ISSN 2336-9744 (online) | ISSN 2337-0173 (print)
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ECOLOGICA MONTENEGRINA
Supplementum 1
The Urban Flora Of Podgorica (Montenegro, SE Europe): Annotated
Checklist, Distribution Atlas, Habitats And Life-Forms, Taxonomic,
Phytogeographical And Ecological Analysis
DANIJELA STEŠEVIĆ1
, DANKA CAKOVIĆ1
& SLOBODAN JOVANOVIĆ2
1
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81 000 Podgorica,
Montenegro, e-mail: danijela.stesevic@ac.me
1
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81 000 Podgorica,
Montenegro, e-mail: danka.petrovic@t-com.me
2
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Takovska 43,
11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: sjov@bio.bg.ac.rs
Received 4 June 2014 │ Accepted 12 November 2014 │ Published online 2 December 2014
Research Article
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
2
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................4
Geographic position, boundaries and the history of the surveyed terrain ..................................4
Geology of the surveyed area .....................................................................................................6
Pedology of the surveyed area....................................................................................................8
Climate of the surveyed area ......................................................................................................9
Hydrology of the surveyed area................................................................................................10
Vegetation of the surveyed area ...............................................................................................12
MATERIAL AND METHODS................................................................................................12
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................................15
Check list of the vascular flora of the city area of Podgorica...................................................15
The floristic richness of the city area of Podgorica and the spatial distribution of taxa.........102
Distribution of taxa in respect to their behaviour towards the urbanisation...........................105
Taxonomic spectrum of the flora in the Podgorica city area..................................................107
General life form spectrum .....................................................................................................112
Therophytes.............................................................................................................................113
Hemicryptophytes...................................................................................................................115
Chamaephytes.........................................................................................................................117
Geophytes................................................................................................................................119
Hydrophytes............................................................................................................................121
Parasitic forms.........................................................................................................................123
Scandentophyta.......................................................................................................................124
Phanerophytes.........................................................................................................................126
Ecological indices ...................................................................................................................127
Phytogeographical analysis.....................................................................................................130
Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographic analysis of selected urban habitats..................139
Classification of urban habitats of Podgorica .........................................................................146
Some remarks about vegetation of the area ............................................................................148
Threats to the native flora of Podgorica..................................................................................149
Allergenic flora of Podgorica..................................................................................................154
CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................................156
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................158
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................159
INDEX ....................................................................................................................................167
Appendix
(Available at: https://www.dropbox.com/s/s7oi9rdhwzqficg/Appendix%201%2C%20Atlas.pdf?dl=0)
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 3
Abstract
The paper presents a taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical study of the native and alien flora of the urban area
of Podgorica (Capital of Montenegro, SE Europe). The surveyed terrain extends over 86 km2
, and apart from the urban
it also entails the peri-urban zone. The checklist of vascular plants of the urban area includes1222 species and
subspecies from 561 genera and 121 families which represents a little over a third of the total flora of Montenegro. The
richness and diversity of the city’s flora are caused by the local geomorphology and climatic conditions of the area, the
high diversity of habitats with different anthropogenic impact and the increased immigration of plants from the
surrounding ecosystems. Concerning the distribution of the species number by quadrant in the city area of Podgorica
ther is no gradient between growing number of species and distance from the urban core. However, if the distribution of
the number of taxa per habitat is taken into consideration, it is clear that the homogeneity of habitats and the increase in
the urbanisation leads to decline of the number of wild growing taxa. The families represented by the highest number of
taxa are Poaceae (11.5%), Asteraceae (11.2%) and Fabaceae (9.2%). while the genera represented most are Trifolium
(2.1%), Euphorbia (1.4%), Carex, Ranunculus and Bromus (1.3 each%), Veronica (1.2%), Allium (1.1%), Vicia and
Lathyrus (1% each). Apart from the expected high presence of synanthropic, ruderal and ruderal-segetal taxa, the flora
of Podgorica is characterised by a significant number of typical urbanophobes. Comparing to the flora of selected
European cities (Zurich, Vienna, Rome, Patras and Thessaloniki), Podgorica showed the biggest similarity with Rome
(Sørensen’s quotient of similarity (Q/S)= 69.4). The general life form spectrum has therophytic-hemicryptophytic
character, which, on one hand, reflects the climatic conditions and on the other the intensive urbanisation of the
surveyed area. Like in the spectrum of other Mediterranean cities, the participation of the geophytes is relatively high
(11.7%). Conserning phenology, Podgorica is a city in which no interruption of vegetation growth and something is
always in flower. The majority of plants flower in May, the smallest number flowers in December. Regarding the
ecological temperature index, dominating in the city area are thermophilic plants (T7 and T8), an indication of the
Mediterranean character of the city area. Prevalent in terms of the light index are heliophyllic plants (L7 and L8),
conditioned by exposure of the terrain to sunlight, as well as by the degradation of the primary forest cover and the
domination of open and sunny habitats. Dominant in terms of soil reaction are neutrophilic and neutro-basophilic
species (R5 and R7), and in terms of nutrients oligotrophic plants (N2 and N3). Dominating in terms of the humidity
index are H3 and H4 plants, as expected considering the climatic conditions and hydrography of the area. The
phytogeographic spectrum of Podgorica fits into the general spectrum of South European cities and is characterised by
the prevailing presence of Mediterranean species s.l. (39.7%). The participation of aliens is relatively small (14.1%),
probably due to the short history of the settlement and the poorly developed transportation and trading networks.
Dominant among aliens are taxa of Asteraceae (15.7%) and plants of Asian (43%) and North American origin (23.2%).
The most aggressive aliens in the city area are Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia annua, A. verlotiorum, Bidens
subalternans, Broussonetia papyrifera, taxa of the genus Erigeron, Symphyotrichum squamatum and Xanthium
orientale subsp. italicum.
The comparative analysis of selected habitat types in the area of Podgorica showed that two habitat types are
distinguished by prominent floristic richness: meadows (46.1%) and dikes along railroad tracks (32.1%). Due to
constant degradation and loss of habitat in the strict urban zone of Podgorica which on one hand causes the loss of
native flora, and on the other facilitates the expansion of the alien flora, we expect the effect of the biotic
homogenisation to be noticeable in the area of Podgorica.
The allergenic flora of Podgorica includes 253 taxa of wild vascular plants whose pollen has been grouped into
three categories: woody plants pollen (32 taxa), weed pollen (76 taxa) and grass pollen (145). Tree pollen is present
from February to April, while weed and grass pollen from April to October.
Key words: City, floristic diversity, alien, native, allergenic plants, grid mapping, habitat classification, phenology,
phytogeography, Sørensen index, ecological indices.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
4
Introduction
Surveys of the flora of Montenegro, especially recent ones, have mostly been focused on the mountain flora
(Markišić 2000, Vuksanović 2003, Petrović 2011), the flora of canyons (Bulić 1998, Bulić 2008, Bulić et al.
2008), the karstic fields (Stešević 2001, Hadžiablahović 2010), or wetlands (Bubanja 2004, 2013), while
research on the flora in populated areas and other anthropogenic habitats was not given much importance.
However, it should not be concluded that the Podgorica urban area represents a “virgin” area, in the floristic
sense. The first floristic data has been collected by foreign botanists: Beck & Szyszylowicz (1888), Baldacci
(1891-1904), Horak (1898, 1900) Rohlena (1902-1935), and Janchen (1919), who visited Montenegro at the
end of XIX and beginning of XX Century. On their journey towards the north, they collected material at
several locations, which nowdays belongs to the territory of Podgorica: Donji Kokoti, Malo Brdo, Doljani
and Duklja, and noted the presence of some taxa. This data is gathered in the Rohlena’s „Conspectus Florae
Montenegrinae“, published in 1942. Contributions to the knowledge of the flora of Podgorica city area are
also available in: Maly (1933), Černjavski et al. (1949), Slavnić & Lozušić (1965), Pulević (1966, 1971,
1973, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983a, 1983b), Šmarda (1968), Speta (1976, 1980), Blečić & Pulević (1979),
Ivković & Čapaković (1981), Pulević & Lakušić (1983), Göltz & Reinhard (1986), Bulić (1989, 1995, 2008),
Pulević & Bulić (1990), Parolly (1992, 1995), Vasić (1988, 1989, 1995-98), Greuter & Raus (1998),
Hadžiablahović (2002, 2004, 2006, 2010), Hadžiablahović et al. (2003), Hadžiablahović & Bulić (2004) and
Lakušić et al. (2004). All these references contains rather heterogenic floristic data, mainly about new
records for the area or about specific groups of plants, while the results of systematic study of the urban flora
of Podgorica were published in the period of 2005-2009: Stešević (2002, 2006), Stešević & Jovanović (2005,
2008), Stešević & Jogan (2006, 2007), Stešević et al. (2008, 2009). They represent a backbone of this
monograph.
At the European level, urban ecology has a noteworthy tradition. The first investigations focused on
single habitat types (old settlements, ruins, gardens, and parks), while comprehensive studies of urban
ecosystems were started in the 1970′s (Sukopp 2002). Thus a very rich bibliographic database has been
compiled until now (see Sukopp 2002, McDonell 2011).
In Southern Europe, the development of urban ecology has been somewhat slower, and the most
systematic research has been carried out in Italy (Cannarella 1909-1912; Cobau 1916-1927; Brandes 1985;
Hruška 1982, 1989, 1990, 1993-1994, 2000; Frattini 1993-94; Poli Marchese et al. 1989; Celesti Grapow
1993-1994, 1995; Celesti Grapow et al. 1996, 2006, 2013; Celesti Grapow & Blasi 1998; Martini 1999,
2006; Bressan 2001; Leporrati et al. 2001; Lo Giudice et al. 2005, etc.). In former Yugoslavia, interest in
ruderal flora and vegetation in urban settlements emerged in the past couple of decades (Jovanović 1993,
1994); in Montenegro, in past decade (Stešević & Jovanović 2005, 2008, Stešević et al. 2009, Jovanović et
al. 2013).
Geographic position, boundaries and the history of the surveyed terrain
The Podgorica city area is located in the south-eastern part of Montenegro, on the Zeta River plateau,
rimmed by Kučke and Piperske mountains and the hills of Lješanska nahija (Radojičić, 1996). It covers a
surface of 86 km2
, containing, apart from the urban centre, the following surrounding areas as well: 1Mareza,
2- Tološi, 3- part of Vranjske njive, 4- Donji Rogami, 5- Zlatičko polje, 6- Doljani, 7- part of
Kakaricka gora, 8- part of Ćemovsko polje (from Vrela Ribnička, from part of the plain beneath
Agrokombinat orchards to the Kuće Rakića and then downstream to the confluence with Morača River), 9Srpska
Gora, 10- Dajbabe and Dajbabska gora, 11- Kokotski ovčar, 12- Gorica, 13- Lješkopolje
(Dimitrovska Andrews, 2013, Fig. 1).
The city was built in the 10th
century, but had no significant role in the times of Vojislavljevići,
Nemanjići and Balšići. Its tuburlent history begun from the mid of 15th
century. According to an agreement
between the Venetian Republic and despot Đurađ Branković, it became one of the seats of the despot’s dukes
and quickly felt under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. At the confluence of Ribnica into Morača Rivers,
Ottoman Turks started building a fortress surrounded by walls and an ambiance of a different, oriental
spiritual culture was established. This marks the beginning of a new chapter in the town’s history that lasted
for the next four centuries. The new Podgorica started developing rapidly and within a little over a century, it
grew up to more than 900 homes. Over the next two and a half centuries, it kept almost the same number of
homes (950), with only the structure of its population changing. From a lively medieval merchant town,
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 5
Figure 1. Geographic position, boundaries and structure of the urban area of Podgorica. Periurban localities: 1 Mareza,
2 - Tološi, 3 - part of Vranjske njive, 4 - Donji Rogami, 5 - Zlatičko polje, 6 - Doljani, 7 - part of Kakaricka
gora, 8 - part of Ćemovsko polje (from Vrela Ribnička, from part of the plain beneath Agrokombinat orchards to the
Kuće Rakića and then downstream to the meeting point with Morača River), 9 - Srpska Gora, 10 - Dajbabe and
Dajbabska gora, 11 - Kokotski ovčar, 12 - Gorica, 13 - Lješkopolje.
Podgorica transformed to an oriental one, with wide gardens, vineyards and meadows. In the 19th
century,
after the liberation from Turkish rule, Podgorica had 1,500 homes. Economic, social and cultural revival
ensued in the Princedom of Montenegro. By the end of the 19th
century, it started developing on the right
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
6
bank of Ribnica as well, on former meadows, previously used mostly for the placement of military camps.
The old Podgorica became the Old Town or Stara Varoš and the part across Ribnica was named the New
Town or Mirkova Varoš with industrial enterprises, banks and modern traffic. Podgorica became the most
developed trading and crafts centre, with the largest urban population. In 1890, it numbered 6,000
inhabitants. By the beginning of the 20th
century, the tobacco monopoly and the cigarette factory were
established, representing the start of the industrial development of Podgorica. With the start of the Balkan
wars and the First World War, the progress of Podgorica was halted. The city fell under the AustroHungarian
occupation. After the liberation and the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians
(SHS), it continued to develop very slowly. Craftsmanship progressed slowly, and the trading network
consisted of small merchant shops. During the Second World War, Podgorica suffered aerial bombardment
80 times. Two thousand civilians were killed and the town was almost destroyed. Immediately after the end
of the war, there were 6,000 inhabitants in the town. All up to the 60’s of the 20th
century, Podgorica was
developing mostly without any existing planning documentation. Spatial planning documents, created
previously, were not appreciated. The Balkan town of oriental outlines and a classicist town from the end of
the 19th
century changed into a functional town was made, with clear outlines of the modern trend of
urbanisation. Three urban cores were formed: the old Balkan town – Old Town (Stara Varoš), the classicist
town from the end of the 19th
century – New Town (Mirkova Varoš) and the functionalist city of the 60’s –
New City (Nova Varoš). The surrounding settlements became part of the urban area. The influx of
mechanisation was followed by population growth. Large enterprises were established: the aluminium plant
Podgorica, construction machinery industry, the tobacco factory, the furniture and woodwork factory, the
cotton processing factory and the textile factory. Printing, food and chemical industry developed, as well as
production craftsmanship, catering and accommodation industry. The part of the city across Morača River
started to rise. The city obtained its water supply system, and the railroad line Titograd-Nikšić was opened in
1948, the Titograd-Bar in 1959 and the Titograd-Belgrade in 1976. The Adriatic regional road connects
Titograd with the coast and continental part of the country. Foreign and domestic trade enterprises were
established. New tourist and catering and accommodation facilities were built. Ćemovsko polje, once a
wasteland, was turned into a fertile plantation, with vineyards and orchards, within the agriculture enterprise
“13 jul”. New health dispensaries were built, the new hospital and children’s hospital. Titograd became a city
of greenery with new parks and flower groves. Characteristic of the second half of the 20th
century was the
explosive population growth (8.2 times increase, in the period of 1948-1991, the number of inhabitants
increased from 14,369 to 117, 875). Most of the quick population growth, was due to the immigration of
inhabitants from other parts of the country. In 1961, the immigration rate from other parts of the country in
the city’s was 61.9% and in 1991 was 50.7% (Ičević, 2003). According the census in 2003, Podgorica has
136,473 inhabitants (Šehić & Šehić, 2005).
The new millennium brought new changes in the appearance of the city. It started expanding
abruptly with new boulevards, bridges, modern business, residential facilities and big trade centres at the
expense of the luscious green areas. The urbanisation also affected the former suburban areas that “merged”
with the city within a period of only a couple of years.
The city landscape is constantly changing under the influence of human activities both in the
altitudinal and surface gradients (Lješević 2002). The changes are currently visible in the area of Podgorica:
cutting into the city’s hillocks and flattening of the terrain, creation of holes due to the exploitation of gravel,
creation of mounds by depositing construction, industrial, communal and other types of waste, gradual
disappearance of the natural microrelief and the appearance of anthropogenic karst, implying the
intensification of erosion and soil loss (Fig. 2-5).
Geology of the surveyed area
The geological base of the area is mostly composed of quaternary formations (flatland plateau), but also of
the Mesozoic rock (city’s hillocks, rising from the plain like cones and the surrounding hills). The quaternary
deposits are of fluvial-glacial nature and was created during the last ice ages, Riss and Würm (30-50
thousand years ago), when huge masses of crushed rock, carried by water and ice from the surrounding
mountains of Prekornica, Maganik, Žijovo and Prokletije, were deposited causing the flooding of the once
deep Skadar basin and filled it. The sediments are mostly composed of gravel and sand of varying
granulation. In the riverbeds of the Morača, Cijevna and Ribnica Rivers gravel was connected to
conglomerates (Fig. 6-8). The deposits in the central parts of Ćemovsko polje are up to 70 m thick.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 7
Figure 2. Cutting into city’s hillocks (example of the
Gorica Hill).
Figure 3. Exploitation of gravel (bank of Morača RiverKokotski
ovčar).
Figure 4. Exploitation of gravel (Ćemovsko polje). Figure 5. Waste depositing (Ćemovsko polje).
Figure 6. Morača Canyon – Stara Zlatica. Figure 7. Cijevna Canyon – near Milješ.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
8
Figure 8. Ribnica riverbed – Skaline.
Morphologic rises of Ćemovsko polje, rim parts of the Zeta plain are composed of Mesozoic sediments
(carbonate rocks and their transitional varieties, dating back to cretaceous age).
Tectonic and non-tectonic features of the area of Podgorica and its surroundings are also specific and
dynamic. It is determined by tectonic features of this region, since the area of Skadarsko Lake is located in a
recent ground sinking, at a rate of 2-3 mm a year. On the other hand, the area north of the line Glava ZeteMartinići-Zlatica-Fundina,
is in the zone of neotectonic rise, with the amplitude of 2 mm a year. This
indicates strong terrain kinetics and high seismic temperament (Radojičić 1996).
Under the influence of the city and all of its functions, the geologic environment is altered by human
influence and the impact of technology to a significant degree (Lješević 2002.). The change of the natural
geologic environment is reflected in the construction of cellars, atomic shelters, underpasses,
telecommunications lines, water supply and sewage infrastructure. In the area of the city of Podgorica, three
most negative causes of changes in the natural geologic environment are the construction of various
facilities, the construction of roads and the gravel digs.
Pedology of the surveyed area
Through a combined impact of pedogenetic factors, six different types of soils occur in the area of the city of
Podgorica (FAO-UNESCO 1981, Fuštić & Đuretić 2000, Dimitrovska Andrews 2013):
1. Brown eutric soil on gravel and conglomerate, very shallow and shallow (Ćemovsko polje and
Momišićko polje, Kokotski ovčar, Tološko polje, Zabjelo, city centre, Masline, Zlatička šuma, part of
Doljani, Rogami, Duklja): This soil was formed from gravel and conglomerate, its genesis was conditioned
by the water impermeability of the substrate and highly prominent eolic erosion, as well as scarce vegetation
cover. Its depth is between 10-50 cm. The soil is of week skeletal (up to 25%) to medium skeletal (25-50%)
type. It is of argil-like composition. Content of certain fractions in fine soil varies: sand (35-60%), powder
(20-35%) and clay (15-25%). The structure of the soil varies from crumby in the surface layer to lumpy,
especially in soils with higher content of clay. The colour of the upper (A) horizon is dark brown to umber,
of the deeper (B) horizon brown or reddish brown. The pH reaction is mildly acidic or neutral. The soil is
naturally low in phosphorus and potassium. It is quite porous and water permeable.
2. Brown eutric soil on gravel and conglomerate, medium deep and deep (Lješkopolje, Doljani,
Zagorič, part of Tološko polje, Kruševac, Zabjelo): The thickness of the soil is 50 -120 cm. Compared to the
previous type of soil, it is characterised by higher density and decreased porousness, especially in the deeper
horizon. Due to the presence of a silicate component in the basic substrate, clay fraction content increases
(10-30%), while there is less powder (20-35%) and sand (35-60%). The A horizon is dark in colour and B
horizon is of reddish brown colour. The soil has a week acidic to neutral reaction, and it is low in phosphorus
and potassium. It is porous and water permeable.
3. Brown eutric luvisol (Tološko polje): This type of soil formed on a basis of diluvial argil on flat
terrain (Lješkopoljski lug). It is very similar to the brown eutric soil. Besides in a paler brown color
difference is in structural aggregates of lower horizon (B). They are enveloped in colloid membranes, due to
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 9
the argil and other ingredients being washed away. The deepth of the horizon varies from 20 to 60 cm. The
upper (A) horizon is from 20-30 cm deep. Its mechanical composition is argil-clay, the structure is powderylumpy,
seldom crumby. Frequently there is occurrence of the transitional A(B) and B(C) horizons. The
reaction of the soil is acidic to neutral. In most cases, lime is washed away into deeper layers and where
encounter it, it is of secondary origin. This soil is low on phosphorus, and low to medium rich in potassium.
It is not very water permeable and has low air capacity.
4. Rendzina (Ćemovsko polje – Cijevna banks): It is formed on carbonate gravel and fluvial-glacial
conglomerate. Due to the water permeability of the substrate during the humid part of the year, particles get
washed away and during strong winds aeolic erosion occurs, so only a shallow layer of soil is formed. The
deepth of the soil is 10-30 cm, depending on the prominence of the micro-relief. The A-A(C)-C structure of
the profile is encountered on naturally preserved terrains, while on cultivated terrains, due to ploughing and
other methods of working the land, horizons are intermingled. Rendzina is skeletal soil, with skeletal
percentage of 10-30% in the A horizon, while the skeletal content increases in the transitional horizon and
basis, so that it reaches content of 70-90%. In the fine earth fraction, fine sand (50-90%) and powder (8-
35%) fraction prevail, while a clay is less present (2-15%). The structure is finely crumby according to the
content (3-6%), originating from grassy vegetation and lime basis. The soil is of a characteristic umber
colour. Its reaction is neutral and it is low in phosphorus and potassium.
5. Terra rossa, very shallow and shallow (Vranjske njive, Ljubović, Dajbabska gora, Srpska gora,
Vranići, Kakaricka gora): As a layer of soil formed on highly rocky limestone terrain, this soil is of small
depth, from few to 20 or 40 cm. The biggest deepth of terra rossa is along karst depressions with moderately
steep sides, along plates and sinkholes. This soil has good physical and chemical characteristics but its small
depth and extremely permeable limestone basis make it unsuitable for intensive agricultural activities.
6. Terra rossa, medium deep and deep (foot of the Velje brdo in Vranići): This type of soil forms in
sinkholes, karst depressions and flattened parts of karst relief, in places with less prominent presence of rock.
This terra rossa only occurs intermittently at the foot of Velje Hill in Vranići, where karst terrain transitions
into flatland. Medium deep and deep terra rosa has good physical and chemical characteristics, and therefore
is suitable for agriculture (Fuštić & Đuretić 2000).
Climate of the surveyed area
The Climate of urban settlements differs from the climate of the surrounding areas. The larger the city and
the more industrialised, the greater is the difference. With its structure and diversity of human activities,
urbanization changes the environment and natural climatic conditions. As a result, a multitude of
microclimatic units are formed and the city itself is characterised by a specific local climate. Urbanization
raises the temperature, causes fog to appear, increases precipitation, obscures the air and reduces the sun’s
radiation and the air humidity (Lješević 2002).
Under the Köppen climate classification, Podgorica belongs to "dry-summer subtropical" climates
(classified as Csax” subtype) often referred to as "Mediterranean" (Burić & Micev 2008). Winters are mild
and short, while summers are hot, long and dry (Fig. 9).
Figure 9. Walter & Lieth climate diagram of the area of Podgorica.
Mean annual amount of precipitation is 1625.3 mm. The annual maximum of 14.6% falls during late autumn
(November), the minimum of 2.3% during summer (July). Large amount of precipitation during the colder
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
10
part of the year (autumn-winter, 39% of the annual amount) is the result of intense cyclone activity during
that period. Snow is an extremely rare occurrence in the city.
Air humidity in cities is usually lower than in the surrounding area, due to the reduction of the
vegetation and open soil, direct drainage of atmospheric precipitation into rivers and streams, eliminating
smaller streams and drainage of swamps. Only 1/3 of the precipitation in the city evaporates. In many cities,
with more intense gathering of clouds, amount of precipitation is higher by 10-15% and the number of days
with precipitation increases by 10% in summer and up to 20% in winter (Lješević, 2002).
Annual values of relative air humidity in the area of Podgorica indicate that humidity is moderate.
Average annual air humidity is 63%. Minimum relative humidity occurs in summer, when temperatures are
highest and precipitation is at the minimum, the maximum occurs in the very rainy months of November and
December.
The average annual temperature for the period 1949-2002 was 15.5°C. Podgorica has high winter
temperatures. Average temperature in July is 26.4°C, during the hot summers, it exceeds 29°C. Annual
fluctuation of temperatures is 21.1°C, the absolute annual fluctuation is 51.3°C.
Very high summer temperatures cause problems in water supply, maintenance of city vegetation,
they cause frequent fires and the maintenance of infrastructure since make more difficult. For example,
railroad tracks deform, asphalt softens up and building facades suffer thermal fatigue, causing more rapid
flaking and general deterioration of their appearance.
In Podgorica, the annual sum of sun exposure is 2424.1 hour. The daylight is longest in June, months
July and August have more sunny hours (340 and 316.6, respectively), the highest recorded number of clear
days, and the lowest number of cloudy days. On the other hand, the lowest amount of sunny hours occurs in
November and December, characterised by the maximum number of cloudy days.
The highest average velocity, frequency and maximum velocity winds come from the north (Burić et
al.,2007). More in detail, 33.6% of winds blow from the north (N), north-northeast (NNE) and northnorthwest
(NNW), and 25.9% from the south (S), south-southwest (SW) and south-southeast (SSW). The
other ten directions, together with calms (periods without wind), occur 40.5% of the time. This clearly
indicates that winds in Podgorica blow predominantly from north (mean speed 3.3. m/s) and south direction
(mean speed 2.4 m/s). Strong north winds cause serious problems: they raise roofs, complicate maintenance
of the vegetation, disturb electrical and television installations. In the peripheral areas of Podgorica, where
the density of residential facility is small, the wind blasts are as powerful as in clear spaces. In the downtown
zone, where the density of facilities and buildings is higher and where low buildings dominate the space, the
wind speed is 2/3 of the wind speed in the open spaces, while in the very centre of Podgorica, where there
are tall buildings, and their density is high, the wind speed is 1/3 of that in the open spaces. The maximal
registered wind speed was 40 m/s (144 km/h).
Hydrology of the surveyed area
Podgorica is a city of very rich hydrology. Its hydrological profile incudes five rivers (Morača River with its
four tributaries: Zeta, Cijevna, Ribnica and Matica/Sitnica) and the spring of Mareza (Fig.10-15).
Morača is the largest river of central Montenegro and the largest tributary of Skadarsko Lake. Its
riverhead is located at the foot of the Lola Mountain, in the area of Zebalac and Kapa Moračka, at about 980
m of elevation. The length of its course is 98 km and it flows through the city area for about 12 km. Its
average annual discharge is 160 m3
/s.
The most famous city stream is Ribnica, landmark of old Podgorica, which represents the left
tributary of Morača and it converges with it in the very centre of the city. Ribnica forms from temporary
springs beneath Kakaricka gora. The length of its course is 10 km and it dries up during summer months,
downstream from Vrela Ribnička.
Cijevna River is the downstream-most left tributary of Morača. Its riverhead is located on the
territory of Albania, at an elevation of about 330 m, and it converges with Morača south of Podgorica, near
Mahala, at an elevation of 14 m. The length of the course of Cijevna, on Montenegrin territory, is 32 km. It
runs through the city area for about 9 km.
Matica River, that is, Sitnica, is the right tributary of Morača. It flows downstream from Mareza and
is formed by temporary springs of Vučji studenci and Modra oka (Bandići). Similar to Ribnica, during
summer months, the part of the river at Komanski Bridge (Sitnica) usually dries up, while water holds only
upstream (Matica). After 20 km, it flows into Morača.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 11
Figure 10. Morača canyon – Rogami. Figure 11. Morača canyon – Branjevina.
Figure 12. Cijevna canyon – Nijagara waterfall. Figure 13. Ribnica River.
Figure 14. Sitnica River. Figure 15. Wetland Mareza.
Mareza is the main city spring, with the capacity of 1000 l/s of water for drinking and technical use. It is
formed from the water of Kraljičino oko and the spring of Mareza itself, emerging at the elevation of 30 m.
This water is classified as high quality drinking water, among the best in Montenegro and around the world.
Zeta River, although being the largest tributary to Morača, only partially belongs to the city area (in
the area near the meeting point with Morača-close to Duklja).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
12
Ground water forms mostly from precipitation and by surface waters diving underground. The main
rock formations holding them are of Mesozoic carbonates, limestone and fluvial-glacial deposits. The surface
of ground water accumulation in the valley of Zeta River is 212 km2
. Average thickness of the water-holding
rock ranges from 29-52 m in the north, to 88-90 m in the south. Natural discharge of ground water is
estimated to be around 12 m3
/s, from north to south (Ičević 2003).
Vegetation of the surveyed area
According the map of the natural potential vegetation of Montenegro (Stevanović et al. 1995a) the area of
the city of Podgorica is located in the zone of the oriental hornbeam (alliance Carpinion orientalis, order
Quercetalia pubescentis), and in accordance with the Prodromus of Plant Communities of Montenegro
(Blečić & Lakušić, 1976), the three woody communities are recorded in the area: Paliuretum adriaticum
Horvatić 1963, Rusco-Carpinetum orientalis Blečić & Lakušić 1966, Quercetum trojanae montenegrinum
Blečić & Lakušić 1966, as well as the two grass communities: Asphodelo-Chrysopogonetum grylli Horvatić
1958. and Pseudoovino-Poetum bulbosae Ht. 1956. These 5 plant communities represent only a minor part
of the vegetation diversity of the city area, while the plant cover has never been systematically surveyed.
Fragments of the mentioned woody communities are stil noticeable in the micro localities of the city hillocks
(Fig. 16), but their constant degradation, in the sense of cutting, fires and grazing, lead to the formation of
karst terrain communities (Fig.17). The associations from the class of karst pastures and dry meadows
(Thero-Brachypodietea Br.-Bl 1947), are typical for city hillocks and peripheral areas of Podgorica.
Afforestation also influenced the vegetation cover of the city area. In the period after the Second
World War, major part of the city area has been forested with Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), black pine
(Pinus nigra) and Cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirens), thus creating the city parks, the park forests of
Gorica and Ljubović, Tološka and Zlatička šuma, and the protective forest strip at Stari Aerodrom and
Ćemovsko polje (Čurović et al. 2003). In the past time the flat lands of Momišićko polje, Lješkopolje and
Kokotski Ovčar have been frequently used for agriculture, but nowdays its use is reduced, the part of the
arable land is urbanized or transformed in the waste places. Intensive farming but also the permanently active
grass cutting meadows are characteristic of the wider area of Doljani and Donji Rogami, where the cattle
breeding is stil present. The vegetation of the flood land willow and poplar thickets is evident at Mareza and
partially, along the courses of Sitnica, Morača and Ribnica Rivers. The thinning of thickets at Mareza and
the exploitation of gravel on the banks of Morača represent the most serious threats for these communities
(Dimitrovska Andrews 2013).
Figure 16. Park forest Gorica-fragments of natural Figure 17. Srpska Gora-karst terrain with domination
vegetation. of Asphodelus microcarpus.
Material and Methods
The field survey within the borders of the city area of Podgorica, as established in the city’s spatial plan, was
undertaken in the period 2008-2013. It covers an area of 86 km2
, that apart from the city core, also includes
the space planned to be urbanised over the next twenty years (Fig. 1). The study presents a continuation of
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 13
the research, which results were published in 2008 and 2009 (Stešević & Jovanović 2008, Stešević et al.
2009). The floristic aspect of the study included the spontaneously and subspontaneously growing vascular
plants, both native and alien. The check list from 2008 (Stešević & Jovanović, 2008), that contained 1227
taxa is updated with new published data (Hadžiablahović, 2010), and own field observations. After
additional critical revision of the literature and herbarium data some taxa are excluded from the list. Because
of a change in the number of taxa (from 1227 to 1222), the composition of the check list, and nomenclatural
status of some plants, new taxonomic, ecologic and phytogeographic analyses was performed. Taxonomic
identification of plants was conducted according to: Tutin et al. (1964-1980, 1993), Pignatti (1982), Lauber
& Wagner (2001), Ohwi (1965), Šilić (1979, 1988, 1990) and Teppner (1991). Herbarium material (voucher
specimens) were deposited in the herbarium of the Biology Department, University of Montenegro in
Podgorica (TGU) and the Institute for Plant Sciences in Graz (GZU). The plant nomenclature is in
accordance with Euro+Med (2006-), The Plant List (2013), Lakušić et al. (2013). For all taxa the major
synonyms are also provided in parentheses.
Each location where plants were collected was geo-coded using a GPS device Garmin e-Trex Vista
C. Apart from the information on the locality, the type of habitat and the number of individuals were
estimated. Abbreviations used in the check list for marking certain types of habitats are the following:
akp - arid karst fields pno - sand deposits along river banks
dep - landfills pot - rock shelter
gaz - trampled habitats pst - individual trees on pavement
gro - cemetaries put - cracks and pavement curbs
kam - rocky terrain rij - river
kan - channels rik - river and channels
kor - rocky river banks sik – scrub
kro – roofs slj - gravel
liv - meadows svp -spontaneous vegetation on the side of roads
nop - dikes along railroad tracks tra - lawns
ork - channel and river banks ulk - street channels
pas - park forests and parks zao - neglected farmland
pkg - parking zap - neglected urban spaces
pko - open-pit mines zid - walls
pls - flooding habitats ziv - hedges
For evaluating the number of individuals in certain types of habitats (lawns, treaded habitat, concrete
planters, walls, roofs, railway lines, and meadows), the Wilmanns modified cover-abundance scale has been
used (1989). The presence of a taxon in a certain type of habitat was evaluated according to a five-degree
scale:
I Taxon is present in the 0-20% of the surveys in a habitat,
II Taxon is present in the 21-40% of the surveys in a habitat,
III Taxon is present in the 41-60% of the surveys in a habitat,
IV Taxon is present in the 61-80% of the surveys in a habitat,
V Taxon is present in the 81-100% of the surveys in a habitat,
Plant life forms were defined in accordance with Ellenberg & Mueller-Dambois (1967) and
Raunkiaer (1934), complemented and elaborated according to Stevanović (1992). Abbreviations used for the
size of the above-ground part of the phanerophytes: N- nano ˂ 2m, Mi-micro 2-5m, Mes- meso 5-50m, Megmega
˃50m. For the rest life forms: N- nano ˂ 3cm, Mi-micro 3-10cm, Mes- meso 10-30cm, Mac- macro
30-60cm, Meg- mega 60-100cm, Alt- alt ˃1m).
Values of ecological indices have been taken from Pignatti (2005) and five basic indices have been
considered: light- L, temperature- T, humidity- H, soil reaction- R and nitrogen quantity- N.
Native status of species and subspecies has been determined according to Meusel et al. (1965, 1978),
Meusel & Jäger (1992), Pignatti (1982), Gajić (1980), Euro+Med (2006-). Data on the origin of alien species
have been taken from Tutin et al. (1964-1980, 1993), Pignatti (1982), Pyšek et al. (2002) and Weber (2005)
and the following abbreviations were used: AMN-North America, AMS-South America, AMC-Central
America, AUSTR-Australia, E-Europe, AS-Asia and AFR-Africa. Abbreviation ADV, means alien, and kult,
means “cultivation escape”. Apart from the previously mentioned categories, urban flora also consists of
anecophytes or obligate weeds (Scholtz 1991). These are plants that have coexisted with the human
population since pre-historic times, for which their natural habitat is unknown. Such species are Bromus
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
14
hordeaceus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Cynodon dactylon, Hordeum leporinum, Poa
annua, Senecio vulgaris and Stellaria media (Sukopp & Scholtz 1997). These species have been joined to the
group of cosmopolitans (IX type, pro parte).
