Marian ŠVIK, 408496
PřF D-GR4 KADP [sem 4, roč 2]
- ZD261 Moderní trendy v analýzách a mapování kriminality Sulphur
deposition and nitrogen retention changes observing by
satellite-based remote sensing indices on Czech watersheds
In a modern society air pollution is a big ecological problem. Air pollutant deposition in
Central Europe forest ecosystems has been a major cause of mineral nutrient depletion
in near past. Especially acid rains caused mainly by emissions of sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxide have adverse effects on forest health (Woo, 2009). Many countries in
Europe have reduced their atmospheric emissions of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N)
considerably since 1970s (Vestreng and Støren, 2000). Czech Republic was heavily
affected, the main source being combustion of locally mined lignite (Hruška et al., 2002).
A network of small forested watersheds GEOMON (from GEOchemical MONitoring) was
established there in 1994 to measure precipitation and stream chemistry.
Usage of satellite-based remote sensing methods has proven to be beneficial for studying
forest health properties by various published studies. According to Coppin et al., (2004)
those methods offers (1) consistent and repeatable procedures, (2) less expensive way of
obtaining information about land surface and (3) possibility of incorporating information
from non-visible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. One of the most used satellite
mission for studying forest health properties, disturbance and recovery is Landsat. Its
main advantages are good coverage, sufficient spatial resolution and maybe the most
important is its rich archive containing all the images acquired since the year 1972. Data
from Landsat in this field were successfully incorporated into the studies dealing with
forest health and structure on different scales - from global (Hansen et al., 2013)
and continental (White et al., 2017) to regional (Griffiths et al., 2014).
Many studies evaluating forest disturbances using Landsat time-series were carried out,
usually taking into account large-scale ecological factors as bark beetle outbreaks (Senf
et al., 2015), forest wildfires (White et al., 2017), windthrows (Oeser et al., 2017) and
harvesting (White et al., 2017). Much less can be found about effects of disturbances
caused by changes in biogeochemistry, such as soil acidification caused by air pollution.
These continuous and much more subtle disturbances can be hard to assess via remote
sensing since there are many variables which should be accounted for.
For studying forest disturbances, a Disturbance Index (DI) was proposed by Healey et al.,
(2005). It uses Tasseled Cap (TC) transformations of Landsat bands and their
combinations and was tested in both Russia and USA where it produced more accurate
change classification than original Landsat reflectance data. The DI was then used in
Marian ŠVIK, 408496
PřF D-GR4 KADP [sem 4, roč 2]
- ZD261 Moderní trendy v analýzách a mapování kriminality another
studies located in regions with forest disturbances. Eshleman et al., (2009) found
a relationship between the change in total dissolved nitrogen concentration and change
in DI using linear regression. Slightly different approach was carried out by Deel et al.,
(2012) by introducing cumulative version of DI for assessing disturbance impacts on forest
functioning. They found out that this method produces significant relationships with
percent canopy cover at plot-level and with canopy percent N at watershed-level.
The objective of this research was to find out whether changes in measured TIN and
sulphur can be observed with chosen remote sensing-based vegetation and disturbance
indices on GEOMON sites. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that decrease in sulphur
deposition will cause the retention of TIN and this will demonstrate itself in the form of
DI decrease (meaning that the forest is likely to be recovering). We expected to see the
most pronounced dependency at watersheds most exposed to air pollution in the past.
Marian ŠVIK, 408496
PřF D-GR4 KADP [sem 4, roč 2]
- ZD261 Moderní trendy v analýzách a mapování kriminality Coppin,
P., Jonckheere, I., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., Lambin, E., 2004. Review ArticleDigital
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P.A., 2012. Relationship of a Landsat cumulative disturbance index to canopy
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index of forest disturbance using streamwater nitrogen data. Ecological Indicators
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Griffiths, P., Kuemmerle, T., Baumann, M., Radeloff, V.C., Abrudan, I.V., Lieskovsky, J.,
Munteanu, C., Ostapowicz, K., Hostert, P., 2014. Forest disturbances, forest
recovery, and changes in forest types across the Carpathian ecoregion from 1985
to 2010 based on Landsat image composites. Remote Sensing of Environment,
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Thau, D., Stehman, S.V., Goetz, S.J., Loveland, T.R., Kommareddy, A., Egorov, A.,
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using Landsat time series. Remote Sensing of Environment 194, 303–321.
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