist, Condie, Brown, and Evans (1976)	10-day exposure duration	Procambarus clarki
				
Compound:	Hexachlorocyclopcntadiene			Recommended BCF Value: 1,232
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:				
929 1,634		Lu, Metcalf, Hirwe, and Williams (1975)	Not reported	Physa sp. Culex sp.
Compound:	Pcntachlorobcnzcnc			Recommended BCF Value: 2,595
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent, The BCF for hcxachlorobenzene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound:	Pcntachlorophcno!			Recommended BCF Value: 52
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 13 laboratory values as follows:				
145 342		Makelaand Oikari (1990)	1 -day exposure duration	Anodonta anatina
165		Luand Metcalf (1975)	1-day exposure duration	Daphnia magna
81 461		Makela, Petanen, Kukkonen, and Oikari (1991)	Multiple exposure durations	Anodonta anatina
80 121	61 85	Makela and Oikari (1995)	2 to 36-weck exposure duration	Anodonta anatina; Pseudanodonta complanta
42 72	0.26 1.7	Schimmel, Patrick, and Faas (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Crassoslrea virginica; Penaeits aztecu.v, Palaemonetes pugio
Pesticides				
Compound:	4,4'-DDE			Recommended BCF Value: 11,930
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 14 field values""' (Reich, Perkins, and Cutter 1986).				
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 10 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
19,400 4,421 207,070 8,782 67,641 2,374 5,099 2,197 8,344 46,953 15,369 35,373 4,983 3,972	Reich, Perkins, and Cutter (1986)	Field samples.	Tubificidae; Chironomidae; Corixidae
36,342 39,390	Metcalf, Sanborn, Lu, and Nye (1975)	33-day exposure duration	Pliysa sp.; Culexpipiens quinquefascialus
28,600                13 JO 63,500 51,600 36,400	Hamelink, Waybrant, and Yant (1977)	Not reported	Zooplankton
19,528 5,024	Metcalf, Sangria, and Kapoor (1971)	33-day exposure duration; The value reported in Hamelink and Waybrant (1976) was converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor was 5.99",	Physa sp.; Culex pipiens quinquefascialus
19,529	Metcalf, Kapoor, Lu, Schuth, and Sherman (1973)	33-day exposure duration	Physa sp.
Compound: Hcplachlor			Recommended BCF Value: 3,807
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:			
37,153 31,403	Lu, Metcalf, Plummet, and Mandel (1975)	Not reported	Physa sp. Culex sp.
300 600	Schimmel, Patrick, and Forester (1976)	96 hour exposure duration	Penacus duaramm
Compound: HcxachiuTopchcne			Recommended BCF Value: 970
The BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
970	Sanborn (1974)	Not reported	Physa sp.
inorganics			
Compound: Aluminum			Recommended BCF Value: 4,066
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
		(Page 11 of 18)	
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for 14 inorganics with laboratory data available (antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc).			
Compound: Antimony			Recommended BCF Value: 7
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric means of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
10	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater and marine invertebrates
Compound: Arsenic			Recommended BCF Value: 73
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values as follows:			
33 50 45 219 131	Spchar, Fiandt, Anderson, and DcFoe (1980)	21 to 28-day exposure duration	Pleronarcys dorsala; Daphnia magna
Compound: Barium			Recommended BCF Value: 20O
The BCF was based on one study as follows:			
200	Thompson, Burton, Quinn andNg (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater invertebrate
Compound: Beryllium			Recommended BCF Value: 45
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
10 200	Thompson, Burton, Quinn and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater invertebrate
Compound: Cadmium			Recommended BCF Value: 3,461
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 8 field values as follows:			
238 549 894 3,577 1 1,383 15,936 9,897 27,427	Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995)	Field samples,	Chironomidea; Ephei mcroplera
TABLE C~3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 12 of 18)
Reported Values* Reference		Experimental Parameters	Species
1,490 2,460 720	Eisler, Zaroogian, and Hennekcy (1972)	3-week exposure duration	Qassostrea virginica; Aquipecten itradians; Homarus americanus
165	George and Cooinbs (1977)	28-day exposure duration	Mytilus eduiis
1,359 137 2,939 217 615 1,850 573 1,530 1,082 781 775 553	Giesy, Kanio, Boling, Knight, Mashburn, and Clarkin (1977)	52-week exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(pg/g)/(pg/L)] conversion factor of 1 x 101 was applied to the value A conversion factor or 5,99w was used to convert dry weight to wet weight.	Ceraiopogonidae; Chiionomidae; Beetle; Anisotptera; Zygoptera; Ephemeroptera
1,840	Gillespie, Rcisinc, and Massaro (1977)	8-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ppm)/(ppb)] and a conversion factor of 1 x 103 was applied to the value.	Oiconectcs propinquos prupinquos
3,770 1,752	Graney, Cherry, and Cairns (1983) Jennings and Rainbow (1979)	28-day exposure duration 40-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(mg/g)/(ppm)] conversion factor of 1 x 10' was applied to the value. A conversion factor or 5.99(a> was used to convert dry weight to wet weight.	Corbicula jhtminea Catcinus maenas
1.86 6.88 7.18			
660 3400	Klockner(1979)	64-day exposure duration	Ophtyothochadiadema Sp.
48 33 57 34 55 23	Nimmo, Lightner, and Bahner (1977)	28 to 30-day exposure duration	I'cnacus duorarum
1.023 17.7 1,477 17.5 2,412 30 3,406 28.7 37.2	Pesch and Stewart (1980)	42-dayexposure duration; the values reported in Pesch atrd Stewart (1980) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99w.	Aigopeclen irradians; Palaeinonetes pugio
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 13 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
57 301 341 167	Phillips (1976)	35-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug/g)/(pg/L)] conversion factor of 1 x 101 was applied to the value.	Mytilus edulis
160	Pringle, Hissong, Katz, and Mulawka (1968)	70-day exposure duration	Mya arenaria
3,500	Sundelin (1983)	66-week exposure duration	Pontoporeia affinis
123 89 93 67 48 115	Theede, Scholz, and Fischer (1979)	7 and 10-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ng/gV(rig/L)] conversion factor of 1 x 10} was applied to the value. A conversion factor or 5.99' was used to convert dry weight to wet weight.	Laomedea loveni
2,150 13,600	Zaroogian and Cheer (1976)	40-week exposure	Crassosírea virginica
Compound:        Chromium (total)			Recommended BCF Value: 3,000
The BCF value was based on 1 field value as follows:			
3,000	Namminga and Wilhm (1977)	Field samples.	Chironomidae
1,900	NAS(I974)	Not reported	Zooplankton
2,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater invertebrates
Compound: Copper			Recommended BCF Value: 3,718
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 9 field values as follows:			
546	Namminga and Wilhm (1977)	Field samples.	Chironomidae
2,896 3,066 5,111 4,940 1 1,130 4,174 8,347 2,862	Saiki, Castlebcrry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995)	Field samples.	Chironomidae; Ephemeropiei a
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCO NC ENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 14 of 18)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
373	Eisler(1977)	14-day exposure duration	Mya arenai a
17,720 22,571	Graney, Cherry, and Cairns (1983)	28-day exposure duration	Corbicuia fluminea
54 53 87 48 70 57 35 44	Tories, Jones and Radlett (1976)	25-day exposure duration	Nereis diver.iicohr
800	Majori and Petronio (1973)	8-day exposure duration	Mytilus galloprovinciahs
104 2,792	McLusky and Phillips (1975)	21-day exposure duration	Phylloduce macutata
37 40 43 42	Nehring(1976)	14-day exposure duration; the value reported was converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99<a).	Pteronarcys califomica
2,462	Pesch and Morgan (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Nereis arenaccodentata
35 185.S 69 26.5	Phillips (1976)	35-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug/g)/(ug/L)], a conversion factor of 1 x 103 was applied to the value.	Mytilus edulis
5,160 11,800 6,800 19,000 1 1,560 27,800 12,540 22,500	Shuster and Pringle (1968)	35, 70, 105, and 140-day exposure duration	Crassostrea virginica
160	Pringle, Hissong, Katz, and Mulawka (1968)	70-day exposure duration	Mya armaria
Compound;        Cyanide (total)			Recommended I3CP Value: 4,066
Laboratory data were not available for this constituent. The recommended RCF is the iirithmctic mean of the recommended values for 14 inorganics with laboratory data available (antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc),
Compound: Lead Recommended DCF Value: 5,059
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 field values as follows:
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 15 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
8,076 7,237 3,636 3,575 5,671 3,890	Nchring, Nisson, and Minastan (1979)	Field samples.	Tipulidae; Para quetina sp.; Heptageniidae; Nemaura sp.; Macronemtm sp.; Amsoptera
2500	Borgmann, Kramar, and Loveridge (1978)	120-day exposure duration	Lymnaea pahislris
357	Eisler{!977)	14-day exposure duration	Mya arenara
111 50 63 71 63	Nehring{1976)	14-day exposure duration; the reported value was converted from dry weight to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99w.	Petronarcys californica
1520 502.5 765 555	Phillips (1976)	35-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug/g)/(u,g/L)], and an unit conversion factor of 1 x 10' was applied to the value.	Mytihis edulis
578 1,097	Zaroogian, Morrison, Heltshe (1979)	20-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ug'gyfu&'kg)], and an unit conversion factor of 1 X 10! was applied to the value. A conversion factor or 5.99'" was used to convert dry weight to wet weight.	Crassostrea vhginica
Compound:        Mercuric cliloride			Recommended BCF Value: 20,184
The BCF value was based on 6 laboratory values as follows:			
100,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Marine and freshwater invertebrates
12,000	Kop(ter(1974)	74-day exposure duration; the reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ppm)/(ppb)], and an unit conversion factor of 1 x 103 was applied to the value.	Crassostrea virgitiica
13,633 14,600 14,217 19,916	Thurberg, Calabrese, Gould, Greig, Dawson, and Tucker (1977)	30 to 60-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ppui)%pb)], and an unit conversion factor of 1 x 101 was applied to the value.	Hörnums americanus
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 16 of 18)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound:        Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF" Value: 55,000
The BCF value was based on 1 laboratory value as follows:			
55,000	Kopfter(1974)	74-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the dry tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(ppm)/(ppb)J and a conversion factor of 1 x 10' was applied to the value.	CraSSOStrea virginlca
Compound. Nickel			Recommended BCF Value: 28
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:			
100 250	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater and marine invertebrates
2 12	Watras, MacFarlane, and Morel (1985)	Reported values adopted from a high and low range.	Daphnla magna
Compound: Selenium			Recommended BCF Value: 1,262
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values as follows:			
229,000	Besser, Canfield, and LaPoint (1993)	96-hour exposure duration	Daphnia magna
90 930	Hermanutz, Allen, Rnush, and Hedtke (1992)	365-day exposure duration	Lepomis macrochirus
167 1,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, andNg (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater and marine invertebrates
Compound; Silver			Recommended BCF Value: 298
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean ofl2 laboratory values as follows:			
1,391 5,100 2,203 1,056 6,500 1,435	Cafabrcse, Maclnnes, Nelson, Greig, and Yevich (1984)	540 to 630 day exposure duration; he reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration [(mg/kg)/(ug/L)], and an unit conversion factor of 1 x 103 was applied to the value.	Mytilus edulis
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 17 of 18)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
1,711	Metayer, Amiard-Triquet and Baud (1990)	14-day exposure duration	Crassoslrea gigas
30 13 22 12 18	Nehring(]976)	14-day exposure duration; the reported value in Nehring (1976) was converted from dry weight to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99w.	I'leronarcys California*
Compound:        Thallium                                                                                                                                       Recommended BCF Value: 15,000			
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
15,000 15,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater and marine invertebrates
Compound:        Zinc                                                                                                                                    Recommended BCF Value; 4,578			
The BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 9 field values as follows:			
30,036	Nammiitga and Wilhm (1977}	Field samples.	Chironomidae sp.