The hybrid taxon Carex acuta x elata, has been exempt from the analysis, so that the number
included in the analysis is decreased by one. In order to achieve compatibility with the chorological data on
the flora of Rome, Patras and Thessaloniki, chorologic classification according to Pignatti (1982) was used.
Nine chorological types (areal types AT) are distinguished: I-Endemics, II-Steno-Mediterranean, III-EuriMediterranean,
IV-Mediterranean-mountainous, V-Eurasian s.l., VI-Atlantic, VII-South Europeanmountainous,
VIII-Boreal and IX-Widespread distribution.
The distribution of taxa (species and subspecies) in the study area of Podgorica were mapped using
the programme MAP Info 8.0. As layer, the following maps were used: Titograd i.e. Podgorica east, Titograd
i.e. Podgorica west and Vranjina (scale 1:25000), maps of the inner city area (scale 1:5000), and the satellite
image of the area. As a basic layer, the scale 1:25000 was used. A kilometre grid was added, dividing the
area into 107 quadrants of 1 square kilometer. Quadrants are marked with letters from A to K and numbers
from 1 to 13. Presence of taxa in a quadrant is marked with puncturing. Except for bullets, asterisks and
rhomb have also been used in mapping (Fig. 18, 19). The rhomb symbolises data derived from literature,
unconfirmed in the field (Fig. 18), while a combination of a bullet and asterisk is used for marking the
presence of a two subspecies on a common map. The first subspecies is marked with bullet and the second
one with asterisk (Fig. 19).
Figure 18. Distribution map for Medicago
monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. in the city area
of Podorica (unconfirmed literature data).
Figure 19. Distribution map for Linaria
genistifolia subsp. genistifolia in the city area of
Podgorica (black bullet) & L. genistifolia subsp.
dalmatica (grey asterisk).
For taxa not recorded in the field [in the Check list are marked with (-)] and for which the literature derived
data was not sufficient or accurate, no distribution maps were drawn. Quadrants belonging to the
“Agrokombinat”, covered by vineyards and peach orchards (F11, F12, G10, G11, H9, H10, I9, J8, J9) were
excluded from detailed mapping. The Atlas of all mapped taxa is presented in Appendix 1.
Based on own observations and literature data on plant behaviour towards urbanization, most of the
taxa have been classified as urbanophobes, urbanoneutrals or urbanophile. Species for which we did not have
sufficient data have not been assigned to any category. Wittig et al. (1985) define five categories of
behaviour i.e. stenourbanophile, euriurbanophile, urbanoneutral, euriurbanophobe and stenourbanophobe.
We have merged the first two and the last two categories and treated them as urbanophile or urbanophobe.
The abbreviations for the categories are UFO-urbanophobe, UNE-urbanoneutral and UFI-urbanophile.
The results of the floristic study of the city area of Podgorica have been compared with similar
studies on the city flora of Zurich (Landolt 2001), Vienna (Adler & Mrkvicka 2003), Rome (Celasti Grapow
1995), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis 1996, 2000, 2003) and Thessaloniki (Krigas & Kokkini
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 15
2004, 2005). The comparative analysis of taxonomic spectra included all selected urban areas. The
comparative analysis of the biological spectrum was not carried out for Vienna, due to lack of data regarding
the life form of taxa. Vienna and Zurich were excluded in the chorological analysis due to lack of
information or incompatibility of data.
Similarity index of different floras was calculated according to Sørensen (Magurran, 1988) as
Cs= 2ab/(a+b),
where a is the number of taxa found in city A; b is the number of taxa in city B and ab is the number
of taxa shared by the two cities.
The plant associations are identified during the habitat survey, using the approach of dominant
species and vegetation structure (Braun-Blanquet 1964), while classification of urban habitats is accorded to
Cvejić et al. (2007) and Schulte et al. (1993).
Results and discussion
Check list of the vascular flora of the city area of Podgorica
The latest Check list of the vascular plants of the city area of Podgorica contains 1222 taxa. After additional
critical revision of the literature and herbarium data some taxa are excluded from the previous list (Stešević
& Jovanović 2008), namely: Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Asphodelus albus Mill., Edraianthus graminifolius
(L.) A. DC., Fraxinus excelsior L., Minuartia verna (L.) Hiern, and Myricaria germanica (L.) Desf. Due to
the fact that ecological ambient of Podgorica does not suit to above mentioned taxa, we suppose that
collectors mislabelled herbarium specimens and confused these species with Alnus glutinosa, Asphodelus
microcarpus, Edraianthus tenuifolius, Minuartia viscosa, Fraxinus oxycarpa, and Tamarix dalmatica
otherwise widespread in the area. Species Athamanta ramossisima Spreng. and Crocus tommasinianus Herb.
are excluded because the record is given in the sence of Podgorica municipality (1441 km2
), not the city area
(86 km2
). The list complemented with newly published data (Hadžiablahović, 2010), own field observations,
data on biology, ecology and distribution of species and subspecies, is given in the following part of the
study. In addition to the check list, the Atlas of the flora of Podgorica is given in Appendix.
PTERIDOPHYTA
SPHAENOPSIDA
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense L., a Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L6, Tx, H6, Rx, N3; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: vli-I, ork-I,
pst-I, zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:40 (Cijevna, humid habitats along the river).
Equisetum ramosissimum Desf., a Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H3, R7, N1; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: orkI;
nop-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 35 (ad ripas rivi Ribnica prope Podgorica); Bulić 1994:40 (Cijevna,
humid sands near the river).
Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. [syn. E. maximum auct.), a Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L5, T7, H8, R8, N5; at: VIII
(circumbor); hab: ork-III; pot-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 101 (An feuchten Stellen, Bachufern bei Podgorica).
FILICOPSIDA
ADIANTHACEAE
Adianthum capillus-veneris L., Mi-Mes G rhiz; L1, T8, H9, R5, N3; at: IX (pantrop); hab: pot-II; zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 35 (Podgorica).
Cheilanthes persica (Bory) Mett. ex Kuhn, Mi G rhiz; L8, T8, H2, R6, N1; at: IX (n.e med-turan); hab: potV;
zid- II; kam- II; sik-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 36 (in fissuris rupium ad ripas fluvii Morača prope Podgorica); Janchen
1919: 81 (Zlatica); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 14 (Ržanički most).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
16
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium adianthum-nigrum L., semp Ch herb caesp; L6, T7, H4, R2, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: sik-I; kam-I;
UFO
Literature source: Asplenium
ceterach L. [syn. Ceterach officinarum DC.), poik Ch herb caesp-semiros; L9, T7, H2, R7, N3;
at: V (euras temp); hab: kam-V; pot-V; zid-V; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 35 (in fissuris rupium et murorum ubique frequens, Podgorica);
Černjavski et al. 1949: 66 (Titograd); Bulić 1994:42 (Cijevna); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 15 (Kuće Rakića).
Asplenium ruta-muraria L., semp Ch herb caesp; L8, Tx, H3, R8, N2; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: kam-III;
pot-III, zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 10 (frequens)
Asplenium trichomanes L., Meg-Alt G rhiz; L5, Tx, H5, Rx, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam-V; pot-V; zid-I;
kor-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 36 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 15
(Kuće Rakića).
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Dryopteris pallida (Bory) C.Chr. ex Maire & Petitm. [syn. D. villari (Bellardi) Woyn. subsp. pallida (Bory)
Heywood, Aspidium rigidum Sw.), Mes-Meg G rhiz; L9, T2, H5, R9, N0; at: III (med-or); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 100 (Podgorica in wärmeren Lagen verbreitet) & 1912: 139 (in südlichen,
wärmeren Teile Montenegros verbreitet).
HYPOLEPIDIACEAE
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, Meg-Alt G rhiz; L6, T5, H6, R3, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: ork-III; liv-II; zaoII;
pot-II; kam-I; nop-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 8 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 67 (Vranići); Stešević 2002: 25
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 14 (Dahna).
POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium cambricum L., semp Ch herb; L5, Tx, Hx, R2, Nx; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: kam-I; sik-I; pot-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 8 (circa Podgorica); Bulić 1994:42; Hadžiablahović 2010: 14 (Kuće
Rakića).
WOODSIACEAE
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth, Mes-Meg H ros; L3, T4, H5, R0, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam-I; pot-I; sik-I;
UFO
Literature source: -
SPERMATOPHYTA
GYMNOSPERMAE
CONIFEROPSIDA
CUPRESSACEAE
Cupressus sempervirens L., ac semp Mes P scap; L7, T7, H3, Rx, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS); hab: kro-I;
zap-I; pot-I; put-I; zid- I; kam-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 86 (bei dem Kloster in Podgorica); Bulić 1994:44 (Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica).
Juniperus oxycedrus L., ac semp Mi P caesp; L8, T8, H3, R0, N2; at: III (med-or); hab: kam-V; pot-III, akpIII;
UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 17
PINACEAE
Pinus halepensis Mill., ac semp Mes P scap; L11, T10, H2, R0, N2; at: IX (ADV, kult, med); hab: nop-II;
akp-I; dep-I; kor-I; kro-I; pkg-I; pot-I; put-I; pok-I; zap-I; zid-I; UFI
Literature source: Bulić 1994:44 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica).
GNETOPSIDA
EPHEDRACEAE
Ephedra foeminea Forsk. [syn. E. fragilis Desf. subsp. campylopoda (C.A.Meyer) Asch. & Graebn.), semp S
lig; L11, T8, H3, R0, N2; at: II (nw. med); hab: pot-IV; kor-III; sta-I, kam-I; sik-I; zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1891a: 470 (lungo la Morača, in via per Podgoritza); Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in
rupibus riparum fluvii Morača prope Podgorica); Janchen 1919: 83 (Mauern und Ruinen von Duklija);
Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna); Bulić 1994:44 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 16 (Sastavci).
ANGIOSPERMAE
DICOTYLEDONES
ACANTHACEAEA
Acanthus spinosus L., a Mes-Meg H semiros; L7, T10, H3, R5, N4; at: II (stenomed-or); hab: kam-III; sikIII;
kor-III; liv-II; pot-II; dep-I; svp-I, ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 285 (Podgorica, Lješanska nahija); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica).
ACERACEAE
Acer campestre L., fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T7, H5, R7, N6; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: ork-IV, sik-II, pot-I, zivI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 33 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 62 (Kuće Rakića).
Acer dasycarpum Ehrh., fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: nop-I, zap-I, kroI;
UFI
Literature source: Acer
monspessulanum L., fo dec Mes P scap; L6, T8, H3, R8, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: ork-II, sik-II, ziv-I,
nop-I, kam-I, pot-I, ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 62 (Kuće Rakića).
Acer negundo L., fo dec Mes P scap; L8, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-II, nop-I, pot-I, putI,
zid-I, kro-I, ork-I; UNE
Literature source: -
AMARANTHACEAE
Amaranthus albus L., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L9, T9, H3, Rx, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMN); zap-IV; pko-III;
dep-III; svp-II; gaz-II; nop-II; kro-II; ulk-II; pno-II; slj-II; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 22 (Blok V).
Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson, a-aut Mes-Meg T rept; L9, T7, H3, Rx, N9; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zapIII;
pko-II; dep-II; nop-II; slj-II; pas-I; pno-I; svp-I; kro-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Slavnić & Lozušić 1965 (Titograd).
Amaranthus cruentus L., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L8, T8, H4, R6, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-I; svp-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 66 (Podgorica).
Amaranthus deflexus L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T8, H4, R6, N9; at: IX (ADV, AMS); zap-IV; pst-IV;
ulk-IV; svp-III; pas-III; zid-I; nop-I; pno-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in lapidosis et locis apricis prope Podgorice); Hadžiablahović 2010:
23 (Podgorica, ruderalis).
Amaranthus hybridus L. [syn. A. chlorostachys Willd.), a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L8, T8, H4, R6, N9; at: IX
(ADV, AMS); hab: zap-IV; zao-III; dep-IV; svp-II; slj-II; pno-I; liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 66 (Podgorica).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
18
Amaranthus lividus L., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L8, T8, H4, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V; zao-III; svpII;
liv-II; slju-III; pno-II; UNE
Literature source: Amaranthus
powellii S. Watson [syn. A.bouchonii Thell., A. chlorostachys auct., non Willd.), a-aut Mes-Meg
T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 66 (Podgorica).
Amaranthus retroflexus L., a-aut Mes-Alt T scap; L9, T9, H4, Rx, N9; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zao-V;
dep-V; ulk-V; zap-IV; svp-II; pas-II; pst-II; tra-II; put-II; zar-I; liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 22 (the left riverbank of Morača).
ANACARDIACEAE
Cotinus coggygria Scop. [syn. Rhus cotinus L.], fo dec Mi P casesp; L7, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: V (s.euro-s.sib);
hab: kam-I; sik-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 35 (auf der Lješanska nahija nächst Kokoti verbreitet); Šmarda 1968: 37
(Titograd- Morača canyon).
Pistacia terebinthus L., fo dec Mi P caesp/Pscap; L9, T8, H2, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-V, kam-IV,
kor-IV; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 25 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 62
(Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
APIACEAE
Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr. [syn. Ptychotis ammoides W.D.J. Koch.), v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T9,
H2, R5, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 47 (um Podgorica häufig an Wegen, steingen und buschigen Stellen).
Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L6, T7, H5, Rx, N9; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab:
pot-II, zid-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 53 (An Mauern und auf Ruderal-Orten in der Stadt Podgorica,
wahrscheinlich verwildert).
Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, a Mac-Alt HydG emer rhiz; L8, T6, H10, Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan-IV;
UFO
Literature source: Bunium
alpinum Waldst. & Kit. subsp. montanum (Koch) P.W. Ball [syn. B. montanum Koch), v-a Mes G
bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (w.balk); hab: akp-V, kam-V, kor-IV, liv-III, pot-II, gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 53 (auf Felsen bei Podgorica und Kokoti); Stešević 2002:17 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 69 (Dajbabska gora).
Bupleurum baldense Turra subsp. gussonei (Arcang.) Tutin [syn. B. veronense Turra), v-a Mi-Mes T scap;
L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V, kam-V, kor-IV, liv-III, pot-II, gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 213 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 70
(Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Bupleurum praealtum L., a Mac T scap; L6, T7, H4, R7, N3; at: V (s.e.ev); hab: sik-I, dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Chaerophyllum
coloratum L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: akp-III, kamIII,
kor-II, liv-II, sik-II, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 53 (um Podgorica und Kokoti verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Dajbabe).
Coriandrum sativum L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T8, H3, R5, N2; at: IX (ADV, med-EAS); hab: zap-I.
Literature source: -
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, a Meg H semiros bienn; L8, T6, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V, zaoV,
zap-V, kam-IV, gro-IV, akp-III, svp-III, zao-II, tra-III, pas-II, pno-II, kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 230 (frequens); Bulić 1994: 105 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska);
Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica).
Daucus carota L. subsp. maximus (Desf.) Ball. [syn. D. maximus Desf.), a Meg H semiros bienn; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I, zap-I, pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Daucus
guttatus Sibth. & Sm. [syn. D. setulosus Guss. ex DC.), a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T9, H3, R5, N2; at:
III (e.med); hab: liv-III, tra-II, akp-II, zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Horak 1900:161 (bei Podgorica), Rohlena 19012: 45 (steinige Stellen bei Podgorica) &
1942: 230 (in campo ad Podgorica).
Eryngium amethystinum L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T7, H3, R8, N3; at: III (n.e.med); hab: akp-V, kam-V,
liv-IV, nop-IV, kam-III, zap-II, gro-I; UNE
Literature source: Baldacci 1982: 106 (in agris et pratis planitiei Podgoricae); Rohlena 1942: 211
(Podgorica); Bulić 1994:101 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Kuće
Rakića).
Eryngium campestre L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T7, H3, R8, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V, liv-IV, kamIII,
kor-IV, nop-III, zap-II, svp-II, slj-II, dep-II, gro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 211 (circa Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 74 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić
1994: 101 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Blok V).
Eryngium creticum Lam., a Mes-Meg H scap; L11, T7, H5, R7, N3; at: IX (e.med-turan); hab: liv-I, kor-I;
UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1892:539 (Lješkopolje).
Ferulago campestris (Besser) Grecescu, a Mac-Meg H scap; L7, T7, H4, R7, N2; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab:
kor-III, pot-I, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 104 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 70 (Kuće Rakića).
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., a-aut Mac-Alt H scap; L9, T8, H3, R7, N7; at: III (j.med); hab: zap-V, svp-V,
zao-IV, dep-IV, gro-III, liv-III, pas-II, kor-II, pst-I, put-I, kro-I, tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 47 ( bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 69 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka
šuma).
Malabaila aurea (Sibth. & Sm.) Boiss., v-a Mes-Mac H scap bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (balk); hab:
liv-V, akp-IV, kam-IV, gro-IV, zap-III, kor-III, nop-III, pas-II, pot-II, tra-I, ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 52 (in Gebüschen und Weingärten um Podgorica verbreitet).
Myrrhoides nodosa (L.) Cannon [syn. Physocaulis nodosa (L.) W.D.J. Koch], v Mac-Meg T scap; L6, T8,
H4, R7, N4; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-III, pot-II, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 53 (bei Podgorica, Kokoti); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Srpska).
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. [syn. O. incrassans Bory & Chaub), a Mac-Meg H scap; L5, T7, H4, R5, N4; at:
VI (med-atl); hab: vli-IV, sik-III, pno-III, pot-III, liv-II, pas-II, svp-I, nop-I, slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 220 (Mosor pr. Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Podgorica).
Oenanthe fistulosa L.,v Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T7, H9, R7, N5; at: V (euras); hab: kan-I; UFO
Literature source: Opopanax
chironium (L.) Koch., a Alt H scap semiros; L7, T8, H4, R5, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: kor-II,
pot-I, nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 22 (in pratis arridis, collibus apricis ad Podgorica versus Kakaricka gora).
Orlaya grandiflora (L.) Hoffm., a Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T6, H3, R7, N6; at: V (j.c.eu); hab: liv-V, gro-IV,
akp-III, kam-III, kor-III, svp-II, pas-II, tra-II, dep-II; UNE
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
20
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 74 (Titograd, Ribnica); Bulić 1994: 105 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Dajbabe, Ržanički most).
Pastinaca sativa L., a Mac-Meg H scap bienn; L8, T6, H4, R8, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-I, pot-I
Literature source:: Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Dajbabe).
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W.Hill [syn. P. hortense auct., P. sativum Hoffm.), a Mes-Mac H semiros;
L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS); hab: zap-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 214 (in hortis cultum).
(-) Peucedanum alsaticum L., a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (j.z.ev); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 226 (Podgorica).
Peucedanum coriaceum Rchb., a-aut Mes-Mac H semiros; L7, T6, H7, R7, N4; at: I (ilir); hab: pno-I, vli-III;
UFO
Literature source: Pimpinella
major (L.) Huds., a Mac-Meg H scap; L7, Tx, H6, R7, N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pno-II, vli-II,
ork-I, pot-I, slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Pimpinella
peregrina L., a Mac-Meg H scap bienn; L7, T8, H3, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-III, sik-II,
zap-I, kor-I, nop-I, svp-I, akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 49 (wüste Stellen bei Podgorica) & 1942: 217 (in campo ad Podgorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Kuće Rakića).
Pimpinella saxifraga L., a Mes-Mac H semiros; L7, Tx, H3, Rx, N2; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-III, liv-II,
kor-II, pot-II, pas-I, kam-I, liv-I; UFO
Literature source:: Scandix
pecten-veneris L, v Mi-Mes T semiros; L7, T7, H3, R8, N4; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-V, pot-V,
kor-IV, gro-III, kam-III, pas-III, svp-III, nor-II, pst-II, dep-II, tra-II, put-II, slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 53 (bei Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 66 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, KBC, Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Seseli globiferum Vis., a-aut Meg-Alt H semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: kor-II, kam-I;
UFO
Literature source: Seseli
montanun L. subsp. tommasinii (Rchb. fil.) Arcang. [syn. Seseli tommasini Rchb.), a-aut Mac-Meg H
semiros; L7, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: kam-IV, akp-IV, liv-IV, gro-IV, kor-IV, pas-IV, sik-III,
nop-II, tra-II, zap-II, svp-I, pkg-I, pst-I; UNE.
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Dajbabe-Srpska, Kuće Rakića,
Ržanički most).
Smyrnium perfoliatum L, v Mac-Meg H scap; L6, T8, H4, R5, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-II, kor-I, pas-I,
pot-I, liv-I, kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 55 (bei Podgorica nicht selten).
Tordylium apulum L., n-v Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V, gro-V,
kam-V, liv-V, zao-V, zap-V, pas-V, tra-V, svp-V, zid-V, dep-IV, pst-IV, sik-IV, pok-IV, gst-III, pkg-III,
pno- III, ziv-III; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 104 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Černjavski et al. 1949: 74 (Ćemovsko
polje); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Ćemovsko polje, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Tordylium maximum L., a Mac T scap; L7, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II, pot-I, zap-I, UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 22 (in ruderatis, lapidosis et ad sepes in campo ad Podgorica c.30m);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Tuška pjaca).
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Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T8, H4, R7, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-IV, kam-II,
zap-II, sik-II, tra-II, gro-II, akp-II, pot-II, nop-I, dep-I, ulk-I; UNE
Literature source : Hőpflinger 1964 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 104 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Blok V, Tološka šuma).
(-) Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. [syn. T. anthiriscus (L.) C.G. Gmelin, non Gaertn.), v-a Mes-Mac T scap;
L6, T6, H5, R8, N8; at: IX (subcosm)
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 74 (Vranići).
Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T8, H4, R7, N6; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: kam-II,
liv-II, zap-II, pas-II, akp-II, sik-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 52 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 105 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića);
Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 71 (Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
ARALIACEAE
Hedera helix L., semp S lig; L4, T5, H5, Rx, Nx; at: VI (med-atl); hab: pot-IV; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 100 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68
(Kuće Rakića, most Braće Zlatičanin).
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia clematitis L., v Mes-Meg G rad scap; L6, T7, H4, R8, N8; at: III (submed); hab: pno-V; vli-V;
svp-II; ziv-II; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 58 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 51 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 20
(Kuće Rakića, Morača the left riverbank).
Aristolochia rotunda L., v Mes G bulb; L6, T7, H4, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: pno-V; vli-V; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 82 (bei Podgorica)& 1942: 58 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 51
(Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 20 (Kuće Rakića).
APOCINACEAE
Nerium oleander L. fo semp Mi P caesp; L11, T11, H7, Rx, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, med-EASAF); hab: depI,
nop-I, pot-I, put-I, pko-I, svp-I, kro-I, zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Vinca
major L., a Mes-Meg Ch suffr caesp rept; L6, T7, H4, R5, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, med-EAS); hab:
ziv-I, svp-I, zid-I, dep-I, pot-I, kam-I; UFI
Literature source: Vinca
minor L., a Mes-Mac Ch suffr caesp rept; L4, T6, H5, Rx, N6; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: zid-I, pot-I;
UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 74 (Sastavci).
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias syriaca L., a Meg-Alt G rhiz scap; L7, T7, H6, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pls-II, dep-I
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 66 (Podgorica).
(-) Cionura erecta (L.) Griseb. [syn. Cynanchum erectum L., Marsdenia erecta (L.) R.Br.), H scap; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: III (egej-w.balk)
Literature source: Blečić & Pulević 1979 (Kakaricka gora).
Vincetoxicum huteri Vis. & Asch. [syn. Cynanchum huteri (Vis. & Asch.) K. Schum.], v-a Mes-Mac H scap;
L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: sik-III, kam-II, ziv-II, liv-I, nop-I, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1904: 70 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 75
(Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
ASTERACEAE
Achillea millefolium L., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L8, Tx, H4, Rx, N5; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: liv-II; svp-II;
zao-II; dep-II; gro-II; put-I; tra-I; sik-I; pot-I; UNE
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Literature source: Bulić 1991: 141 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 102
(Blok V, Kuće Rakića).
Achillea nobilis L., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L8, T7, H4, R8, N1; at: V (s.euro-sib); hab: kam-II; akp-II;
nop-II; liv-II; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 24 (in locis apricis ad Farmaki prope Podgorica c. 50m) & 1942: 367
(Podgorica); Černjavski 1949: 79 (Kruševac).
Achillea setacea Waldst. & Kit. [syn. A. millefolium subsp. setacea (Waldst. & Kit.) Čelak.], v-a H scap; L7,
T7, H2, R7, N1; at: V (se.euro)
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Tološka šuma).
Aetheorhiza bulbosa (L.) Cass. [syn. Crepis bulbosa (L.) Tausch], v-a Mes G bulb; L7, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: II
(stenomed); hab: pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L9, T7, H2, Rx, N1; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: slj-IV;
nop-III; zap-II; akp-I; liv-I; pot-I, dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević et al. 2013: 19 (along the railways, roadsides and on gravel deposits along
Morača River).
Anthemis arvensis L. subsp. arvensis, v-a Mes-Mac T scap/H bienn; L7, T6, H4, R3, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab:
liv-V; zao-V; gro- Ivkro-IV; svp-IV; kam-III; pas-III; dep-II; gst-II; nop-II; tra-II; pkg-I; pst-I; UNE.
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 365 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 79 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1991:
141 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica).
Anthemis arvensis L subsp. incrassata (Loisel.) Nyman [syn. A. incrassata Loisel.), v-a Mes T scap; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: III (c.e.med); hab: akp-II; kam-II; kor-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912 : 57 (in lapidosis planitiei Podgoricensis); Hadžiablahović 2010: 101
(Dajbabe, Tološka šuma).
(-) Anthemis cotula L., a Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N5; at: III (eurimed)
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 24 (in arvis ad Podgorica) & 1942: 365 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 18
(Gorica).
Arctium lappa L., a-aut Mes-Mac Alt H scap bienn; L9, T5, H5, R7, N9; at: V (euras); hab: svp-I; zap-I;
UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Arctium minus Bernh., v Mac-Alt H scap; L11, T5, H5, R8, N9; at: V (euro); hab: svp-II; slj-II, liv-I, zap-I,
UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 104 (Čepurci, Kuće Rakića).
Artemisia absinthium L., a-aut Mac-Alt Ch suffrut; L9, T6, H4, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: nop-I; zap-I;
svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Artemisia
alba Turra [syn. A. lobelii All.), a-aut Meg Ch suffrut caesp; L9, T5, H3, R7, N2; at: V (s.eu); hab:
akp- I; kor-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1991: 143 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Kuće Rakića).
Artemisia annua L., a-aut Mac-Alt T scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N1; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: akp-V; dep-V; zaoV;
pas-V; nop-IV; gro-V; kam-III; liv-III; slj-III; pkg-II; put-II; kro-II; zar-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 60 (längst der Strasse von Podgorica nach Plavnica nich selten) & 1912: 60
(nördlich von Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 103 (Blok V).
Artemisia campestris L., a-aut Mes-Alt Ch suffrut; L9, T6, H3, R5, N2; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: akp-I; svpI;
nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 10 (Ržanički most).
Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte, a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T7, H7, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zao-V;
nop-V; zap-V; dep-V; svp-V; pno-IV; gro-III; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević & Jogan 2006: 173 (Podgorica).
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Artemisia vulgaris L., aut Meg-Alt H scap; L9, T7, H4, Rx, N5; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: zap- III; pot- III;
svp- III; zao-II; nop-II; dep-II; pit-I; par-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 60 (an Bachufern, in Gebüsche bei Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 18
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 103 (Blok V).
Bellis perennis L., n-a Mes H ros; L9, T5, Hx, Rx, N5; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: liv-V; tra-V; gaz-V; gro-V;
pas-V; kam-IV; zao-III; zap-II; svp-II; pkg-II; pst-I; dep-I; put-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 356 (frequens); Bulić 1991: 139 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 98 (Podgorica).
Bidens bipinnata L., a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L7, T7, H9, R7, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: pno-II; slj-II;
UNE
Literature source: Bidens
frondosa L., a-aut Mac-Alt T scap; L7, T7, H9, R7, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pno-III; slj-II; plsII;
UNE
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Bidens subalternans DC., a-aut Meg-Alt T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-V; depV;
nop-IV; pno-III; gro-III; ulk-III; svp-III; kro-II; zao-III; pko-III; put I; akp-I; zar-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Bombycilaena
erecta (L.) Smoljan, v-a Mi T scap; L9, T9, H1, R9, N0; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); hab: akp-III; korII;
liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 78 (Ćemovsko polje).
Calendula arvensis L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap/H bienn; L7, T8, H3, R8, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: dep-I;
zap-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Calendula
officinalis L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap/H bienn; L8, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, med-E);
hab: zap-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Carduus
acanthoides L., a Meg-Alt H scap bienn; L9, T5, H3, Rx, N8; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: zao-IV; livIII;
svp-II; dep-II; akp-II; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 381 (Podgorica).
Carduus candicans Waldst. & Kit. [syn. C. collinus Waldst. & Kit.), a Mac-Meg H scap bienn; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: V (se. euro); hab: liv-II; kam-I; sik-I; pas-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 26 (in campo Lješkopolje ad Podgorica) & 1905: 63 (bei Farmaki nächst
Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 104 (Univerzitet).
Carduus nutans L. subsp. nutans, a Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L8, Tx, H3, R8, N6; at: V (w. euro); hab: liv: II,
kam: I, UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 62 (bei Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002 (Gorica), Hadžiablahović
2010: 104 (Kuće Rakića).
Carduus nutans L. subsp. micropterus (Borbás) Hayek [syn. C. micropterus (Borbás) Teyber), a Mac-Meg H
scap bienn; L7, T6, H3, R6, N6; at: III (n.med); hab: liv-V; kam-V; zao-V; pas-V; akp-IV; gro-IV; svp-IV;
pko-II; pot-II; tra-II; dep-II; zap-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 380 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Hadžiablahović 2010: 104 (Tuški put).
Carduus nutans L. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrović) Stoj. & Stef. [syn. Carduus thoermeri Weinm.], v-a H scap
bien; L7, T6, H3, R6, N6; at: V (se. euro), hab: liv-V, kam-V, zao-V, pas-V, akp-IV, gro-IV, svp-IV, pko-II,
pot-II, tra-II, dep-II, zap-II; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 104 (Kruševac).
Carduus pycnocephalus L., a Mes-Meg H scap bienn/T scap; L7, T8, H3, Rx, N3; at: IX (eurimed-turan);
hab: pas-V; ap-V; dep-V; liv-IV; svp-IV; zao-IV; pot-IV; ulk-IV; nop-III; pst-III; akp-II; gaz-II; pno-II; putII;
sik-II; slj-II; pko-II; tra-II; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 63 (Steinige wüste Stellen bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 104 (Podgorica).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
24
Carlina corymbosa L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L6, Tx, H2, Rx, N4; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; livIV;
gro-IV; zop-IV; pko-III; dep-II; zao-II; pot-II; svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Carlina
vulgaris L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T6, H9, Rx, N3; at: VIII (eurosib)
Literature source: Baldacci 1894: 97 (in dumetis ultra Podgoritza versus Medun)
Carthamus lanatus L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H3, R5, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-IV; kam-IV; akpIII;
nop-III; gro-III; dep-II; zap-II; kor-II, pko-II; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:79 (Momišići, Titograd); Bulić 1991: 147 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević
2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 107 (Blok V, Tološka šuma).
Centaurea deusta Ten. [syn. C. alba L. subsp. deusta (Ten.) Nyman, C. alba var. concolor DC., C. deusta
subsp. splendens, Centaurea alba L. subsp. splendens (L.) Arcang., C. splendens L., C. deusta Ten. subsp.
concolor (DC.) Hayek.], a-aut Mes-Mac H scap bienn; L7, T5, H3, R7, N2; at: I (apen-balk); hab: kam-V,
liv-V, akp-IV, gro-IV, nop-II, svp-III, pas-II, pkg-II, pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Malý 1933 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 79 (Titograd, Momišići); Bulić 1991:
146 (Ćemovsko polje, kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 106 (Tološka šuma).
Centaurea calcitrapa L., a Mes-Meg H scap bienn; L11, T9, H3, Rx, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-IV;
gro-III; kam-III; liv-III; svp-III, akp-II; dep-II; nop-II; pas-II; pkg-II; tra-II; put-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 106 (Podgorica).
Centaurea jacea L. subsp. weldeniana (Rchb.) Greuter, [syn. Centaurea weldeniana Reichenb.] a Mes-Meg
H scap; L6, T6, H4, R7, N3; at: IV (med-mont); hab: liv-III, akp-II, nop-II, svp-II, kor-II, pko-I, kam-I, groI,
pot-I, tra-I, slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (as Centaure jacea, Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 106 (Kruševac).
Centaurea nicolai Bald., a Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir); UFO
Literature source: Pulević & Lakušić 1983: (Cijevna); Bulić 1994: 146 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje).
Centaurea solstitialis L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H3, Rx, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; akp-IV;
gro-IV; zap-IV; gaz-III; kam-III; pkg-III; dep-II; zao-II; nop-II, pas-II; pot-II, put-I; tra-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:79 (Vranići); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
(-) Chamaemelum nobilis (L.) All. [syn. Anthemis nobilis L.], a-aut Mi-Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at:
VI (med-atl)
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 94 (in locis apricis ad Farmaki prope Podgorica c. 50m) & 1942: 367
(Podgorica).
Chondrilla juncea L., a-aut Mac-Alt H scap; L8, T7, H3, R8, Nx; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-V; kam-V;
zap-V; svp-V; gro-IV; akp-IV; nop-III; par-III; pst-III; pko-III; put-II; pas-II; tra-II; ulk-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 65 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 149 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 19
(Gorica).
Cichorium intybus L., a-aut Mac-Meg H scap; L9, T6, H3, R8, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; zap-V; zao-V;
gro-V; akp-IV; kam-IV; pas-IV; tra-IV; svp-IV; gaz-III; nop-III; pkg-II; ulk-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 392 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 79 (Titograd); Bulić 1991: 147
(Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
Cichorium pumilum Jacq. syn. Cichorium endivia L. subsp. divaricatum (Schousb.) P.D. Sell], a Mac H
scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: II (stenomed); hab: zap-I
Literature source: Cirsium
arvense (L.) Scop., a Mac-Alt G rad scap; L8, Tx, H4, Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-II; zao-II;
nop-II; svp-I; vli-I; pko-I; slj-I; pno-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
Cirsium candelabrum Griseb., a Meg-Alt H scap bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (balk); hab: svp-I; slj-I;
UFO
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 25
Literature source: Baldacci 1892: 111 (prope Velje Brdo agro Podgorica); Rohlena 1942: 385 (Velje brdo pr.
Podgorica).
Cirsium ligulare Boiss., a Alt H scap bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (submesian); hab: kam-II; sik-II; pasII;
liv-II; akp-II; zap-II; vli-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 382 (Podgorica).
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. [syn. C. lanceolatum (L.) Scop., non Hill.], a Mac-Meg H scap bienn; L8, T5,
H5, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-III; kor-II; svp-I; vli-II; pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 77 (bei Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1991: 145 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska).
Cota austriaca (Jacq.) Sch. Bip. [syn. Anthemis austriaca L., A. coniformis Velen], a Mes T scap; L8, T7,
H3, R9, N5; at: V (se. euro)
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Tološka šuma).
Cota segetalis (Ten.) Holub [syn. Anthemis segetalis Ten., A. brachycentros Gay. ex W.D.J. Koch, A.
brachycentros Asch.], a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H3, R5, N2; at: V (se. euro); stip: kro-II, liv-II, zao-II, akp-I,
svp-I, nop-I; UNE
Literature source: (-)
Cota triumfettii (L.) J. Gay [syn. Anthemis triumfettii (L.) DC.], a Mes-Mac H scap; L8, T6, H3, R3, N2;
at: V (s.eu)
Literature source: Rohlena 1903: 38 (auf Hügeln bei Podgorica c. 50m).
