2. Complete the citations in Text 1 with the following phrases

a) vegetarians and vegans weigh less than omnivores

b) there is no strong reason why a vegetarian diet should be deficient in vitamin B12, but vegans
are ‘at risk‘ of B12 deficiency, as well as the essential mineral calcium

c) this lower rate of CHD in vegetarians could be due to lower levels of saturated fat in their
diets

d) vegetarians are less likely to suffer from CHD than meat-eaters

e) diets high in animal protein are also high in saturated fat


3. Find in the text sentences introducing citation.

                1.

                2.

                3.

                4.

                5.

4. Transform the first sentence using the beginnings.

·         Trustwell (2003, p.39) argues that…


·         There has been…


5. Now transform the remaining sentences, so that all variations: author+verb/ impersonal “it“
/“there”+be+noun phrase are used.

                2a

                2b


                3a

                3b


                4a

                4b


                5a

                5b



6. Reporting verbs in citing: Complete the table with the reporting verbs below according to
similarity of meaning

discuss                 state          indicate          point out             speculate on
     highlight          believe             stress                    feel
argue               demonstrate             illustrate


say

                                               talk about

                                                                                                     think

                                                                                                        emphasize

                                                                                                                   show

                                                                                                                      suggest




















Write six example sentences using a selection of the verbs above








HOMEWORK:

a)      Complete the text below with words made from the ones on the margin

b)      Paraphrase the sentences in the grammar revision exercise

Plagiarism

Plagiarism (from the Latin plagiare, "to kidnap") is the practice of claiming, or
implying,                                 original authorship of (or incorporating material from)
someone else's written or creative                               work, in whole or in part, into
one's own without adequate 1)________________. Unlike
ACKNOWLEDGE                               cases of forgery, in which the 2) __________________of
the writing, document, or some         AUTHENTIC                            other kind of object,
itself is in question, plagiarism is concerned with the issue of
false                                   attribution. Plagiarism can also occur 3)________________;
in some cultures certain forms     CONSCIOUS                                    of plagiarism are
accepted because the concept can be interpreted differently.

Within academia, plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered academic
HONEST                                      4)________________ or academic fraud. Some individuals
caught plagiarizing in academic                                          contexts claim that they
plagiarized 5)________________ , by failing to include quotations
INTENTION                              or give the appropriate citation. While plagiarism in
scholarship and journalism has a                                        centuries-old history, the
6)________________of the Internet, where articles appear as
DEVELOP                       electronic text, has made the physical act of copying the work of
others much easier, simply                                    by copying and pasting  text from one
web page to another.

In the academic world, plagiarism by students is a very serious offense that can result
in                           punishments such as a failing grade on the particular
7)________________ (typically at              ASSIGN                             the high school
level) or a failing grade for the course (typically at the college or
university                                       level).

Repetition in student projects or paper topics between academic terms and years
provides                             students with ample resources from which to plagiarize. Many
students feel pressured to get                       papers done well and quickly, and with the
8)________________ of new technology                     ACCESS                      (The Internet)
it is quite possible for students to plagiarize by copying and pasting
information                        from another source. This type of plagiarism is often easily
detected by teachers, for several                            reasons. First, students' choice of
sources is frequently 9)________________as well;                    ORIGIN            instructors
may receive the same passage copied from a popular source (such as
Wikipedia)                                 from several students. Second, it is often easy to tell
whether or not a student is using his or                              her own "voice." Third,
students may choose sources which are 10)____________________,
PROPER                                     off-topic, or even wrong. Fourth, many universities now
use plagiarism detection software.








Sources:

Chazal, E. & S. McCarter (2012) Oxford EAP, Oxford University Press

“Plagiarism” – prepared by Složilová Eva, materials for JAC04 course