2,613 4,718 2,199 6,625 1,282 3,876 3,210 10,274	Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995)	Field samples; the reported value was converted from dry weight to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99,a).	ChiroHornidae sp., Ephemeropiera sp.
50 3,000	Deutelt, Borg, Kloster, Meyer, and Moller (1980)	9-day exposure duration	Marine invertebrates
143	Eisler (1977)	14-day exposure duration	Mya arenaria
358 511 631	Graney, Chcrry, and Cairns (1983)	28-day exposure duration	Corbicula Jhiminea
499 95 326 53 159 25 92 15 43 7	Nchring(l976)	14-day exposure duration; the reported value was converted from dry weight to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.99(".	Ephemerella grandts; Pleronarcys californica
TABLE C-3
WATER-TO-AQUATIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 18ofl8)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
519 2,615 315 184	Phillips (1976)	35-day exposure duration	Mytilus edulis
85	Pringle, Hissong, Katz, and Mulawka (1968)	50-day exposure duration	Mya arenaria
O
Notes: (a)
The reported values are presented as the amount of COPC in invertebrate tissue divided by the amount of COPC in the water. If the values reported in the studies were presented as dry tissue weight over amount of COPC in water, they were converted to wet weight by dividing the concentration in dry invertebrate tissue weight by 5.99. This conversion factor assumes an invertebrate's total weight is 83.3 percent moisture, which is based on the moisnire content of the earthworm (Pietz et al. 1984).
The conversion factor was calculated as follows:
Conversion factor -
1.0 gram (g) invertebrate total weight
1.0 gram (g) invertebrate total weight - 0.833 g invertebrate wet weight
(b)
Reported field values for organic COPCs arc assumed to he total COPC concentration in water and, therefore, were converted lo dissolved COPC concentration in water using the following equation from U.S.EPA (1995b):
DCF (dissolved) = (BCF (total) / frJ) - 1
where:    BCF (dissolved) = BCF based on dissolved concentration of COPC in water
BCF (total) = BCF based on the field derived data for total concentration of COPC in water frd - Fraction of COPC that is freely dissolved in the water
where:    ffll = 1 / [ 1 + ((DOC x      / 10) + (POC x K^)]
DOC = Dissolved organic carbon, kilograms of organic carbon / liter of water (2.0 x 10'06 Kg/L)
K0„ = Octanol-watcr partition coefficient of the COPC, as reported in U.S. EPA (1994b)
POC ■ Particulate organic carbon, kilograms of organic carbon / liter of water (7.5 x lO'09 Kg/L)
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 1 of 12)
Reported Values'
Reference
Experimental Parameters
Species
Dioxins and Furans
Compound:
2,3,7,8-I'etrachlorodil>enzo(p)dioxin(2,3,7,8-TCDD)
Recommended BCF value: 3,302
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:
4,000 9,000
1,000
Yockim, Isensec, and Jones (1978)
Yockim, Isensee, and Jones (1978)
Values adopted from a high to low range; reported values were for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD).
32-day exposure duration; reported values were for 2,3,7,8-1(1)1).
Leona minor
Oedogonium cardiacum
Compound:
l,2,3,7,8-Pcntachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD)
Recommended UCF value: 3,038
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF - 3,302 x 0.92 - 3,038 Compound:
1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD) The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 x0.31 = 1,024 Compound:
Recommended BCF value: 1,024
l,2,3,6,7,8-Hcxachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD)
Recommended BCF value: 396.2
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 xO. 12 = 396.2 Compound. I,2,3,7,8,9-Hcxachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD)
Recommended BCF value: 462.3
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 xO. 14 = 462.3 l,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin(l,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)
Compound:
Recommended BCF value: 168.4
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 x0.051 = 168.4
Compound: Octachlorodibcnzo{p)dioxiii (OCDD) Recommended BCF value: 39.6
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 x0.012 = 39.6 Compound:         2,3,7,8-Tctrachlorodibcnzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) Recommended BCF value: 2.642
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF - 3,302 x0.80 - 2,642 1,2,3,7,8-Pcnlachlorodibenzofuran l,(2,3,7,8-PeCDF)
Compound:
Recommended BCF value: 726 4
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF - 3,302 x0.22 =726.4
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (nig dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 2 of!2)			
Reported Values' Reference	experimental Parameters		Specks
Compound:         2,3,4,7,8-Pcnlachlrjrodibenzofuraji (2,3,4,7,8-PcCDF)			Recommended BCF value: 5,283
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -		3,302x1.6 = 5,283	
Compound.
1,2,3,4,7,8-1 lexachlorodibcnzofuran (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF)
Recommended BCF value: 251.0
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 x 0.076 = 251.0
Compound: 1,2,3,6,7,8 Hexachlorodibcnzoftiran (1,2,3,6,7,8-llxCDF) Recommended BCF value: 627.4
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 xO. 19 - 627.4
Compound: 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hcxachlorodibcnzofiiran (2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF) Recommended BCF value: 2,212
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 3,302 x0.67 = 2,212
Compound: l,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibei_ofuran (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF) Recommended BCF value: 2,080
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF - 3,302 x 0.63 - 2,080
Compound:         1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heplachlorodibcnzofuran (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)	Recommended BCF value;	36.3
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	3,302x0.011 =36.3	
Compound:         l,2,3,4,7,8,9-HcptachlorodibciuK)ruran (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDI)	Recommended BCF value:	1,288
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -	3,302x0.39= 1,288	
Compound:         Ociachlorodibcnzofuran (OCDF)	Recommended BCF value: 52.8	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =	3,302x 0.016 = 52.8	
Pnlynuclcar Aromatic Hydrocarbons (I'Alls) -i-----_----_-___:__;-------__--:-:-Li-_____.....---------------,------_-----.................-——=—£—■-------		
Compound:
Benzo(a)pyrcnc
Recommended BCF value: 5,258
The recommended BCF value was based on a single measured value for benzo(a)pyrene. This value was also used as a surrogate for all high molecular weight PAIIs for which laboratory data were not available.
5,258
I._, Metealf, Plummer, and Mandel (1977)
3-day exposure duration
Oedogontum cardiacum
Compound:
Benzo(a)anthraccnc
Recommended BCF value: 5,258
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 3 of 12)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
1 Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Compound: Bcnzo(b)lluor.iniheiic			Recommended BCF value: 5,258
laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Compou nd:         Ben zo( k) fl uoranthe tie			Recommended BCF value: 5,258
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for bcnzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Compound: Chryseiic			Recommended BCF value: 5,258
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BC1- for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
Compound:         Di ben z(a,h)ant hraccne			Recommended BCF value: 5,258
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for beiizo(a)pyreiie was used as a surrogate.			
Compound: lndcno{	,2,3-cd)pyrcne		Recommended BCF value: 5,258
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for bcnzo(a)pyrenc was used as a surrogate.			