Crepis foetida L., a-aut Mes-Mac H semiros bienn; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V; korV;
pot-V; akp-IV; liv-IV; kro-III; svp-II; zao-I; pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 67 (trockene Grasplätze bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Crepis neglecta L., a Mes-Mac T semiros bienn; L7, T6, H4, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; liv-V;
kam-V; gro-V; pas-IV; zao-III; dep-II; gaz-II; kro-II; zap-II; put-I; pkg-I; tra-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 2 (Kokoti); Hadžiablahović 2010: 111 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića,
Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Crepis sancta (L.) Babc. [syn. Lagoseris sancta (L.) K Maly, L. bifida (Vis.) Koch., Trichopteris bifida
Vis.], n-a Mes T semiros; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: akp-V; liv-V; kam-V; kor-V;
gro-V; zao-V; zap-V; pas-V; svp-V; gaz-III; pkg-III; pst-III; dep-III; put-II; kro-II; nop-II; sik-II; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 2 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:80 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1991:
150 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 111
(Dajbabe, Podgorica).
Crepis setosa Haller fil., a Mes-Mac T semiros; L11, T9, H2, R8, N2; at: III (eurimed-or); hab: kam-V; kroV;
akp-IV; liv-IV; gro-IV; dep-II; gaz-II; zap-II; pst-II; pko-II; nop-II; ulk-II; zao-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 2 (in pratis regionis inferioris, ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:80
(Ćemovsko polje, Titograd); Bulić 1991: 150 (Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 111 (Tološka šuma).
Crepis vesicaria L. subsp. vesicaria, v Mac-Meg H semiros; L8, T8, H3, R6, N2; at: VI (med-atl); hab: tra-I;
UNE
Literature source: Crepis
vesicaria L. subsp. haenseleri (Boiss. ex DC.) P.D. Sell [syn. Crepis taraxacifolia Thuill.], a MesMac
T semiros/H bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VI (med-atl); hab: liv-I; kor-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 67 (bei Podgorica nicht häufig); Hadžiablahović 2010: 111 (Tološka šuma,
Tuški put).
Crepis zacyntha (L.) Babc. [syn. Zacyntha verrucosa Gaertn.], v-a Mes T semiros; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at:
II (stenomed); hab: kam-III; akp-III; kor-II; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 67 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:79 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević
2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 111 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Ržanički most, Tuški put).
Crupina vulgaris Cass., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T8, H2, R6, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-III; akp-III; liv-II;
kor-II; pas-I; UFO
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
26
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 64 (bei Podgorica c. 30m); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 106 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Cyanus segetum Hill. [syn. Centaurea cyanus L.], a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, Tx, Hx, R4, N3; at: IX (subcosm);
stip: tra-I
Literature source: Dittrichia
graveolens (L.) W. Greuter [syn. Inula graveolens (L.) Desf.], a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8,
H3, R7, N7; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: pko-III; slj-II; zap-II; kor-II; dep-I; akp-I, gro-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Dittrichia
viscosa (L.) W. Greuter [syn. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton], a-aut Mac-Alt H scap; L11, T8, H3, R7,
N9; at: III (eurimed); hab: svp-III; gro-III; nop-III; zap-III; dep-III; vli-III; pko-III; slj-III; kam-III; pno-II;
kor-I; akp-I; kro-I; pkg-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1991: 140 (Srpska, Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. s.l. [syn. Stenactis annuua (L.) Less.], a-aut Mac-Meg T semiros; L7, T7, H6,
R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-V; svp-V; gro-III; zao-V; dep-IV; pas-III; liv-III; kro-III; tra-III; nopII;
kam-II; ulk-II; akp-II; pot-I; pkg-I; pst-II; UNE
Literature source: Erigeron
annuus (L.) Pers subsp. septentrionalis (Fernald & Wiegand) Wagenitz, a-aut Mes-Meg T semiros;
L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-IV; UNE
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Erigeron bonariensis L. [syn. Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq.], a-aut Mes-Mac T semiros; at: IX (ADV,
AMS); L8, T8, H3, Rx, N7; hab: zap-IV; gro-III;put-III; dep-III; svp-III; nop-II; akp-I; kam-I; kro-I; pkg-I;
ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Erigeron canadensis L. [syn. Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.], a-aut Mac-Alt T semiros; L8, T6, H5, Rx,
N7; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-V; gro-IV; svp-IV;dep-III; put-III; zao-III; akp-II; kam-II; kro-II; ulk-II;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 60 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 139 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. [syn. Conyza sumatrensis (Retz) E. Walker, C. albida Willd.], a-aut Mac-Alt T
semiros; L8, T8, H3, Rx, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-V; svp-IV; gro-IV; zao-III; nop-III; pas-III; pstIII;
put-III; dep-II; kam-I; kro-II; pko-II; akp-I; liv-I; zar-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Eupatorium cannabinum L., a-aut Mac-Alt H scap; L7, T7, H7, R5, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: pno-III; potIII;
vli-III; slj-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 355 (frequens); Bulić 1991: 139 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 139
(Kuće Rakića).
Filago arvense L. [syn. Logfia arvensis (L.) J. Holub, Gnaphalium arvense L., F. montana L. pro parte], a
Mi-Mes T scap; L9, T8, H2, R3, N1; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); stip: akp-III, liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 78 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1991: 139 (kuće Rakića).
Filago gallica L. [syn. Logfia gallica (L.) Coss. & Germ., L. subulata L., Gnaphalium gallicum L.], a MiMes
T scap; L11, T8, H2, R3, N1; at: III (eurimed); stip: ako-II, liv-II, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 25 (in arenosis planitiei Podgoricensis).
Filago germanica (L.) Hudson [syn. F. vulgaris Lam., Gnaphalium germanicum L.], a Mi-Mes T scap; L8,
T7, H3, R4, N2; at: V (paleotemp); stip: akp-V, liv-V, kam-V, zao-III, pot-III, kor-III, gro-III, sik-II, nop-II,
pko-II, svp-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 25 (in arenosis circum Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:79 (Ćemovsko
polje); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
Gnaphalium uliginosum L. [syn. Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz], a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T6, H7, R5, N5; at:
VIII (eurosib); hab: vli-II; liv-I; pot-I; UFO
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Literature source: Bulić 1994:140 (Kuće Rakića).
Gaillardia aristata Pursh, a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: svp-I; depI;
UFI
Literature source: Steševič 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Galinsoga parviflora Cav., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T6, H7, R5, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-IV;
gro-III; put-II; ilk-II; svp-II;; zao-I; dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Hedypnois
rhagadioloides (L.) F.W. Schmidt [syn. H. rhagadioloides subsp. monspeliensis (Nyman) Murb.],
v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L9, T10, H2, R2, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-III; liv-II; nop-II; akp-II; pas-I;
pot-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 393 (Podgorica).
Helianthus annuus L., a-aut Alt T scap; L8, T7, H4, Rx, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-I; svp-I
Literature source: Helianthus
× laetiflorus Pers., a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: svp-II;
pno-II; slj-II; pot-I; UFI
Literature source: Helianthus
tuberosus L., a-aut Alt G tub; L8, T7, H7, Rx, N6; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pno-III; slj-III; zapIII;
dep-II; svp-II; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) G. Don. fil., a Mac Ch suffrut; L8, T8, H4, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kamII;
kor-II; nop-II; pot-I; sik-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1991: 140 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub. [syn. Picris echioides L.], a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H2, Rx, N2;
at: III (eurimed); stip: liv-I; UFO
Literature source : Hieracium
heterogynum (Froel) Gutermann [syn. H. stuppeum Griseb.], a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: I (subilir); hab: sik-III; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Hieracium
waldsteinii Tausch subsp. plumulosum (A. Kern.) Freyn [syn. H. plumulosum A.Kern.], a Mes H
semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (balk); hab: kor-I; pot-I; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1991: 150 (Kuće Rakića).
Hypochoeris cretensis (L.). Bory et Chaub., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L7, T8, H2, R7, N1; at: IV (n.e. medmont);
hab: liv-V; pas-IV; gro-IV; kam-IV; svp-III; akp-III; tra-II; nop-II; pst-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 11 (Blok V, Tološi).
Hypochoeris glabra L., v-a Mes-Mac H ros; L11, T8, H2, R2, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-II; akp-II; korII;
pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 68 (steinige wüsste Stellen bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:79
(Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 108 (Tološka šuma).
Hypochoeris radicata L., v-a Mes H ros; L9, T8, H2, Rx, N1; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: liv-III; kam-II; kor-II;
svp-II; akp-II; tra-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 66 (auf einer Wiese bei Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 147 (Ćemovsko polje,
Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 108 (Kruševac).
Inula britannica L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T6, H7, R8, N3; at: V (c.euro-w.as); hab: liv-I; vli-I; sik-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 63 (Podgorica).
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Inula conyza DC., a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L6, T6, H4, R7, N3; at: V (c.euro-w.as); hab: pas-II; sik-II; nop-I;
UFO
Literature source: Inula
germanica L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (euro); hab: vli-III; pas-II; svp-II; livI;
zap-I; tra-I; pno-II; slj-I; pkg-I; UFO
Literature source: Inula
oculus-christi L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.euro-w.as); hab: pko-I; UFO
Literature source: Horak 1900: 1962 (Podgorica).
Iva xanthifolia Nutt., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: dep-I; zap-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
Jacobaea erratica (Bertol.) Fourr. [syn. Senecio erratiacus Bertol., S. aquaticus Hill subsp. barbareifolius
(Wimm. & Grab.) Walters, S. jacobaea subsp. erraticus (Bertol.) Sudre], a Mes-Meg H scap beinn; L7, T6,
H4, R7, N4; at: V (c.euro-submed); hab: pno-I, UFO
Literature source: Lactuca
muralis (L.) Gaertn. [syn. Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort.], a Mes-Meg H scap; L4, T5, H5, Rx, N6;
at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pot-II; sik-I; kor-I; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 401 (frequens).
Lactuca serriola L., a-aut Mac H scap bienn/ T scap; L9, T7, H4, R6, N4; at: V (eurimed-s.sib); hab: zap-V;
zao-IV; svp-IV; dep-IV; kro-III; gro-III; liv-III; nop-III; akp-II; kam-II; pko-II; kor-II; pot-II; ulk-II; pst-II;
put-I; zid-I; tra-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 1 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 149 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 110 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Lactuca viminea (L.) J. Presl. & C. Presl., a Mac scap; L6, T7, H3, R7, N3; at: V (eurimed-w.as); hab: kamV;
sik-III; pas-III; akp-III; liv-III; nop-III; kor-III; zap-II; dep-II;put-II; svp-I; pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 65 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 110
(Blok V).
Lapsana communis L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L5, Tx, H5, Rx, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: sik-II; pot-I; pasI;
vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 397 (frequens); Bulić 1991: 150 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Leontodon crispus Vill. [syn. L. crispus Vill. subsp. asper (Waldst. & Kit.) Rohlena], v-a Mes H ros; L9, T7,
H3, R7, N2; at: V (euro); hab: akp-V; kam-V; kor-V; pot-V; liv-IV; gro-III; pas-III; nop-II; svp-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 68 (um Podgorica häufig); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 108 (Dajbabska gora, Podgorica).
Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mérat., a Mes H ros; L11, T6, H5, R7, N2; at: IV (med-mont); hab: vli-I; kroI;
svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 11 (Tuški put).
Leontodon tuberosus L., aut-n Mes H ros; L11, T8, H3, R7, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-V; akp-V; kam-V;
kor-III; gro-II; pas-III; tra-III; svp-I; gaz-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 108 (Dajbabska gora).
Leucanthemum praecox (Horvatić) Horvatić, a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T6, H4, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); stip:
liv-III, svp-II, kor-II, nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica, as L. vulgare Lam. subsp. leucolepis Briq. & Cav.);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Tološka šuma).
Matricaria chamomilla L. [syn. M. recutita L., M. suaveolens L., Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert], a MiMes
T scap; L7, T5, H6, R5, N5; at: IX (cosm); stip: gaz-IV, gro-IV, zao-IV, akp-III, zap-III, pas-II, svp-III,
kro-II, liv-II, pkg-II, pko-II, tra-II, nop-II, dep-I, kam-I, put-I, ulk-I, pst-III; UNE
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 25 (in arvis ad Farmaki prope Podgorica c. 30m) & 1942: 372
(Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 142 (Ćemovsko polje, kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Tološka šuma).
Matricaria discoidea DC. [syn. M. suaveolens (Pursh) Buchenal Chamomilla suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.], aaut
Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); stip: svp-II, zap-II, liv-I, tra-I, pno-I, kro-I, nop-I;
UFI
Literature source: Vasić 1989: 139 & 1995: 77 (Podgorica).
Onopordum acanthium L., a Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L11, T7, H4, R7, N8; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: depIII;
zao-II; liv-II; zap-I; gro-I; nop-I; svp-I; pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Onopordum
illyricum L. [syn. O. elongatum Lam.], a Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L11, T8, H3, R7, N9; at: II
(stenomed); hab: liv-III; kam-II; nop-II; akp-II; dep-I; pko-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 26 (in lapidosis collis Gorica (c. 150m) prope Podgorica); Stešević 2002:
19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 102 (Tološka šuma).
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass., a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H4, Rx, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-III; sik-III; korII;
liv-II; akp-I; nop-I; gro-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 60 (bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Picris hieracioides L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, Tx, H4, R8, N4; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: liv-III; sik-III;
kor-III; svp-III; nop-III; kam-II; pno-II; slj-II; zap-II; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Picris
hispidissima (Bartl.) W.D.J. Koch, a Mes H scap bienn; L8, T7, H3, R7, N3; at: I (adritic), ats-III, atpI;
hab: sik-III; pas-II; kor-II; liv-II; svp-I; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 68 (Kokoti).
Picnomon acarna (L.) Cass. [syn. Cirsium acarne (L.) Moench.), a Mes-Meg T scap; L11, T10, H2, R5, N7;
at: II (stenomed); hab: nop-I; svp-I; pko-I; UFO
Literature source: Šmarda 1968: 34 (Titovgrad- Morača canyon).
Pilosella piloselloides (Vill.) Soják subsp. bauhinii (Schult.) S. Bräut. & Greuter [syn. Hieracium praealtum
Vill. ex Gochnat subsp. bauhinii (Besser) Petunn., H. bauhinii Besser], a Mes-Mag H rept; L7, T6, H3, R7,
N2; at: V (se.euro-se.sibir); hab: pas-V; liv-IV; sik-III; kam-III, pot-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 70 (Hieracium bauhinii Bess. subsp. podgoricae Rohl et Zahn, um
Podgorica c. 50m); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2019: 111 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe,
Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Podospermum canum C. A. Mey [syn. Scorzonera cana (C.A. Mey.] O. Hoffm.), a Mes H scap; L9, T8, H5,
R9, N4; at: V (se.euro-c.as); hab: kam-II, liv-I, pas-I, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 108 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. [syn. Scorzonera laciniata L.], a Mes H scap; L7, T8, H3, R8, Nx; at: V
(paleotemp); hab: liv-V, akp-IV, kam-IV, gro-IV, sik-III, kor-III, svp-III, zao-III, zap-II, nop-II, tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 3 (in pratis siccis, ad marginem viarum et in pascuis planitiei
Podgoricensis c. 30m); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 109 (Podgorica).
Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh., a Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T6, H7, Rx, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-V; zapII;
liv-II; kam-II; slj-II; pno-I; pot-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Pulicaria
vulgaris Gaertner, a-aut T scap; L7, T7, H7, R7, N7; at: V (paleotemp)
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 100 (Blok V).
Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn., v-a Mes-Meg T semiros; L8, T9, H3, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: pasV;
sik-V; pot-V; gro-IV; liv-III; kam-III; kor-III; ziv-III; tra-III; zap-II; nop-I; zid-I; pst-I; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 68 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1991: 147 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 19
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 107 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Rudbeckia triloba L., a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab; dep-I; zap-I,UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
Scolymus hispanicus L., a Mes-Alt H scap; L11, T8, H3, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: zap-V; kam-IV; livIV;
kor-IV; nop-IV; pko-IV; akp-IV; svp-III; dep-III; gro-II; slj-II; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 107 (Blok V).
Scorzonera doria Degen & Bald., v-a Mi-Mes H ros; L11, T6, H4, R7, N2; at: I (w.s.balk); hab: kor-III; akpII;
kam-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 398 (Podgorica, Farmaci, Duklja).
Scorzonera mollis M. Bieb., v Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (c.e.med-pont); hab: kam-II; UFO
Literature source: Senecio
squalidus (L.) subsp. rupestris (Waldst. & Kit.) Greuter [syn. S. rupestris Waldst. & Kit.], a MesMeg
H scap; L7, T4, H4, Rx, N5; at: VII (alp-karp); stip: sik-I; kam-I; nop-I; dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 377 (frequens).
Senecio vulgaris L., n-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L7, Tx, H5, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: pas-V; zao-V; pot-V; sikIV;
kam-IV; svp-IV; gro-IV; liv-III; dep-III; tra-III; zap-III; kro-III; pst-III; pko-II; put-II; akp-II; pkg-I; zidI;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 58 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 96 (Podgorica).
Serratula tinctoria L., a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T6, Hx, R8, N5; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Silybum
marianum (L.) Gaertn., a Mes-Alt H scap bienn; L11, T10, H3, R5, N7; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab:
svp-II; dep-II; nop-II; kor-II; zao-II; pko-I; pas-I; gro-I; kam-I; sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 62 (Ruderalorte bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 105 (Ržanički
most).
Sonchus arvensis L., v-a Mac-Alt H scap; L7, T5, H5, R7, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V; gro-V; pas-V; svpV;
liv-IV; kro-III; zao-IV; pot-III; dep-IV; ulk-III; put-III; pko-II; pst-II; kam-II; pno-II; slj-II; tra-II; akp-I;
nop-II; zar-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
Sonchus asper (L.) Ball., a Mac-Alt T scap; L7, T5, H4, R7, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-IV; pas-III; svp-III;
gro-II; pko-II; sik-I; zao-II; pot-I; zaop-I; pst-I; tra-I,UNE
Literature source: Sonchus
oleraceus L., a-aut Mac-Alt T scap/H scap bienn; L7, T5, H4, R8, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V;
pas-V; svp-V; gro-V; dep-IV; ulk-IV; kro-III; liv-III; pot-III; put-II; kam-II; zao-III; nop-II; pst-II; tra-II;
akp-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 110 (Stara Varoš).
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom [syn. Aster novi-belgii L.], a-aut Mac-Meg Alt H scap; L9,
Tx, H6, Rx, N9; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); stip: zap-I, svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 67 (Podgorica).
Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G. L. Nesom [syn. Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron., Conyza
squamata Spreng.], a-aut Mes-Meg scap; L8, T8, H4, R7, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMC, AMS); stip: zap-III, putII,
nop-II, dep-II, svp-II, tra-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 10 (Blok V, Dajbabe).
Tagetes patula L., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-II; put-I; svp-I;
UFI
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Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. [syn. Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trevir.) Vis.], a MesMeg
Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (adriat); hab: kor-III; kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 59 (Felsige Ufer des Flusses Morača bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
102 (Dajbabska gora).
Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip., a Mes-Meg H scap; L6, T5, H5, R5, N6; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS);
hab: put-I; UFI
Literature source: Tanacetum
vulgare L., a-aut Mac-Meg H scap; L8, Tx, H5, Rx, N5; at: V (euras); hab: svp-I
Literature source: Taraxacum
officinale Weber subsp. officinale, v-aut Mes H ros; L7, Tx, H5, Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: livV;
zao-V; gro-V; zap-V; pas-V; tra-V; gaz-IV; ulk-IV; svp-III; kam-II; pst-II; pkg-II; zar-II; put-I; krp-I;
nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1991:149 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 110
(Podgorica).
Taraxacum officinale Weber subsp. palustre (Lyons) Bech. [syn. T. palustre (Lyons) Becherer, T. paludosus
(Scop.) Schlect. & Crépin), a-aut Mes H ros; L8, Tx, H8, R8, N0; at: IX (cosm); hab: vli-III; pls-III; pas-I;
ulk-I; pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 65 (oft an trockene und steinigen Stellen, um Podgorica nicht selten) &
1912: 66 (Podgorica).
Tragopogon porrifolius L., v-a Mes-Meg H scap bienn; L9, T9, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V;
gro-V; kam-III; zap-III; zao-III; nop-III; sik-II; kor-II; pas-II; tra-II; svp-II; akp-I; dep-I; pst-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 67 (um Podgorica und Kokoti (Lješanska nahija); Stešević 2002: 19
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 109 (Kruševac, Tološka šuma).
Tragopogon pratensis L., a Mes H scap; L7, T5, H4, R7, N5; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: liv-III; sik-II; kam- II;
akp-II; zao-II; gro-I; nop-I; pas-I; vli-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 67 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 148 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 19
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 109 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Tussilago farfara L., v Mi-Mes G rhiz; L8, Tx, H6, R8, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: svp-I; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 61 (An nassen Stellen überall verbreitet, bei Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 143
(Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 19 (Gorica).
Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Cass., v-a Mes-Meg T semiros; L7, T9, H3, R5, N7; at: II (stenomed); hab: akpIII;
kam-III; kor-II; sik-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 26 (in lapidosis collis Gorica prope Podgorica) & 1905: 63 (bei Farmaki)
& 1942: 385 (Farmaci, Kokoti); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 105 (Dajbabska gora,
Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W. Schmidt., v-a Mes-Meg T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: III
(eurimed); hab: pot-V; kam-IV; sik-III; kor-III; gro-III; zap-III; svp-III; liv-III; pko-III; nop-III; pas-III; zaoII;
akp-II; ulk-II; pst-II; dep-II; kro-I; zar-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 68 (steinigen und wüsste Stellen bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 105 (Dajbabe, Dajbabska gora, Tološka šuma).
Xanthium orientale (Moretti) Greuter subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter [syn. Xanthium strumarium L. subsp.
italicum (Moretti) D. Löve, X. strumarium L. subsp. cavanillesii (Sehonev ex Dialr.) D. Löve & Dansereau],
a-aut Meg –Alt T scap; L8, T8, H5, Rx, N1; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pko-V; dep-V; pno-V; slj-V; zap-V;
svp-IV; pot-III; nop-III; kam-II; gro-II; liv-II; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 363 (Podgorica).
Xanthium spinosum L., a-aut Meg-Alt T scap; L9, T10, H2, Rx, N1; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: dep-III; pkoIII;
liv-II; svp-II; nop-II; zap-II; kam-II; akp-II; slj-II; gaz-I; pas-I; tra-I; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 79 (um Podgorica und Lješkopolje (südlich von Podgorica).
Zinnia elegans Jacq., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: dep-I; zapI;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens balsamina L., v Mac-Alt T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2007: 157 (Podgorica).
BERBERIDACEAE
Mahonia aquifolium (Pursch) Nutt., fo semp NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zapI;
pot-I; kam-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 68 (Podgorica).
BETULACEAE
Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., v fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T5, H9, R6, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: pls-V; ork-II;
UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 17 (Srpska).
Carpinus orientalis Mill. [syn. C. duinensis Scop.], v fo dec Mi P caesp; L4, T7, H3, R4, N5; at: III
(submed); hab: sik-V; kor-III; kam-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (Podgorica sehr häufig); Černjavski et al. 1949: 67 (Vranići); Stešević
2002: 20 (Gorica), Hadžiablahović 2010: 17 (Kuće Rakića).
Corylus avellana L. v fo dec Mi P caesp; L6, T5, H5, R5, N8; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-I; zao-I; pot-I;
UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 17 (Kuće Rakića).
Ostrya carpinifolia Scop., v fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L4, T8, H4, Rx, Nx; at: III (med- submed); hab: ork-III;
sik-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 68 (Titograd); Hadžiablahović 2010: 17 (Kuće Rakića).
BIGNONIACEAE
Catalpa bignonioides Walt., v Mi-Mes P scap; L9, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: ork-I
Literature source: Stešević 2007: 158 (Podgorica).
BORAGINACEAE
Aegonychon purpurocaeruleum (L.) Holub [syn. Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I. M. Johnst. [syn.
Lithospermum purpurocoeruleum L.], v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L5, T7, H4, R8, N4; at: V (s.euro-pont); hab:
sik-I, ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (bei Podgorica).
Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch, v-a Mes H rept; L8, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V, kor-IV,
kam-III, liv-III, grp-III, dep-I, pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 5 (in arenosis ad Podgorica) & 1905: 71 (um Podgorica); Černjavski et al.
1949: 75 (Titograd, Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 114 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović
2010: 77 (Agrokombinat).
Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb., [syn. Lycopus arvensis L.], a Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: V (euras);
UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:75 (Titograd, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica).
Anchusa cretica Mill., [syn. Lycopus variegata auct., non L.], n-v Mi-Mes T semiros; L7, T8, H3, R5, N6;
at: II (stenomed-or); hab: liv-V, gro-V, pas-V, kam-V, pot-V, zao-V, tra-V, sik-IV, svp-III, dep-III, kor-IV,
pst-II, zar-I; UNE
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 33
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (um Podgorica verbreitet and gemein); Černjavski et al. 1949: 75
(Titograd, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78 (KBC, Kuća Rakića).
Anchusa italica Retz., [syn. Anchusa azurea Mill.], v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L11, T8, H3, R4, N4; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-I, kam-I, sik-I, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 71 (unter der Kararicka Gora bei Podgorica) & 1912: 91 (zwischen Medun
und Podgorica), Bulić 1994:114 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Anchusa officinalis L., a Mes H scap bienn; L9, T8, H3, R7, N5; at: V (pont); hab: liv-I, kam-I, svp-I
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 75 (Titograd).
Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M. Johnst. [syn. Lithospermum arvense L.], v-a Mes-Meg T scap; L5, Tx, Hx,
R7, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II, zao-II, sik-II, vli-I, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (auf Feldern um Podgorica).
(-) Cynoglossum columnae Ten., v-a Mes-Mac T semiros; L11, T4, H3, R7, N7; at: IV (orof. n.e.med); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 246 (Kokoti).
Cynoglossum creticum Mill., v-a Mes-Mac H scap bienn; L11, T9, H3, Rx, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: akpIV,
liv-III, gro-III, nop-III, kam-III, svp-III, pas-II, sik-II, kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 246 (circa Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka
šuma).
Cynoglossum officinale L., a Mes H semiros bienn; L8, T5, H3, R7, N8; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: nop-III, svp-II,
liv-II, sik-II, pko-II, zao-II, zao- II, kam-II, pas-I, put-I; UFO
Literature source: Echium
italicum L. [syn. E. altissimum Jacq.], v-a Mes-Meg H semiros bienn; L11, T8, H3, R3, N4; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-IV, akp-IV, pko-III, nop-III, dep-III, zap-III, pas-III, gro-II, zao-II, svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 92 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 75 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić
1994:114 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 77 (Blok V,
Duvanski kombinat, Ržanički most).
Echium vulgare L., v-a Mes-Alt H semiros bienn/H semiros; L9, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: V (euro); hab: liv-III,
kor-III, pno-III, pko-III, svp-II, vli-II, zao-II, sik-II, nop-II, akp-II, pas-II, gro-I, dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 77 (Kuće Rakića).
Heliotropium europaeum L, a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H3, R7, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: pkoV,
zap-V, dep-V, svp-IV, akp-IV, slj-IV, gro-IV, nop-IV, liv-III, pkg-II, pno-II, zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 246 (Ljesanksa nahija, Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 112 (Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 76 (Podgorica).
Heliotropium supinum L, a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L9, T12, H3, R5, N2; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab: nop-I,
zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Lithospermum
officinale L, a Mes-Mac H scap; L6, Tx, Hx, R8, N6; at: V (eurosib); hab: sik-I, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:113 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Moltkia petraea (Tratt.) Griseb., a Mes Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-sk.pind); hab: kor-II, kam-I;
UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1891a: 470 (lungo la Morača, in via per Podgoritza); Rohlena 1942: 253
(frequens); Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna).
Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., v-a Mes T semiros; L6, T5, H5, Rx, N6; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: pas-IV, zao-IV,
sik-III, kor-III, liv-II, nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 72 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 115 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 20
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78 (Kuće Rakića).
(-) Myosotis discolor Pers. [syn. M. collina Hoffm.], v-a Mes T semiros; L7, T7, H3, R3, N2; at: VI (med-
atl)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 72 (um Podgorica verbreitet).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
34
Myosotis ramosissima Roch. & Schult. [syn. M. collina auct non Hoffm.], v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L9, T8,
H2, R4, N3; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: akp-V, gro-V, kam-V, liv-V, pas-V, tra-V, kor-IV, svp-III, pot-III, zao-III,
nop-I, pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1904 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 115 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78
(Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, KBC, Tološka šuma).
Myosotis scorpioides L., a Mes H scap; L7, T6, H10, R5, N5; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: pls-III, pno-I, rij; kan;
UFO
Literature source: Neatostema
apulum (L.) I.M.Johnst. [syn. Lithospermum apulum (L.) Vahl.], v N-Mi T semiros; L8, T9, H2,
R7, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V, kam-III, liv-II, kor-II, gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:113 (Ćemovsko polje);
Hadžiablahović & Bulić 2004: 45 (Dajbabe, Dajbabska gora, Tuški put, Tološi, Dinoško polje);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 77 (Agrokombinat, Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Tološka šuma).
Onosma arenarium Waldst. & Kit., a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L7, T8, H3, R8, N0; at: V (w.alp); hab: liv-II,
akp-II, sik-II, kor-II, kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 254 (Dukla pr. Podgorica); Parolly 1995: 60 (okolina Podgorice);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 77 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe).
Onosma echioides L. [syn. O. aucherana auct., non DC. subsp. javorkae (Simkonkai.) Hay.], v-a Mes Ch
suffrut; L7, T8, H3, R8, N2; at: I (cirkadriat); hab: akp-IV, kam-III, kor-II, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (bei Podgorica) & 1931: 20 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 113 (Kuće Rakića,
Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 77 (Kuće Rakića).
(-) Onosma stellulata Waldst. &Kit., a Mes Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (dinar); UFO
Literature source: Šmarda 1968 (Titovgrad- Morača canyon).
Symphytum bulbosum Schimp., v Mes-Mac G rhiz; L4, T7, H4, R5, N3; at: V (s.e.ev); hab: pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Symphytum
tuberosum L., Mes-Mac G tub; L4, T5, H6, R7, N5; at: V (s.e.ev); hab: sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: -
BRASSICACEAE
Aethionema saxatile (L.) R.Br., v-a Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L7, T7, H2, R7, N2; at: IV (med-mont); hab: kam-V;
kor-V; pot-V; sik-III; gro-III; nop-III; svp-II; pkg-I; dep-I; zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 94 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 71 (Titograd); Bulić 1994:70
(Rakića most, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 38 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića).
Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande [syn. A. officinale Andrz. ex M. Bieb.], v-a Meg H semiros
bienn; L5, T6, H5, R7, N9; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-V; pas-V; pno-IV; dep-II; svp-II; pot-III; kam-II; pstI;
kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 22 (In Gebüschen un lichten Wäldern um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević
2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 33 (Tološi, Dajbabe).
Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik. [syn. Vesicaria utriculata (L.) Lam.], v-a Mes-Meg Ch suffrut; L11, T5,
H2, R7, N3; at: IV (n.e. med-mont); hab: kor-II; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 25 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 36 (Kuće Rakića).
Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L. [syn. A. calicynum L.], v Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T6, H3, R8, N1; at: IV (mesmont);
hab: kor-III; akp-III; pot-II; gro-I; nop-I; liv-I; svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 25 (um Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica).
Alyssum montanum L., v-a Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L9, T9, H2, R7, N1; at: V (pont-c.euro); hab: kor-III; kam-II;
nop-II; akp-I; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 36 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
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Alyssum simplex Rudolphi [syn. A. minus (L.) Rothm., A. campestre auct.], v N-Mi T scap; L11, T6, H3, R8,
N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: kam-V; kor-V; pot-V; akp-IV; gro-IV; kro-III; svp-III; pkg-II; put-II; tra-I;
zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 25 (um Podgorica nicht selten); Černjavski et al. 1949: 70 (Ribnica).
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. [syn. Stenophragma thaliana Čelak.], v Mi-Mes T semiros; L6, Tx, H4,
R5, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-III; kor-II; zao-II; nop-I; zap-I; tra-I; svp-I; pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 23 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:66 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Arabis collina Ten. [syn. A. muralis Bertol.], v-a Mi-Mes H semiros; L7, T5, H4, R8, N3; at: IV (orof med);
hab: pot-II; kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Arabis
hirsuta (L.) Scop., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros bienn; L7, T5, H4, R8, Nx; at: V (euro); hab: pot-III; sikII;
kam-II; pas-II; liv-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 19 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 35 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće
Rakića).
Arabis sagittata (Bertol.) DC., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros bienn; L7, T6, H4, R8, N3; at: V (s.e.euro); hab: sikII;
kam-I; liv-I; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Arabis
turrita L., v-a Meg H scap bienn; L6, T7, H6, R7, N3; at: V (s.eu); hab: pot-IV; sik-III; pas-III; zap-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 19 (in Gebüschen und lichten Wäldern verbreitet, um Podgorica); Stešević
2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 36 (Kuće Rakića).
Arabis verna (L.) R. Br., n-v Mi-Mes T semiros; L6, T8, H3, R3, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: pot-V; zid-I;
kam-I; akp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 21 (auf Kalkfelsen um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 70
(Titograd); Bulić 1994: 68 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 36 (Podgorica, Dajbabska gora).
Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Schreb. [syn. A. lapathifolia auct.], a Alt G rad scap; L8, T6, H5,
Rx, N9; at: IX (ADV, E); hab: zap-I; pno-I; UFI
Literature source: Barbarea
intermedia Boreau, v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T7, H7, R5, N5; at: V (w.euro); hab: pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Barbarea
vulgaris R.Br., v-a Meg H scap; L8, Tx, H7, Rx, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: pno-II; vli-II; slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 66 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 34 (Kuće Rakića).
Berteroa mutabilis (Vent.) DC., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L8, T8, H3, R4, N5; at: III (n.e.med); hab: zap-V;
svp-V; gro-V; kam-IV; liv-IV; akp-III; nop-III; dep-III; slj-II; pot-II; pst-II; pno-II; put-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 36 (Srpska).
Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch., v-a Meg-Alt T semiros; L8, T7, H4, R4, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: nop-I;
dep-I; svp-I; zap-I; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Brassica
oleracea L., v Meg H semiros; L11, T10, H2, R7, N1; at: IX (ADV, kult, E, med); hab: zap-I; svpI;
nop-I; dep-I; liv-I; zap-I; UFI
Literature source: Brassica
rapa L., v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L8, T7, H4, R4, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, E, med), ats- IX, atp- IX;
hab: zap-I; slj-I; dep-I; nop-I; tra-I
Literature source: Bunias
erucago L. [syn. Erucago campestris Desv.], n-v Mes T semiros; L8, T8, H4, R5, N3; at: III (n.med);
hab: liv-V; pas-V; tra-IV; akp-III; kam-III; kor-II; zap-II; zao-II; zao-II; pko-II; slj-I; dep-I; UNE
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
36
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 70 (Titograd); Bulić
1994: 66 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 34
(Tološi, Vlok V).
Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. [syn. C. corvini (All.) Desv.], n-a Mes-Meg T semiros; L8, T8, H3, R5,
N3; at: IX (ADV, AS);hab: tra-V; svp-V; zap-V; zao-V; gro-V; pas-V;liv-V; tra-IV; dep-IV; zar-III; nop-II;
zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (auf Feldern um Podgorica verbreitet, oft massenhaft); Stešević 2002:
20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 39 (Omerbožovići).
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., n-aut Mi-Mes H semiros bienn/T ros; L7, Tx, H5, R5, N4; at: IX
(cosm); hab: par-III; nor-II; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 70 (Ćemovsko polje, Srpska); Stešević 2002:
20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 37 (Kuće Rakića).
Capsella rubella Reut., n-a Mi T semiros; L8 T9, H2, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; tra-V; gro-V;
gaz-V; zap-V; zao-V; pas-V; kam-IV; svp-IV; pst-IV; put-III; nop-II; dep-II; pot-II; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Cardamine
glauca Spreng., a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T4, H4, R3, N2; at: IV (orof n.med); hab: pno-III; pot-II;
kor-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 79 (frequens).
Cardamine graeca L., v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L5, T4, H7, R7, N7; at: III (n.med); hab: pno-IV; nop-III; potII;
kor-II; sik-I; ulk-I; svp-I; pas-I; tra-I,UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 35 (caffe “Grand”).
Cardamine hirsuta L., n-v Mi-Mes T semiros; L7, T8, H3, R5, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; kam-V; gro-V;
tra-V; pot-V; zao-V; kam-IV; svp-IV; zap-III; dep-II; ulk-III; zid-II; pkg-I; kro-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 35 (Tološi, Omerbožovići).
Cardamine impatiens L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L5, T5, H6, R7, N8; at: V (euras); hab: pno-I; UFO
Literature source: (-)
Cardamine pratensis L. subsp. pratensis, a Mes H semiros; L5, T5, H7, Rx, Nx; at: V (euro); hab: pls-III;
pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 67 (Ćemovsko polje).
Cardamine pratensis L. subsp. matthioli (Moretti) Nyman [syn. C. mathioli Moretti), a Mes H semiros; L0,
T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VI (orof se.euro); hab: pls-III; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Cardaria
draba (L.) Desv. [syn. Lepidium draba L.], v-a Meg H scap; L8, T7, H3, R8, N4; at: IX (eurimedturan);
hab: zap-V; dep-V; nop-III; svp-III; gro-II; pas-III; liv-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 38 (Zelenika, Tološi).
Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch. [syn. C. procurens Gilib.], v-a Mi T rept; L8, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: IX
(subcosm); hab: dep-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 9 (in campo Lješkopolje prope Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 69 (Srpska).
Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl [syn. Sisymbrium sophia L.], a Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T7, H3, R6,
N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-I; put-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2006: 95 (Trg Božane Vučinić, ruderalis).
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., a-aut Mes T semiros/H semiros; L8, T8, H3, R5, N5; at: VI (n.med-atl); hab:
pkg-III; pko-III; zao-II; gro-II; slj-II; gaz-II; svp-II; nop-I; akp-I; kro-I; dep-I; tra-I; ulk-I; zid-I; gro-I; put-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 8 (in ruderatis et agris ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 69 (Ćemovsko polje,
Srpska); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., a-aut Mes H semiros; L8, T7, H4, R6, N5; at: VI (submed-subatl); hab: zapV;
gro-V; dep-IV; svp-IV; nao-IV; nop-III; pkg-II; liv-III; pas-II; slj-III; pno-II; kor-II; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 91 (Podgorica.); Bulić 1994: 69 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 38 (Zelenika, Kuće Rakića, the left riverbank of Morača).
Draba muralis L., v Mi-Mes T semiros; L6, T8, H2, R4, N2; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: pot-II; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 24 (um Podgorica.); Bulić 1994: 69 (Kuće Rakića).
Erophila spathulata A. F. Láng [syn. E. verna (L.) Chevall. subsp. spathulata (Láng) Walters, Draba verna
L. subsp. spatulata (Láng.) Rouy & Foucaud], n-v N- Mi T ros; L9, T7, H2, R4, N1; at: IX (cosm); hab:
kam-V; gro-V; akp-V; pot-V; kor-V; put-III; pkg-III; svp-III; liv-II; kro-II; tra-II; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 91 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 70 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:
69 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 20 (Gorica).
Erysimum carniolicum Dolliner [syn. E. erysmoides (L.) Fritsch. var. carniolicum (Doll.) Beck.], a-aut MesMac
H semiros bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (e.alp-ilir); hab: sik-III; kam-III; kor-II; svp-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 77 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 66 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Hesperis laciniata All. [syn. H. glutinosa Vis.], v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L5, T8, H2, R7, N1; at: IV (n.meditmont);
hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 34 (Dajbabe).
Hornungia petraea (L.) Rchb. [syn. Hutschinsia petraea R.Br.], n-v N T semiros; L9, T7, H2, R6, N2; at: III
(eurimed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; pot-V; kor-III; put-II; gro-II; liv-I; pkg-I; zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:70 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 37 (Kuće Rakića).
Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br., a Mac T semiros; L7, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: svp-III; zao-III;
liv-II; zap-II; put-I; tra-I; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:70 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Lepidium graminifolium L., v-a Mes H scap; L8, T8, H3, Rx, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: put-I; pot-I; zid-I;
UFI
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 71 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Lepidium virginicum L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T6, H4, Rx, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: nop-IV; zapIV;
svp-IV; dep-III; kro-III; pko-III; put-III; gaz-II; gro-II; kam-I; UFI
Literature source: Ivković 1981: 7 (Titograd); Hadžiablahović 2010: 38 (Tološi).
Lobularia maritima Desv., a-aut Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L8, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: zap-II; svpII;
put-II; ulk-II; pst-II; kro-II; liv-II; kam-I; nop-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Lunaria
annua L. subsp. pachyrhiza (Borbás) Hayek, v Mac-Meg H semiros; L4, T6, H6, R7, N6; at: I
(c.submed); hab: ork-III; UFO
Literature source:Matthiola
fruticulosa (L.) Maire [syn. M. tristis R.Br.], v Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L11, T10, H3, R7, N1; at: I
(apen-dinar); hab: kor-III; akp-II; kam-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 8 (in collibus apricis ad Podgorica).
Myagrum perfoliatum L., v Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R3, N3; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zao-I; zap-I; nop-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (auf einem Felde bei Doljani nächst Podgorica).
Nasturtium officinale R.Br., a Mes H scap; L7, T4, H11, R7, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: pno-II; ulk-I; svp-I;
UFO
Literature source: -
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
38
Peltaria alliacea Jacq., a Mes-Mag H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.e.euro); hab: kor-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 25 (in Gebüschen bei Podgorica).
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum, v-a Meg T scap; L11, T5, Hx, R4, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab:
zao-I; zap-I; svp-I; dep-I; liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 19 (auf Feldern bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 71 (Ćemovsko polje, Srpska).
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens [syn. R. landra Moretti ex
DC.], v Mes-Meg T semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: dep-II; svp-I; zap-I; nop-I; liv-I;
UNE
Literature source: Raphanus
sativus L., v-aut Mes-Meg T semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS)
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 92 (cultis et subspontaneus); Bulić 1994: 71 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser, a Mes-Meg H semiros; L7, T5, H10, R7, N8; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: pno-I;
zap-I,UFO
Literature source: Rorippa
× anceps (Wahlenb.) Rchb. [syn. R. amphibia x sylvestris, R. prostrata (J.P. Bergeret) Schniz &
Thell., Nasturtium anceps (Wahlnb.) Reichenb.], v Mes-Mac H semiros; L6, T7, H9, R5, N5; at: V (c.eurosubatl);
hab: pno-II; rij-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 34 (Čepurci).
Rorippa lippizensis (Wulfen) Rchb. [syn. Nasturtium lippizense DC.], a Mes H semiros; L7, T6, H7, R7, N5;
at: I (balk); hab: vli-IV; liv-III; kor-III; zao-III; pot-II; svp-II; pas-II; pno-II; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 35 (Plavi Dvor, Dajbabe).
Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser, v-aut Mes-Mac H semiros; L6, T6, H8, R8, N6; at: V (euras); hab: zap-V;
pno-V; ulk-V; zao-V; put-IV; slj-IV; vli-III; dep-III; nop-III; svp-III; tra-III; pko-III; pkg-II; pko-II; UNE
Literature source: Sinapis
alba L., v-a Mac-Meg T scap; L8, T10, H3, R7, N2; at: IX (ADV, kult, E-med); hab: zao-I; zap-I;
nop-I; pno-I; dep-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 92 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 70 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska);
Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Sinapis arvensis L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T5, Hx, R8, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-II; zap-II; nop-II; livI;
pas-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 23 (auf Feldern and Ruderalorten bei Podgorica).
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. [syn. Chamaeplium officinale Wallr.], a Mac-Meg T semiros; L8, T6, H4,
Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V; gro-V; pas-V; svp-V; liv-IV; dep-IV; zao-III; pot-III; tra-III. Ulk-III; sikII;
kam-II; pst-II; sid-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 23 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 65 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 33 (Tološi,
Kuće Rakića).
Thlaspi arvense L., v-a Mes T scap; L6, T5, H5, R7, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam: I
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 25 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 70 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Thlaspi perfoliatum L., v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L8, T6, H4, R8, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam-III; kor-III;
pot-II; liv-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 37 (Kuće Rakića).
Turritis glabra L. [syn. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.], a Mes-Mac H semiros bienn; at: VIII (cirkpol); hab: sikI;
pas-I; UFO
Literature source: -
CACTACEAE
Opuntia vulgaris Mill. [syn. O. humifusa Raf.], a Mac-Meg Ch herb succ; L9, T8, H3, R3, N2; at: IX (ADV,
kult, AMN); hab: kam-II, kor-I, dep-I, kro-I, zid-I; UNE
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 39
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 69 (Podgorica).
CALLITRICHACEAE
Calitriche palustris L. [syn. C. verna L.], rad nat HydG; L7, Tx, H12, R2, N1; at: VIII (cirkpol; hab: kan;
UFO
Literature source: Calitriche
stagnalis Scop., rad nat HydG; L9, T8, H12, R5, N1; at: V (euras); hab: kan; UFO
Literature source: -
CAMPANULACEAE
Asyneuma limonifolium (L.) Janch. [syn. Phyteuma tenuifolium A. DC.], a Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T9, H3, R7,
N2; at: III (n.e.med); hab: kam-II; sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 4 (ad Kakaricka gora prope Podgorica c. 100m).
Campanula erinus L., v Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-III; pot-II; put-II;
zid-I; akp-I; kro-I; gro-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 69 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 137 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 96 (Kuće Rakića).
Campanula lingulata Waldst. & Kit., v-a Mes H scap bienn; L7, T7, H4, R8, N3; at: I (apen-balk); hab: kamV;
akp-IV; liv-III; kor-III; pot-II; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Šmarda 1968: 24 (Titovgrad- Morača canyon); Bulić 1991: 137 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska);
Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 96 (Dajbabska gora).
Campanula austroadriatica D. Lakušić & Kovačić, a-aut Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L11, T8, H2, R7, N1; at: I
(amfiadriat); hab: pot-IV; kor-III; zid-II; put-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 79 (Podgorica, as C. pyramidalis L.); Bulić 1991: 137 (Kuće Rakića, as C.
pyramidalis); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica, as C. pyramidalis); Hadžiablahović 2010: 97 (Kuće Rakića, as C.
pyramidalis).
Campanula ramosissima Sibth. & Sm., a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T6, H4, R5, N4; at: I (ilir); hab: sik-I; liv-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 69 (bei Podgorica).
Campanula rapunculus L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap bienn; L7, T7, H4, R6, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-V;
sik-IV; kam-III; pot-II; zao-II; akp-II; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 97 (Dajbabska gora, Podgorica).
Campanula trachelium L., a Mes-Meg H semiros; L4, T5, H5, R8, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: sik-II; liv-I;
UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Edraianthus tenuifolius (Waldst. &. Kit) A. DC., v-a Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (iliradriat);
hab: akp-V; kor-V; kam-V; liv-II; gro-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 83 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 138 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 97 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića).
Legousia falcata (Ten.) Fritsch., a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T8, H4, R5, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: gro-I; sik-I;
UFO
Literature source: Legousia
hybrida (L.) Delarbre [syn. Specularia hybrida DC.], a Mi-Mes T scap; at: VI (med-atl); hab: potII;
sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 69 (bei Podgorica selten); Hadžiablahović 2010: 97 (Kuće Rakića).
Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix [syn. Specularia speculum DC.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, H4, Rx,
N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: pot-II; sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 69 (um Podgorica) & 1942: 351 (im campo ad Podgorica).
CANNABACEAE
Cannabis sativa L., a Mes T scap; L8, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: svp-I; zar-I; UFI
Literature source: -
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
40
Humulus lupulus L., a SH herb; L7, T6, H8, R6, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: ork-III; ziv-II; pot-I; sir-I; UFO
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 60 (circa Podgoriza); Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in fruticetis ad Podgorica);
Bulić 1991: 133 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera caprifolium L., a S lig; L6, T5, H6, Rx, N5; at: V (se.euro-pont); hab: sik-I; ziv-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 55 (Im Gebüsche um Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Lonicera etrusca Santi, semp S lig; L7, T8, H3, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-II; kor-II; kam-I; ziv-II;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 55 (bei Farmaki nächst Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 94 (Dajbabska
gora, Kuće Rakića).
Lonicera japonica Thunb., fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS);hab: pot-I; svp-I
Literature source: Lonicera
xylosteum L., fo dec NP caesp; L5, T5, H5, R7, Nx; at: V (euro-w.as); hab: pot-I; sik-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Sambucus
ebulus L., a Alt G rad scap; L8, T6, H5, R8, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: pot-II; svp-II; ziv-II, liv-I,
ork-I; pls-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 55 (bei Podgorica gemein); Hadžiablahović 2010: 94 (Ržanički most).
Sambucus nigra L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L7, T5, H5, Rx, N9; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: ork-III; pot-II; UFO
Literature source: Viburnum
tinus L., fo semp NP caesp; L5, T9, H4, R5, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, med- EASAF); hab: pot-II
Literature source: -
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Agrostemma githago L. [syn. Lychnis githago Scop., Githago segetum Desf.], v-a Mes-Meg T scap; L7, Tx,
Hx, R4, N3; at: IX (ADV, EAS)
Literature source: Bulić 2008: 105 (Duklja).
Arenaria serpyllifolia L., v-a Mi T scap; L9, T5, H4, Rx, Nx; at: IX (cosm)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 32 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 23 (Tološi, Kruševac,
Agrokombinat, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Dajbabe).
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. subsp. leptoclados (Rchb.) Nyman [syn. A. leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss.], v-a Mi-Mes
T scap; L9, T9, H2, R3, N1; at: V (paleotemp); hab: akp-V; kro-V; put-V; pkg-V; gro-V; svp-V; gaz-IV;
nop-IV; pas-IV; tra-IV; kam-IV; zap-IV; zao-IV; liv-III; pst-III; zid-III; ulk-III; pot-III; pko-II; pno-II; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 68 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 56 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević
2002: 21 (Gorica).
Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. s.l. [incl. Cerastium brachypetalum Pers. subsp. tenoreanum (Ser.) Soó (syn.
C. brachypetalum Pers. var. eglandulosum Fzl.), C. brachypetalum subsp. tauricum (Sprengel) Murb. (syn.
C. brachypetalum Pers. var. glandulosum Koch.)], v N-Mi T semiros; L11, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed);
hab: kam-V; liv-V; akp-V; gro-V; put-IV; zao-III; svp-III; kor-III; pas-III; kro-III; tra-III; nop-III; zap-II;
dep-II; pst-II; zid-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 32 (C. brachypetalum var. eglandulosum Fzl., um Podgorica nicht selten);
Černjavski et al. 1949: 68 (C. brachypetalum Pers. var. glandulosum, Titograd); Bulić 1994: 55 (C.
brachypetalum Pers. var. glandulosum, Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 25 (C.
brachypetalum Pers. subsp. tenoreanum, Duvanski kombinat, C. brachypetalum Pers. var. glandulosum,
Dajbabska gora).
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill. [syn. C. viscosum auct. mult], v-a N-Mi T semiros; L7, Tx, H5, R5, N5; at: IX
(subcosm); hab: zao-V; liv-V; tra-V; pas-V; gro-V; svp-V; put-IV; akp-III; zap-III; gaz-III; pkg-III; pst-III;
kor-II; nop-II; zar-II; kro-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 11 (cum prioribus ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 56 (Kuće Rakića,
Momišićko polje); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 41
Cerastium ligusticum Viv. subsp. trichogynum (Möschl) P.D. Sell & Whitehead [syn. C. trichogynum
Möschl], v-a Mi T semiros; L11, T9, H2, R3, N1; at: III (c.med-c.submed); hab: akp-IV; kor-III; liv-II; svpII;
kor-II; nop-I; put-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Cerastium
pumillum Curtis subsp. glutinosum (Fr.) Jalas [syn. C. glutinosum Fr.], v Mi T semiros; L8, T7,
H2, R8, N1; at: V (med-submed-pont); hab: svp-III; liv-III; pas-II; sik-II; tra-II; gaz-II; gro-II; akp-II; kro-II;
put-II; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 25 (Omerbožovići).
Cerastium semidecandrum L., v-a N-Mes T semiros; L8, T7, H4, Rx, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: akp-IV; korIII;
liv-III; svp-III; pot-III; gaz-II; kam-II; put-II; tra-II; gro-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 55 (Ćemovsko polje).
Dianthus armeria L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap/H scap bienn; L8, T6, H3, R3, N2; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: liv-III;
gro-II; svp-I; sik-I; kor-I; slj-I; zao-I; vli-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Dianthus ciliatus Guss. subsp. dalmaticus (Čelak.) Hayek [syn. D. dalmaticus Čelak, D. ciliatus Guss. subsp.
dalmaticus (Čelak.) Hayek var. medunensis (Beck & Sz.) Hayek], a-aut Mes-Mac H caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: I (adriat); hab: kam-II; sik-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 8 (Podgorica); Janchen 1919: 87 (Mauern der Ruinen von Duklja).
Dianthus monspessulanus L., a-aut Mes-Mac H caesp; L6, T7, H4, R2, N5; at: VII (orof. SE); hab: kam-II;
sik-II; kor-II; pot-II; liv-II; sik-II; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 28 (Ržanički most, Dajbabska gora, Ruće Rakića, Omerbožovići).
Dianthus sylvestris Wulfen, v-a Mes H scap; L8, T7, H3, R7, N4; at: IV (med-mont, ilir-apen); hab: kor-IV;
kam-III; sik-II; akp-II; liv-II; pas-I; svp-I; zaop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 10 (in collibus graminosis ad Podgorica) & 1933: 5 (circa Podgorica);
Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 28 (Ržanički most, Ruće Rakića, the left river bank of
Morača).
Herniaria glabra L., v-a N-Mi T rept; L9, T5, H4, R2, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: akp-V; gaz-III; pko-II;
pno-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 20 (in campo prope Podgorica c.30m) & 1942: 36 (Kokoti, Podgorica);
Černjavski et al. 1949: 68 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 57 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 26 (Blok V, Plavi Dvor, Tološka šuma, Dajbabska gora, Agrokombinat, Kuće Rakića).
Minuartia mediterranea (Ledeb.) K. Maly; v Mi T scap; L11, T9, H2, R3, N2; at: III (n.w.med); hab: akp-II;
pko-II; svp-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 23 (Tuški put).
Minuartia viscosa (Schreb.) Schinz & Thell. [syn. Alsine viscosa Schreb., A. tenuifolia (L.) Crantz. var.
viscosa (Schreber) M. et K.], v-a Mi T scap; L7, T7, H3, R3, N2; at: V (j.i. ev); hab: akp-II; kro-II; liv-I; svpI;
pkg-I; put-I; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 11 (in aridis regionis inferioris frequens, ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994:55
(Kuće Rakića).
Moenchia mantica (L.) Bartl., v Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R2, N1; at: III (sj. med); hab: liv-V; vli-V;
svp-IV; akp-IV; gro-III; zao-III; kam-III; pas-III; tra-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 32 (auf trockenen Grasplätzen verbreitet, um Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 56
(Srpska); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 25 (Dajbabe, Aluminijumski kombinat, Blok V,
Kruševac).
Paronychia kapela (Hacq.) A. Kern., v-a N-Mi Ch herb caesp-rept; L11, T4, K5, R7, N3; at: IV (med-mont);
hab: kor-IV; akp-III; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 20 (in pascuis siccis et lapidosis ad ripas fluvii Morača er rivi Ribnica in
campo Podgorica) & 1905: 50 (bei Farmaki nächst Podgorica); Bulić 1994:57 (Ćemovsko polje, Rakića
most, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 25 (Ržanički most).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
42
Petrorhagia obcordata (Margot & Reut.) Greuter & Burdet [syn. Dianthus glumaceus B.Ch, Kohlrauschia
glumacea (Chaub. & Bory) Hayek var. obcordata (Margot & Reut.) Hayek], v-a Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: I (ilir-balk); hab: liv-IV; pas-IV; kam-IV; kor-IV; akp-IV; tra-III; zap-III; svp-III; gro-III; nopIII;
pkg-II; zao-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 11 (in campo ad Podgorica, Lješkopolje c. 20m, et collis Gorica c.100m);
Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 27 (Ržanički most, Blok V, Tološi, Agrokombinat).
Petrorhagia prolifera (L.) P.W. Ball & Heywood, v-aut Mes T scap; L8, T5, H2, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed);
hab: liv-V; gro-V; akp-V; svp-V; pas-V; kam-IV; nop-IV; zao-IV; pkg-IV; tra-IV; dep-III; put-III; zar-III;
kro-II; pst-II; pko-II; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Titograd, Vranići); Bulić 1994:59 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Link [syn. Tunica saxifraga L., Gypsophila saxifraga L.], v-a Mes Ch herb caesp;
L9, T8, H2, R8, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; akp-V; kam-V; kro-V; kor-V; pot-V; gro-IV; svp-IV; pkgIII;
pko-III; pst-II; nop-III; dep-II; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 10 (Podgorica) & 1942: 46 (in rupibus calcareis ubique frequens,
Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 59 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002:
21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 28 (Ržanički most, Blok V, Dajbabe, Tuški put).
Petrorhagia velutina (Guss.) P.W. Ball & Heywood [syn. Kohlrauschia velutina (Guss.) Rchb.], v-a Mes T
scap; L11, T8, H2, R8, N2; at: III (j.med); hab: liv-IV; akp-IV;tra-III; svp-II; kor-IV; pot-III; kam-II; pno-II;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 29 (auf dürren Grasplätzen bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69
(Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 59 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 28
(Ržanički most, Kruševac, Tološi, Agrokombinat).
Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L., v-a Mi T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: ulk-III; put-III;
gaz-II; svp-II; zar-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 26 (City centre, Blok V).
Sagina apetala Ard., v Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T7, H6, R4, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: kro-V; put-III; akp-II;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 32 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 26 (Plavi Dvor, Agrokombinat).
Saponaria officinalis L., a-aut Meg H scap; L7, T6, H5, R7, N5; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: pno-IV; svp-II; zapII;
vli-II; ulk-I; dep-I; gro-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 29 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Titograd); Stešević 2002: 21
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 27 (Kuće Rakića, the left river bank of Morača).
Scleranthus annuus L., a-aut Mi T scap; L6, T5, Hx, R2, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: akp-I; gaz-I; pko-I;
kam-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 49 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 68 (Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1994: 56 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Silene conica L., v Mi-Mes T scap; L9, T7, H2, R5, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-IV; akp-III; kam-III; potIII;
kor-III; nop-II; svp-II; pas-II; pno-I; put-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 28 (auf dürren steinigen Stellen bei Podgorica); Parolly 1995: 62 (Ržanički
most); Bulić 1994: 58 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 26 (Kuće Rakića).
Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv. [syn. Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr.], v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L5, T7, H4, R2,
N4; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 57 (Podgorica, Kokoti).
Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet [syn. Lychnis flos-cuculi L.], v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T5, H6, Rx,
N6; at: VIII (eurosib) hab: vli; pls; UFO
Literature source: Silene
gallica L., v-a Mes T scap; L8, T9, H3, R2, N1; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-IV; akp-III; vli-II; zao-II;
UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 26 (Dom Vojske).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 43
Silene gallinyi Rchb. [syn. S. trinervia Sebast. & Mauri], a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H3, R5, N4; at: III (e.med);
hab: liv-II; svp-I; pot-I; gro-I; vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 10 (in pratis siccis in planitie prope Podgorica, Lješkopolje, Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1994: 58 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Silene italica (L.) Pers., a Mes-Mac H semiros; L5, T7, H4, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-II; kam-I; livI;
kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Silene
latifolia Poir. subsp. latifolia, [syn. Melandrium latifolium (Poir.) Maire], v-aut Meg H scap bienn/H
scap; L6, T9, H3, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: zap-IV; ork-IV; gro-III; ziv-III; svp-II; sik-II; liv-II; vli-I;
pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 27 (Dahna, Kruševac).
Silene latifolia Poir. subsp alba (Mill.) Greuter & Burdet [syn. S. alba (Mill.) E.H.L.Krause, Melandrium
pratense Roehling, M. album (Mill.) Garcke], a-aut Meg H scap bienn/H scap; L8, Tx, H4, Rx, N7; at: V
(paleotemp); hab: ork-II; sik-II; ziv-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 28 (um Podgorica verbreitet).
Silene otites (L.) Wibel, a Mes-Mac H semiros; L8, T7, H2, R8, N0; at: V (euras); hab: kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 10 (in saxis calcareis prope Podgorica (Malo brdo, Duklja, Gorica);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 27 (Ržanički most).
Silene paradoxa L. a Mes-Mac H semiros; L5, T7, H4, R6, N5; at: IV (sj. med-mont); hab: sik- II; kam- I;
liv- I; kor- I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 27 (Kuće Rakića, Ržaniči most).
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, v-a Mac-Meg H scap; L8, Tx, H4, R7, N2; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-V;
gro-V; kam-V; svp-IV; akp-IV; kor-IV; nop-IV; pko-IV; pno-IV; pas-IV; slj-III; zao-IV; pkg-II; tra-II; kro-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 52 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 58
(Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 27 (Kuće Rakića, Dajbabe, Plavi Dvor,
Sastavci).
Stellaria media L., n-aut Mi T rept; L6, Tx, H4, R7, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: gaz-V; tra-V; gro-V; pas-V; svpV;
zao-V; liv-V; pst-IV; ulk-IV; dep-IV; put-II; zar-II; zid-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 31 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 55 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 29 (Tološi, Sastavci, Dahna, Ruće Rakića).
Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert [syn. V. pyramidata Medik.], v Mes T scap; L7, T6, H2, R9, N0; at: IX
(ADV, AS); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 29 (trockene Grasplätze bei den Ruinen von Duklja nächst Podgorica
häufig).
CELASTERACEAE
Evonymus europaeus L. [syn. E. vulgaris Mill.], fo dec NP caesp; L6, T5, H5, R8, N5; at: V (euras); hab:
sik-II, ziv-I, ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 35 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Hadžiablahović 2010: 63 (Kuće Rakića).
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
Ceratophyllum demersum L., sbm HydG; L6, T7, H12, R8, N8; at: IX (subcosm); hab: kan; UFO
Literature source: -
CHENOPODIACEAE
Atriplex patula L., aut Meg-Alt T scap; L6, T5, H5, R7, Nx; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: zap-II; zao-I; svp-I;
dep-I; pas-I; tra-I; slj-I; UFI
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 53 (Kuće Rakića).
Beta vulgaris L., v Meg-Alt T scap; L11 T7, H6, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: svp-I
Literature source: -
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
44
Chenopodium album L., a-aut Meg-Alt T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N7; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zao-V; zap-V;
dep-V; svp-V; pko-V; liv-III; nop-III; put-III; ulk-III; kro-II; pno-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in ruderatis et opidis in Podgorica, c. 30m); Bulić 1994: 53
(Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 22 (Agrokombinat, Kuće
Rakića).
Chenopodium ambrosioides L., a-aut Meg-Alt T scap; L8, T7, H2, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AMC-AMS) hab:
zap-II; put-I; slj-I; UFI
Literature source: Chenopodium
botrys L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T9, H3, Rx, N6; at: IX (subcosm); hab: pko-III; slj-III;
dep-II; zap-II; akp-I; put-I; svp-I; kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 34 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 53 (Srpska).
Chenopodium glaucum L., a-aut Meg-Alt T scap; L8, T6, H6, Rx, N9; at: IX (subcosm); hab: svp-I
Literature source: Chenopodium
hybridum L., a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L7, T5, H5, R8, N8; at: V (euras); hab: zao-I; ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: Chenopodium
multifidum L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap rept; L8, T7, H2, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AMS) hab:
zap-I; nop-I; put-I; slj-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Chenopodium
murale L., a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L8, T7, H4, Rx, N9; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-V; svp-IV;
ulk-IV; dep-IV; pko-III; pas-III; zao-III; pst-III; pno-III; slj-II; nop-II; zar-II; put-I; kro-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in sepibus et muri opidi ad Podgorica).
Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz., a-aut Mes T scap; L8, T7, H3, Rx, N6; at: V
(paleotemp); hab: zap-III; svp-II; nop-II; zar-II; pas-I; pst-I; dep-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in ruderatis et opidis in Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 53 (Kuće Rakića).
Chenopodium polyspermum L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L6, T5, H6, R4, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: zap-I;
UNE
Literature source: Chenopodium
strictum Roth [syn. C. album L. subsp. striatum (Kras) Mur, C. striatum], a-aut Mes-Meg T
scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: zap-III; svp-II; slj-II; dep-II; kor-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević et al. 2008 (Podgorica).
Chenopodium vulvaria L., v-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N9; at: III (eurimed); hab: zao-II; svp-I;
zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 34 (Lješko polje prope Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 53 (Srpska).
Polycnemum arvense L., a MesT caesp; L8, T7, H3, R2, N1; at: V (euras); hab: zao-II; gaz-II; pko-I; nop-I;
put-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in arenosis planitiei Podgoricensis) Bulić 1994: 52 (Srpska).
Polycnemum majus A.Braun, a Mes T caesp; L8, T7, H3, R2, N1; at: V (euras); hab: zap-I; gaz-I; akp-I; svpI;
pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in campo Lješkopolje prope Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 52 (Ćemovsko
polje).
CISTACEAE
Cistus incanus L., [syn. C. villosus auct.], fo semp NP caesp; L11, T9, H2, R3, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab:
kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević & Lakušić 1983: 21 (Cijevna near Titograd).
Fumana ericoides (Cav.) Gand., v Mes Ch suffr caesp rept; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: korII,
pot-I, akp-I, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Fumana
procumbens (Dunal) Gren. & Gordon [syn. F. nudiflora Janch., F. vulgaris Spach.], v-a Mi-Mes Ch
suffr rept; L9, T6, H3, R7, N1; at: V (eurimed-pont); hab: akp-V, kor-V, kam-V, pot-III, pko-II, nop-II, svpI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 9 (in campo Lješkopolje prope Podgorica c. 20m) & 1905: 26 (an Ufern
der Morača und Cijevna bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 99 (Rakića most, Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića);
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 45
Černjavski et al. 1949: 71 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 66 (Kuće
Rakića).
Fumana thymifolia (L.) Spach ex Webb., v-a Mes Ch suffrut; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab:
kam-I, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Helianthemum
nummularium (L.) Mill. subsp. obscurum (Čelak.) J. Holub. [syn. H. nummularium subsp.
ovatum (Viv.) Schniz & Thell.], a Mes Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (ev-kakv); hab: akp-V, kor-V,
kam-V, nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 66 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill., v Mi-Mes Ch suffrut; L11, T9, H2, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akpV,
kor-V, liv-II, kam-II, nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 14 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 66
(Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tuški put).
Tuberaria guttata (L.) Fourr., v Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R1, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V, kor-III,
liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 9 (in lapidosis, arenosis et collibus apricis Lješkopolje, Ćemovsko polje et
ad Podgorica) & 1905: 26 (Duklja) & 1912: 14 (Podgorica und Farmaki); Bulić 1994:98 (Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 66 (Agrokombinat, Blok V, Dajbabska gora, Studentski dom, Tološka šuma).
CONVOLVULACEAE
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br., a-aut SH herb; L8, T6, H6, R7, N9; at: V (paleotemp); hab: vli-II, sik-I, pot-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 244 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 112 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002
(Gorica).
Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb., a-aut SH herb; L7, T8, H7, R5, N7; at: V (s.e.euro); hab: ork-III, ziv-II,
sik-II, liv-I, zao-I; UFO
Literature source: Convolvulus
althaeoides L. subsp. tenuissimus (Sibth. & Sm.) Stace [syn. C. elegantissimus Mill., C.
tenuissimus Sibth. & Sm.], v-a SH herb; L8, T10, H3, R5, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-I, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002:22 (Gorica).
Convolvulus arvensis L., v-aut rhiz SG herb; L7, T7, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-V, liv-V, zap-V,
pno-V, pko-V, dep-V, svp-V, gro-IV, akp-III, nop-III, ulk-III, ziv-III, gaz-II, pas-II, kro-I, zid-I, vli-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 244 (frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949: 75 (Vranići); Bulić 1994: 112
(Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 75 (Tološka šuma).
Convolvulus cantabrica L., v-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L11, T8, H3, R6, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V, kamV,
liv-V, kor-IV, sik-III, pot-III, svp-III, dep-II; gro-II; zao-II; nop-II; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 244 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 112 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 22
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 75 (Agrokombinat, Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, scand Par; L8, T7, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pko-III, zap-III,
nop-II, svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 75 (Duvanski kombinat, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. [syn. Cuscuta alba Pr.], scand Par; L8, Tx, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: V (euras); hab: akp-I,
liv-I, kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 76 (Ržanički most).
Cuscuta planiflora Ten., scand Par; L8, T7, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-III, akp-II, liv-I, kor-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 245 (Podgorica).
Cuscuta scandens Brot. [syn. C. australis R. Br. subsp. cesattiana (Bertol.) Feinbrun, C. cesattiana Bertol.],
scand Par; L8, T7, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: akp-IV, dep-IV, nop-III, zap-III, kor-III, pko-III,
svp-III, pot-I; UNE
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
46
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 112 (Srpska, Ćemovsko polje).
Ipomoea purpurea Roth., a-aut rhiz SG herb; L7, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: zap-II; svpII;
dep-I; nop-I; ziv-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 69 (Podgorica).
CORNACEAE
Cornus mas L., fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L6, T7, H5, R8, N4; at: V (s.e.europ-kavk); hab: sik-III, ziv-III, kor-II,
pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 100 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68
(Dajbabska gora).
Cornus sanguinea L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L7, T5, H7, R8, Nx; at: V (euras); hab: ork-III, ziv-II, pst-II, sik-II,
pot-II, ork-II, vli-I, zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Beck & Szyszylowicz 1888: 83 (in dumetis circa Podgoriza); Rohlena 1942: 208
(Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 68 (Dajbabska gora).
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum acre L., a Mi Ch herb succ; L8, T5, H1, Rx, N1; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: kam-V; kro-V; pot-IV; pkoV;
kor-IV; akp-IV; sik-III; gro-III; zid-III; liv-II; svp-II; nop-II; put-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 39 (Stara Varoš, Dajbabska gora).
Sedum anopetalum DC. [syn. S. ochroleucum Chaix], a Mes Ch herb succ; L11, T7, H2, R3, N1; at: IV
(n.med mont); hab: kam-III; kor-II; zid-I; sik-I, UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 21 (in rupestribus ad ripas fluvii Morača prope Podgorica c.20m) & 1942:
130 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 40 (Kuće Rakića).
Sedum caespitosum (Cav.) DC. [syn. S. rubrum (L.) Thell.], v-a Mi T succ; L11, T9, H2, R7, N1; at: II
(stenomed); hab: akp-II; pko-I; slj-I; gaz-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 131 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 72 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Sedum dasyphyllum L., a Mi Ch herb succ; L7, Tx, H3, Rx, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: zid-III; kro-II; pot-II;
kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 128 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 40
(Stara Varoš).