PolycNlorlnatcd Bi phenyls (PCBs)			
Compound:        Aroclor 1016			Recommended BCF value: 476,829
The reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration (ppm/pptr) A conversion factor of 1 x value is based on Aroclor 1254 since there was no available data for total PCB.			10s was applied to the value. The BCF
476,829	Scura and Theilacker (1977)	45-day exposure to Aroclor 1254	Dunaliella sp.
Compound;         Aroclor 1254			Recommended BCF value: 476,829
The reported value was calculated by dividing the wet tissue concentration by the medium concentration (ppm/pptr). A conversion factor of 1 x 10' was applied to the value. The BCF value is based on Aroclor 1254 since there was no available data for total PCB.			
476,829	Scum and Theilacker (1977)	45-day exposure to Aroclor 1254	Dunaliella sp.
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page4ofl2)
Reporied Values'	Reference	Experimental Parantclers		Species
Nltroaromalics				
Compound:         1,3-Dinilrobcnzcnc				Recommended BCF value: 2,507
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound: 2,4-Dinitrotolnene				Recommended BCF value: 2,507
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:				
2,507	Liu, Bailey, and Pearson (1983)	4-day exposure duration		Setanastrum capricornatum
Compound: 2,6-Dini(robenzcne				Recommended BCF value: 2,507
Laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF for 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound: Nitrobenzene				Recommended BCF value: 24
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:				
24	Geyer, Viswanathan, Freitag, and (Corte (1981)	1-day exposure duration		Chlorella fusca
Compound:         Penlacliloronii rohenzene				Recommended BCF value: 4,740
The recommended BCF value calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:				
3,100	Geyer, Viswanathan, Freitag, and Körte (1981)	1-day exposure duration		Chlorella fusca
4,795 7,534	Körte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis(1978)	1-day exposure duration; The values reported in Korte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis (1978) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 2.92 ".		Chlorella fusca
4,508	Wang, Harada, Watanabe, Koshikawa, and Geyer (1996)	Not reported		Chlorella fusca
PhthalHte Esters				
Compound:         B is( 2-clhy 1 h exy I) p h lha la t e				Recommended BCF value: 9,931
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 5 of 12)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:				
5,400	Geyer, Viswanathan, Freitag, and Korte (1981)	1-day exposure duration	Chlorella fusca	
18,263	Sodergren (1982)	27-day exposure duration	Chara chara	
Compound:         Di(n)uctyl phlfialnie			Recommended BCF value:	28,500
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows;				
28,500	Sanborn, Metcalf, Yu, and Lu (1975)	33-day exposure duration	Oedogontum cardiacum	
		Volatile Organic Compounds		
Compound: Acetone			Recommended BCF value:	0.05
laboratory data were not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log rC„„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log     = -0.222 (Karickoff and Long 1995)				
Compound; Acrylonitrile			Recommended BCF value:	0.11
Laboratory data are not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K™ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where logK,„ - 0.250 (Karickoff and Long 1995)				
Compound: Chloroform			Recommended BCF value:	2.82
Laboratory data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log fC^- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„,v - 1.949 (U.S. EPA 1994b)				
Compound: Crolonaldehyde			Recommended BCF value:	0.20
Laboratory data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„v = 0.55 (based on equation developed byllansch and Leo 1979, calculated in NRC (1981))				
Compound; 1,4-Dioxane			Recommended BCF value:	0.04
Laboratory data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where logK„w = -0.268 (U.S. EPA 1995a)				
Compound: Formaldehyde			Recommended BCF value:	0.14
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 6 of 12)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Laboratory data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log rC,„,-1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 0.342 (U.S. EPA 1995a)			
Compound:         Vinyl chloride ■			Recommended BCF value: 0.62
Laboratory data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log KjW - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 1.146 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
		Other Chlorinated Organic:	
Compound:         Carbon tetrachloride			Recommended BCF value: 300
The recommended BCF value was based on laboratory data as follows:			
300	Geyer, Politzki and Freitag (1984)	1 -day exposure duration	Chlorella fvsca
Compound:         llexachl orobc n zc ne			Recommended BCF value: 11,134
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows;			
24,800	Geyer, Politzki, and Freitag (1984)	1-day exposure duration	Chlorella fusca
610	Isensee, Holden, Woolson and Jones (1976)	31 -day exposure duration	Ocdogomum cardiacum
41,096	Körte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis(1978)	1-day exposure duration; the values reported in Korte, Frcitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis (1978) were converted to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 2.92 ".	Chlorella fusca
24,717	Wang, Harada, Watanabe, Koshikawa, and Geyer (1996)	Not reported	Chlorella fusca
Compound:         1 lexachlorobutadicnc			Recommended BCF value: 160
The recommended BCF value calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
160	Laseter, Bartell, Laska, Holmquist, Condic, Brown, and Evans (1976)	7-day exposure duration	Oedogonium cardiacum
■ 160	U.S. EPA (1976)	Not reported	Algae
Compound: Hcxachlorocyclopeniadienc			Recommended BCF value: 610
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 7 of 12)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:			
1,090	Geyer, Viswanathan, Freitag, and Korte (1981)	Not reported	Chlorella fusca
341	Lu, Metcalf, Hirwe, and Williams (1975)	Not reported	Oedogonium cardiacum
Compound: Penlachlorobcnzcnc			Recommended BCF value: 4,000
The recommended BCP value was based on one study as follows:			
4,000	Geyer, Politzki, and Freitag (1984)	1-day exposure duration	Chlorella fusca
Compound: Pcntachlorophcnol			Recommended BCF value: 1,711
The recommended BCF value calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:			
1,250	Geyer, Viswanathan, Freitag, and Korte (1981)	1-day exposure duration	Chlorella fusca
2,055 2,534 1,781	Korte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis (1978)	1-day exposure duration; the values reported in Korte, Frcitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis (1978) were convened to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 2.92 *.	Chlorella fusca
1,266	Wang, Harada, Watanabe, Koshikawa, and Geyer (1996)	Not reported	Chlorella fusca
		Pesticides	
Compound:         4,4-DDE			Recommended BCF value: 11,251
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
11,251	Metcalf, Sanborn, Lu, amlNye (1975)	33-day exposure duration	Oedogonium cardiacum
Compound: Hcptachtor			Recommended BCF value: 21,000
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
21,000	U.S. EPA (1979)	Not reported	Algae
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page8ofT2)
Reported Values'	Referente	Experimental Parameters		Spceies	
Compound: Hcxaclilorophene				Recommended BCF value:	1,500
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:					
1,500	Sanborn (1974)	Not reported		Algae	
		Inorganics			
Compound: Aluminum				Recommended BCF value: 833	
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:					
600	Thompson, Burton, Quirin, and Ng (1972)	Not reported		Algae (marine plants)	
Compound: Antimony				Recommended BCF value:	1,475
The recommended value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:					
1,500 1,450	Thompson, Burton, Quirin, and Ng(1972)	Not reported		Not reported	
Compound: Arsenic				Recommended BCF value: 293	
The recommended value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:					
5	Anderson et al. (1979)	42-day exposure duration		Lenma minor	
3,000 1,670	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng 1972	Not reported		Not reported	
Compound: Barium				Recommended BCF value:	260
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:					
2S0	Schroeder(1970)	Not reported		Brown algae	
Compound: Beryllium				Recommended BCF value:	141
The recommended value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:					
20 1,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported		Not reported	
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page9ofl2)
Reported Values*		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound:	Cadmium			Recommended BCF value: 782
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values as follows:				
300 1,000 370 1,000		Fisher, Bohe, and Teyessie (1984)	Not reported	Thalassiosira pseudonana Dunaliella lerliolecla Emiliania hiixleyi Oscitlatoria woronichinti
2,065		Hutchinson and Czyrska (1972)	21 -day exposure duration; The values reported in Hutchinson and Czyrska (1972) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 2.92'.	Lemna vatdiviana
1,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Not reported
Compound:	('In milium (total)			Recommended BCF value: 4,406
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 8 laboratory values as follows:				
343		Jouany, Vasseur, and Fcrard (1982)	28-day exposure duration; the values reported in Jouany, Vasseur, and Fcrard (1982) were converted to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 2.92'.	Chlorella vulgaris
1,600		NAS (1974)	Not reported	Benthic algae
26,316 8,485 29,000 5,000		Patrick, Bott, and Larson (1975)	4 experiments consisting of 1-month exposure durations	Mixed algae
4,000 2,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Not reported
Compound:	Copper			Recommended BCF value: 541
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values as follows:				
17		Basticn and Cote (1989)	50-day exposure duration	Scenedesmus quadricauda
827 1,644		Stokes, Hutchinson, and Krauter (1973)	2-day exposure duration	Scenedesmus sp.
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIO CON CENTRATION FACTORS (mg COI'C / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 10 of 12)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
2,000 1,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Freshwater and marine plants
Compound:         Cyanide (lolal)			Recommended BCF value: 22
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
22	Low and Lee (1981)	72-hour exposure duration	Eichhomia crussipes
Compound; Lead		. . _______	Recommended BCF value: 1,706
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:			
100 5,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Not reported
9,931	Vighi (1981)	28-day exposure duration; the values reported in Vighi (1981) were converted to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 2.92',	Selen astrutn capticornutum
Compound;         Mercury chloride			Recommended BCF value: 24,762
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
24,762	Watras and Bloom (1992)	Field samples	Phytoplankton
Compound;         Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF value: 80,000
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
80,000	Wattas and Bloom (1992)	Field samples	Phytoplankton
Compound: Nickel			Recommended BCF value: 61
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:			
32 34	Hutchinson and Stokes (1975)	6-day exposure duration	Scenedesmus sp.