Sedum hispanicum L. [syn. S. glaucum Waldst. & Kit.], v-a Mi T succ; L9, T6, H1, R7, N1; at: V (s.e.euro);
hab: kam-V; kro-V; pot-V; zid-IV; sik-III; svp-III; gro-III; pko-II; put-II; akp-II; liv-I; pst-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 51 (um Podgorica, Kokoti (Lješanska nahija verbreitet) & 1933: 14 (in
lapidosis ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 72 (Ćemovsko polje);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 40 (Stara Varoš, Dajbabska gora, Sastavci).
Sedum maximum (L.) Suter, Mes H succ; L7, T6, H4, R7, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, E) hab: kro-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Sedum
sarmentosum Bunge, a Mes Ch herb succ rept; L0,T0,K0,H0,R0,N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: kro-I;
put-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 69 (Podgorica).
Sedum sexangulare L. a Mi Ch herb succ; L7, T5, H7, R8, N1; at: V (c.euro); hab: kam-V; kro-V; pot-IV;
pko-V; kor-IV; akp-IV; sik-III; gro-III; zid-III; liv-II; svp-II; nop-II; put-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 39 (Kuće Rakića).
Sempervivum tectorum L., a Mi-Mes Ch succ ross; L8, T5, H2, R4, Nx; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: kro-II;
zid-I; dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica).
Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC. [syn. Cotyledon horizontalis Guss.], v-a Mi-Mes G bulb; L5, T8, H3, Rx,
N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: pot-II; kor-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Titigrad); Bulić 1994: 73 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević
2002: 22 (Gorica).
Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy [syn. U. pendulinus DC., Cotyledon pendulinus DC.], v-a Mi-Mes G
bulb; L5, T8, H3, Rx, N3; at: VI (med-atl); hab: pot-III; zid-II; kor- I; kam-I; UNE
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 47
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 50 (bei Podgorica nicht selten); Hadžiablahović 2010: 39 (Stara Varoš).
CUCURBITACEAE
Bryonia alba L., a tub Alt SG herb; L8, T7, H5, R8, N4; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: ziv-I, sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Bryonia
cretica L. subsp. dioica (Jacq.) Tutin [syn. B. dioica Jacq.], a tub SG herb; L8, T7, H5, R8, N6; at:
III (eurimed); hab: ziv-II, kor-II, pot-II, sik-II; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 99 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002:22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
66 (Blok V).
Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. [syn. C. vulgaris Schrad.], a Alt T rept; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV,
kult, AFR); hab: slj-II, pno-I, nop-I, put-I, dep-I, zap-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 69 (Podgorica).
Cucumis melo L., a Alt T rept; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AFR); hab: slj-II; UFI
Literature source: Cucumis
sativus L, a Alt T rept; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: svp-I, slj-I, dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Cucurbita
maxima Duchesne, a Alt T rept; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS-AMC); hab: zap-II,
tra-I, dep-I, UFI
Literature source: Lagenaria
vulgaris Ser., a Alt T rept; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zap-I; UFI
Literature source: -
DIPSACACEAE
Cephalaria leucantha (L.) Roem. & Schult., a-aut Mes-Meg Ch suffrut; L7, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: V (s.eu);
hab: kam-V; pot-V; kor-IV; nop-III; svp-II; slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 338 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 95
(Kuće Rakića, Ljubović).
Dipsacus fullonum L. [syn. D. sylvestris Huds.], a Meg-Alt H bienn; L6, T8, H7, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed);
hab: svp-II; liv-I; vli-I; dep-I; pas-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Knautia integrifolia (L.) Bertol. [syn. K. hybrida (All.) Coult.], a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, H3, R3, N2; at: III
(eurimed);hab: liv-V; kor-III; sik-II; svp-II; gro-II; pas-II; akp-II; nop-I; pko-I; pot-I; UFO. Literature source:
Rohlena 1905: 58 (um Podgorica verbreitet) & 1923: 11 (Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 135 (Kuće Rakića);
Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 96 (Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Knautia purpurea (Vill.) Borbás, a Mes-Mac H semiros; L7, T4, H4, Rx, N2; at: IV (w.med-mont); hab: livIV;
pas-IV; pot-II; gro-II; zao-II; akp-I; svp-II; UFO
Literature source: Scabiosa
crenata Cyr., a Mi-Mes Ch suffrut caesp; L12, T5, H2, R7, N2; at: IV (sic-apen-illir-balk); hab:
kor-III; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević & Lakušić 1983: 23 (Cijevna downstream), Bulić 1991: 136 (Rakića most, Kuće
Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 96 (Kuće Rakića, Ljubović, Ržanički most).
Scabiosa ochroleuca L., a-aut Mac-Meg H semiros; L8, T7, H3, R8, N3; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: kam-II;
sik-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Succisella
petteri (Jos. Kern. & Murb.) G. Beck., a-aut Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (e.adriat); hab:
vli-II; UFO
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
48
Literature source: Blečić & Pulevic 1979: 191 (Mareza).
ERICACEAE
Arbutus unedo L., fo semp NP caesp; L11, T9, H3, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: kor-I, zap-I
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica)
EUPHORBIACEAE
Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss., a-aut Mes T scap; L8, T12, H2, R7, N7; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab:
pko-V, dep-V, nop-III, svp-III, gaz-II, gro-II, zap-II, slj- II, liv-I, tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Baldacci 1892: 84 (a Kokoti nella Lješanska nahija).
Euphorbia amygdaloides L., v-a Mac H scap; L4, T5, H5, R7, N6; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pno-III; pas-I;
pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Euphorbia
chamaesyce L., a-aut Mi T rept; L7, T8, H2, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed)
Literature source: Bulić 1994:92 (Ćemovsko polje).
Euphorbia characias L. subsp. wulfenii (Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch) Radcl.-Sm. [syn. Euphorbia wulfenii
Hoppe ex W.D.J. Koch, E. veneta sensu Hayek], v Meg-Alt Ch suffrut; L11, T7, H2, R7, N1; at: IV (ne.medmont),
hab: pot-IV; kor-III; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 19 (circa Podgorica); Bulić 1994:93 (Kuće Rakića).
Euphorbia cyparissias L., v Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N5; at: V (e.eu); hab: liv-III; zao-II; nop-I;
UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:93 (Kuće Rakića).
Euphorbia exigua L., v-a Mi T scap; L11, T9, H2, R6, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-II, kam-II, liv-I, svp-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 82 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 93 (Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Euphorbia falcata L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L9, T7, H4, R7, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-II, kam-II,
nop-I, pko-I, svp-I, akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 82 (um Podgorica und Kokoti).
Euphorbia graeca Boiss. et Spruner, v-a Mes T scap; L7, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: III (n.med); hab: akp-V, kamV,
kor-V, pot-IV, liv-III, pko-III, gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Euphorbia
helioscopia L., n (III)-a-aut Mes T scap; L9, T7, H3, R5, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: dep-V, gro-V,
kam-V, liv-V, zao-V, pas-V, pot-V, tra-V, gaz-IV, pkg-II, pno-II, pst-II, zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Euphorbia humifusa Willd., a-aut Mi T rept; L7, T8, H2, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: gaz-I
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 70 (Podgorica).
Euphorbia maculata L., a-aut Mi-Mes T rept; L7, T8, H2, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: gaz-V, gro-V,
pkg-V, kro-IV, nop-IV, put-IV, dep-III, zap-III, ulk-II, pot-II, zar-II, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Euphorbia
marginata Pursh, a-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zao-I,
svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 70 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2006: 96 (Podgorica).
Euphorbia myrsinites L., v-a Mes Ch succ rept; L9, T6, H2, R7, N2; at: V (s.euro-pont); hab: kor-II, akp-I,
dep-I, pko-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:93 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Euphorbia nutans Lag., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T7, H3, R6, N2; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: nop-I, svp-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 70 (Podgorica).
Euphorbia peplus L., n-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L6, T7, H4, R5, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: gro-V, pas-V, tra-V,
svp-V, zap-IV, pst-III, sik-II, pot-II, put-II, zar-II, nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 84 (um Podgorica nicht selten); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Euphorbia platyphyllos L., a Mes-Meg T scap; L6, T7, H5, R5, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-II, pno-I, UFO.
Literature source: -
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, a-aut Mi-Mes T rept; L7, T8, H2, R5,N4; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: put-II, pkgI,
svp-I, gro-I; UFI
Literature source: Euphorbia
spinosa L., v Mes Ch suffrut; L11, T6, H2, R7, N2; at: III (n.med); hab: pot-III, kor-III, akp-I,
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 83 (bei Podgorica); Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna); Bulić 1994:92
(Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 61 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Mercurialis annua L., n-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H4, R7, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam-V, pot-V,
zap-V, pas-V, sik-V, gro-V, dep-IV, svp-IV, zid-IV, nop-III, pko-III, pno-III, akp-II, pst-II, liv-II, kro-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 83 (auf Feldern und Ruderalorten bei Podgorica) & 1942: 29 (Podgorica);
Bulić 1994:94 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 59 (Podgorica).
FABACEAE
Amorpha fruticosa L., N-Mi P caesp; L7, T8, H6, R5, N6; at: IX (ADV, AMN)
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 47 (Čepurci).
Anthyllis vulneraria L. subsp. pulchella (Vis.) Bornm., a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed);
hab: akp-III, kam-III, liv-II, pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Anthyllis
vulneraria L. subsp. rubriflora (DC.) Arcang. [syn. A. vulneraria L. subsp. praepopera (A. Kern.)
Bornm., A. vulneraria subsp. spruneri (Boiss.) Bronm.], a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (eurimed);
hab:kor-III, kam-II, akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 55 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića).
Astragalus monspessulanus L. subsp. illyricus (Bernh.) Chater [syn. A. illyricus Bernh.], v Mi-Mes H
semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (submed-ilir); hab: akp-IV; kor-III; kam-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 18 (in locis apricis ad Podgorica) & 1905: 41 (auf dürren Wiesen unter der
Kakaricka gora nächst Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 81 (Kakaricka
gora, Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2009: 47 (Ržanički most).
Astragalus glyciphyllos L., a Mes-Meg H rept; L7, T6, H4, R7, N4; at: V (euro-s.sib); hab: gro-I; liv-I; zao-I;
ziv-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Astragalus sesameus L., v-a Mes H rept; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-II; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (auf dürren, steinigen Stellen in der Podgoricer Ebene).
Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) Stirton [syn. Psoralea bituminosa L.], a Mac H scap; L9, T9, H2, Rx, N4; at: III
(eurimed); hab: kor-III; kam-I; liv-I; sik-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Horak 1900: 159 (Podgorica); Rohlena 1942: 167 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 82
(Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Cercis siliquastrum L., v fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L8, T7, H4, R7, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS); hab: nop-I;
zap-I; pot-I; put-I; UFI
Literature source: Chamaecytisus
hirsutus (L.) Link, v-a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L7, T7, H5, R7, N3; at: V (eurosib); hab: sik-I;
kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 36 (in Gebüschen bei Podgorica).
Colutea arborescens L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L5, T8, H3, R8, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-V; kot-II; kam-I;
pot-I; ziv-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (um Podgorica und Kokoti verbreitet); Šmarda 1968: 35 (TitovgradMorača
canyon); Bulić 1994: 81 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
50
Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J. Koch. [syn. Arthrolobium scorpioides (L.) DC.], v Mi-Mes T scap; L11,
T9, H2, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-IV; kam-IV; liv-II; kor-I; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 89 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića,
Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. herbaceum (Vill.) Rouy [syn. D. herbaceum Vill., D. illyricum
(Beck.) Degen], a Mes Ch suffrut caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: kam-IV; liv-IV;
gro-II; nop-II, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 17 (in nemorosis et declivibus graminosis ad Podgorica) & 1912: 31 (um
Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Galega officinalis L., a Meg H scap; L7, T8, H6, R5, N6; at: V (i.ev.pont); hab: liv-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (an nassen Stellen, unter Gebüsch bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 81
(Srpska).
Genista januensis Viv., a Mac Ch suffrut caesp; L7, T6, H5, R3, N3; at: V (s.e.euro); hab: kam-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Genista
sericea Wulfen, a Mes Ch suffrut caesp; L8, T8, H3, R7, N3; at: I (ilir); hab: kor-IV; kam-III; pot-II,
akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 36 (Felsige Abhänge des Malo brdo und auf felsigen Ufern des Morača
Flusses bei Podgorica); Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna); Bulić 1994: 80 (Rakića most, Kuće Rakića,
Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 46 (Ržanički most, Kuće Rakića).
Genista sylvestris Scop., a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut caesp; L7, T7, H3, R3, N2; at: I (ilir); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Genista
tinctoria L., a Mac Ch suffrut caesp; L5, T6, H5, R3, N3; at: V (euras); hab: vli-III; kam-I; liv-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (in pratis et fruticetis in campo prope Podgorica) & 1905: 36 (um
Podgorica nicht selten); Bulić 1994: 80 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 46 (Dajbabska gora).
Gleditsia triacanthos L., fo dec Mes P scap; L8, T7, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMS); hab: zap-II; svpI;
nop-I; pkg-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 21 (Gorica).
Hippocrepis biflora Sprengel [syn. H. unisiliquosa L.]; v-a Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III
(eurimed); hab: kam-I
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 56 (Dajbabe).
Hippocrepis ciliata Willd., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; groIV;
liv-IV; kor-III; nop-I;pot-I; tra-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (auf dürren Grasplätzen bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica).
Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Lassen [syn. Coronilla emerus L.
subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Hayek, C. emeroides Boiss. & Spruner], fo dec NP caesp; L7, T6, H3,
R9, N2; at: V (med-pont); hab:sik-V; kam-III; kor-III; pot-II, ziv-II; nop-I, svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 40 (um Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:73 (Titograd); Šmarda 1968: 36
(Titograd- Morača canyon); Bulić 1994: 88 (Srpska); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 56
(Kuće Rakića, Srpska- blizu obale Morače).
Lathyrus annuus L., v-a Mac ST herb; L8, T8, H3, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-II; liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (bei Podgorica, Kokoti, Duklja).
Lathyrus aphaca L., v-a Mes T scap; L6, T6, H3, Rx, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-IV; liv-IV; gro-II; korII,
nop-I; pot-I; tra-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 43 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 84 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Lathyrus cicera L., v-a Mes-Mac ST herb; L8, T8, H3, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V, liv-V; kam-IV;
akp-III; pas-III; tra-III; zap-II; svp-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 83 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 48
(Tološka šuma, Duvanski kombinat).
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Lathyrus hirsutus L., a Mac ST herb; L7, T6, H4, R7, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 173 (Kokoti); Hadžiablahović 2010: 49 (Dajbabe).
Lathyrus latifolius L. [syn. L. membranaceus C. Presl.], a Meg-Alt ST herb; L7, T8, H3, R9, N3; at: V
(s.e.ev); hab: liv-II; zao-II; sik-II; nop-I; ziv-I; svp-I; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 49 (Dajbabska gora).
Lathyrus nissolia L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Lathyrus
pratensis L., v Mac-Meg H scap; L7, T5, H6, R7, N6; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Lathyrus
setifolius L., a Mes-Mac ST herb; L11, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; pas-V; groIII;
svp-III; akp-II; kam-II; kor-II; nop-II, tra-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994:83 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 49
(Dajbabska gora, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Lathyrus sphaericus Retz., a Mes-Mac ST herb; L11, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; kam-IV;
kor-III, akp-III; tra-II, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949:73 (Titograd); Bulić
1994: 83 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 49 (Dajbabska gora).
Lathyrus sylvestris L, a Mes-Meg H rept; L7, T5, H4, R4, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: liv-I; sik-I; vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Horak 1900: 160 (bei Podgorica).
Lathyrus tuberosus L., a Mac-Meg G tub; L7, T6, H4, R8, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-II; zao-I; slj-I;
svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Lathyrus
venetus (Mill.) Wohlf. [syn. Orobus variegatus Ten.], a Mes-Mac Grhiz scap; L4, T7, H5, R7, N7;
at: V (c.e.submed-pont); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 43 (im Gebüsche um Podgorica); Šmarda 1968: 69 (Titovgrad- Morača
canyon).
Lens nigricans (M. Bieb.) Gord. [syn. Ervum nigricans M. Bieb.], v-a Mes T scap; L11, T7, H3, R7, N2; at:
II (stenomed); hab: akp-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (in der Podgoricer Ebene nicht häufig); Bulić 1994:83 (Ćemovsko polje,
Kuće Rakića).
Lotus angustissimus L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H7, R7, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-III; vli-III;
svp-i; kam-I; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Lotus
corniculatus L. a Mes H scap; L7, Tx, H4, R7, N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: gro-V; liv-V; tra-V; akp-IV;
kam-IV; pas-IV; svp-IV; zao-III; zap-III; nop-II; pkg-II; put-I,UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 17 (in pratis ad Podgorica frequens c. 20m), 1912: 31 (bei Podgorica);
Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 88 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 55 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića).
Lotus ornithopodioides L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H2, R1, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-II; kam-II;
sir-I; UFO
Literature source: Lotus
tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., a Mes H scap; L9, T7, H6, R7, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-II; traI;
UFO
Literature source: (-)
Lupinus albus L. L11, T9, H2, R2, N2; at: II (stenomed), hab: liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 46 (Studentski dom).
Lupinus micranthus Guss. [syn. L. hirsutus L.], v Mes T semiros; L11, T9, H2, R2, N2; at: II (stenomed);
hab: liv-III; kam-II; akp-I; kor-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 36 (auf Wiesen bei Podgorica selten); Bulić 1994: 80 (Kuće Rakića).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
52
Medicago arabica (L.) Huds., n-v Mes-Mac T scap; L9, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: gaz-V; groV;
liv-V; zap-V; pas-I; tra-V; svp-V; kam-III; akp-III; dep-III; zao-III; pkg-III; pno-III; nop-III; kor-II; potII;
UNE
Literature source: Janchen 1919: 256 (Podgorica).
Medicag falcata L. [syn. M. sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.], a Mes-Meg H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0;
at: V (euras); hab: zao-II; liv-II; pas-I; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (in pratis planitiei Podgoricensis).
Medicago hispida Gaertn., v Mes T rept; L9, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: tra-V; gaz-IV; zap-IV; livIV;
akp-III; gro-III; kam-III; svp-III, kor-II; gaz-II; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (ad Podgorica).
Medicago minima (L.) Bartal., v Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T7, H3, R8, N1; at: IX (cosm); hab: gro-V; kor-V; livV;
zap-V; pot-V; tra-V; svp-V; akp-IV; kam-IV; gaz-III; put-III; slj-III; nop-II; dep-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in campo Lješkopolje ad Podgorica) 1904: 37 & 1905: 37 (bei
Podgorica); Janchen 1919: 256 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 51 (Tološka
šuma, Agrikombinat, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv. [syn. Trigonella monspeliaca L.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R5,
N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; akp; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 37 (auf dürren Grasplätzen bei Dukla nächst Podgorica); Bulić 1994:84
(Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 51 (Dajbabska gora).
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal., v Mes-Mac T rept; L7, T8, H3, R4, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V,
kam-V; liv-V; zap-V; tra-V; svp-V; akp-IV; zao-IV; kor- IV; pot-IV; gaz- IV; dep-IV; put-III; nop-II; slj-II;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (in graminosis regionis inferioris ad Podgorica) & 1905 : 37 (bei
Duklja nächst Podgorica) & 1942: 178 (Podgorica, Kokoti in Lješanska nahija, Duklja); Janchen 1919: 256
(Podgorica); Bulić 1994:85 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 51 (Tološka šuma, KBC).
Medicago polymorpha L. [syn. M. lupulina L.], a-aut Mes T scap/H scap; L7, T5, H4, R8, N7; at: V
(paleotemp); hab: pas-IV; gro-III; tra-III; svp-III; kam-II; slj-II; ulk-II; liv-II; gaz-II; kro-I; nop-I; pkg-I; potI;
put-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Medicago prostrata Jacq., v-a Mes H rept; L8, T7, H3, R8, N3; at: V (s.eu); hab: kam-IV; kor-IV; akp-III;
pot-III; liv-III; put-III; gaz-II; nop-II, pkg-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (in campo prope Podgorica c. 20m, collis Gorica c. 100m) & 1905: 37
(bei Duklja nächst Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 51 (Tološka šuma, Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most).
Medicago rigidula (L.) All., v Mes-Mac T rept; L11, T8, H1, Rx, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V; liv-V;
zap-V; tra-V; akp-IV; gaz-IV, kam-IV; svp-IV; kor-III; dep-III, pkg-II, pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 37 (um Podgorica nicht selten); Janchen 1919: 37 (Podgorica); Stešević
2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Blok V).
Medicago sativa L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T5, H3, R9, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: zao-IV; livIII;
zap-III, tra-III; svp-III; put-I; nop-II; zar-I, pkg-I; gaz-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 51 (Ljubović).
Melilotus alba Medik., a-aut Mac-Alt T scap; L9, T6, H3, R7, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-II, pot-II; svp-II;
liv-I; ulk-I; nop-I; slj-I; pno-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Melilotus altissimum Thuill., a-aut Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L8, T6, H7, R7, Nx; at: V (eurosib); hab: vli-I; sljI;
UFO
Literature source: Melilotus
neapolitana Ten., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-I; zap-I;
kor-I; nop-I; kam-I; potI; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in graminosis siccis in campo Doljani ad ripam fluvii Morača prope
Podgorica); Bulić 1994:84 (Kakaricka gora, Ćemovsko polje).
Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., a Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L8, T5, H3, R8, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-II; kamI;
nop-I; svp-I; vli-I; pno-I; slj-I; UFO
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 53
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Melilotus sulcata Desf., v-a Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: II (s.stenomed); hab: pas- I, zap- I
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 50 (Tološka šuma, Duvanski kombinat).
Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC. subsp. tommasinii (Jord.) Asch. & Graebn. [syn. Onobrychis tommasinii
Jord., O. ocellata Beck], a Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (w.balk-apen); hab: svp-I; kam-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 34 (bei Podgorica).
Onobrychis caput-galli (L.) Lam., a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R7, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-I; gazI;
UFO
Literature source: Ononis
pusilla L., a Mes H scap; L11, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:84 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović & Bulić 2004: 47 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Tuški put).
Ononis reclinata L., a Mi T scap; L11, T11, H2, Rx, N1; at: IX (s.med-turan); hab: akp-III; kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Hadžhiablahović 2006: 97 (Podgorica, Agrokombinat, Ržanicki most).
Ononis spinosa L., a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L8, T6, Hx, Rx, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: zao-IV; liv-III; vli-II;
tra-I; akp-I; kor-I; slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Ononis
spinosa L. subsp. antiquorum (L.) Arcang. [syn. O. antiquorum L.], Ch suffr caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Vranići); Hadžiablahović 2010: 50 (Kuće Rakića).
(-) Ononis spinosa subsp. hircina (Jacq.) Gams [syn. Ononis arvensis L., Ononis hircina Jacq.], a Mes-Meg
Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (paleotemp)
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 14 (in fossis ad novam viam e Podgorica ad Spuž c. 30m) & 1912: 28 (bei
Podgorica).
Ornithopus compressus L., a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R2, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-II; kam-II;
liv-II; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (auf dürren Grasplätzen zwishen Podgorica und Dajbabe).
Petteria ramentacea (Sieber) C. Presl. [syn. Cytisus ramentaceus Sieber], fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: I (submed-ilir); hab: ziv-I; kor-I; dep-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1891a: 470 (lungo la Morača, in via per Podgoritza), Rohlena 1905: 36 (im
Gebiete der Mediterranflora häufig, ad Podgorica, Kokoti); Hadžiablahović 2010: 46 (Kuće Rakića).
Phaseolus vulgaris L., a Mes-Meg ST; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMS), hab: liv-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 175 (in hortis colitur).
Pisum sativum L. subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn., a Mes-Meg ST; L9, T9, H3, R4, N3; at: IX
(ADV, kult, AS); hab: svp-I; zap-I; ziv-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 42 (an den Ruinen Duklja nächst Podgorica).
Robinia pseudoacacia L., fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T7, H4, Rx, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: ziv-IV; ork-III;
zap-II; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Scorpiurus muricatus L. [syn. S. subvillosus L.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, H2, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed);
hab: kam-I; liv-I; sik-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (an steinigen Stellen in der Podgoricer Ebene); Hadžiablahović 2010: 56
(Dajbabska gora).
Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfl. [syn. Bonaveria securidaca (L.) Rchb.], a Mes-Meg T scap; L11,
T9, H2, R2, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-I; liv-I; svp-I; UFO
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
54
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 41 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 88 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 56
(Dajbabska gora).
Securigera varia (L.) Lassen [syn. Coronilla varia L.], a Meg H scap; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N3; at: V (s.e.ev);
hab:liv-II; kam-I; zao-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 56 (Dajbabe).
Spartium junceum L., fo dec NP caesp; L7, T7, H4, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-I; nop-I; zap-I; dep-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 36 (auf Felsen bei Vezirov most nächst Podgorica).
Trifolium angustifolium L., a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-IV; akp-III; kamIII;
svp-III; kor-II; nop-II; pas-II; tra-II; gro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 38 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Studentski dom, Blok V, Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most).
Trifolium arvense L., a Mes T scap; L8, T5, H2, R2, N1; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-V; akp-IV; kam-IV; groIII;
zao-II; tra-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 39 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 86 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Dajbabe, Agrokombinat, Ržanički most).
Trifolium bocconei Savi, v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R7, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-I; pas-I; akp-I;
UFO
Literature source: Trifolium
campestre Schreb., a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T5, H4, Rx, N3; at: V (w.paleotemp); hab: liv-V; gro-V;
pas-V; tra-V; svp-V; akp-IV; kor-IV; zao-III; zaop-III; pot-III; gaz-III; pkg-II; pst-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 180 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:
86 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Tološka šuma, Agrokombinat,
Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Trifolium cherleri L.,a Mi T scap; L11, T9,H2, R1, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; kor-V; liv-IV; gaz-III;
tra-II; pot-II; gro-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in regione inferiore, in campis Lješkopolje et Ćemovsko polje prope
Podgorica) & 1905: 38 (bei Dukla nächst Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Studentski dom, Tološka
šuma, Blok V, Agrokombinat, Dajbabe).
Trifolium dalmaticum Vis., v-a Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-mak); hab: liv-V; akp-IV; kam-III;
gro-III; svp-III; tra-II; pas-II; put-II; gaz-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 39 (um Podgorica, Kokoti verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 52 (Tuški put, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Trifolium diffusum Ehrh., a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H6, R3, N4; at: V (s.euro-kavk); hab: liv-I; vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Trifolium
fragiferum L., a Mes H rept; L8, T6, H7, R8, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: vli-IV; tra-III; pkg-II;
gaz-I; gro-I; put-I; pas-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 29 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 87 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53
(Podgorica).
Trifolium incarnatum L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H4, R5, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; kam-IV;
svp-IV; tra-III; pas-III; gro-II; gaz-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 38 (auf Wiesen um Podgorica, Kokoti); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Studentski dom, Tološka šuma, Kuće Rakića).
Trifolium lappaceum L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T9, H2, R2, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II; akp-II; nop-I;
pno-I; pas-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in campo “Ćemovsko polje prope” Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 87
(Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Dajbabe).
Trifolium medium L., v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T5, H4, R0, N3; at: V (euras); hab: liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Trifolium
nigrescens Viv., v-a Mes T scap; L8, T6, H5, R5, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V; liv-V; tra-V;
pas-IV; svp-IV; gaz-III; kam-III; pkg-III; dep-III; akp-II; nop-II, pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 40 (auf nassen Wiesen bei Doljani nächst Podgorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 53 (Tuški put).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 55
Trifolium ochroleucon Huds., a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T5, H4, R8, N2; at: V (pont-eurimed); hab: liv-I; kamI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in pratis et declivibus herbidis, Kakaricka gora prope Podgorica c.
200m); Bulić 1994:86 (Kakaricka gora, Srpska).
Trifolium pallidum Waldst. &. Kit., a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H4, R2, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; zao-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 16 (in vinetis ad radiceum collis Kakaricka gora prope Podgorica (c.
50m); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Blok V).
Trifolium patens Schreb., a Mes H scap; L8, T8, H5, R5, N4; at: VI (w.submed-j.subatl); hab: vli-III; svp-II;
tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 40 (auf Wiesen um Podgorica, Kokoti); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Aluminijuski kombinat).
Trifolium pratense L., a Mes H scap; L7, Tx, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zao-IV; pas-IV; tra-IV;
svp-IV; gro-III; liv-III; zar-I; kam-I, pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Čepurci, Kuće Rakića).
Trifolium purpureum Loisel., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (collis Kakaricka gora prope Podgorica c. 100m); Bulić 1994: 87
(Kakaricka gora).
Trifolium repens L., a-aut Mes H rept; L8, Tx, Hx, Rx, N7; at: IX (subcosm); hab: gro-III; liv-III; zap-III;
pas-III; tra-III; gaz-II; pst-II; dep-II; put-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 86 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Trifolium resupinatum L. a Mes T rept; L8, T8, H5, Rx, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: liv-IV; gaz-III; zao-III;
zao-III; pkg-III; tra-III; svp-III, put-II, pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 86 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Tuški put, Tološka šuma).
Trifolium scabrum L., a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T8, H2, R9, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-IV; kam-IV; korIV;
gro-III; svp-III; liv-III; pot-II; put-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 39 (auf dürren Grasplätzen um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al.
1949: 73 (Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Agrokombinat, Blok V, Tuški put).
Trifolium stellatum L., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; svp-IV; kor-IV;
akp-IV; kam- III; gro-III; pas-III; tra-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Titex).
Trifolium striatum L., a Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R2, N0; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-II, nop-I; kam-I; pas-I;
UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 53 (Agrokombinat, Tološka šuma).
(-) Trifolium strictum L., a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T5, H3, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 40 (feuchte Wiesen bei Doljani nächst Podgorica).
Trifolium subterraneum L., a Mi T rept; L11, T9, H2, R2, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: gaz-V; liv-V; tra-V;
gro-IV; kor-IV; kam-III; pkg-III; svp-II; pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 39 (auf feuchten Gräsplatzen bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 73
(Titograd); Bulić 1994: 87 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 54 (Agrokombinat, Ćemovsko polje, KBC, Studentski dom).
(-) Trifolium suffocatum L., a Mi T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R2, N2; at: II (stenomed)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 40 (auf dürren Grasplätzen um Podgorica verbreitet); Hadžiablahović 2010:
54 (Podgorica).
Trifolium tenuifolium Ten., a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H3, R2, N1; at: III (n.e.med); hab: akp-II; liv-II; tra-I;
UNE
Literature source: Trigonella
corniculata (L.) L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-II; traI;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Vicia
bithynica (L.) L., v Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-I; sik-I; gro-I;
UFO
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
56
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 43 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 47 (Blok V).
Vicia faba L., a Mes-Mac ST herb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS-AF)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 44 (auf einem Felde bei Kokoti nächste Podgorica angebaut).
Vicia grandiflora Scop., a Mac-Meg ST herb; L7, T8, H3, R5, N4; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: gro-V; kamV;
liv-V; pas-V; svp-V; ziv-V; akp-IV; gro- IV; zap-III; pot-III; nop-III; gaz-III, tra-III; sik-III; pas-III; zaoII;
dep-II; pst-II; put-I; ulk-I; zar-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 43 (bei Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Titograd); Bulić
1994: 82 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 47 (DajbabeAluminijumski
kombinat, Duklja, Tološka šuma, Kuće Rakića).
Vicia hybrida L., v Mes-Mac ST herb; L7, T8, H3, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-IV; akp-III; gro-III;
liv-III; svp-III; nop-II; pas-II; ziv-II; pot-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Vicia lathyroides L., v Mes T scap; L8, T7, H2, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-I, liv-I, akp-I, pas-I;
UFO
Literature source: Vicia
lutea L., v Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T8, H3, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 19 (in agris et herbidis ad Podgorica c. 30m) & 1942: 167 (in campo
Donja Zeta, Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 83 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 48 (Tološka šuma).
(-) Vicia narbonensis L. [sin. Vicia serratifolia Jacq.], v- a Mes-Mac T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III
(eurimed); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 43 (Kokoti).
Vicia pannonica Crantz subsp. striata (M. Bieb.) Nyman, v-a Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III
(eurimed); hab: nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Vicia
peregrina L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-II, gro-I, pas-I,
sik-I, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 82 (Ćemovsko polje).
Vicia sativa L. s.l., v-a Mes-Meg ST herb; L5, T5, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-II; gro-I; zao-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 82 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica).
Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. [syn. V. angustifolia L.], v-a Mes-Meg ST herb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0;
at: IX (subkosm, med-tur); hab: liv-V, gro-V, svp-V, pas-IV, akp-III, kam-III, dep-III, pot-III, ziv-III, tra-II,
gaz-II, pst-II, nop-II, pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 44 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 48 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb. [syn. V. dasycarpa auct., V. varia Host], v-a Mac-Alt ST herb;
L7, T6, H4, R4, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: zap-V, liv-IV, svp-IV, ziv-IV, kam-IV, pot-III, dep-II, gro-II,
nop-II, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Horak 1900: 160 (Podgorica); Rohlena 1905: 43 (bei Podgorica) & 1942: 171 (Podgorica);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 48 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka
šuma, Tuški put).
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, a S lig; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: kam-I, zap-I, zid-I; UFI
Literature source: -
FAGACEAE
Quercus cerris L., v fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L6, T8, H4, R4, N4; at: III (sj. eurimed); hab: ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica)
Quercus ilex L., v fo semp Mi-Mes P scap; L2, T9, H3, Rx, Nx; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Quercus
pubescens Willd. [syn. Q. lanuginosa Thuill.], v fo dec Mes P scap; L7, T8, H3, R7, N4; at: V (j.i.
europ-pont); hab: sik-V; ziv-III; kam-II; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 67 (Titograd); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
18 (Dajbabska gora).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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Quercus trojana Webb. [syn. Q. macedonica DC., Q. griesebachii Kotschy, Mattei & Bald. ex Bald.], v fo
dec Mes P scap; L7, T8, H3, R6, N2; at: III (sj. med-or); hab: sik-V; ziv-III; kam-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (Malo brdo prope Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 67 (Vranići);
Pulević 1966 (Velje i Malo brdo); Stešević 2002: 24 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 18 (Dajbabska gora,
Rogami).
FUMARIACEAE
Fumaria capreolata L., v Mes T scap; L7, T9, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-I; liv-I: UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Fumaria officinalis L. subsp. officinalis, n (II)-v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N6; at: IX (cosm); UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 19 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 33 (Tološi, Dahna, Kruševac).
Fumaria officinalis L. subsp. wirtgenii (W.D.J. Koch) Arcang. [syn. F. wirtgenii W.D.J. Koch], v-a Mi-Mes
T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (subcosm); hab: dep-V; zao-V; zap-IV; svp-IV; gro-IV; pko-III; liv-III;
zid-III; nop-III; sik-II; pas-II; pot-II; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: (-)
Fumaria rostellata Knaf, a Mes-Mac T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (balk-pan); hab: akp
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 70 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 65 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska)
GENTIANACEAE
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. [syn. Chlora perfoliata L.], a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, Hx, R9, N4; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-V, kam-IV, kor-IV, gro-IV, akp-IV, kro-III, sik-II, pas-II, svp-II, zao-I, nop-I, tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 4 (ad Podgorica frequens); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 73 (Agrokombinat, Ćemovsko polje, Podgorica, Ržanički most).
Centaurium erythraea Rafn [syn. C. umbellatum auct., Erythraea centaurium auct, non (L.) Pers.], a-aut MiMes
H semiros; L8, T6, H5, R6, Nx, at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-V, akp-IV, sik-III, pas-III, kam-II, zao-II,
svp-II, tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 90 (bei Farmaki nächst Podgorica) & 1942: 317 (Podgorica); Černjavski et
al. 1949: 77 (Momišići); Bulić 1994: 109 (Srpska, Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 25
(Gorica).
Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch [syn. Erythraea maritima (L.) Pers.], v Mi T scap; L11, T9, H3, R3, N1;
at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-III, liv-II, kam-I, sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 4 (in arenosis et lapidosis planitiei Podgoricensis (Lješko polje) frequens)
& 1912: 90 (auf steinigen Grasplätzen bei Podgorica c. 20-50m); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 74 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Tuški put).
Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce. [syn. Erythraea pulchella (Sw.) Fr.], a-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L9, T6, H7,
R9, N3; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kro-V, liv-III, vli-II, akp-II, pas-II, put-I, pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 88 (grasplätze bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 74 (Agrokombinat,
Dajbabe, Podgorica, Ržanički most).
Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. et Link) Fritsch [syn. Erythraea tenuiflora Griseb.], a-aut Mes T scap;
L9, T8, H7, R7, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: vli-III, sik-I, liv-I, pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 71 (bei Podgorica) & 1912: 88 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994:109 (Kuće
Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 74 (left riverbank of Morača).
GERANIACEAE
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’ Hér., v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L8, T7, H3, R5, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: akp-V,
gaz-V, gro-V, kam-V, liv-V, zao-V, kor-V, tra-V, svp-V, pkg-IV, dep-III, kro-II, nop-II, zid-II, zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 13 (in arvis et inculstis ubique frequens ad Podgorica) & 1905: 34 (bei
Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949:71 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:91 (Ćemovsko polje,
Srpska); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Erodium malacoides (L.) L’Hér., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: pot-II;
UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 58 (Skaline).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
58
Geranium columbinum L., v-a MesT scap; L7, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: V (euro-s.sib); hab: kam-V, gro-IV, livIV,
pas-III, tra-III, svp-III, akp-II, pot-I, put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994:91 (Kuće Rakića).
Geranium dissectum L., v-a Mes T semiros; L7, T8, H2, R5, N2; at: IX (subcosm); hab: kam-V, liv-V, svpIV,
akp-III, tra-II, zap-II, dep-II, zao-II, nop-II, sir-II, ziv-I, zar-I, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 57
(Tološka šuma, Kuće Rakića).
Geranium lucidum L., v-a Mes T semiros; L6, T8, H6, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V, pot-V, zao-IV,
nop-IV, akp-III, kor-III, ulk-II, svp-II, zid-II, liv-II, put-II, gro-II, pko-II, kro-I, zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (Podgorica verbreitet und gemein); Černjavski et al. 1949: 71
(Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 57 (Sastavci, Kuće Rakića).
Geranium molle L. subsp. molle, v-a Mi-Mes T semiros; L7, T6, H3, R5, N4; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-III,
akp-II, gaz-II, kam-II, nop-II, pas-II, tra-II, ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:71 (Titograd, Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:90 (Ćemovsko polje);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 57 (Dahna, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Geranium molle L. subsp. brutium (Gaspar) Graebner [syn. G. brutium Gasp., G. villosum Ten., non Mill.],
n-v Mes-Mac T semiros; L7, T7, H3, R5, N4; at: III (n.e.med); hab: gro-V, liv-V, zao-V, pas-V, tra-V, svpV,
dep-IV, akp-III, gaz-III, pst-III, pot-III, sik-III, ziv-III, nop-II, pno-II, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 57 (Dajbabe, Tološka šuma, KBC).
Geranium purpureum Vill., v-aut Mi-Mes T semiros; L7, T8, H3, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V, pasV,
pot-V, sik-V, nop-IV, svp-III, zid-III, kro-II, tra-II, put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 24 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:71 (Titograd); Hadžiablahović
2010: 57 (Tuški put, Sastavci, Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe).
Geranium pusillum Burn., a Mes T semiros; L7, T7, H4, R5, N6; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: kam-II, nop-II, zid-II,
zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Geranium
robertianum L., a Mes T semiros; L4, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: pot-II, kro-I, nop-I,
sik-I, pas-I, pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Geranium rotundifolium L., a-aut Mes T semiros; L7, T8, H3, R6, N3; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam-IV, potIV,
akp-III, gro-III, liv-III, pas-III, svp-III, svp-III, gaz-II, nop-II, zap-II, tra-II, zid-II, kor-II, pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 58 (Dahna, Tuški put, Sastavci).
(-) Geranium sanguineum L., a Mes H scap; L6, T7, H3, R5, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:71 (Titograd).
GLOBULARIACEAE
Globularia cordifolia L., v Mi-Mes Ch suffr caesp; L9, Tx, H3, R9, N1; at: VII (orof. s.eu); hab: kam-I; sikI;
UFO
Literature source: -
HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum spicatum L., rhiz sbm HydG; L5, Tx, H12, R8, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan, rij; UFO
Literature source: -
HYPERICACEAE
Hypericum perforatum L., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T8, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: akp-V, kam-V,
kor-V, liv-V, gro-I, zao-V, zap-V, pas-V, nop-IV, pko-III, svp-IV, pkg-III, tra-III, kro-II, pst-II, put-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 33 (bei Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 71 (Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1994: 97 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002:25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 65
(Agrokombinat, Blok V, Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Hypericum tetrapterum Fr. [syn. H. acutum Moench], a Mes H scap; L7, T7, H4, R4, N4; at: V (paleotemp);
hab: vli-II; UFO
Literature source: -
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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JUGLANDACEAE
Juglans regia L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L6, T6, H5, R6, N6; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS); hab: ork-II; zap-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 19 (ad Podgorica culta); Bulić 1994:45 (Podgorica).
LAMIACEAE
Ajuga chamaepytis (L.) Schreb.., v-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L7 ,T8, H4, R9, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V;
kam-V; kor-V; gro-IV; pko-III; gaz-III; dep-III; liv-III; svp-III; pas-II; nop-II; pst-II; zid-II; pkg-I; put-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 76 (um Podgorica, Duklja verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (Titograd);
Bulić 1994: 116 (Kuće Rakića. Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 79
(Podgorica).
Ajuga genevensis L., v-a Mi-Mes H semiros; L8, T4, H4, R8, N2; at: V (euras); hab: tra- I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 116 (Kuće Rakića).
Ajuga reptans L., a Mes H rept semiros; L6, Tx, H6, Rx, N6; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-II; liv-I; tra-I; pno-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 9 (Podgorica) & 1942: 285 (Podgorica, Duklja).
Ballota hispanica (L.) Benth. [syn. Ballota rupestris (Biv.) Vis, B. acuta Briq.], a-aut Mes-Meg Ch suffrut;
L6, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: IV (ne.med-mont); hab: sik-III; kor-III; pas-III; zap-II; pot-I; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 101 (Podgorica).
Ballota nigra L. subsp. foetida Hayek, a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L8, T6, H5, Rx, N8; at: III (eurimed); hab:
zap-V; dep-IV; pas-IV; svp-IV; gro-III; sik-III; liv-III; zao-III; pot-III; pst-II; ulk-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 81 (Čepurci).
Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze [syn. Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy, Calamintha acinos (L.) Clairv.], v-a
Mi-Mes T scap/H scap; L11, Tx, H2, R7, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; kor-V; liv-IV; sik-IV;
gro-III; nop-II; svp-II; zid-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (Ćemovsko polje), Šilić
1979:330 (Ćemovsko polje, Horak, PRC!); Bulić 1994:122 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 82 (Agrokombinat, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Clinopodium alpinum subsp. majoranifolium (Mill.) Govaerts [syn. Acinos majoranifolius (Mill.) Šilić, A.
alpinus (L.) Moench subsp. majoranifolius (Mill.) P.W. Ball], a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I
(se.dinar); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 306 (Podgorica).
Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace. [syn. Calamintha sylvatica Bromf.], a-aut Mes H scap; L4, T6, H5,
R5, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-II; pot-II; kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Clinopodium
nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. nepeta [syn. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi. subsp. nepeta, C.
nepetoides Jordan.], a Mes-Mac H scap; L5, T7, H3, R9, N3; at: IV (med-mont); hab: sik-V; hab: kam-V;
liv-V; gro-V; zap-V; kor-IV; akp-IV; svp-IV; pas-IV; nop-III; pst-III; zao-III; ulk-II; pkg-II; tra-II; put-I; zidI;
kro-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:72 (Momišći); Hadžiablahović 2010: 82 (Agrokombinat, Ćemovsko
polje, Čepurci, Blok V).
Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze subsp. glandulosum (Req.) Govaerts [syn. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi
subsp. glandulosa (Req.) P.W. Ball, C. glandulosa (Req.) Benth.], aut Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0;
at: IV (med-mont); hab: kam-V; liv-V; gro-V; zap-V; kor-IV; akp-IV; svp-IV; pas-IV; nop-III; pst-III; zaoIII;
ulk-II; pkg-II; tra-II; put-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 2008:173 (Gorica).
Clinopodium vulgare L. [syn. Calamintha vulgare (L.) Haláscy, non Clairv.], a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T5,
H4, R7, N3; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: liv-IV; sik-III; kam-II; pas-II; kor-II; zao-II; nop-II; vli-II; svp-I; deoI;
gro-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 123 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 83 (Dajbabe, Tološka šuma).
Galeopsis speciosa Mill., a Mes-Mac T scap; L5, T4, H4, R3, N6; at: V (euras); hab: ork-I; UFO
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Literature source:Hyssopus
officinalis L. subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Briq. [syn. H. officinalis L. subsp. pilifer (Griseb. ex Pant.)
Murb.], aut Mac Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VI (orof. se.euro); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Lamium
amplexicaule L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: zao-II; liv-II; pstII;
pas-II; nop-I; kor-I; svp-I; dep-I; zid-I; ulk-I; tra-I; pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Lamium
bifidum Cyr., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T8, H3, R4, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: zao-III; pas-III; livIII;
pot-II; gro-II; tra-II; svp-II; zap-I; ulk-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Lamium
maculatum L., v-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: V (euras); hab: sik-V; pas-V; pot-V;
kor-III; liv-III; zap-III; gro-II; pno-II; nop-II; tra-II; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:118 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 81 (Tološka šuma).
Lamium purpureum L., n-(II)-v-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R5, N5; at: V (euras); hab: zao-V; zap-V;
liv-V; gro-V; pas-V; pot-V; tra-V; kam-IV; svp-IV; kor-III; akp-III; dep-III; pst-III; sik-III; ulk-III; nop-II;
pkg-II; put-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:118 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 81 (Podgorica).
Lavandula angustifolia Mill. [syn. L. spica L., nom. ambig.], a Mes-Meg Ch suffrut; L11, T5, H3, R2, N2;
at: IX (ADV, kult, med-E); hab: nop-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 289 (in hortic culta).
Leonurus cardiaca L., a Meg-Alt H scap; L8, T8, H5, R8, N9; at: V (euras); hab: vli-II; sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Leonurus
marrubiastrum L., a Mac-Meg H scap; L8, T7, H4, R7, N7; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Lycopus
europaeus L. [syn. L. europaeus L. subsp. menthifolius (Mabille) Skalicky, L. europaeus L. subsp.
mollis (A. Kern.) Rothm. ex Scalicky], a Mes-Meg H scap/rhiz emer HydG; L7, T6, H9, Rx, N7; at: VIII
(circumbor); hab:vli-II, pno-I, svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 79 (as “L. europaeus L. subsp. mollis” an nassen Stellen um Podgorica) &
1942: 312 (as “L. europaeus L. f. mollis”, Podgorica) & Rohlena 1942: 312 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 124
(Srpska).
Marrubium incanum Desr. [syn. M. candidissimum auct., non L.], a Mes-Mac H scap; L11, T8, H3, R7, N9;
at: III (se.med); hab: kam-IV; akp-II; liv-II; nop-II; pko-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (Malo brdo bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994:117 (Srpska); Stešević 2002
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 80 (Blok V, Čepurci, Kuće Rakića).
Marrubium vulgare L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T8, H3, R8, N8; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-II; akp-I; nop-I;
pas-I; kor-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (an Ruderalorten bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (Titograd);
Bulić 1994: 117 (Kuće Rakića).
Melissa officinalis L., a Mac-Meg H scap; L6, T7, H4, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: pot-III; pas-III; kor-II;
zap-II; sik-I; slj-I; liv-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 82 (Blok V, Ljubović).
Melittis melissophyllum L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L5, T6, H4, R7, N3; at: V (c.euro); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 77 (Mosor prope Podgorica).
Mentha aquatica L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T5, H9, R7, N4; at: IX (subcosm); hab: pls-V; pno-IV; vliIV;
slj-II; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 125 (Srpska).
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Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T5, H8, R8, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-IV;
gro-IV; kor-IV; svp-III; zap-III; pas-III; nao-II; zao-II; okg-II; dep-II; ulk-II; zar-II; akp-II; put-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 125 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 84
(Blok V).
Mentha × piperita L., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult); hab: zar-II; put-II;
tra-II; kro-I; slj-I; pno-I; ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 70 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 85 (Ljubović).
Mentha pulegium L. [syn. Pulegium vulgare Mill.], a-aut Mi-Mes H scap; L8, T7, H7, Rx, N2; at: IX (cosm);
hab: vli-IV; gro-II; pno-II; liv-II; slj-I; akp-I; nop-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 103 (um Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:77 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 124
(Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 85 (Blok V).
Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Rchb., a Mes Ch suffrut; L8, T8, H2, R1, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kamV;
kor-V; pot-V; akp-IV; sik-III; gro-II; kro-II; nop-II; zid-II; liv-I; pkg-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 11 (in fissuris rupium rivi Ribnica et fluvi Morača prope Podgorica (c.
20m); Beck & Szyiszyilowicz 1888: 138 (Podgorica); Šilić 1979: 215 (Morača canyon in Doljani); Bulić
1994: 123 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 83 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće
Rakića, Sastavci).
Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler [syn. M. parviflora (Vis) Rchb., Satureja inodora Host], a Mes Ch
suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (dinar); hab: kor-IV; pot-IV; kam-II; UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1892:119 (per Lješanska nahija copiosa); Rohlena 1902b: 11 (in rupibus
calcareis, ad muros, in fissuris rupiumrivi Morača prope Podgorica c.10m) & 1942: 303 (Lješanska nahija);
Šilić 1979: 261 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 123 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 83 (Kuće Rakića).
Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch [syn. Satureja thymifolia Scop., Calamintha thymifolia (Scop.)
Reichenb.], a Mes-Mac Ch suffr; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (alb-ilir-i.karn-slov); hab: pot-I; UFO
Literature source Ocimum
bassilicum L., a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H6, R5, N7; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: put-I; UFI
Literature source: Origanum
vulgare L., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T6, H3, Rx, N3; at: V (euras); hab: liv-III; sik-III; akp-II;
kor-I; nop-I; slj-I; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 307 (ferquens); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica).
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, a-aut Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: ulk-I;
kro-I; pst-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica).
Phlomis fruticosa L., fo semp NP caesp; L11, T9, H6, R7, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (Malo brdo bei Podgorica).
Prunella laciniata (L.) L. [syn. Brunella laciniata L.], a Mi-Mes H scap; L8, T8, H3, R7, N2; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-III; akp-II; tra-II; sik-I; kam-I; pas-I; vli-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 9 (ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994:120 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010:
82 (Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Prunella vulgaris L., a Mi-Mes H scap; L7, T6, H6, R4, Nx; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: vli-IV; liv-II; sik-II;
tra-II; svp-II; kam-I; pas-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić: 1995: 120 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 82 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Rosmarinus officinalis L., fo semp NP caesp; L11, T8, H2, R6, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-I; zap-I; kor-
I
Literature source: -
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Salvia amplexicaulis Lam., a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (se.ilir-alb-balk-trac); hab: liv-IV; svpIV;
pas-IV; akp-III; kam-III; tra-III; svp-III,zao-III; sik-II; zap-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 9 (in locis apricis Lješkopolje prope Podgorica).
Salvia officinalis L., v-a Mes-Meg Ch suffrut; L11, T6, H2, R7, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-V; sik-III;
kor- III; nop-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 76 (im wärmer Teil Montenegro gemein, am Hügel oberhalb des Klosters
(monastir) bei Podgorica sehr heufig); Černjavski et al. 1949: 76 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 125
(Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 85 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Salvia verbenaca L., v-a Mi-Mes H semiros; L8, T8, H3, R5, N7; at: VI (med-atl); hab: liv-V; kam-V; tra-V;
gro-V; akp-IV; gaz-IV; pas-IV; svp-IV; zap-III; zao-III; nop-II; pkg-II; pst-II; put-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 76 (um Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 76 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 128
(Srpska); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 86 (Blok V, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Salvia verticillata L., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L6, T5, H4, R7, N6; at: V (s.ev-kavk); hab: liv-II; zao-II; korII;
sik-I; zap-I; slj-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 9 (in graminosis et fruticetis ad Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 86
(Dajbabe-Srpska, Kuće Rakića).
Satureja montana L., a-aut Mes Ch suffrut; L8, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: IV (med-mont); hab: akp-V; kam-V; sikIV;
nop-IV; pko-IV; dep-III; svp-III; gro-II; liv-II; pas-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (in der Podgoricer Ebene verbreitet); Šilić 1979: 42 (Ćemovsko poljeCijevna);
Bulić 1994:121 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 83 (Dajbabe).
Satureja subspicata Barth. ex Vis. [syn. S. montana L. subsp. illyrica Nyman.], a-aut Mes Ch suffrut; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: I (e.adriat-ilir-alb); hab: akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 76 (Dajbabe, Vranići, Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 121
(Ćemovsko polje).
Scutellaria altissima L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L6, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: V (se. euro); hab: sik-II; vli-I; liv-I;potI;
pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Scutellaria
galericulata L., a Mes G rhiz scap; L7, T5, H9, R7, N6; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: vli-II; pno-I;
UFO
Literature source: Sideritis
romana L. subsp. purpurea (Talbot & Bentham) Heywood [syn. S. purpurea Talbot & Bentham],
v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: akp-V; kam-V; pot-V; liv-IV; kor-IV; sik-III;
gro-II; nop-II; pas-II; zao-II; svp-II; pko-I; zar-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 76 (Ćemovsko
polje); Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 80 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Stachys annua (L.) L., a Mes T scap; L7, T6, H3, R8, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: pas-I; nop-I; slj-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 91 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 117 (Kuće Rakića).
Stachys cretica L. subsp. salviifolia (Ten.) Rech. fil. [syn. S. salviifolia Ten.], a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T8,
H3, R7, N9; at: III (we.med); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Stachys
germanica L., a Mac H scap; L7, T6, H3, R8, N8; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-I; sik-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 76 (Momišići).
Stachys menthifolia Vis., a Meg H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (dinar); hab: sik-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Stachys
officinalis (L.) Trevis. [syn. Betonica officinalis L.], v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L6, T5, H6, R4, N3; at: V
(euro-kavk); hab: liv-I; kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Stachys
recta L. subsp. subcrenata (Vis.) Briq., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IV (medmont);
hab: pot-IV; kor-III; kam-II; svp-I; UFO
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Literature source: Rohlena 1924: 46 (um Podgorica häufig) & 1933: 14 (ad campo ad Podgoirca);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 81 (Kuće Rakića).
Teucrium capitatum L., a Mes Ch suffrut caesp; L11, T8, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V; kam-V;
liv-V; gro-IV; pas-III; kor-III; tra-II; zao-II; nop-II; svp-I; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 99 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (as T. polium L.,
Ćemovsko polje, Titograd, Vranići, Kruševac); Bulić 1994: 117 (as T. polium, Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko
polje); Stešević 2002: 26 (as T. polium, Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 8 (Dajbabska gora, Ćemovsko polje).
Teucrium chamaedrys L., a Mes Ch suffrut caesp; L7, T6, H2, R8, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-III; liv-III;
sik-II; kor-II; pas-II; gro-II; zao-I; svp-I; nop-I; slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (Titograd, Momišići); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Teurcrium montanum L., v Mi Ch suffr caesp; L8, T7, H1, R8, N2; at: VII (orof. se.euro); hab: kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Teucrium
scordium L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T7, H8, R8, N2; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Thymus
glabrescens Willd., Mi-Mes Ch herb-rept; L7, T6, H4, R5, N3; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: akp
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 77 (Ćemovsko polje).
Thymus longicaulis C. Presl. [syn. T. rohlenae Velen.], v-a Mi-Mes Ch herb-rept; L7, T7, H4, R7, N3; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-V; pas-V; gro-V; kam-V; tra-V; pas-V; sik-IV; zao-IV; svp-IV; gaz-III; pst-III; dep-II;
put-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 311 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 84 (Agrokombinat, Tološka šuma).
(-) Thymus praecox Opiz. subsp. zygoformis (Heinr. Braun) Jalas [syn. T. albanus Heinr. Braun]; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: I (s.e.ilir-sk.pind); hab: akp
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 77 (Ćemovsko polje).
Thymus striatus Vahl, a Mi-Mes Ch rept; L11, T8, H2, R2, N1; at: V (se. euro); hab: akp-V; kor-V; kam-V;
liv-II; pas-II; gro-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1933: 18 (ad Podgorica ca 30-50m); Černjavski et al. 1949:77 (Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 84 (Agrokombinat, Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
LAUREACEAE
Laurus nobilis L., fo semp Mi P caesp; L2, T7, H8, R4, N6; at: II (stenomed); hab: pot-I; sik-I; ork-I; UFO
Literature source: -
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia minor L., er nat HydT; L8, Tx, H10, R7, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: rij- I; kan- I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević & Bulić 1990: 87 (Mareza).
LINACEAE
Linum bienne Mill. [syn. L. angustifolium Huds.], a Mes-Mac H scap bienn; L7, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: VI
(eurimed-subatl); hab: akp-V, liv-V, pas-IV, kam-III, kor-III, pot-II, gro-II, nop-I, svp-I, kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in pratis et collinis herbidis frequens, ad Podgorica c. 30m);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 58 (Tološka šuma, Ćemovsko polje- Agrokombinat, Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma,
Dajbabe).
Linum strictum L. subsp. strictum, v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-III, akpIII,
kor-III, kam-II, pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in pratis siccis, collibus arridis secus ripas rivuli Vrbica ad Podgorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 59 (Agrokombinat, Ržanički most).
Linum strictum L. subsp. corymbulosum (Rchb.) Rouy [syn. L. corymbulosum Rchb., L. liburnicum Scop.], v
Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-II, liv-II, nop-I, svp-I, kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Linum
tenuifolium L., a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut caesp; L11, T8, H3, R9, N2; at: V (submed-pont); hab: akp-V,
kam-V, gro-V, liv-V, zao-III, nop-III, pas-III, svp-III, zap-II, tra-I; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in campis circum Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:71 (Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1994:91 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 59
(Agrokombinat, Kuće Rakića, Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Linum trigynum L. [syn. Linum gallicum L.], v Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab:
akp-IV, kam-IV, liv-IV, gro-III, pot-III, zao-II, nop-I, pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 12 (in campo Lješkopolje prope Podgorica) & 1905: 33 (bei Kokoti);
Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 59 (Agrokombinat, Ržanički most).
LORANTHACEAE
Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb., v-a Mi-Mes Ch ep; L7, T8, H3, Rx, Nx; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab:
sta-I; UFO
Literature source: -
LYTHRACEAE
Lythrum salicaria L, a-aut Mac-Alt H scap; L7, T5, H8, R7, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-V, vli-V, slj-IV,
pno-III, zap-I, pko-I, svp-I; UFO
Literature source: -
MALVACEAE
Abutilon theophrastii Medik., a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L8, T9, H7, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zap-I,
svp-I, pko-I; UFI
Literature source: Alcea
pallida (Willd.) Waldst. & Kit. [syn. Althaea pallida Willd.]; a Meg-Alt H scap bienn; L9, T7, H3, R5,
N4; at: V (pont); hab: svp-II, pko-II, nop-I, zap-I, kam-I, liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Janchen 1919: 170- (bei den Ruinen von Podgorica).
Alcea rosea L. [syn. Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.], a Alt H scap; L9, T8, H3, R6, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS);
hab: svp-III, nop- III, zap-III, dep-II; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 63 (Kuće Rakića).
Althaea cannabina L., a-aut Mac-Meg H scap; L9, T8, H7, R7, N6; at: V (s.euro-w.as); hab: pot-II, vli-II,
nop-I, svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Althaea
hirsuta L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H3, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab:kam- I, sik- I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 65 (Dajbabska gora).
Althaea officinalis L. [syn. Althaea tauriensis DC.], a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T6, H7, R7, N6; at: IX
(subcosm); hab: vli-I, zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Hibiscus
syriacus L., fo dec NP caesp; L9, T8, H3, R6, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: put-I, zap-I, pot-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica).
Hibiscus trionum L., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L11, T8, H5, R7, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: put-I, tra-I, zao-I
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 65 (Blok V).
Lavatera thuringiaca L. subsp. ambigua (DC.) Nyman [syn. L. ambigua DC.], a Meg-Alt H scap; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: III (c.med); hab: kam-I, svp-I, ziv-I, ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Malva
moschata L., a Mac H scap; L7, T6, H4, R7, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: slj-I, liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Malva
neglecta Wallr., a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T6, H5, Rx, N9; at: V (paleotemp); hab: zap-V, gro-IV, pasIV,
svp- IV, tra-III, pok-III, gst-III, liv-III, pst-III, akp-II, nop-II, dep-II, put-I; UNE
Literature source: -
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Malva sylvestris L. [syn. M. ambigua Guss.], a-aut Mac-Meg H scap bienn; L8, T6, H4, Rx, N8; at: IX
(cosm); hab: gro-V, zap-V, pas-V, liv-IV, zap-IV, gst-III, zao-III, pst-III, dep-III, trav-III, akp-II, nop-II,
pkg-II, ulk-II, kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 33 (bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica).
MELIACEAE
Melia azedarach L., fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zap-II, dep-I, nop-I,
pkg-I, pot-I, slj-I, svpI; UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 61 (Podgorica).
MIMOSACEAE
Acacia dealbata Link, fo semp NP scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AUSTR); hab: zap-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 44 (Podgorica).
Albizzia julibrissin Dur., fo dec Mi P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: nop-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 45 (Podgorica).
MORACEAE
Broussonetia papyrifera L’Hérit ex Vent., v-a fo dec Mi P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab:
zap-V; dep-II; gro-II; ork-I; pst-II; put-II; kro-I; ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica).
Ficus carica L., n-v fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L7, T8, Hx, R5, Nx; at: IX (ADV, AS-AF); hab: zap-V; kor-IV;
kam-IV; kro-III; put-II; nop-II; ulk-II; zid-II, ziv-II; pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 60 (in dumetis Podgoriza); Rohlena 1942: 21 (Podgorica); Černjavski
et al. 1949 (Titograd); Bulić 1994:49 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 19 (Kuće Rakića).
Morus alba L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L8, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: ork-III, pot-II; ziv-II; kobI;
svp-I; zap-I, nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (culta ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 67 (Titogradsubspontanea);
Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica).
Morus nigra L., v fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L8, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS), hab: pot-I; kam-I; zap-I;
ork-I; kam-I; UNE
Literature source: -
NYCTAGINACEAE
Mirabilis jalapa L., a-aut Mes-Meg G tub; L6, T7, H4, Rx, N6; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-III; svp-I; kroI;
dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 71 (Podgorica).
NYMPHAEACEAE
Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC., rhiz nat HydG; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (euras); hab: rij; UFO
Literature source: -
OLEACEAE
Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl subsp. oxycarpa (M. Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Alfonso [syn. F. oxycarpa
Willd.], fo dec Mi P scap; L4, T8, H7, R7, N8; at: V (s.e.ev); hab: ork-III; UFO
Literature source: Fraxinus
ornus L. fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L5, T8, H2, R8, N3; at: V (eurimed-pont); hab: sik-V, kor-IV,
kam- III, ziv-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 70 (um Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 73
(Kuće Rakića).
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Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., fo semp Mi-Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab:
kro-I, zap-I, sik-I, pot-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 73 (Podgorica).
Ligustrum vulgare L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L7, T6, Hx, R8, Nx; at: V (ev-w.as); hab: ork-II, kor-II, ziv-II;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 70 (in Gebüschen bei Podgorica gemein); Černjavski et al. 1949: 77
(Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 107 (Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 73 (Dajbabe-Srpska).
Olea europea L. subsp. sativa (Loud.) Arcang., fo semp Mi-Mes P scap/P caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: II
(stenomed); hab: kam-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 70 (bei Podgorica vereinzelt cultiviert).
Phillyrea latifolia L. [syn. Phillyrea media L.], fo semp Mi P caesp; L5, T8, H4, Rx, N5; at: II (stenomed);
hab: sik-V, kam-III, kor-III; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 323 (Podgorica), Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna); Stešević 2002: 27
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 74 (Kuće Rakića).
Syringa vulgaris L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L6, T7, H5, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); UFI
Literature source: Beck & Szyszylowicz 1888: 128 (in dumetorum pagi Podgoriza); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
OENOTHERACEAE
Epilobium angustifolium L. [syn. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.], a Alt H scap; L6, T4, H4, Rx,
N4; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: krc-I; UFO
Literature source: Epilobium
dodonaei Vill. [syn. Chamaenerion palustre auct mult., non (L.) Scop., C. angistissimus (Weber.)
D. Sosn.], a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T6, H3, R7, N3; at: V (orof s.euro-kavk); hab: slj-I, kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 67 (Kuće Rakića).
Epilobium hirsutum L., a Mac-Meg H scap; L7, T8, H7, R6, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-III; UFO
Literature source: Epilobium
parviflorum Schreb., a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T6, H8, R6, N6; at: V (paleotemp); stip- pls-II; UFO
Literature source: Ludwigia
palustris (L.) Elliott., a Mes T rept; L7, T6, H9, R5, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Oenothera
biennis L., a-aut Mac-Alt H scap bienn; L9, T7, H3, Rx, N4; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-I,
svp-I, dep-I, pkg-I, pno-I; UNE
Literature source: -
OROBANCHACEAE
Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm., v-a Mes Par G; L7, T8, H3, R6, N4; at: VI (submed-atl); hab: kam-II; kor-I;
UFO
Literature source: Orobanche
gracilis Sm., v-a Mes Par G; L8, Tx, H4, Rx, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: kam-II; liv-II; akp-I;
kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica).
Orobanche minor Sm., v-a Mes Par G; L7, T6, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-II; akp-II; kam-II; kor-II;
gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica).
Orobanche ramosa L. subsp. ramosa, v Mi Par G; L7, T6, H4, R6, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam- I, liv- I
UFO
Literature source: Orobanche
ramosa L. subsp. nana (Reuter) Coutihno; v Mi Par G; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.euro-s.as);
hab: liv-V; akp-IV; gro-III; tra-III; svp-II; kor-II; gaz-II; dep-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 91 (Blok V).
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Orobanche reticulata Wallr., v Mes Par G; L8, T6, H3, R5, N4; at: V (c.euro); hab: liv-III; akp-II; kam-II;
kor-I; tra-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: -
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis articulata Savigny, a Mes G rhiz; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: nop-I, svp-I, zap-I,
dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2006: 98 (Podgorica).
Oxalis corniculata L., v-a Mi-Mes H rept; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: ulk-V; zap-IV; pkg- IV;
put-III; svp-III; dep-II; gaz-II; pot-II; nop-II; akp-I; kro-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 34 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994:89 (Srpska); Stešević 2002: 28
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 57 (Podgorica).
Oxalis stricta L. [syn. O. dillenii Jacq.], v-aut Mi-Mes H scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMN);
hab: ulk-I, put-I, pkg-I, nop-I, svp-I; UFI
Literature source: -
PAPAVERACEAE
Chelidonium majus L., a-aut Mes-Mac H semiros; L6, T6, H5, Rx, N8; at: V (euras); hab: zap-II; dep-II;
nop-I; ulk-I; svp-I; gro-I; UFI
Literature source: Glaucium
flavum Crantz, a Mes-Meg H scap; L11, T9, H1, R4, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: nop-II; dep-I; pnoI;
gro-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 33 (Kuće Rakića).
Papaver apulum Ten., v-a Mac T scap; L11, T1, H4, R9, Nx; at: III (n.e.med); hab: pko-II; dep-I; svp-I; nopI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 74 (in lapidosis et gramin. ad Podgorica reg. Mediterr.).
Papaver argemone L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L5, T7, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-II; svp-I;
zao-I; tra-I; zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 32 (Kuće Rakića).
Papaver dubium L., v-a Mac-Meg T scap; L6, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (e.med-turan); hab: zao-II; liv-I; nop-I;
zap-I; pas-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 18 (bei Podgorica).
Papaver rhoeas L., a Mac-Meg T scap; L6, T6, H5, R7, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-IV; zao-IV; dep-IV; groIV;
nop-III; svp-III; pko-III; kor-III; kam-II; zap-II; akp-II; pas-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 18 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994:64 (Rakića most, Kuće Rakića, Srpska);
Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 32 (Plavi Dvor, Tuški put, Agrokombinat, Kuće Rakića,
Tološi, Sastavci).
Papaver somniferum L., a Meg-Alt T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, EAS); hab: svp-I; UFI
Literature source: -
PITTOSPORACEAE
Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Aiton fil., fo semp NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab:
zap-I; pot-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 72 (Podgorica).
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago bellardii All., v-a Mi T ros; L11, T10, H3, R3, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V, kam-IV, liv-III,
gro-II, gaz-II, pot-II, dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 12 (in incultis et arenosis regionis inferioris ad Podgorica); Stešević 2002:
28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 93 (Agrokombinat, Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Plantago coronopus L., v-a Mi-Mes T ros; L8, T7, H7, R7, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: kro-IV, ulk-III, put-II,
akp-II, pko-II, gaz-II, pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 80 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 93 (Blok V).
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Plantago holosteum Scop. [syn. P. carinata Schrad. ex Mert. & W.D.J. Koch, non Moench], a Mi-Mes H
ros; L9, T8, H3, R7, N3; at: VII (orof. s.eu); hab: kam-V, akp-IV, liv-III, pko-III, gro-III; UFO Literature
source: Rohlena 1902b: 11 (in locis apricis circum Podgorica) & 1935: 13 (in campo ad Podgorica); Stešević
2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 93 (Dajbabska gora, Tuški put, Vranjske njive).
Plantago lanceolata L., a Mes-Mac H ros; L6, T7, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V, tra-V, gaz-V, groV,
zao-V, zap-V, pas-V, svp-V, ulk-IV, pno-IV, put-III, kro-III, pst-III, akp-II, dep-II, kam-II, nop-II, zar-II;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (bei Podgorica verbreitet) & 1912: 86 (auf dürren Stellen bei
Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 133 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 94
(Podgorica, Ćemovsko polje).
Plantago major L. subsp. major, v-a Mes-Mac H ros; L8, Tx, H5, Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: gaz-V, ulk-V,
gro-V, zao-IV, pas-IV, tra-IV, pno-IV, liv-III, svp-III, pst-III, slj-II, kro-II, zar-II, pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1991: 132 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 94 (Podgorica, Tuški put).
Plantago major L. subsp. intermedia (DC.) Arcang. [syn. P. intermedia DC.], a Mi-Mes H ros; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: IX (cosm); hab: gaz-II, ulk-II, tra-II, pkg- II, gro-I, liv-I, slj-I, kro-I, pko-I, UNE
Literature source : Hadžiablahović 2002: 20 (Podgorica).
Plantago media L., v Mes-Mac H ros; L7, Tx, H4, R8, N3; at: V (euras); hab: tra-I
Literature source : -
PLATANACEAE
Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. [syn. P. x hispanica Münch., P. hybrida auct.], fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: ork-III; kro-II; zap-II; put-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2008: 467 (Podgorica).
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala comosa Schkuhr, a Mi-Mes H scap; L8, T6, H3, R8, N2; at: V (c.euro-s.sib); hab: akp-IV, liv-IV,
kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 28 (bei Podgorica nicht selten, auch mit deutlichen Übergangsformen zu
der Polygala comosa Schkuhr subsp. nicaeensis Risso); Bulić 1994:94 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
Polygala monspeliaca L., v Mi T scap; L8, T8, H5, R7, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kor-I, akp-I, pas-I; UFO
Literature source: : (-)
Polygala nicaeensis Risso ex W.D.J. Koch subsp. mediterranea Chodat, v-a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: III (eurimed); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 120 (circa Podgorica).