50 250	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(1972)	Not reported	Not reported
TABLE C-4
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS <mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 11 of 12)
Reported Values'		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
Compound:	Selenium			Recommended BCF value: 1,845	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using (he geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:					
15,700		Besser, Canfield, and LaPoiut (1993)	24-hour exposure duration	Ch iamydomonas reinkardtti	
400		Dobbs, Cherry, and Cairns (1996)	25-day exposure duration	Chloreila vulgaris	
1,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(I972)	Not reported	Not reported	
Compound:	Silver			Recommended BCF value: 10,696	
The recommended BCF value was calculated rising the geometric mean of 5 laboratory values as follows:					
34,000 13,000 24,000 66,000		Fisher, Bone, and Teyssie (1984)	Not reported	Thalassiosira pseudonana Dunaliella tertiolecta Emiliania huxleyi Oscillatoria woronichinii	
200		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Not reported	
Compound:	Thallium			Recommended BCF value: 15,000	
The re commended BCF was based on one study as follows:					
15,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(1972)	Not reported	Not reported	
Compound:	Zinc			Recommended BCF value: 2,175	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 17 laboratory values as follows;					
285 4,395		Andryushhenko and Polikarpou (1973)	5-day exposure duration	Ulva rigida	
4,680		Baudin(1974)	34-day exposure duration	Cladophoau	
70 600 1,200 1,400 170,000		Deuten, Borg, Kloster, Meyer, and Möller (1980)	9-day exposure duration	Codium fragile Enter omoipha sp. Viva lacttica FUcus senatus Marine plankton	
TABLE 04
WATER-TO-ALGAE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 12 of 12)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
12,000 10,000 4,600 5,200	Fisher, Bohe, and Teyssie (1984)	Not reported	Thatassiosira psettdonana Dunatielta tertiolecta Emiliania huxleyi Oscittatoria woronichinii
524 1,015	Munda(1979)	12 day exposure; The values reported in Munda (1979) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 2.92'.	Enteromorpha prolifeia Fiwus vivsoides
255	U.S. EPA (1987a)	6-day exposure duration	Ulva lactuca
20,000 1,000	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Not reported
ro
Notes;
(a)        The reported values are presented as the amount of COPC in algae divided by the amount of COPC in water. If the values reported in the studies were presented as dry tissue weight over the amount of COPC in water, they were converted to wet weight over dry weight by dividing the concentration in dry algae tissue weight by 2.92. This conversion factor assumes an algae total weight is 65.7 percent moisture (Isensee, Kearney, Woolson, Jones and Williams 1973). The conversion factor was calculated as follows:
„ r . FO g algae total might
Conversion factor=
1.0 g algae total weight    0.675 g algae wet weight
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 1 of 19)
Reported V;il	ues	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species		
Dioxins and Furans						
Compound:	2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorinated dibcnzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)			Recommended BCF value;	4,235	
The recommended value was calculated using the geometric mean of 12 laboratory values for several PCDD compounds as follows:						
5,800		Adams, UcGrncvc, Sabourin, Cooncy, and Mosher(1986)	28-day exposure duration, 20-day elimination; reported data were for 2,3,7,8-tctrachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)	Pimephales promelas		
9,270		Branson, Takahashi, Parker, and Blau (1985)	6-hour exposure duration, 139-day depuration	Oncorhynchus mykiss		
39,000		Mchrlc, Buckler, Little, Smith, Petty, Peterman, Stalling, DeGraevc, Coyle, and Adams (1988)	28-day exposure duration	Oncorhynchus mykiss		
810 2,840 513 5,834		Muir, Marshall, and Webster (1985)	4 to 5-day exposure duration, 24 to 28-day depuration; values are based on a high to low range of reported values.	Oncorhynchus mykiss Pimephales promelas		
2,769 2,269		Yockim, Isensee, and Jones (1978)	15-day exposure duration	Gambusia affinis Iclalurus sp.		
5,000 9,300 7,900		U.S. EPA (1985)	Not reported	Pimephales promelas		
Compound:	1,2,3,7,8-Pcntachlorodibenzo(p)dioxii) (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD)			Recommended BCF value:	3,896	
The 13CF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.92 -3,896						
Compound:	l,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibcnwi(p)dioxinil.2,314,7,8-llxCDD)			Recommended BCF value:	1,313	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -4,235 x 0.31 = 1313						
Compound:	l,2,3,6,7,8-llcxaehlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin(l,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD)			Recommended BCF value:	508.2	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.12 =508.2						
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 2 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference                                        Experimental Parameters	Species		
Compound;         1.2,3,7,8,9-1 Icxnchlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8,9-IIxCDD)		Recommended BCF value:	592.9	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows; BCF =4,235 x 0.14 =592.9				
Compound:         1,2,3,4,6,7,8-1 Icplachlorodibcnzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-1 IpCDD)		Recommended BCF value:	215.9	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.051 =215.9				
Compound:        Octachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (OCDD)		Recommended BCF value:	50.8	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.012 =50.8				
Compound:        2,3,7,8-Tctrachlorinatcd dibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF)Compound:		Recommended BCF value:	3,388	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) {U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -4.235 x 0.80 =3,388				
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8-Pcn(achlorodibcnzo(p)l'uran (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF)		Recommended BCF value;	931.7	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BF.F) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -i		1,235 x 0.22 =931.7		
Compound:         2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibcnzo(p)furan (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)		Recommended BCF value:	6,776	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 xl.6 =6,776				
Compound:         l,2,3,4,7,8-llcxachloraiibcnzo(p)iUran (1,2,3,4,7,8-IlxCDF)		Recommended BCF value:	3,21.9	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.076 =3,21.9				
Compound: l,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibcnzo(p)furan (1,2,3,6,7,8-1 IxCDF) Recommended BCF value: 804.7
The I3CF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.19 =804.7
Compound: 2,3,4,6,7,8-ltcxachlorodibcnzo(p)furan (2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF) Recommended BCF value; 2,837
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.67 = 2,837
Compound: I^^.S^-llcxaehloroditenzoOOfuraii (1,2,3,7,8.9-HxCDF) Recommended BCF value: 2,668
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.63 -2,668
TABLE CS
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 3 of 19)
Reported Values                            Reference                                       Experimental Parameters	Species	
Compound:         l,2,3,4,6,7,8,-lleptachloredibcnzo<p)furan (t,2,3,4,6,7,11-HpCTJI-)	Recommended BCF value:	46.6
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.011 =46.6		
Compound:         1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Hcptaclilorodibcnzo(p)ruran (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF)	Recommended BCF value:	1,651
The BCF was calculated using (he TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -4,235 x 0.39 =1,651		
Compound:         Octachlorodibenzo(p)furan (OCDF)	Recommended BCF' value:	67.8
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =4,235 x 0.016 =67.8		
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)		
Compound: Bcnzo(a)pyrenc	Recommended BCF value:	500
The recommended value is that presented in Stephan (1993), which was the geometric mean of 16 laboratory values. This BCF" for benzo(a)pyrene is also recommended for high molecular weight PAH for which empirical data are not available.		
500             1 Stephan (1993)                                           Not reported	Not reported	
Compound: Benzo(a)aiithraccnc	Recommended BCF value:	500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.		
Compound: Bcnzo(b)fluornnthciic	Recommended BCF value:	500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrcne was used as a surrogate.		
Compound: Bcn/.o(k)fluoranthcne	Recommended BCF value:	500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The DCF for benzn(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.		
Compound: Chrysene	Recommended BCF value:	500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF for bcnzo(a)pyrcne was used as a surrogate.		
Compound: Dibcnz(a,h)anthraccnc	Recommended BCF value:	500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.		
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 4 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound:         Indcnof 1,2,3-cd)pyrenc			Recommended BCF value: 500
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.			
		Polychlorlnatcd Biphenyls (PCBs)	
Compound:         Aroclor 1016			Recommended BCF value: 22,649
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 field values as follows1''1''':			
25,000	Hansen et al. (1975) as cited in U.S. EPA (1980b)	28 days exposure 1.1 percent lipid Adult	Cyprinodon variegalus
43,000	Hansen et al. (1975) as cited in U.S. EPA (1980b)	28 days exposure Whole body Juvenile	Cyprinodon variegalus
14,400	Hansen et al. (1975) as eitcd in U.S. EPA (1980b)	28 days exposure Whole body Fry	Cyprinodon variegalus
17,000	Hansen et al. (1974) as cited in U.S. EPA (1980b)	21 to 28 days exposure Whole body	Lagodon rhomboides
Compound:         Aroclor 1254			Recommended BCF value: 230,394
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 field values as follows"' d:			
238,000 females 235,000 males	Nebeker, Puglisi, and DeFoe (1974)	Fish exposed for eight months. Residues measured in males and females.	Pimephales promotes
35,481 354,813 281,838	Rice and White (1987)	Field study	Pimephales promeles
46,000	Bills and Marking (1987)	30-day exposure duration Whole body	Oncorhynchus mykiss
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 5 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
13,000,000 in lipid 1,030,000 dry tissue	Scura and Theilacker (1977)	45 days exposure	Engraulis niordex
370,000 1,200,000	Vcithcl al. (1977)	Field samples	Sculpins (bottom fish) Pelagic fish
47,000	Mauck et al. (1978) as cited in U.S. EPA (1980b)	118 days exposure Whole body	Salvellmis fonlinalis
42,000	Snarski and Puglisi (1976) as cited in U.S. EPA (1980b)	500 days exposure Body lipid 2.9 percent Whole body	Salvellnus fonlinalis
37,000	Hansen et al. (1971) as cited in EPA(1980b)	28 days exposure 1.1 percent lipid Whole body	Leioslomus xanthurus
30,000	Hansen et al. (1973) as cited in EPA (1980b)	28 days exposure 3.6 percent lipid Whole body	Cyprinodon variegalus
>670,00	Duke et al. (1970) and Nimino et al. (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	Field data Whole body	Cynoscion nebulosus
>133,000	Nimmo et al. (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	Field data	Fishes
38,000	Halter (1974) as cited in EPA (1980b)	24 days exposure	Salmo gairdnen
61,200	Mayer et al. (1977) as cited in EPA (1980b)	77 days exposure Whole body	Ictalurus punctatus
		Nitroaromatics	
Compound: 1,3-Dinilrobenzene		________!_	Rcconuncndcd BCF value: 74
The BCF for 1,3 -dinitrobenzene was based on one laboratory value as follows:			
	Deencr, Sinnige, Seinen, and Hemens (1987)	3-day exposure duration	Poecilia reticulata
Compound.         2,4-D i n i t rot ol u c n c			Recommended BCF value:   21.04
TABLE C-S
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 6 of 19)
Reported Values		Reference	Experimental Parameters		Species	
Empirical data for this compound were not available The BCF for nitrobenzene was used as a surrogate.						
Compound;	2,6-Dinilrotolucnc				Recommended BCF value:	21.04
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF for nitrobenzene used as a surrogate.						
Compound;	Nitrobenzene				Recommended BCF value:	21.04
The reconunended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:						
29.5		Deneer, Sinnige, Seinen, and Hermens (1987)	3-day exposure duration		Poecilia reticulata	
15		Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	28 -day cxposute duration		Pimephales promelas	
Compound:	Pemach 1 oroni t robenzene				Recommended BCF value:	214
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 laboratory values as follows:						
238		Kanazawa(198I)	Continuous flow test		Pseudorasbora parva	
250 320 380		Körte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Lahaniatis (1978)	24-hr exposure duration		Leucisens idus melanotus	
114 147 169		Niimi, Lee, and Kissoon (1989)	20, 28, and 36-day exposure duration		Oncorhynchus mykiss	
			Phthalate Esters			
Compound:	Bis(2-elhylhexyl)phthalatc				Recommended BCF value:	70
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 14 laboratory values as follows:						
91 569		Mayer (1976)	56-day exposure duration; bas range of reported values.	ed on a high to low	Pimephales promelas	
155 42		Mehric and Mayer (1976)	36 to 56-day exposure		Pimephales promelas Oncorhynchus mykiss	
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (rag COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 7 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
178 10,563 306	Sodergrcn (1982)	27-day exposure duration	Phoxinus phoxinus Lampelra planen Pungilis pungitis
51.5 8.9 1.6	Tan, Barron, and Haylon (1990)	Not reported	Salmo gairdneri
4	U.S. EPA (1992a)	Not reported	Fish
851	Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	Not reported	Pimephales piomelas
10.7 13.5	Woffbrd, Wilsey, Neff, Giam, and Neff( 1981)	24-hour exposure duration	Cypinodon variegalus
Compound:         Di(n)octyl phtlialate			Recommended BCF value: 9,400
The recommended BCF value was based on data from one study as follows:			
9,400	Sanborn, Metcalf, Vu, and Lu (1975)	Not reported	Gambusia ajfinis
Volatile Organic Compounds			
Compound: Acetone			Recommended BCF value:   0.10
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.91 x logic,. - 1.975 xlog(6.8E-07 x        1.0) - 0.786 (Bintein et al. 1993), where log K„„ =-0.222 (Karickolf and Long 1995)			
Compound: Acrylonitrilc			Recommended BCF value: 48
The recommended BCF value was based on data from one study as follows:			
48	Barrows, Petrocelli, Macek, and Carroll (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Lepomis macrochilia
Compound: Chloroform			Recommended BCF value: 3.59
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values follows:			
5.6 3.44 2.4	Anderson and Lusty (1980)	24-hr exposure, 24-hr depuration	Oncorhynchus mykiss Leponis macrochinns Micropterus salmoides
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 8 of19)
Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species		
Compound: Crotonaldehyde			Recommended BCF value:	0.52	
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0 91 x lagK„, - 1.975 x log(6.8E-07 xK^+LO)- 0.786 (Bintein ct al. 1993), where log K>lv = 0.55 (based on equation inHansch and Leo 1979, as calculated in NRC (1981)).					
Compound: Formaldehyde			Recommended BCF value:	0.34	
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.91 x log     - 1.975 x log(6.8E-07 x K,„ + 1.0) - 0.786 (Bintein et al. 1993), where log K„„ = 0.342 (U.S. EPA 1995a)					
Compound:        Vi ny 1 cli 1 ori de			Recommended BCF value:	1.81	
Empirical data were not available for this compound.  The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.91 x log K„„ - 1.975 x log(6.8E-07 x K„„ + 1.0) - 0.786 (Bintein et al. 1993), where log Kow =1.146 (U.S. EPA 1994b)					
		Other Chlorinated OrganiCS			
Compound:         Carbon tetrachloride			Recommended BCF value:	30	
The recommended BCF value was based on 1 laboratory values as follows:					
30	Barrows, Petrocelli, Macck, and Carroll (1978)	28-day exposure duration	l.epomis macrochinis		
Compound: Hcxachlorobcnzcnc			Recommended BCF value:	253	
The recommended BCF value on 1 field value as follows*'0					
253	Oliver and Niimi (1988)	Field samples.	Freshwater fish		
22,000	Carlson and Kosian (1987)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephaies prometáš		
1,260 2,040 6,160 15,850	Isensee, Holden, Woolson, and Jones (1976)	31-day exposure duration	Garnbusia qffinis Icialurus punctatus		
290,000	Koneman and van Lceuwen (1980)	Not reported	Poecilia reticulata		
400 1 420	Korte, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Kraus, and Laham'atis(1978)	1-day exposure duration	Zeuci.iens idus melanotus		
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FfSH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC IL water)
(Page 9 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
32,000 39,000	Kosian, Lemke, Studders, and Veith (1981)	28-day exposure duration	Pimephales promeias
5,200 6,970	Lores, Patrick, and Summers (1993)	30-day exposure duration; based on a high to low range of reported values.	Cyprinodon varicgalus
1 93 287	Metcalf, Kapoor, Lu, Schuth, and Sherman (1973)	3 to 32 day exposure duration	Gambusia affinis
12,240 12,600 15,250 13,330 21,140	Nebeker, Griffts, Wise, Hopkins, and Barbittas (1989)	28-day exposure duration	Pimephales promeias
253,333	Oliver and Niimi (1983)	119-day exposure duration	Oncorhyitchus mykiss
27,000	Schrap and Opperliuizen (1990)	Not reported	PoeciHa reticulata
18,500	Vcith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephales promeias
7,800	U.S. EPA (1987)	Not reported	Oncorhynchus mykiss
8,690	U.S. EPA(1980h)	Not reported	Pimephales promeias
253	Oliver and Niimi (1988)	Field samples.	Freshwater fish
Compound: Hcxachlorobuladiene			Recommended BCF value: 783
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:			
920 1,200	Leeuwangh, Bult, and Schneiders (1975)	49-day exposure duration; 15-day depuration. The values reported in Leeuwangh, Bull, and Schneiders (1975) were converted to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 5.0 ".	Carassius auralus
435	Laska, Bartcll, Lascter (1976)	Not reported	Gambusia affinis
Compound: Hexachlorocyclopentadicnc			Recommended BCF value: 165
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 6 laboratory values as follows:			
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (rag dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 10 of 19)
Reported Values	Refcrcncc	Experimental Parameters	Species
1,230	Freitag, Geyer, Kraus, Viswanathan, Kotzias, Attar, Klein, and Kortc (1982)	3-day exposure duration	Leuclscus idia
448	Lu and Metealf (1975)	Not reported. The values reported in Lu and Metcalf (1975) were converted to wet weight using an unit conversion factor of 5.0 ■	Gambusia affinis
100 1,148	PDdowskiand Khan (1984)	16-day exposure duration	Carassiiis aura tits
11	Spehar, Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	30-day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
29	Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
Compound: Pcillachlorobcnzenc			Recommended BCF value; 12,690
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 12 laboratory values as follows;			
5,100 7,100 7,300	Banerjee, Suggatc, and O'Grady (!984)	2-day exposure duration	Lepomis maaochirus Oncoryncftus mykiss Poecilia reticulata
20,000	Bruggemari, Oppenhuizen, Wijbenga, and Hutzinger(1984)	Not reported	Poecilia reticulata
8,400	Carlson and Kosian (1987)	3 1 -day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
28,183	lkemoto, Motoba, Suzuki, Uchida (1992)	24-hour exposure duration	Olyzlas talipes
- 260,000	Konemann and van Leeuwen (1980)	Not reported	Poecilia reticulata
17,000	Opperhuizcn, Velde, Gobas, Liem, and Steen (1985)	Multiple exposure durations	Poecilia reticulata
6,600	Qiao and Farrcll (1996)	10-day exposure duration	Oncorhynchus mykiss
23,000	Schrap and Oppcrhuizen (1990)	Not reported	Poecilia reticulata
4,700	Van Hoogcn and Opperhuizen (1988)	5-day exposure duration; 21-day depuration	Poecilia reticulata
3,400	Veith, Macek, Petrocclli, and Carroll (1980)	28-day exposure duration	Lepomis maaochirus
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) I (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(PageH ofl9)
1           '■■..............-'- -...... Reported Values	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Compound: Pcntacrilorophcnol			Recommended BCF value: 109
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 20 laboratory values as follows:			
128 776	Garten and Trabalka (1983)	Not reported	Fish