Polygala vulgaris L., a Mes H scap; L7, T4, H5, R3, N2; at: V (euras); hab: liv-II, pas-II, vli-I; UFO
Literature source: -
POLYGONACEAE
Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve. [syn. Polygonum convolvulus L., Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.,
Fagopyrum convolvulus (L.) H. Gross.], v-aut Mes-Meg ST herb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VIII (cirkumbor);
hab: nop-II; pko-II; slj-I; zao-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Fallopia
dumetorum (L.) Holub [syn. Polygonum dumetorum L., Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.,
Fagopyrum dumetorum (L.) Schreb.], v-aut Meg-Alt ST herb; L6, T7, H4, R5, N6; at: VIII (eurosib); hab:
ork-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Persicaria
amphibia (L.) S. F. Gray [Polygonum amphibium L.], a rhiz nat HydG; L7, Tx, H11, Rx, N7; at:
IX (subcosm); hab: kan- I; UFO
Literature source: Persicaria
lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray [syn. Polygonum lapathifolium L.], a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L6, T6,
H7, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: pno-II; slj-II; zap-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 82 (bei Podgorica).
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Persicaria maculosa S. F. Gray [syn. Polygonum persicaria L.], a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L6, T5, H3, R7, N7;
at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-V; zao-V; dep-IV; pno-IV; ulk-IV; kro-III; svp-III; nop-II; tra-II; zar-I; zid-I;
UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 51 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 21 (Kuće Rakića).
Persicaria mitis (Schrank) Asenov [syn. Polygonum mite Schrank], a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T6, H8, Rx,
N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-III; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 51 (Kuće Rakića).
Polygonum arenastrum Boreau., a-aut Mes-Meg T rept; L7, T8, H3, R6, N1; at: IX (subcosm); hab: gaz-V;
pkg-V; gro-V; pst-IV; pko-IV; put-IV; ulk-III; tra-III; zar-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Polygonum
aviculare L., a-aut Mi-Meg T rept; L7, T7, H3, R6, N1; at: IX (cosm); hab: gaz-V; gro-V; zao-V;
zap-V; svp-V; pst-IV; pkg-IV; pko-III; tra-III; put-III; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 27 (frequens); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 21
(Podgorica, ruderalis).
Reynoutria japonica Houtt., a Alt H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: dep-I; zid-I; zap-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 73 (Podgorica).
Rumex acetosella L., v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T5, H5, R1, N2; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zao-IV; liv-III; akp-I;
dep-I; tra-I; svp-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 26 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 21
(Dajbabe, Aluminijumski kombinat, Kruševac).
Rumex aquaticus L., a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, Tx, H8, R7, N8; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: ork-II; UFO
Literature source: Rumex
conglomeratus Murray., a Meg H scap; L8, T7, H7, Rx, N8; at: V (euras); hab: vli-III; pno-III; slj-II;
liv-I; sik-I; svp-I; zao-I; zap-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 52 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 21 (Čepurci, the left riverbank of Morača,
Kuće Rakića).
Rumex crispus L., v-a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T5, H6, Rx, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-V; zao-IV; nop-III;
svp-III; dep-III; liv-III; pas-II; tra-II; gro-II; pko-II; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 25 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 21
(along the road Podgorica-Tuzi).
Rumex hydrolapathum Huds., v-a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T7, H10, R7, N7; at: V (euro); hab: ork-II; pno-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rumex
obtusifolius L. (incl. R. obtusifolius subsp. sylvestris Čelak, R. obtusifolius subsp. transiens
(Simkovics) Rech. fil.], a Meg H scap; L7, T5, H3, Rx, N9; at: IX (subcosm); hab: zap-III; liv-III; svp-III;
pno-III; pas-II; vli-II; tra-II; nop-II; pko-II; dep-II; slj-I; kor-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rumex
patientia L. [syn. R. kerneri Borb. apud Rech. fil.], a Alt H scap; L7, T6, H3, R6, N7; at: V (euroturan);
hab: zap-IV; svp-III; pot-III; liv-III; dep-II; kor-II; zao-II; pno-II; slj-II; nop-II; tra-I; pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rumex
pulcher L., v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T8, H2, R6, N9; at: III (eurimed); hab: gaz-V; svp-V; zap-V;
zao-IV; liv-IV; pas-IV; tra-IV; pst-III; put-III; pko-II; slj-II; kam-II; dep-II; ulk-II; nop-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 13 (in incultis, fruticosis, et ad vias prope Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 23
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 22 (Tuški put).
Rumex sanguineus L., a Meg H scap; L4, T5, H8, R7, N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-II; vli-II; pno-II; zapI;
UNE
Literature source: -
PORTULACACEAE
Portulaca oleracea L., a Mes T scap; L7, T8, H4, R7, N7; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zap-V; pkg-V; ulk-V;
zao-IV; put-IV; pko-IV; pno-IV; kor-IV; dep-IV; svp-IV; gro-IV; gaz-III; nop-III; zar-III; akp-II; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 36 (circa Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
PRIMULACEAE
Anagallis arvensis L., v-a Mi T rept; L6, T6, H5, Rx, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: akp-V, gro-IV, liv-IV, kor-IV,
svp-III, kro-III, zao-III, dep-II, pkg-II, tra-II, put-I, nop-I, pst-I, ulk-I, zar-I, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 11 (in campo ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 107 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 72 (Podgorica).
Anagallis foemina Mill. [syn. A. caerulea Schreb., non L., A. arvensis subsp. caerulea Hartman, A. arvenisis
subsp. foemina (Mill.) Schnitz & Thell.], v-a Mi T rept; L8, T7, H4, R9, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: akp-III,
liv-III, gro-II, kam-II, kro-I, pko-I, svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 11 (in campo ad Podgorica) & 1904: 78 (Podgorica).
Asterolinum linum-stellatum (L.) Duby, v Mi T scap; L11, T9, H3, R3, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V;
pot-V; kor-IV; kam-IV; pko-III; gro-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 79 (in der Podgoricer ebene nicht selten); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton [syn. C. neapolitanum Ten.], a-aut Mi G tub; L4, T8, H5, R5, N5; at: III
(n.med); hab: sik-V, kam-III, pas-III, tra-I, ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 72 (Kuće Rakića).
Lysimachia nummularia L., v-a Mi-Mes Ch herb rept; L4, T6, H6, Rx, Nx; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-V, vliV,
pno-II, tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 78 (bei Podgorica gemein).
Lysimachia vulgaris L., a Mac-Meg H scap; L7, Tx, H9, Rx, Nx; at: V (euras); hab: pls- III, vli-II, pno-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 243 (donja Zeta prope Podgorica).
Primula vulgaris Huds., n-v Mi H ros; L6, T5, H5, R7, N5; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-II, ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: -
PUNICACEAE
Punica granatum L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L9, T8, H4, Rx, N4; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: sik-V, kam-V, kor-V,
nop-III, akp-II, zap-II, svp-II, dep-I, gro-I, kro-I, pkg-I, put-I, ulk-I, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 88 (circa Podgoriza); Rohlena 1905: 49 (um Podgorica); Černjavski et
al. 1949: 74 (Vranići); Bulić 1994:99 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 67 (Ćemovsko polje).
RANUNCULACEAE
(-) Adonis annua L., [syn. A. autumnalis L., A. microcarpa DC.], v Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N2;
at:V (euro)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 13 (Podgorica).
Anemone apennina L., n-v Mi-Mes G rhiz; L5, T5, H4, R5, N5; at: III (i.submed); hab: sik-II; UFO
Literature source: Anemone
hortensis L., n-v Mes G rhiz; L8, T8, H4, R4, N3; at: III (sj. med); hab: liv-V; akp-V; gro-V; kamV;
zao-V; pas-V; sik-V; tra-V; dep-III; svp-III; pno-II; zap-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Titograd, Vranići); Bulić 1994: 62 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 30 (Omerbožovići, Kuće Rakića).
Aguilegia vulgaris L., a Mac-Meg H scap; L6, T6, H4, R7, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult, E) hab: svp-I.
Literature source: Caltha
palustris L., v Mac-Meg H scap; L7, Tx, H8, Rx, Nx; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: ork-II; pls-II; UFO
Literature source: -
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 71
Clematis flammula L., a S lig; L7, T9, H3, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-IV; ziv-IV; kor-IV; kam-III;
nop-II; zap-II; svp-II; liv-II; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 6 (in fruticetis ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Vranići);
Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 30 (Kuće Rakića).
Clematis vitalba L., a S lig; L7, T7, H5, R7, N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-IV; ziv-IV; kor-IV; kam-III;
nop-III; zap-III; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 6 (in Gebüschen bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 30 (the left riverbank of Morača).
Clematis viticella L., a S lig; L7, T7, H4, R6, N3; at: V (s.e.europ-c.as); hab: ork-III; vli-II; liv-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 12 (in Gebüschen um Podgorica und Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 62 (Srpska).
Consolida regalis Gray [syn. C. regalis Gray subsp. arvensis (Opiz) Soó, Delphinium consolida L., D.
consolida L. arvensis (Opiz) Graebn.], v-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L9, T7, H4, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab:
liv-IV; gro-IV; sik-III; kam-II; kor-II; akp-III; zao-II; svp-II; nop-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 63 (frequens); Bulić 1994: 61 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević
2002: 30 (Gorica).
Delphinium peregrinum L., a-aut Mes T scap; L8, T7, H3, R4, N3; at: V (j.i. ev); hab: liv-III; sik-III; kor-II;
kam-I; svp-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 61 (Kuće Rakića); Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Vranići); Stešević 2002
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 29 (the left riverbank of Morača, Ljubović, Kuće Rakića).
Nigella arvensis L., a Mes T scap; L8, T7, H3, R9, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II; kam-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Vranići); Hadžiablahović 2010: 29 (Blok V, Tuški put,
Ržanički most).
Nigella damascena L., a Mes T scap; L8, T9, H3, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; akp-V; sik-IV; kamIV;
gro-IV; kor-III; pas-III; svp-II; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 16 (bei Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 61 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević
2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 29 (Dajbabska gora, Tuški put, Ržanički most).
Ranunculus arvensis L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L6, T6, H4, R8, Nx; at: V (paleotemp).
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 16 (auf Feldern um Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 63 (Ćemovsko polje,
Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 30, 31 (Dajbabe, Aluminijumski kombinat, Tološi, Kruševac).
Ranunculus bulbosus L. subsp. bulbosus, v-a Mes-Mac H semiros; L8, T6, H3, R7, N3; at: V (euras); hab:
kam-II; liv-II; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Ranunculus bulbosus subsp. aleae (Willk.) Roy. & Fouc. [syn. R. neapolitanus Ten.], v-a Mes-Mac H
semiros; L7, T7, H4, R5, N5; at: III (n.e.med); hab: pas-V; svp-IV; liv-IV; zao-IV; zap-III; tra-III; gro-III;
vli-III; pno-II; pst-II; ulk-II; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 71 (in graminosis ad Podgorica reg. Mediterr.); Hadžiablahović 2010: 31
(Tološi).
Ranunculus chius DC., v Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T7, H7, R5, N4; at: III (e.med); hab: pno-I; vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Ranunculus
circinatus Sibth., nat-sbm rad HydT; L7, T6, H12, R5, N4; at: V (euras); hab: kan; rij; UFO
Literature source: Ranunculus
ficaria L. subsp. calthifolius (Rchb.) Arcang. [syn. Ficaria calthifolia Rchb.], n-v Mi-Mes G
tub; L4, T5, H6, R7, N7; at: III (c.e.submed-pan); hab: sik-V; pas-V; tra-V; pot-V; zao-IV; liv-IV; kam-III;
svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 63 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
31 (Park Njegoš, Kuće Rakića).
Ranunculus illyricus L., v Mes G tub; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Ranunculus
marginatus D’Urv, a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T5, H8, R7, N5; at: II (stenomed); hab: vli-III; pno-III;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 71 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 63 (Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
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72
Ranunculus millefoliatus Vahl., v-a Mes G tub; L8, T7, H4, R7, N3; at: IV (med-mont); hab: liv-V; kam-V;
sik-IV; pas-IV; tra-IV; gro-III; pst-I; nop-I; pno-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 68 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 31
(Duvanski kombinat, Omerbožovići).
Ranunculus muricatus L., v Mi-Mes T semiros; L9, T8, H3, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: ulk-IV; pot-IV;
tra-III; pst-III; vli-II; svp-II; sik-II; pas-II; gro-II; liv-I; zap-II; kro-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 16 (um Podgorica verbreitet).
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Vill., v-a Mes T scap; L7, T7, H8, R6, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: pls-II; pno-I;
UFO
Literature source: Ranunculus
paludosus Poiret [syn. R. flabellatus Desf.], v Mes H semiros; L11, T9, H2, R7, N2; at: IX
(stenomed-turan); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Ranunculus
polyanthemos L., v Mac-Meg H scap; at: III (n.eurimed); L4, T4, H4, R4, N4; hab:pls-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 20010: 31 (Srpska).
Ranunculus repens L., v Mes-Mac H rept; L6, Tx, H7, Rx, N7; at: IX (subcosm); hab: vli-I; UFO
Literature source : Ranunculus
sardous Crantz, v-a Mes-Mac T semiros; L8, T7, H8, Rx, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: pno-V; vliIV;
tra-III; zap-II; svp-II; pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 16 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 64 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix [syn. R. paucistamineus Tausch, R. divaricatus (Schrank) Wimm.,
Batrachium paucistaminaeum Tausch], rad nat-sbm HydT; L7, Tx, H12, Rx, Nx; at: IX (subcosm); hab: kan
IV; rij- I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 16 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 70 (Titograd); Bulić 1994: 63
(Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 32 (Kuće Rakića).
Thalictrum aquilegifolium L., a Meg-Alt H scap; L5, T4, H8, R7, N8; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: ork-II; ziv-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 13 (um Podgorica).
Thalictrum flavum L., a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, Tx, H8, R8, Nx; at: V (euras); hab: ork-I; vli-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:64 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Thalictrum lucidum L. [syn. T. angustifolium Jacq. non L.], a Meg-Alt H scap; L6, T7, H8, R7, N6; at: V
(s.e.ev); hab: ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 13 (an nassen Stellen verbreitet, um Podgorica reg. infer. mediterr.)
(-) Thalictrum minus L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L6, Tx, H3, R8, N3; at: V (euras); UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 69 (Titograd).
RESEDACEAE
Reseda lutea L., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T6, H3, R8, N4; at: V (euro); hab: nop-II; akp-I; pko-I; liv-I;
zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 71 (Ćemovsko polje, Srpska).
Reseda phyteuma L., v-aut Mes T scap; L11, T9, H3, R3, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: pko-IV; gro-IV; kamIV;
zap-IV; svp-IV; liv-III; akp-III; kor-II; pkg-II; dep-II; ulk-II; put-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 71 (Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 39 (Plavi Dvor, Kuće Rakića).
RHAMNACEAE
Frangula alnus Mill. [syn. Rhamnus frangula L.], fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L6, T5, H7, R5, N5; at: V (c.eurokavk);
hab: pls-I, ork-I, pot- I; UFO
Literature source: Frangula
rupestris (Scop.) Schur [syn. Rhamnus rupestris Scop.], fo dec NP caesp; L7, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: I
(ilir); hab: kam-II, pot-II, kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Baldacci 1891b: 66 (ad coenobium Moracae, secus viam e Bioce ad Podgoritzam); Bulić
1994: 95 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića).
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Paliurus spina-christi Mill., fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L7, T8, H3, R7, N3; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: kam-V,
sik-V, kor- III, nop-III, akp-II, zap-II, pas-II, ziv-II, liv-I, dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Baldacci 1904: 680 (Kakaricka gora) & 1891a: 470 (lungo la Morača, in via per
Podgoritza); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Momišići); Bulić 1994: 95 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002:
30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 63 (Ćemovsko polje).
Rhamnus orbiculatus Bornm. [syn. Rhamnus sagorski Bornm.], fo dec N P caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I
(adriat); hab: kam- IV, sik- III, kor-II, akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 35 (auf Hügeln in der Umgebung von Podgorica- Zelenika, Ljubović, Malo
Brdo); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 63 (Dajbabska gora).
Ziziphus jujuba Mill. [syn. Z. vulgaris Lam.], fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L7, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: IX (ADV, kult,
AS); hab: dep-I, pot-I, ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 25 (Donja Zeta bei Podgorica).
ROSACEAE
Agrimonia eupatoria L., a Mac H scap; L7, T6, H4, R8, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: pas-IV; zap-III; svp-III; livIII;
sik-II; nop-II; tra-II; kor-II; zao-I; pkg-I; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 47 (um Podgorica, Kokoti verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Titograd,
Vranići); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Aphanes arvensis L., N-Mi T scap; L6, T5, H6, R4, N5; at: IX (subcosm), UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 43 (Dajbabska gora).
Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald., a Alt H scap; L4, T5, H6, Rx, N8; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Cotoneaster
divaricatum Rehd. & Wils., fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab:
dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Cotoneaster
horizontalis Dcne., semp NP caesp, L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: svp-I;
UFI.
Literature source: Crataegus
monogyna Jacq., fo dec NP caesp; L6, T7, H4, R6, N3; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam-V; sik-V;
ziv-III; kor-III; pot-I; dep-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 48 (um Podgorica verbreitet, im Gebüsche am Kakaracka gora nächst
Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:73 (Vranići, Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:78 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Cydonia oblonga Mill. [syn. C. vulgaris Pers.], fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult,
AS); hab: zap-I; ziv-I; kor-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 48 (in Podgorica cult.)
Filipendula vulgaris Moench [syn. F. hexapetala Gilib., Spirea filipendula L.,], a Mac-Meg H semiros; L8,
T7, H4, R7, N3; at: V (c.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-III; vli-II; kam-II; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 19 (in pratis ad Podgorica (c.10m) & 1942: 162 (Podgorica, Kakaricka
gora).
Fragaria vesca L., v H rept; L6, Tx, H4, Rx, N5; at: IX (cosm)
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Vranići).
Fragaria viridis Duchesne [syn. F. collina Ehrh.], a Mes H rept; L6, T7, H4, R7, N4; at: VIII (eurosib); hab:
sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 44 (bei Podgorica und Kokoti).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
74
Geum urbanum L., a Mac H semiros; L4, T5, H5, R6, N7; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: zap-V; gro-IV; pas-IV;
tra-IV; sik-III; liv-III; svp-III; dep-II; akp-I; pst-I; ulk-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 47 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 76 (Kuće Rakića);
Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Malus sylvestris Mill., fo dec Mi P scap; L7, T5, H5, R7, N5; at: V (c.euro-kavk); hab: ork-II; ziv-I
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Vranići).
Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex DC., n-v Mi H ros; L5, T6, H4, R8, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Potentilla
recta L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T7, H3, R7, N3; at: V (med-pont); hab: liv-IV; akp-III; kam-III;
gro-III; svp-III; kor-III; nop-II; zap-II; pas-II; nop-I; kro-I; pkg-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 46 (bei Podorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić
1994: 77 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Potentilla reptans L., a-aut Mes H rept; L6, T6, H6, R7, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: ulk-IV; svp-IV; zap-III;
pkg-III; dep-III; tra-III; liv-III; gaz-III; nop-II; pko-I; pno-I; zar-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 46 (um Podgorica) & 1942: 146 (frequens); Bulić 1994:76 (Kuće Rakića,
Srpska); Stešević 2002: 30 (Gorica).
Prunus avium L., fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L4, T5, H5, R7, N5; at: V (submed-(z.pont)-j.atl-j.c.ev); hab: ork-I;
pot-I
Literature source: Bulić 1994:79 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., fo dec Mi P scap; L9, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: kor-III; ziv-III;
sik-II; pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Prunus
cerasus L. [syn. Cerasus vulgaris Mill.], v fo dec Mi P scap; L8, T7, H3, R8, Nx; at: IX (ADV, kult,
AS); hab: ork-I
Literature source : Prunus
domestica L. [syn. P. communis Huds.], fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV,
kult, AS)
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 122 (in Podgoriza cultum); Rohlena 1942: 162 (In collibus ad
Podgorica inquilina).
Prunus mahaleb L., fo dec Mi P caesp; L7, T5, H3, R8, N2; at: V (s.e.europ-pont); hab: sik-II; ziv-II; ork-I,
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 163 (Lješanska nahija, Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. [syn. Amygdalus persica L., Persica vulgaris Mill.], v fo dec Mi P caesp; L0,
T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: zap-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Prunus
spinosa L., fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L7, T5, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: ork-II; pls-II; pot-I;
sik-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Prunus
webbii (Spach) Vierh., v Mi-Mes P caesp; L8, T8, H2, R7, N2; at: III (e.med); hab: kor-III; kam-II;
ziv-II; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1973: 81 (Ćemovsko polje, along Cijevne); Pulević & Lakušić 1983 (Cijevna);
Bulić 1994: 79 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Pyrracantha coccinea M.J. Roemer, fo semp NP caesp; L5, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, med-EAS);
hab: zap-I; svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Pyrus
amygdaliformis Vill., fo dec MiP scap; L7, T8, H4, R3, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-II; kor-II; kamI;
ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 46 (auf Hügeln bei Podgorice); Černjavski et al. 1949: 73 (Titograd); Bulić
1994: 77 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 75
Rosa agrestis Savi, fo dec NP caesp; L8, T7, H3, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-III; kam-II; liv-II; nop-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rosa
andegavensis Bastard, fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VI (submed-subatl); hab: kam-III; sikII;
kor-II; ziv-II; nop-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rosa
canina L. [syn. R. canina L. subsp. dumalis (Bechst.) Arcang. pro parte], fo dec NP caesp; L8, T5, H4,
Rx, Nx; at: V (paleotemp); hab: ziv-IV; kam-IV; kor-III; sik-III; pas-II; nop-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 152 (Podgorica).
Rosa corymbifera Borkh. [syn. R. dumetorum Thuill.], fo dec Mi P caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V
(paleotemp); hab: kam-II; ziv-II; kor; akp-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 152 (Donja Zeta prope Podgorica).
Rosa gallica L., fo dec NP caesp; L7, T7, H4, R7, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: sik-I,UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 150 (Farmaki, Podgorica).
Rosa obtusifolia Desv. [syn. R. tomentella Lém.], fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (z.c.submedatl-herc);
hab: ziv-I; sik-I; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rosa
sempervirens L., fo semp NP caesp; L6, T8, H3, R4, N6; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-III; ziv-II; kam-II;
kor-II; svp-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 150 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Vranići).
Rubus caesius L., fo dec NP rept; L7, T5, H7, R7, N9; at: V (euras); hab: pls-I; ork-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1933: 13 (in campo ad Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 74 (Srpska).
Rubus canescens DC., fo dec NP rept; L7, T7, H4, R0, N5; at: III (n.med); hab: kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rubus
ulmifolius Schott, fo dec NP rept; L5, T8, H4, R5, N8; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V; sik-V; ziv-IV;
zap-IV; svp-III; pas-III; nop-IV; kor-III; gro-III; liv-III; akp-II; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Vranići).
Sanquisorba minor Scop. subsp. minor, a Mes-Mac H semiros; L7, T6, H3, R8, N2; at: IX (cosm), hab: akp:
Literature
source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 72 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 75 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića, Srpska).
Sanquisorba minor Scop. subsp. muricata Briq. [syn. S. muricata Gremli, Poterium polygamum Waldst. &
Kit.], a Mes-Mac H semiros; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (submed); hab: liv-V; gro-V; zap-V; svp-V; tra-IV;
kam-IV; akp-IV; gaz-III; nop-III; kor-II; pkg-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 48 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2009: 42 (Dajbabe, Tološi- pine forest,
Kuće Rakića),
Spirea × vanhouttei (Briot) Zabel., fo dec NP caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult); hab: pot-I; UFI
Literature source: -
RUBIACEAE
Asperula aristata L. fil. subsp. scabra (J.Presl & C.Presl.) Nyman [syn. Asperula aristata L. subsp.
longiflora (Waldst. & Kit) Hayek], a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IV (med-mont); hab:
kam-V; kor-IV; pot-III; akp-III; liv-III; gro-II; svp-I; put-I; dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 326 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 91
(Ržanički most).
(-) Asperula arvensis L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R9, N4; at: III (eurimed).
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 24 (in arvis, incultis et ad vias regione inferioris, ad Podgorica); Bulić
1994: 110 (Kuće Rakića).
Asperula scutellaris Vis., a Mes-Mac Ch suffrut; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-sk.pind); hab: pot-V; kor-III;
kam-II; zid-I; nop-I; UFO.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
76
Literature source: Rohlena 1902: 24 (in scopulis riparum fluvii Morača ad Podgorica) & 1942:326; Bulić
1994: 110 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 91 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički
most).
Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. [syn. Galium vernum Scop.], v-a Mac H scap; L5, T6, H5, R6, N6; at: V
(euras); hab: vli-II; liv-I; sik-I; pno-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Cruciata
laevipes Opiz [syn. Galium cruciata (L.) Scop.], v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T6, H5, R5, N5; at: V
(euras); hab: liv-III; zao-III; pot-III; svp-III; gro-II; kor-II; pas-II; dep-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 331 (frequens); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Galium aparine L., v-aut Mac-Alt ST herb; L6, Tx, H4, R5, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V; gro-IV; pot-IV;
ziv-IV; dep-III; liv-III; nop-III; sik-III; svp-III; ulk-II; pst-I; put-I; tra-I; zid-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 56 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 91
(Duvanski kombinat, KBC, Studentski dom).
Galium divaricatum Pourr. ex Lam., v-a Mi T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-III;
kam-II; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 92 (Agrokombinat).
Galium elongatum C. Presl., a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T5, H8, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: pls-II; vli-I;
pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Galium
lucidum All., a Mac H scap; L8, T8, H3, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V; kor-V; pot-V; akpIII;
nop-III; svp-II; zid-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Galium mollugo L., a Mac-Alt H scap; L6, T5, H5, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: zap-IV; liv-III; svp-III;
kor-III; ziv-II; gro-II; slj-II; zao-II; nop-II; put-I; dep-I; pno-I; pst-I; tra-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:111 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 92 (left
river bank of Morača, Kuće Rakića, Tuški put).
Galium murale (L.) All., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-II; pas-II;
kam-II; pot-I; kro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 331 (Podgorica).
Galium palustre L., v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T5, H8, R5, N3; at: V (euro-w.as); hab: pls-II; UFO
Literature source: Galium
parisiense L. [syn. G. anglicum Huds.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T8, H2, R3, N1; at: III (eurimed);
hab: akp-III; kor-II; pot-I; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 53 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 92 (Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Tološka
šuma).
(-) Galium pumilum Murray., a Mes H scap; L7, T4, H4, R2, N2; at: V (euro-w.as); UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 78 (Ćemovsko polje).
Galium verum L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T6, H4, R7, N3; at: V (euras); hab: liv-III; zao-II; kam-I; gro-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Rubia peregrina L., semp S lig; L5, T9, H4, R5, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 23 (in sepibus et vineis ad Podgorica).
Rubia tinctorum L., v-a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, med-AS); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 332 (Podgorica).
Sherardia arvensis L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T6, H5, R8, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; akp-V; kam-V;
pas-V; gro-V; svp-V; zao-IV; kor-IV; ulk-IV; gaz-III; zap-III; pst-III; dep-III; pot-III; nop-II; put-I; pkg-II;
zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 77 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 110 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 91 (Agrokombinat, Tološka šuma).
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Valantia muralis L., v N-Mi T scap; L11, T9, H2, R3, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V; kor-V; pot-V; pkoIV;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 56 (an Mauern bei Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 93 (Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
RUTACEAE
Dictamnus albus L., a Mac-Meg Ch suffrut; L5, T6, H3, R7, N2; at: V (euro-s.sib); hab: kam-I, sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 35 (um Gebüsch nächst Dajbabska gora bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 94
(Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 61 (Kuće Rakića, Sastavci).
Ruta graveolens L. [syn. R. divaricata Ten.], a Mac Ch suffrut; L9, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: V (subpont-med);
hab: kam-II, sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 35 (Kokoti, Lješanska nahija).
SALICACEAE
Populus alba L., v fo dec Mi P scap; L5, T8, H5, R8, N6; at: V (paleotemp); hab: ork-I; pls-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Populus
italica (Du Roi) Moench [syn. P. nigra L. cv “Italica”], v fo dec Mes P scap; L6, T5, H5, Rx, Nx;
at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: ork-II, kro-I; zap-I; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 19 (circa Podgorica); Bulić 1994:45 (Srpska).
Populus nigra L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T7, H8, R7, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: ork-III; zap-I; pot-I; depI;
spv-I, UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 17 (Kuće Rakića).
Populus tremula L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L6, T5, H5, Rx, Nx; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: ork-II; pls-I, pot-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (bei Podgorica ziemlich häufig).
Salix alba L., n-v fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T6, H7, R8, N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: ork-V; pls-V; zap-II; put-I;
nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (um Podgorica); Bulić 1994:45 (Srpska, Kuće Rakića).
Salix cinerea L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L7, T4, H9, R5, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: pls-III; ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Salix
elaeagnos Scop. [syn. S. incana Schrank], v fo dec Mi P caesp; L7, T5, H7, R8, N4; at: VII (orof
S.EURO); hab: ork-III; pko-I; akp-I; nop-I; zid-I, UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (Podgorica) & 1942: 20 (circa Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 16
(Kuće Rakića).
Salix fragilis L., n-v fo dec Mes P scap; L5, T5, H8, R5, T6; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: ork-II; pls-I, pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:45 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Salix purpurea L., v fo dec Mi P scap; L8, T5, Hx, R8, Tx; at: V (euras temp); hab: pls-III; ork-I; UFO
Literature source: -
SANTALACEAE
Osyris alba L., semp NP caesp; L7, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-II; kor-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 20 (Kuće Rakića).
Thesium divaricatum Jan ex Mert. & Koch, v-a Mes-Mac H scap; L11, T8, H2, R4, N1; at: III (eurimed);
hab: akp-III, liv-II; kam-II; kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 82 (Velje brdo bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 50 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 20 (Dajbabska gora).
SAPINDACEAE
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: dep-I,
pot-I, ulk-I; UFI
Literature source: -
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78
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Ribes vulgare Lam. [syn. R. rubrum L., R. sylvestre (Lam.) Mert.& W.D.J. Koch], a fo dec NP caesp; L4,
Tx, H8, R6, N6; at: V (c.euro); hab: ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Beck & Szyszylowicz 1888: 86 (in Podgoriza cultum).
Saxifraga tridactylites L., n-v Mi T semiros; L8, T6, H2, R7, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; potV;
kor-III; kro-III; svp-II; zid-II; nop-II; pkg-II; put-II; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 52 (um Podgorica und Kokoti verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 72
(Titograd); Bulić 1994: 73 (Ćemovsko polje, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 40
(Agrokombinat, Ćemovsko polje).
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Antirrhinum barrelieri Boreau, a Mes H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, med- E); hab: zap-I;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 73 (Podgorica).
Antirrhinum majus L., a-aut Mes-Mac Ch suffrut caesp; L11, T8, H2, Rx, N1; at: IX (ADV, kult, med- E);
hab: zap-II; kro-II; dep-I; pot-I; pko-I; zid-I; pkg-I; UFI
Literature source: Chaenorhinum
minus (L.) Lange, v-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T6, H4, R8, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: pko-V;
slj-V; kor-III; akp-II; dep-I; kro-I; nop-II; pkg-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: (-)
Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. subsp. visianii D.A.Webb [syn. Linaria cymbalaria
(L.) Mill.], a Mi-Mes H scap; at: IX (subcosm)
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 74 (an Mauern und feuchten Felsen bei Podgorica).
Cymbalaria microcalyx (Boiss.) Wettst. subsp. ebelii (Cufod.) Cufod., a Mi H scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I
(ilir); hab: pot-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 88 (Kuće Rakića).
(-) Euphrasia pectinata Ten. [syn. Euphrasia tatarica Fisch.], a-aut Mi T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III
(eurimed); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1903: 48 (bei Podgorica c. 30m).
Gratiola officinalis L., a Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T7, H9, R5, N5; at: VIII (cirkpol); hab: vli-IV; UFO
Literature source: Kickxia
commutata (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Fritsch, v-a Mes-Mac H rept; L8, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: II (stenomed);
hab: zao-III; liv-III; pas-II; svp-II; gaz-II; akp-I; pko-I; sik-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 88 (Tološka šuma).
Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort. subsp. crinita (Mabille) W. Greuter [syn. Linaria elatine (L.) Mill. subsp.
sieberi (Reichenb.) Hayek, Linaria sieberi Reichenb., L. crinita Mabille], v-a Mes T scap; L8, T7, H4, R5,
N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: zao-I; liv-I; zid-I; svp-I; gaz-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Kickxia
spuria (L.) Dumort., a-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L8, T7, H4, R5, N4; at: V (euras); hab: zao-I; liv-I; pasI;
UFO
Literature source: Linaria
genistifolia (L.) Mill., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T7, H4, R4, N2; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: tra-I
Literature source: Stešević 2006: 69 (Republika Crnogorskih Serdara, Podgorica).
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. subsp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm. [syn. L. dalmatica (L.) Mill.], a MesMeg
H scap; L11 T9, H2, R7, N2; at: I (apen-hel-ilir-balk); hab: kam-II; kor-I; sik-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 74 (Podgorica).
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Linaria pelisseriana (L.) Mill., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H3, R7, N2; at: VI (med-atl); hab: kam-III; kor-II;
gro-II; pas-II; tra-II; vli-II; zao-II; nop-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 7 (in cultis planitiei Podgoricensis) & 1942: 264 (circa Podgorica);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 88 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka
šuma).
Linaria vulgaris Mill., a-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T5, H3, R7, N3; at: V (euras); hab: zao-V; liv-IV; zap-IV;
gro-III; nop-III; dep-III; pas-III; pko-III; svp-III; tra-II; akp-II; vli-II; kor-II; sik-II; put-I; zar-I; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 128 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Melampyrum barbatum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. carstiense Ronniger, a Mes T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: V (se. euro); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Misopates
orontium (L.) Raf., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: V (paleotemp); hab: svp-I;
par-I
Literature source :Parentucellia
latifolia (L.) Caruel, a Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R3, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; liv-V;
gro-V; kam-V; pot-V; tra-IV; zao-IV; kor-IV; svp-III; pas-III; nop-II; zap-II; pkg-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:76 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 90 (Dajbabska gora, Tološka šuma).
Rhinanthus mediterraneus (Sterneck) Adamović, a T Mes T scap; L7, T5, H3, R7, N2; at: III (eurimed), hab:
ats-II, atp-V; hab: liv-II; kam-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 90 (Tuške pjaca).
Scrophularia canina L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L8, T8, H3, R8, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; liv-V; nopIV;
gro-IV; pko-IV; kam-IV; zap-III; dep-III; sik-III; zao-II; slj-II; pno-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 128 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 87 (Kuće Rakića, Podgorica).
Verbascum blattaria L., a Mac-Meg H semiros bienn; L8, T6, H3, R7, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: pas-IV; livIV;
svp-III; zap-III; zao-III; kam-III; sik-II; gro-II; vli-II; nop-I; pst-I; dep-I; tra-I; pno-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1924: 44 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 87 (Podgorica).
Verbascum chaixii Vill. subsp. austriacum (Schott. ex Roemer & Schult.) Hayek [syn. V. austriacum Schott
ex Roemer & Schultes], a Meg-Alt H scap; L7, T6, H5, R7, N7; at: V (euro-w.as); hab: liv-I; pas-I
Literature source: Verbascum
niveum Ten. subsp. visianum (Rchb.) Murb. [syn. Verbascum macrurum sensu Hayek], a Mac H
semiros bienn; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (dinar-alb); hab: kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 258 (Podgorica).