189,5	Gates and Tjeerdema (1993)	1-day exposure duration	Moroni saxalilis
2 131	Kobayashi and Kishino (1980)	1-hour exposure duration	Carassius auratus
350	Kortc, Freitag, Geyer, Klein, Karus, and Lahaniatis(I978)	1-day exposure duration	Zeucisens idus melunolus
16 48 5 27	Parrish, Dyar, Euos, and Wilson (1978)	28 to 151 -day exposure duration	Cyprinadon variegalus
30 38	Schimmel, Patrick, and Faas (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Funidtdtts similis Mttgil cephalus
216	Smith, Bharath, Mallard, Orr, McCarty, and Ozburn(1990)	28-day exposure; 14-day depuration	Jordanella ßnridae
1,066 434 426 281	Spehar, Nelson, Swanson, and Renoos (1985)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
52,3 607	Stehly and Hayton (1990)	96-hour exposure	Carassius auratus
770	Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	32-day exposure	Pimephales promelas
Pesticides			
Compound: 4,4-DDE			Recommended BCF value:   25,512
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 12 of 19)
Reported Values Reference		Experimental Parameters	Species
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 11 laboratory values as follows:			
12,037	Metcalf, Sanborn, Lu, and Nye (1975)	Not reported	Fish
51,285 27,542	Garten and Trabalka (1983)	Freshwater	Fish
5,010 110,000 106,000 181,000	Hamelink and Waybrant (1976)	Not reported	Lepomis macrochirus Oncorhynchus mykiss
27,358	Metcalf, Sangha, and Kapoor (1971)	33-day exposure duration	Gambusia uffinis
217 27,358	Metcalf, Kapoor, Lu, Schuth, and Sherman (1973)	3 to 33-day exposure duration	Gambusia qffinis
81,000	Oliver and Niimi (1985)	96-day exposure duration	Oncorhynchus mykiss
51,000	Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
Compound:         Hcptachlor                                                                                                                 Recommended HO' value: 5,522			
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geoinetric mean of 7 laboratory values as follows:			
3,700 2,400 4,600	Goodman, Hansen, Couch, and Forester (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Cyprinodon variegatus
3,600 10,000	Schimmel, Patrick, and Forester (1976)	96-hour exposure duration	Leiostomus xanthurus
11,200	U.S. EPA (1980a)	Not reported	Fish
9,500	Veith, DeFoe, and Bergstedt (1979)	32-day exposure duration	Pimephales promelas
Compound:         Hcxachlorophene                                                                                                                 Recommended BCF value: 278			
The recommended BCF value was based on data from one study as follows:			
r 278	Sanborn (1974)	Not reported	Oncorhychus mykiss
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 13 of 19)
Reported Values	Reference i	Experimental Parameters	...................—-——■-—--- Species
Inorganics			
Compound: Aluminum			Recommended BCF value: 2.70
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 7 laboratory values as follows:			
0.05 1.25 0.05 0.35	Cleveland, Little, I iamilton, Buckler, and Hunn (1986)	37-day exposure duration	Salvelimis fominalis
36 123 215	Cleveland, Buckler, and Brumbaugh (1991)	56-day exposure duration; 28-day depuration	Salvelimis fontinalis
			
Compound: Antimony		------............	Recommended BCF value: 40
The recommended BCF value was based on one study as follows:			
40	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(I972)	Not reported	Fish
Compound: Arsenic			Recommended BCF value:   114
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:			
333 100	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish
44	U.S. EPA (1992b)	Not reported	Fish
Compound: Barium			Recommended BCF value: 633
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for 14 inorganics with empirical data available (aluminum, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc).			
Compound: Beryllium			Recommended BCF value: 62
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 laboratory values as follows:			
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 14 of 19)
Report«! Values	Reference	i- Experimental Parameters	Species	
200 200	Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
19	U.S. EPA (1992b)	Not reported	Fish	
19	U.S. EPA (1978)	28-day exposure duration	Fish	
Compound: Cadmium			Recommended BCF value: 907	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 field values.				
558 1,295 729 1,286	Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Ballard (1995)	Field samples. The field values reported in Saiki, Castlcherry, May, Martin, and Ballard (1995) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.0'. The field values are also based on mean values calculated for each of the 4 fish species.	Catoslomus occidentalis Gasterosleus aculeatus Ptychocheilus grandis Oncorhynchus tshawytasch	
716	Benoit, Leonard, Christensen, and Fiandt (1976)	38-week exposure duration; based on mean values calculated from various tissue concentrations in the kidney, liver, spleen, gonad, gills, and muscle/red blood cells. A unit conversion of 1,000 was applied to the value.	Salvelinus fontanilis	
480	Eisler, Zaroogian, and Hcnnekey(1972)	3-week exposure duration	Funáulus h ettroclitui	
161 51	Harrison and Klaverkamp (1989)	72-day exposure duration, 25 and 63-day depuration	Oncorhynchus mykiss Coregomis clupeatormis	
33	Kumada, Kimura, and Yokote (1980)	10 week exposure duration	Oncorhynchus mykiss	
8 3,333	Kumada, Kintura, Yokote, and Matida (1973)	280-day exposure; values arc based on a high to low range of values. The values reported in Kumada, Kimura, Yokote, and Matida (1973) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.0".	Oncorhynchus mykiss	
4.4	Spehar(1976)	30-day exposure duration	Jordanelia floridae	
3,000 200	Thompson, Burton, Quinn and Mg (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
TABLE C-S
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 15 of 19)
Reported Val	ues	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
4,100		Williams and Giesy(1979)	5 6-day exposure duration	Fish	
Compound:	Chromium (total)			Recommended BCF value:	19
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of"4 laboratory values as follows:					
1.27 1.34		Frommand Stokes (1962)	30-day exposure duration; values are based on a high to low range of reported values.	Oncorhynchus mykiss	
200 400		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
Compound:	Coppc			Recommended BCF" value:	710
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 field values as follows:					
761 697 1,236 387		Saiki, Castlebcrry, May, Martin, and Ballard (1995)	Field samples	Calosiomus occidenlalis Gaslerosteus acideatus Ptychocheilus grandis Oncorhynchus tshawylasch	
50 500 667		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
36		U.S. EPA (1992b)	Not reported	Fish	
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 16 of 19)
Reported Values		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
Compound:	Cyanide (total)			Recommended BCF value:	633
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF is the arithmetic mean of the recommended values for 14 inorganics with empirical data available (aluminum, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc).					
Compound:	Lead			Recommended I3CF value;	0,09
The recommended BCF value based on one field value:					
0.09		Afchinson, Murphy, Bishop, Mcintosh, and Mayes (1977)	Field samples. The values reported in Atchinson, Murphy, Bishop, Mcintosh, and Mayes (1977) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.0».	Lcpomis macrochiras	
0.15 0.17		Holcombe, Benoit, Leonard, and McKim (1976)	266-day exposure duration, The values reported in Holcombe, Benoit, Leonard, and McKim (1976) were converted to wet weight using a conversion factor of 5.0",   Me an val ues were calcu 1 ate d b ased o n ti ssuc concentrations in the red blood cells, kidney, and muscle.	Salvelinus fonfanilis	
300 100		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(1972)	Nat reported	Fish	
Compound:	Mercuric chloride			Recommended BCF value:	3,530
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratoiy values as follows:					
1,800		Boudou and Ribeyre (1984)	60-day exposure duration	Oncorhynchus my kiss	
4.380 5,580		Snarski and Olson (1982)	287-day exposure duration; values arc based on a high to low range of reported values.	Pimephates promelas	
Compound:	Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF value:	11,168
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:					
11,000		Boudou and Ribeyre (1984)	60-day exposure duration	Oncorhynchus mykiss	
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 17 of 19)
Reported Values		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
10,800 11,724		MeKim, Olson, Holcome, and Hunt (1976)	756-day exposure duration	Salvelinus fontinalis	
Compound:	Nickel			Recommended BCF value:	78
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 laboratory values as follows:					
100 100		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
47		U.S. EPA (1992b)	Not reported	Fish	
Compound:	Selenium			Recommended BCF value:	129
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 12 laboratory values as follows:					
18		Adams (1976)	96-day exposure duration	Fish	
4,900		Besscr, Canfield, and LaPoirit (1993)	30-day exposure duration	Lepomis reinhardtii	
7		Cleveland , Little, Buckler, and Wiedmeyer (1993)	60-day exposure duration; values are based on a high to low range of reported values.	Lepomis macrochirits	
154 711		Dobbs, Cherry, and Cairns (1996)	25-day exposure duration	Pimeplmles promelas	
3 240		Hodson, Spry, and Blunt (1980)	351 -day exposure duration; values represent a high to low range of reported values based on BCFs for peritoneal fat and the liver.	Oncorhynchus mykiss	
285 i 465		Lemly(l982)	120-day exposure duration	Micropterus sahnoides Lepomis macrochirus	
4,000 167		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
Compound:	Silver			Recommended BCF value:	87.71
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:					
3,330		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 18 of 19)
Reported Values		Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
Compound:	Thallium			Recommended BCF value	10,000
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 laboratory values as follows:					
10,000 10,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn, and Ng(1972)	Not reported	Fish	
Compound:	Zinc		..........____...........____	Rcconuncnded BCF value:	2,059
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 4 field values as follows:					
2,299 2,265 4,290 804		Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Ballard (1995)	Field samples.	Catostomus occidentulis Gasteroteus aculealus Ptychocheilus grandis Oncorhynclms tshawywsch	
50 130 130 200		Deutch, Borg, Kloster, Meyer, and Moller (1980)	9-day exposure duration	Spinachia vulgaris Gasterosteus acut. Pun gitins pungitius Coitus scorpius	
373 8,853		Pentrcath(1973)	180-day exposure duration; values arc based on a high to low range of reported values	Pleuronccles platessa	
1,000 2,000 2,000		Thompson, Burton, Quinn and Ng (1972)	Not reported	Fish	
47		U.S. EPA (1992b)	Not reported	Fish	
Notes:
(a)        The reported values are presented as the amount of COPC in fish tissue divided by the amount of COPC in water. If the values reported in the studies were presented as dry tissue weight, they were converted to wet weight by dividing the concentration in dry fish tissue weight by 5.0. This conversion factor assumes a fish's total weight is 80.0 percent moisture (Holcomb, Benoit, Leonard, and McKim 1976).
TABLE C-5
WATER-TO-FISH BIO CONCENT RAT ION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg dissolved COPC / L water)
(Page 19ofl9)
The conversion factor was calculated as follows:
Conversion factor---1.0 g fish total weight-
\0 g fish total weight - 0.80 g fish wet weight
(b) The equation used to convert the total organic COPC concentrations in field samples to dissolved COPC concentrations is from U.S. EPA (1995a) as follows: BAF (dissolved) = (BAF(total) Iff,) - 1
where:   BAF (dissolved) - BAF based on dissolved concentration of COPC in water W BAF (total) e BAF based on the field derived data for total concentration of COPC in water
CO fß= Fraction of COPC that is freely dissolved in the water
where:  fM - 1 / [1 + ((DOC x K.J 110) + (POC x K„J]
DOC     = Dissolved organic carbon, Kg of organic carbon / Lof water (2.0 x 1001, kg/L) K,„       = Octanol-water partition coefficient of the COPC, as reported in U.S. EPA (1994b) POC     = Particulate organic carbon. Kg of organic carbon / L of water (7.5 x 10'°' Kg/L)
(c) The reported field BAFs were converted to BCFs as follows: BCF= (BAFTL„ I FCMV„) - 1
where:   BAFn,   — The reported field bioaccumulation factor for the trophic level "n" of the study species. FCMrLn = The food chain multiplier for the trophic level "n" of the study species.
(d) PCB values were converted to dissolved COPC BCFs based on the K„ for Arodor 1254.
(e) The geometric mean of the converted field derived BCFs was compared to the geometric mean of the laboratory derived BCFs, The higher of the two values was selected as the COPC BCF.
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIO CON CENT RATI ON FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 1 of 11)
Reported Values'                                   Reference                                     Experimental Parameters	Species	
Dioxins and Furans		
Compound;         2,3,7,8-Tclrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)	Recommended BCF value:	19,596
Empirical tlata for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K^,- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmicder 1978), where lug K„„ = 6.64 (U.S. EPA 1994a)		
Compound:         l,2,3,7,8-Pcntachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PcCDD)	Recommended BCF value:	18,023
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-speccific bioaccumulation equivalency factor (BEF) (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF = 19,596 x 0.92 =		3,896
Compound:         1,2,3,4,7,8-Hcxachlorodibcnzo p dioxin (1,2,3,4,7,8-llxCDD)	Recommended BCF value:	6,075
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -19,596 x 0.31 =1313		
Compound:         1,2,3,6,7,8-1 lexachlorodibcnzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,6,7,8-1 IxCDD)	Recommended BCF value:	2,351
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF T 9,596 x 0.12 =2,351		
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodilxmzo-pdioxin (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD)	Recommended BCF value.	2,743
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -19,596 x 0.14 =2,743		
Compound:         1,2,3,4,6,7,8-1 leptachlorodibcnzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD)	Recommended BCF' value:	99.4
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.051 =99.4		
Compound:         Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD)	Recommended BCF value:	23.5
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.012 =23.5		
Compound:         2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibcnzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF)	Recommended BCF value:	2,642
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF - 3,302 x0.80 - 2,642		
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8-Penlachlorodibcnzo-p-furan (1,2,3,7,8-PcCDF)	Recommended BCF value:	4,311
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.22 =4,311		
Compound:         2,3,4,7,8-Pcniaclilorodibcnzo-p-furan (2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF)	Recommended BCF value:	31,354
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 1.6 =31,354		
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 2 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters		Species		
Compound:         1,2,3,4,7,8-Hcxacblorodibcnzo-p-turan (1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	1,489	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.076			=1,489			
Compound:          t,2,3,6,7,8-llexachlorc<libenzo-p-furan (1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	3,723	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.19 ■			-3,723			
Compound:          2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzc~p-furan (2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	13,129	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.67 =			13,129			
Compound:         1,2,3,7,8,9-IIexnchlorodibcnzo-p-furan (1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	12,345	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.63 -			12,345			
Compound:         1,2,3,4,6,7,8,-1 Icptnchloralibcnzo-p-furan (1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	215.6	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.011			=215.6			
Compound:         1,2,3,4,7,8,9-1 lcptaclilorodibcnzo-p-furan (1,2,3,4,7,8,9-IlpCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	7,642	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF -19,596 x 0.39 =7,642						
Compound:         Oclachlorodibcnzo-p-furan (OCDF)				Recommended BCF value:	313.5	
The BCF was calculated using the TCDD BCF and a congener-specific BEF (U.S. EPA 1995b) as follows: BCF =19,596 x 0.016			=313.5			
	Polynuclcar Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)					
Compound: Bcnzo(a)pyrenc				Recommended BCF value:	1. 59	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 8 values as follows:						
5.2 2.8	Augcnfcld, Anderson, Riley, and Thomas (1982)	60-dny exposure duration		Macoma inquinuta Abartnicola pacifica		
0.4 0.65 7.4	Driscoll and McElroy (1996)	6 to 12-day exposure duration		Nereis diversicolor Scolecolipides virdis Leiloscoloplos fragilis		
TABLE C-6
SEDIľvIENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE B IOC ONCE NT RATI ON FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg CO PC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 3 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Sped	cs
2.3 6.9	Lartdrum, Eadie, and Faust (1991)	Mixture of PAH at four concentrations	Diporeia sp.	
0.09	Roesijadi, Anderson, and Blaylock (1978)	7-day exposure duration	Macoma inqitiiiata	
Compoun d:         13 cnzo(<i)<in ill raeeue			Recommended BCF value:	1.45
Empirical data for this compound were not available. Therefore, the BCF for bcnzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound; Ben^o(b)fliioranthenc			Recommended BCF value:	1.61
Empirical data for this compound were not available. Therefore, the BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound; Bcnzo{k)fiuoranihcnc			Recommended BCF value;	1.61
Empirical data for this compound were not available. Therefore, the BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound: Chryscne			Recommended BCF value:	1.38
BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 3 values as follows:				
0.04	Roesijadi, Anderson, and Blaylock (1978)	7-day exposure duration	Macoma inqitiiiata	
11.6 5.64	Augenfeld, Anderson, Riley, and Thomas (1982)	60-day exposure duration	Macoma inquinata Abarenicola pacifica	
Comp ound:        Di benz( a, h )anthracc n e			Recommended BCF value:	1.61
Empirical data for this compound were not available. Therefore, the BCF for benzo(a)pyrene was used as a surrogate.				
Compound:        IndcnrX 1,2,3>cd)pyrene			Recommended BCF value:	1.61
Empirical data for this compound were not available, Therefore, the BCF for benzo(a)pyrcne was used as a surrogate.				
	Polyclilorliiafcd Biphenyls (PCBs)			
Compound:        Aroclor 1016			Recommended BCF value:	0.53
The recommended 3CF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 empirical values as follows:				
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPCI kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 4 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
0.2 1.4	Wood, O'Keefe, and Bush (1997)	12-day exposure du rat i on; 1 - d ay depurat i on	Chironomus tentans
Compound;        Aroclor 1254			Recommended BCF value: 0.53
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 2 empirical values as follows:			
0.2 1.4	Wood, O'Keefe, and Bush (1997)	12-day exposure duration, 1-day depuration	Chironomus tentans
	L.    ._______________________.......................                                                                                                                     . .	Nilrnaromatlcs	
Compound: 1,3-Dinilrobenzene			Recommended BCF value: 1.19
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 0.819 x log K,„ - 1.146 (Sonlhworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K^ = 1.491 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: 2,4-Dinitrololuene			Recommended BCF value: 58
The recommended BCF value was b	ised on 1 study as follows		
58	Liu, Bailey, and Pearson (1983)	4-day exposure duration	Lambriculus variegatus
Compound: 2,6-Dinilrotoluene			Recommended BCF value: 2.50
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation; log BCF = 0.819 x log     - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 1.886 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: Nitrobenzene			Recommended BCF value: 2.27
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x tog K™- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log Ka„ = 1.833 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: Pentachloronitrobenzene			Recommended BCF value: 451
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 0.819 x log K^, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log     = 4,640 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
	Phthalalc Esters		
Compound: Bis(2-cthylhexyl>phlha1atc			Recommended BCF value:   1,309
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 5 of 11)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
Empirical data for tiiis compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log IC,,, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K0„ = 5.205 (U.S. EPA 1994b)				
Compound:         Di(n)uciyl phthalatc			Recommended BCF value:	3,128,023
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 0.819 x log rC,w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 9.330 (U.S. EPA 1994b)				
	Volatile Organic Compounds			
Compound: Acetone			Recommended BCF value:	0.05
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF - 0.819 x log K,„, - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log     = -0.222 (Karickoff and Long 1995)				
Compound: Acrylonilrilc			Recommended BCF value:	0.11
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log rC^ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log Kolv = 0.250 (Karickoff and Long 1995)				
Compound: Chloroform			Recommended BCF value:	2.82
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K,„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K™ = 1.949 (U.S. EPA 1994b)				
Compound: Crotonaldehyde			Recommended BCF' value:	0.20
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log ^ = 0.55 (based on equations developed by Hansch and Leo 1979, as calculated in NRC 1981)				
Compound: l,4-l)ioxane			Recommended BCF value:	0.04
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„v - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K™ =* -0.268 (U.S. EPA 1995a)				
Compound: Formaldehyde			Recommended BCF value:	0.14
Empirical data for this compound were not available.The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„w -1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K,w = 0.342 (U.S. EPA 1995a)				
Compound:         Vinyl chloride			Recommended BCF' value:	0.62
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Pageóofll)
Reported Values*	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The DCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w - 1.146 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
	Other Chlorinated Organics		
Compound:          Carbon tetrachloride			Recommended BCF value: 12
Empirical data for this compound wore not available. The BCF' was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log !<„,-1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 2.717 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: Hcxaclilorobcnzenc			Recommended BCF value: 2,296
Empirical data for this compound were not available, The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„w - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„w = 5.503 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: Hexachlorobuiadicne			Rcconunendcd BCF value: 0.44
The recommended BCF value was based on empirical data from one study as follows:			
0.44	Oliver (1987)	79-day exposure duration; The values reported in Oliver (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99*.	Oligocliaetcs
Compound: Ilcxachlorocyclopentadienc			Recommended BCF value: 746
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log K„„ - 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 4.907 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
Compound: Pcntachlorobcnzcnc			Recommended BCF value: 0.32
The recommended BCF value is based on 1 study as follows:			
0.32	Oliver (1987)	79-day exposure duration; The values reported in Oliver (1987) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99*.	Oligochaetes
Compound: Pemaclilorophcnol			Recommended BCF value:   1,034
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x log IC,„- 1.146 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 5.080 (U.S. EPA 1994b)			
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BI O CO N CENT RAT ION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 7 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Speef	es
		Pesticides		
Compound: 4,4-DDE			Recommended BCF value:	0.95
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 13 values as follows:				
2.9 9.6 1.3 2.1 0.4 24.6 0.2 1.8 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.07 1.2	Reich, Perkins, and Cutter (1986)	Field samples	Tubificidae Chironomidae Croixidae	
Compound: Hcptachlor			Recommended BCF value:	1.67
Empirical data for heptachlor were not available. The BCF was calculated from 1 field-derived value for hcptachlor epoxide as follows:				
10.0	Beyer and Gish (1980)	Field samples; The value reported in Beyer and Gish (1980) was converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".	Aporrectodeu trapezoides Aparrectcdea lurgida Allolabaphora chloroUca Lumbricus leneslris	
Compound: Hcxnchlorophene			Recommended BCF value;	106,970
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The BCF was calculated using the following regression equation: log BCF = 0.819 x. log K,w - 1.14(5 (Southworth, Beauchamp, and Schmieder 1978), where log K„„ = 7.540 {Karickoff and Long 1995)				
		Inorganic!		
Compound: Aluminum			Recommended BCF value:	0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).				
Compound: Antimony			Recommended BCF value:	0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical dat; chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).				t (cadmium,
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 8 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species	
Compound: Arsenic			Recommended BCF value: 0.90	
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).				
Compound: Barium			Recommended BCF value: 0.90	
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).				
Compound: Beryllium			Recommended BCF value: 0.90	
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).				
Compound: Cadmium			Recommended BCF value: 3.4	
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 8 field-derived values as follows:				
3.33 7.68 1.79 7.15 1.67 2.34 2.27 6.29	Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995)	Field samples; The values reported in Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99'.	Chironomidae Epheroptcra	
Compound:         Chromium (total)			Recommended BCF value: 0.39	
The recommended BCF value was based on 1 field-derived value as follows:				
0.39	Namminga and Wilhm (1977)	Field samples	Chironomidae	
0.03 0.07 0.001 0.003	Capuzzo and Sasner (1977)	168-day exposure duration; The reported value was calculated by dividing the tissue concentration by the media concentration [(pg/g)/(mg/g)] and a conversion factor of 1x10" 'was applied to the value. A conversion factor of 5.99a was applied to convert dry tissue weight to wet weight.	Mya arenaria	
Compound: Copper			Recommended BCF value: 0.30	
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 9 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 9 field values		as follows:	
0.11 0.13 0.22 0.32	Jones, Jones, and Radiert (1976)	25-day exposure duration; The values reported in Jones, Jones, and Radlett (1976) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5,99*.	Nereis diveriscolor
1.1	Namminga and Wilhm (1977)	Field samples	Chironomidae
0.29 0.31 0.36 0.36 0.16 0.06 0.73 0.25	Saiki, Castlebcrry, May, Martin and Bullard (1995)	F'ield samples; The values reported in Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin and Bullard (1995) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using a conversion factor of 5.99".	Chironomidae Ephcmeroptera
Compound:        Cyanide (total)			Recommended BCF value: 0.90
Empirical data were not available for this compound. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).			
Compound:         1 cad			Recommended BCF value: 0.63
The recommended BCF value was based on 1 study follows:			
0.4 1.0	Harrahy and Clements (1997)	14-day exposure duration	Chironomus teutons
Compound:          Mercuric chloride			Recommended BCF value: 0,068
The recommended BCF value was based on 6 field values as follows:			
0.08	Saouter, Hare, Campbell, Boudou, and Ribeyre (1993)	9-day exposure duration	Hcxagenia rigida
0.16 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.O4 0.06	Hildebrand, Strand, and Huckabcc (1980)	Field samples	Hydropsychidae, Corydalus, Decapoda, Aterix, Psephenidae, and unspecified other benthic invertebrates
Compound:        Methyl mercury			Recommended BCF value: 0.48
The recommended BCF value was based on 6 field values as follows:			
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS (mg COPC I kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 10 of 11)
Reported Values'	Reference	Experimental Parameters	Species
4.0	Saouter, Hare, Campbell, Boudou, and Ribcyre (1993)	9 day exposure duration	Hexagenia n'gtda
1.45 0.41 O.50 0.37 0.26 0.44	Hildebrand, Strand, and Huckabee (1980)	Field samples	Hydropsychidae, Corydalus, Decapoda, Aterix, Psephenidae, and unspecified other bentliic invertebrates
Comp on ml: Nickel			Recommended BCF value: 0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercuiy, and zinc).			
Compound: Selenium			Recommended ĽCF value: 0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercuiy, and zinc).			
Compound: Stiver			Recommended BCF value: 0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).			
Compound: Thallium			Recommended BCF value: 0.90
Empirical data for this compound were not available. The recommended BCF value is the arithmetic average of 6 recommended values for those metals with empirical data (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, inorganic mercury, and zinc).			
Compound: Zinc			Recommended BCF value:   0 57
The recommended BCF value was calculated using the geometric mean of 8 field valises as follows:			
3.6	Namminga and Wi Ihm (1977)	Not reported	Chironomidae
0.46 0.83 0.38 1.16 0.13 0.39 0.79 1.57	Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin, and Bullard (1995)	Field samples; the values reported in Saiki, Castleberry, May, Martin and Bullard (1995) were converted to wet weight over dry weight using an unit conversion factor of 5.99',	Chironomidae Ephemeroptera
TABLE C-6
SEDIMENT-TO-BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE BIOCONCENTRATION FACTORS <mg COPC / kg wet tissue) / (mg COPC / kg dry sediment)
(Page 11 of 11)
Notes:
(a) The reported values are presented as the amount of compound in invertebrate tissue divided by the amount of compound in the sediment. If the values reported in the
studies were presented as dry tissue weight over dry sediment weight, they were converted to wet weight over dry weight by dividing the concentration in dry invertebrate tissue weight by 5.99. This conversion factor assumes an earthworm's total weight is 83.3 percent moisture (Pietz et al. 1984).
The conversion factor was calculated as follows:
„ j. , 1 0 £ invertebrate total weight
Conversion factor^-«-§-
1.0 g invertebrate tola! weight - 0.833 g invertebrate wet weight
I
ho
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