Verbascum phlomoides L., a Mes-Meg H semiros bienn; L7, T8, H3, R7, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: svp-II;
zap-II; nop-II; pko-II; dep-II; slj-II; sik-I; liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Verbascum
phoeniceum L., a Meg-Alt H semiros bienn; L7, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-V;
pas-V; akp-III; gro-III; kam-III; sik-II; tra-II; svp-II; zao-I; pst-I; kor-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 73 (bei Podgorica häufig); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica).
Verbascum pulverulentum Vill., a Meg-Alt H semiros bienn; L9, T6, H7, R3, N9; at: V (c.euro); hab: zap-V;
liv-V; zao-V; kam-IV; dep-III; kor-III; akp-III; tra-III; gro-III; nop-III; pot-II; pko-II; slj-II; pkg-II; kro-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1924: 44 (um Podgorica nich selten); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 87 (Kuće Rakića).
Verbascum sinuatum L., v-a Mec-Alt H semiros; L9, T8, H3, R7, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: nop-I; zap-I;
svp-I; tra-I,UNE
Literature source: -
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80
Veronica acinifolia L., v Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T8, H7, R4, N3; at: V (c.se.euro); hab: pls-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 74 (um Podgorica verbreitet).
Veronica agrestis L., v-aut Mi-Mes T scap; L5, T4, H6, R7, N7; at: V (europ); hab: zao-II
Literature source: Veronica
anagallis-aquatica L., a Mes-Meg H scap; L7, T6, H9, R7, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-IV; pno-I;
kan-III; UFO
Literature source: Veronica
anagalloides Guss., a-aut Mes-Mac T scap; L7, Tx, H9, R7, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: pno-II; plsII;
UFO
Literature source: Veronica
arvensis L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L5, T5, H5, R6, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; akp-V; zao-V; groV;
pas-V; tra-V; svp-V; pot-V; pst-III; gaz-III; put-III; ulk-III; zid-II; kro-I; nop-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 74 (an grasigen Stellen und Kokoti verbreitet); Černjavski et al. 1949: 76
(Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994: 130 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 89 (Dajbabska gora, Tološka šuma).
Veronica austriaca L. subsp. austriaca [syn. V. austriaca L. subsp. jacquinii (Baumg.) J. Maly], a Mes-Mac
H scap; L7, T7, H3, R7, N2; at: V (se. euro); hab: liv-II; sik-I; pas-I; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 271 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica, as Veronica austriaca L. subsp.
dentata (F.W. Schmidt) Watzl), Hadžiablahović 2010: 89 (Dajbabska gora).
Veronica beccabunga L., a Mes-Mac H rept; L7, Tx, H10, R7, N6; at: V (euras); hab: pno-I; kan-I; UFO
Literature source: Veronica
chamaedrys L., v Mi-Mes H scap; L6, Tx, H4, Rx, Nx; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: sik-I; liv-I; tra-I;
UFO
Literature source: Veronica
cymbalaria Bodard, n-v Mi-Mes T rept; L7, T7, H4, R3, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: pot-III; ulk-III;
kam-II; put-II; pst-II; svp-II; gaz-I; kro-I; liv-I; nop-I; zap-I; pkg-I; zid-I; pko-I; akp-I; UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 270 (Podgorica).
Veronica hederifolia L., v Mi-Mes T scap; L6, T6, H5, R3, N7; at: V (euras); hab: zao-II; tra-II; zar-I; zid-I,
svp-I
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 89 (Sastavci).
Veronica officinalis L., v Mi-Mes H rept; L5, Tx, H4, R2, N3; at: V (euras); hab: sik-II; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Veronica
persica Poiret [syn. V. tournefortii C. C. Gmelin], n-aut Mi-Mes T rept; L8, T7, H5, R5, N6; at: IX
(ADV, kosm, AS); hab: liv-V; tra-V; gro-V; svp-V; zao-V; zap-V; pas-V; akp-IV; gaz-V; ulk-IV; pkg-III;
pot-III; zar-III; dep-III; put-II; nop-II; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 31 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 90 (Duvanski kombinat, Kuće Rakića).
Veronica polita Fr., v-aut Mi-Mes T rept; L5, T6, H4, R8, N7; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zao-II; svp-II; tra-II;
zap-I; pas-I; liv-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Veronica serpyllifolia L., a Mi H rept; Lx, Tx, H3, R5, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-II; vli-II; liv-II; sik-I;
UFO
Literature source: -
SIMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, fo dec Mes P scap; L6, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: zap-V,
gro-V, ork-IV, sik-IV, kam-IV, dep-III, nop-III, pas-III, pot-III, ziv-III, liv-II; zao-II, pkg-II, pno-II, put-II,
pko-II, akp-I, pst-I, tra-I, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:94 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica), Hadžiablahović 2010:
61 (Ljubović).
SOLANACEAE
Capsicum annuum L., a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, N7; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMC); hab: nop-I
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 133 (in Podgoriza cultum); Bulić 1994: 126 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko
polje).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 81
Datura stramonium L., a-aut Meg-Alt H scap; L9, T8, H3, R5, N7; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: zap-V; dep-V;
pko-V; slj-V; pko-IV; zao-IV; svp-II; liv-II; akp-I; nop-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 126 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 87 (Tuški put),
Stešević & Drescher 2010: 12 (D. stramonium var. tatula, Podgorica city area).
(-) Hyoscyamus albus L., a Mac T scap; L8, T8, H2, Rx, N9; at: III (eurimed); hab: dep-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 72 (bei Podgorica).
Hyoscyamus niger L., a Mes-Meg T scap/H scap bienn; L8, T8, H2, Rx, N9; at: V (euras); hab: svp-I; UFI
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 126 (Kuće Rakića).
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. [syn. Solanum lycopersicum L. var esculentum (Mill.) Hay.], a Mes-Meg T
scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, N7; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMS, AMC); hab: slj-II; zao-I; pno-I; dep-I; UFI
Literature source: Petunia
× hybrida Hort., a Mes-Mac T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMS); hab: zap-I; depI;
UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 73 (Podgorica).
Physalis alkekengi L., a-aut Mes-Meg G rhiz scap; L6, T7, H7, R5, N6; at: V (euras); hab: sik-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Solanum
dulcamara L., a S lig; L7, T5, H8, Rx, N8; at: V (paleotemp); hab: ork-II; vli-II; kor-II; sik-I; zap-I;
ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 126 (Kuće Rakića).
Solanum eleagnifolium Cav., a-aut Mes-Meg Ch suffr; L9, T9, H2, Rx, N1; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: zap-I;
tra-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović et al. 2003: 145 (Podgorica).
Solanum luteum Mill., a-aut Mac-Meg T scap; L7, T6, H3, R5, N7; at: III (eurimed); hab: svp-I
Literature source: Solanum
nigrum L., v-aut Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T6, H3, R5, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-V; dep-V; gro-IV;
pas-IV; pot-IV; liv-IV; pko-IV; slj-IV; svp-III; pno-III; nop-II; pst-II; zar-I; kro-I; pkg-I; UNE. Literature
source: Rohlena 1905: 72 (bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 126 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 86
(Čepurci).
Solanum tuberosum L., a Meg T scap; L7, T7, H5, R5, Nx; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: dep-I; svp-I
Literature source: -
TAMARICACEAE
Tamarix dalmatica Baum, fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: II (stenomed); stip: ork-II; svp-I,
zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 67 (Kuće Rakića).
Tamarix parviflora DC., fo dec N-Mi P caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, hort); hab: ork-II; svp-I,
zap-I; UFO
Literature source: -
THELIGONIACEAE
Theligonium cynocrambe L. [syn. Cynocrambe prostrata Gaertn.], v Mi-Mes T succ; L11, T9, H2, R3, N4;
at: II (stenomed); hab: zid-I, kam-I
Literature source: -
THYMELAEACEAE
Thymelaea passerina (L.) Coss & Germ. [syn. Passerina arvenisis Lam.], a Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T7, H3,
R7, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-III, liv-II, kor-II, kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 13 (in collibus apricis ad oppidum Podgorica versus Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 63 (Ržanički most, Omerbožovići).
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82
TILIACEAE
Tilia tomentosa Moench [syn. T. argentea DC.], fo dec Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.e.europw.as);
hab: ork-II, zap-I, kro-I, nop-I, svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 33 (Kokoti) & 1942: 110 (Kokoti); Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica).
Tilia platyphyllos Scop., fo dec Mes P scap; L3, T5, H5, Rx, N7; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: zap-I, ork-I;
UFI
Literature source: -
ULMACEAE
Celtis australis L., v fo dec Mes P scap; L7, T8, H3, R7, N4; at: III (med); hab: zap-II; put-I; ulk-I; gro-I;
kro-I; dep-I; zid-I; ziv-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942:22 (Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:68 (Titograd); Bulić 1994:49 (Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica), Hadžiablahović 2010: 18 (Ljubović).
Ulmus minor Mill. subsp. minor [syn. U. caprinifolia G. Suckow, U. foliacea sensu Hyek, U. glabra Mill.,
non Hudson], n fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L5, T7, Hx, R8, Nx; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: ork-IV; kam-I; pls-I; sikI;
ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (Podgorica) & 1933: 19 (circa Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 68
(Titograd).
Ulmus minor subsp. canescens (Melville) Browicz & Ziel. [syn. U. canescens Melville], n fo dec Mi-Mes P
scap; L6, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: III (med), hab: ork-III; kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 18 (Dajbabska gora).
Ulmus × holandica Mill. [syn. U. glabra × U. minor], n fo dec Mi-Mes P scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V
(europ), hab: ork-I.
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 18 (Dajbabe-Srpska).
URTICACEAE
Parietaria judaica L. [syn. P. vulgaris Hill, P. officinalis auct., non L., P. diffusa Mert. & W.D.J.Koch], vaut
Mes-Mac H scap; L7, T8, H3, Rx, N6; at: III (eurimed.makar); hab: zap-V; pot-V; zid-V; kam-II, kro-II,
tra-II; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 85 (bei Podgorica gemein); Bulić 1994: 49 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović
2010: 19 (Stara Varoš, Kuće Rakića, Sastavci, Ržanički most).
Parietaria lusitanica L., v Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T10, H3, R4, N6; at: II (stenomed); hab: zid-IV; pot-III; kamI;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902a: 15 (in fissuris murorum et rupium ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:
68 (Titograd, Kruševac); Bulić 1994: 50 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Parietaria officinalis L., v-aut Mes-Meg H scap; L4, T8, H5, R7, N7; at: V (c.euro-med); hab: pot-II; kor-I;
tra-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 23 (Podgorica).
Urtica dioica L., v-aut Mes-Meg H scap; Lx, Tx, H6, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-III; liv-II; svp-II, orkII;
gro-I; kam-I; pok-I; dep-I; pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 22 (frequens); Stešević 2002:32 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 19
(Podgorica).
Urtica urens L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L7, T6, H5, R7, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 84 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 49 (Cijevna); Hadžiablahović 2010: 19 (Kuće
Rakića).
VALERIANACEAE
Valeriana tuberosa L., a Mes G tub; L11, T4, H5, R7, N3; at: IV (med-mont); hab: kam-IV; akp-II; kor-II;
liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica).
Valerianella coronata (L.) DC., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-II; liv-II;
kor-I; UFO
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 83
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 58 (um Podgorica nicht selten); Bulić 1991: 134 (Ćemovsko polje).
Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich, a Mes T scap; L7, T5, H4, R7, Nx; at: VI (submed-subatl); hab: zao-III;
liv-II; pas-II; akp-I; sik-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 56 (Podgorica).
Valerianella discoidea (L.) Loisel., a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-I;
kor-I; liv-I; pko-I; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Valerianella
eriocarpa Desv., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-III; liv-III;
gro-II; pas-II; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 56 (bei Podgorica nicht selten); Černjavski et al. 1949: 78 (Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1991: 134 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica).
Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr., [syn. V. olitoria (L.) Pollich], v-a Mes T scap; L7, T5, H5, R7, Nx; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-IV; zao-IV; akp-III; gro-III; pas-III; tra-III; pot-II; zid-II; nop-II; pst-II; svp-II; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 78 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1991: 134 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević
2002 (Gorica).
Valerianella muricata (Steven ex M. Bieb.) J.W. Loudon [syn. V. truncata (Rchg.) Betcke], v-a Mi-Mes T
scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-III; liv-III; gro-III; kor-III; akp-II; pas-II; UFO
Literature source: Valerianella
pumila (L.) DC., a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-II; liv-II;
kor-I. grp-I; svp-I; pko-I, nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Valerianella
rimosa Bastard, v-a Mi-T scap; L6, T7, H4, R7, Nx; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II; zao-II; pas-II;
sik-I; svp-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Valerianella
turgida (Steven) Betcke, v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R5, N1; at: III (e.med); hab: liv-V;
gro-IV; akp-III; kam-III; kor-III; svp-II; mop-II, pas-I; tra-I; UNE
Literature source: -
VERBENACEAE
Verbena officinalis L., a-aut Mes-Mac H scap; L9, T5, H4, Rx, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-V, gro-V, liv-V,
pas-V, svp-IV, akp-III, zao-III, pkg-III, pko-II, pno-II, sik-II, dep-II, ulk-II, put-II, kro-II, nop-II, pst-II, traII,
zar-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 76 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Bulić 1994: 115 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević
2002: 32 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78 (Podgorica).
Vitex agnus-castus L., fo dec NP caesp; L11, T11, H7, Rx, N2; at: IX (stenomed-tur); hab: slj-IV; kor-III;
nop-III; pno-III; pko-II; akp-I; zap-I; dep-I; svp-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Horak 1898 (Podgorica), Rohlena 1905: 76 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 115 (Kuće Rakića,
Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 78 (Kuće Rakića).
VIOLACEAE
Viola kitaibeliana Schult., v N-Mi T semiros; L9, T6, H3, R5, N2; at: V (med-kavk); hab: kam-III, kor-III,
zao-II, liv-II, nop-II, pko-I, gaz-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1924: 42 (um Podgorica c. 50m) & 1942: 105 (circa Podgorica, Lješanska
nahija); Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica).
Viola odorata L., v Mi-Mes H semiros; L5, T6, H5, Rx, N8; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-III, pas-II, tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 32 (Gorica).
Viola tricolor L., a Mes T scap; L7, Tx, H5, Rx, N6; at: V (euras); hab: liv-II, nop-I, zao-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 26 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994: 97 (Kuće Rakića).
VITACEAE
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planchon, a S lig; L5, T7, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: kroI,
zap-I, zid-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 73 (Podgorica).
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Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera, a S lig; L6, T8, H6, R8, N6; at: IX (ADV, kult, EAS); hab: kor-I, pot-I, nopI,
svp-I, zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Beck & Szyszylowicz 1888: 80 (circa Podgoriza culta).
Vitis vinifera L. subsp sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi, a S lig; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (paleotemp); hab:
ork-III, kor-III, put-I, pot-I, svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 65 (Kuće Rakića).
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Tribulus terrestris L., a-aut Mes-Meg T rept; L8, T8, H2, R5, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: gaz-V, dep-V, gro-V,
zap-V, svp-V, nop-IV, put-III; UNE
Literature source: Baldacci 1892: 539 (Lješkopolje); Bulić 1994:91 (Ćemovsko polje), Hadžiablahović 2010:
58 (Duvanski kombinat).
MONOCOTYLEDONES
ALISMATACEAE
Alisma plantago-aquatica L., rhiz emer HydG; L7, Tx, H10, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: pno-II; vli-I; UFO
Literature source: -
AMARYLLIDACEAE
Allium ampeloprasum L., v-a Meg-Alt G bulb; L7, T7, H3, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: zao-I; pot-I; svp-I;
gro-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Allium
carinatum L., a Mes-MacG bulb scap; L9, T7, H3, R6, N3; at: VI (submed-subatl); hab: kam-II; sik-
I,UFO
Literature source: Allium
cepa L., a Meg-Alt G bulb; L8, T8, H6, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, c.AS); hab: zao-I; svp-I; dep-I
Literature source: Allium
flavum L., a Mes-Mac G bulb; L8, T5, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: kor-II; kam-I; liv-I; sik-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 91 (bei Podgorica).
Allium guttatum Steven subsp. dalmaticum (A. Kern. & Janch.) Stearn [syn. A. dalmaticum A.Kern. &
Janch.], a-aut Mes-Mac G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir); hab: kam-III; kor-III; liv-III; gro-II; akp-II;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 429 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 115
(Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Sastavci).
Allium guttatum Steven subsp. sardoum (Moris) Stearn. [syn. A. margaritaceum Sm.], v-a Mes-Mac G bulb;
L11, T8, H3, R6, N3; at: II (stenomed); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1903: 57 (bei Podgorica c. 30m); Hadžiablahović 2010: 115 (Ržanički most).
Allium moschatum L., a Mi-Mes G bulb; L8 T7, H3, R5, T6; at: V (se. euro); hab: kor-I, UFO
Literature source: Bulić 2008 (Podgorica, Kuče Rakića).
Allium paniculatum L., a Mac-Meg G bulb; L7, T7, H3, R5, N6; at: V (paleotemp), hab: ats-VI, atp-V; hab:
kor-II; sik-I; pot-I; liv-I; svp-I; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2009: 115 (city centre).
Allium porrum L., v Meg-Alt G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, med-E); hab: kor-II; sik-II;
kam-I; liv-I; zao-I; zap-I; pot-I; svp-I; nop-I; pno-I; zar-I
Literature source: Allium
roseum L., v-a Mac G bulb; L8, T8, H3, R6, N5; at: II (stenomed); hab: kor-II; akp-I; kam-svp-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1904: 91 (in der Ebene Donja Zeta bei Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 154 (Kuće
Rakića, Srpska).
Allium sativum L., a Mac-Meg G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: zao-I; pot-I
Literature source: Allium
scorodoprasum L., a Mac-Meg G bulb; L7, T6, H3, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab:vli-II; liv-I; pno-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: -
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Allium sphaerocephalon L., a Mes-Mac G bulb; L9, T8, H3, R8, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: kam-III; liv-III;
kor-II; pot-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Galanthus
nivalis L., n-v Mes-Meg G bulb; L5, T7, Hx, R7, N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: sik-V; pot-III, pas-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (bei Podgorica nicht selten); Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 116 (Kuće Rakića).
Leucojum aestivum L., a Mes-Meg G bulb; L6, T5, H7, R7, N7; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-III; UFO
Literature source: Narcissus
pseudonarcissus L., v Mac-Meg G bulb; L7, T8, H4, R5, N3; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: kor-I;
svp-I; zap-I; UFI
Literature source: Sternbergia
colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit., aut N G bulb; L9, T4, H3, R5, N2; at: V (submed-pont); hab: kamI;
UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 17 (Gorica).
Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., aut Mi-Mes G bulb; L6, T6, H4, R5, N4; at: IV (med-mont);
hab: sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević & Lakušić 1983: 23 (Rakići: Nijagara, Duklja); Bulić 1991:156 (Kuće Rakića).
ARACEAE
Arum italicum Mill., v Mes G rhiz scap; L6, T8, H4, R5, N5; at: II (stenomed) hab: sik-V; pot-V; kam-III;
pas-III; tra-II; gro-II; ziv-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:168 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
132 (Dajbabska gora).
ASPARAGACEAE
Agave americana L., a NP caesp; L9 T10, H2, Rx, N2; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: svp-I;
Literature source: Pulević 2005: 147 (Kuće Rakića, Duklja).
Asparagus acutifolius L., semp S lig; L6, T9, H2, R5, N5; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-V; pot-V; kam-II; zivIV;
pas-II; nop-II; gro-II; liv-I; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (Im Gebiete der Mediterranflora bei Podgorica gemein); Bulić 1991:
155 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 114 (Kuće Rakića)
Asparagus tenuifolius Lam., a Mac-Alt G rhiz scap; L6, T7, H4, R6, N5; at: V (se.euro-w.as); hab: sik-I;
zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (um Podgorica verbreitet).
Hyacinthella dalmatica (Baker) Chouard, v Mi G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (adriat); hab: akp-III; korIII;
UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1971: 73-76 (Cijevna bei Titograd); Pulević & Lakušić 1983:17 (Cijevna); Pulević
1983a: 43 (bei Titograda); Bulić 1991: 153 (Kuće Rakića).
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. [syn. M. tubiliflorum Steven], v Mes G bulb; L7, T8, H3, R7, N0; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-V; pas-V; kam-III; akp-III; zao-II; sik-II; tra-II; gro-II; zap-II; pst-II; kor-II; pot-II; depI;
svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (bei Podgorica nicht selten); Černjavski et al. 1949:81 (Ćemovsko
polje); Bulić 1991: 153 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 114
(KBC, Tološi).
Muscari neglectum Guss. & Ten. [syn. M. racemosum (L.) Lam. & DC.], v Mi-Mes G bulb; L7, T7, H4, R6,
N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-IV; kam-III; kor-III; sik-II; akp-II; tra-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:81 (Titograd).
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Ornithogalum collinum Guss. [syn. O. gussonei Ten.., O. teniufolium Guss.], v Mi G bulb; L7, T7, H2, R6,
N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-V; kam-V; kor-V; liv-V; gro-IV; pas-III; pot-III; tra-IV; sik-II; pno-I; put-I;
svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949: 81 (Titograd, Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1991: 153 (Ćemovsko polje,
Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica).
Ornithogalum excapum Ten., v Mi G bulb; L11, T9, H2, R6, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-II; kam-II; groII;
liv-II; kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Ornithogalum
narbonense L. [syn. O. pyramidale subsp. narbonense (L.) Ascherson & Graebner]; a Mes G
bulb; L8, T7, H4, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (bei Podgorica verbreitet).
Ornithogalum sphaerocarpum A. Kern., a Mes-Mac G bulb; L6, T7, H4, R6, N4; at: V (se.euro-w.as); hab:
sik-II; kam-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Ornithogalum
umbellatum L., v Mi-Mes G bulb; L5, T6, H5, R7, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: tra-II; kor-II;
zao-II; sik-I; pas-II; liv-I; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 113 (Dajbabe).
Ruscus aculeatus L., a Mac-Meg Ch frut; L4, T8, H4, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-V; pot-IV; ziv-III;
gro-II; kam-II; pas-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (im Gebiete der Mediterranflora bei Podgorica) & 1942: 436
(Podgorica); Bulić 1991: 155 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 18 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 114 (Kuće
Rakića).
Scilla autumnalis L., a-aut Mi G bulb; L8, T8, H2, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V; liv-V; gro-V; akpIV;
kor-IV; pas-III;gaz-I; sik-II; tra-II; svp-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 114 (Kuće Rakića, Podgorica).
Scilla vindobonensis Speta [syn. S. montenegrina Speta), v Mi-Mes G bulb; L5, T6, H6, R7, N6; at: V (medw.pont);
hab: sik-III; kam-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Speta 1976: 66 (Vranjske njive).
BUTOMACEAE
Butomus umbellatus L., rhiz emer HydG; L6, T0, H10, R0, N8; at: V (euras); hab: ork-I; UFO
Literature source: -
COLCHICACEAE
Colchicum visianii Parl., a-aut Mes G bulb; L5, T5, H6, R7, Nx; at: I (apen-ilir); hab: sik-III; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Colchicum hungaricum Janka, n Mi-Mes G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-sk.pind-mez); hab: akp-V;
kam-V; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1974: 59 (bei Titograd); Pulević 1990: 86 (bei Titograda); Bulić 1991: 152
(Ćemovsko polje, Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica).
COMMELIACEAE
Commelina communis L., a-aut Mes-Meg H rept; L7, T6, H8, R6, N2; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: ulk-III; zap-II;
put-II; dep-I; tra-I; zar-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 119 (Blok V).
Tradescantia virginiana L., a-aut Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; L7, T6, H8, R6, N2; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab:
kro-I; zar-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 69 (Podgorica).
CYPERACEAE
Carex acuta × elata, v Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L7, T4, H9, R6, N4; hab: vli-II; UFO
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Literature source: Carex
caryophyllea Latourr. [syn. C. verna Chaix], v Mi-Mes G rhiz caesp; L8, T5, H4, Rx, N2; at: V
(euras); hab: kam-V; pas-V; liv-IV: akp-III; sik-III; gro-II; svp-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 22 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 133 (Studentski dom, Tološka šuma).
Carex distachya Desf., v-a Mes-Mac H caesp; L6, T6, H2, R4, N5; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-III; sik-II;
pas-II; liv-II; svp-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 449 (Podgorica).
Carex distans L., v-a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-IV; liv-II; kam-I; zao-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 98 (in Gebiete der Mediterranflora bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994:169
(Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 133 (Kuće Rakića).
Carex divisa Huds., v-a Mi-Mes G rhiz caesp; L8, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: VI (eurimed- atl); hab: vli-III; liv-II;
svp-I; kam-I; nop-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Carex divulsa Stokes subsp. divulsa, v-a Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L7, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab:
pas-V; tra-IV; liv-III; kam-III; zap-III; svp-III; gaz-II; sik-II; pst-II; ulk-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 121 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 133 (Blok V, Dajbabe, Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Carex divulsa Stokes subsp. leersii (Kneuck.) W. Koch [syn. C. polyphylla Kar. & Kir., C. pairaei F.W:
Schultz subsp. pairaei var. leersii (Kneuker) Kük.], v Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L6, T7, H3, R5, N5; at: V
(euras); hab: pas-II; put-I; svp-I
Literature source: Carex
elata All., v-a Mes-Alt H caesp; L8, T5, H10, Rx, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-III; UFO
Literature source: Carex
flacca Schreb. [syn. C. glauca Scop.], v-a Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L7, T5, H6, R8, Nx; at: V (euro);
hab: liv-V; kam-III; gro-III, pas-III; akp-II; zao-II; pot-II; svp-II; kro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 95 (bei Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 134 (Dajbabska gora, Tološka
šuma).
Carex hallerana Asso, v Mes-Mac H rhiz caesp; L5, T7, H3, R3, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-II; akp-II;
kor-I; sik-I; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 96 (Podgorica auf trockenen und felsigen Stellen verbreitet);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 134 (Aluminijumski kombinat).
Carex hirta L., v Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L7, T6, H6, Rx, N5; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: liv-III; kor-II; pot-I;
kam-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 134 (Dajbabe, OŠ “M.M.Burzan”).
Carex olbiensis Jord., v Mes-Mac H caesp; L4, T8, H3, R4, N4; at: II (stenomed); hab: pas-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 97 (im Gebiete der Mediterranflora bei Podgorica).
Carex otrubae Podp., v Mes-Mac H caesp; L9, T5, H9, Rx, N5; at: VI (eurimed-atl); hab: vli-III, pno-III;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Carex
paniculata L., v Meg H caesp; L7, T5, H9, R9, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: pls-I; ork-I; UFO
Literature source: Carex
spicata Huds. [syn. C. contigua Hoppe.], v-a Mes-Mac H caesp; L7, T6, H4, R5, N5; at: V (euras);
hab: vli-IV; liv-II; pno-II; kor-I; tra-I; pas-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 449 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 135 (Tološka šuma).
Carex tomentosa L., v Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L7, T5, H7, R9, Nx; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: vli-II; pno-I; svpI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 95 (im Gebiete der Mediterranflora bei Podgorica nicht häufig).
Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, v Alt G rhiz caesp; L9 Tx, H10, R9, N3; at: IX (subcosm); hab: vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Cyperus
flavescens L., a-aut Mi-Mes T caesp; L6, T6, H9, R5, N5; at: IX (subcosm); hab: kro-II; slj-I; pko-I;
UNE
Literature source: -
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Cyperus longus L., rhiz emer HydG; L8, T7, H11, R5, N5; at: V (paleotemp); hab: pls-III; pno-II; pot-II;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 171 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 133 (Kuće Rakića).
Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult., a Mi G rhiz; L8, T6, H10, R5, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: pno-I;
UFO
Literature source: Eleocharis
mamillata H. Lindb., rhiz emer HydG; L8, T6, H10, R3, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-II; vli-I;
UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 12 (Tuški put, Mareza).
Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. [syn. Scirpus palustris L.], rhiz emer HydG; L8, T6, H10, R3,
N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-III; ulk-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905:93 (bei Podgorica).
Scirpus holoschoenus L. [syn. Holoschoenus vulgaris Link, Scirpus holoschoenus L. var. australis (L.)
Koch.], s Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L8, T7, H8, R5, N4; at: VI (med-atl); hab: kro-III; slj-III; zap-III; pko-III;
liv-II; kam-II; nop-II; pno-II; pas-I; ulk-I; pkg-I; akp-I; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 93 (an Sumpfwiesen bei Mosor nächst Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010:
133 (Ljubović, Kuće Rakića, Ribnica).
Scirpus lacustris L. subsp. lacustris [syn. Schoenoplectus lacustris (L.) Palla], rhiz emer HydG; L8, T5, H11,
R7, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-IV; ork-II; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Scirpus
lacustris L. subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmelin) Syme [syn. S. tabernaemontani C.C.Gmelin,
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Gmel.) Palla], rhiz emer HydG; L8, T7, H10, R8, Nx; at: VIII (eurosib);
hab: pls-II; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Scirpus
maritimus L. [syn. Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla], a Alt rhiz emer HydG; L8, Tx, H10, R8,
N5; at: IX (cosm) ; hab: pls-II; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: -
DIOSCOREACEAE
Tamus communis L., a rhiz SG herb; L5, T7, H5, R8, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: sik-V; ziv-V; pot-IV; zapII;
svp-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (um Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 23 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 117 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića).
HYDROCHARITACEAE
Vallisneria spiralis L., rad sbm HydG; L6, T5, H12, R5, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan; UFO
Literature source : -
LEMNACEAE
Lemna trisulca L., er sbm HydT; L8, Tx, H12, R7, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan; UFO
Literature source: (-)
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., er nat Hyd T; L7, T6, H12, Rx, N7; at: IX (subcosm); hab: rij; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2005: 105 (the mounth of river Zeta).
LILIACEAE
Erythronium dens-canis L., v Mi-Mes G bulb; L5, T5, H3, R6, N8; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 92 (um Podgorica).
Fritillaria messanensis Rafin. subsp. gracilis (Ebel) Rix, v Mes-Mac G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I
(dinar); hab: sik-I, UFO
Literature source: -
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Gagea amblyopetala Boiss. & Heldr., v Mi G bulb; L8, T5, H3, R4, N3; at: II (stenomed-or); hab: svp-I; livI;
sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2006: 69 (Podgorica, Sadine).
Gagea pusilla (F.W. Schmidt) Schult. & Schult. fil., n-v Mi G bulb; L4, T4, H3, R4, N4; at: V (se.euros.sib);
hab: sik-IV; kam-IV; kam-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Blečić & Pulević 1979: 192 (bei Titograda); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
IRIDACEAE
Crocus dalmaticus Vis. [syn. C. variegatus Hoppe], n Mi G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab:
sik-V; kam-IV; liv-II; akp-II; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 89 (auf Steinigen Ufern der Morača bei Podgorica); Pulević 1979: 203
(Velje brdo, brdo Gorica); Pulević & Lakušić 1983: 17 (Cijevna); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Crocus weldenii Hoppe & Fuernr., n Mi G bulb; L8 T7, H4, R6, N4; at: I (ilir-adriat); hab: kam-V; akp-II;
sik-II; gro-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1977: 85 (C. weldenii f. Lutescens, Velje brdo); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Gladiolus illyricus Koch., v-a Mes G bulb; L8, T6, H6, R8, N4; at: V (se.euro-kavk); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1931: 15 (grasige Stellen bei Podgorica) & 1942: 441 (Podgorica).
Gladiolus palustris Gaudin, v-a Mes G bulb; L8, T6, H6, R8, N4; at: V (c.euro); hab: liv-III; kam-III; sik-I;
vli-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 89 (auf Wiesen bei Podgorica verbreitet); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 118 (Dajbabska gora).
Iris tuberosa L. [syn. Hermodactylus tuberosus (L.) Mill.], v Mes-Meg G rhiz scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N3; at:
III (n.med); hab: kam-II; sik-II; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1983a:43 (Gorica bei Titograda); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
Iris pallida Lam., v Mes-Alt G rhiz caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (apen-cirkadriat); hab: kam-III; kor-II;
pot-II; nop-II; svp-II; liv-I; zid-I; sik-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942:440 (ad coenob. Morača).
Iris pseudacorus L., rhiz emer HydG; L7, T7, H10, R6, N7; at: V (euras); hab: pls-II; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:157 (Srpska).
Iris pseudopallida Trin., v Mac-Alt G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H3, R5, N4; at: I (s.e.dinar); hab: sik-I; kor-I; pot-I;
UFO
Literature source: Romulea
bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri, n-v N G bulb; L8, T9, H3, R4, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: kamV;
liv-V; gro-IV; akp-IV; kor-III; pot-II; tra-II; UNE
Literature source: Pulević 1982: 86 (bei Titograd); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 117
(Dajbabska gora).
Romulea linaresii Parl. subsp. graeca Bég., n-v N G bulb; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (balk); hab: kam-IV;
akp-III; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1982: 88 (Velje Brdo); Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović & Bulić 2004:
47 (Omerbožovići, Tuški put, Dinoško polje).
JUNCACEAE
Juncus anceps Laharpe, a Mes-Mac G rhiz caesp; L8, T5, H9, R3, N2; at: VI (med-atl); hab: pls-III; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1935: 10 (Podgorica).
Juncus bufonius L., a Mi-Mes T caesp; L4, T7, H6, R4, N1; at: IX (cosm); hab: kro-V; vli-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 92 (um Podgorica).
Juncus compressus Jacq., v-a Mi-Mes G rhiz caesp; L4, T5, H6, R4, N1; at: V (euras); hab: kro-IV; pls-III;
vli-II; UNE
Literature source: Juncus
conglomeratus L., v-a G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H8, R6, N5; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: vli-II; UFO
Literature source: Juncus
effusus L., a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H9, R6, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-III; vli-III; UFO
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Literature source: Juncus
inflexus L., a Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H8, R6, N5; at: V (paleotemp); hab: pls-III; UFO
Literature source: Luzula
forsteri (Sm.) DC., v Mes H caesp, a Mes H scap; L4, T7, H4, R4, N5; at: III (med); UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 92 (um Podgorica).
Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej. [syn. L. campestris (L.) DC. subsp. multiflora (Retz.) Buchenau], v-a Mes H
caesp; L7, Tx, H6, R5, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: sik-III; kam-III; liv-III; pas-III; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 120 (in de rniedrigeren und wärmeren Region, um Podgorica verbreitet);
Stešević 2002: 25 (Gorica).
ORCHIDACEAE
Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase [syn. Orchis coriophora L.], v-a MiMes
G tub; L7, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-IV; liv-II; kor-II; kam-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 137 (Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića).
Anacamptis morio (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. morio [syn. Orchis morio L.], v-a
Mi-Mes G tub; L7, T5, H4, R7, N3; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: akp-V; kam-V; liv-V; pas-III; kor-II; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 87 (auf Wiesen um Podgorica); Gölz & Reinhard 1986:782 (6,8km SSI
Titograd); Parolly 1991:234 (Cijevna, Kuće Rakića, Doljani, Smokovac); Bulić 1994:171 (Kuće Rakića);
Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 135 (Blok V).
Anacamptis morio subsp. caucasica (K. Koch) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius & H. Dietr. [syn. Orchis morio L.
subsp. albanica (Göltz & Reinhard) Butler], a Mes G tub; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (adriat); UFO
Literature source: Parolly 1991: 234 & 235 (8.5km JJZ Titograd, 2.7km ZSZ Titograd, 0.5km JZ Masline).
Anacamptis morio subsp. picta (Loisel.) Jacquet & Scappat [syn. Orchis morio L. subsp. picta (Lois.)
Arcang.], a Mes G tub; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: III (w.med-or); hab: akp- I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 136 (Ćemovsko polje near Agrokombinat).
Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. palustris [syn. Orchis
laxiflora Lam.], v-a Mes G tub; L8, T7, H6, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-V; liv-II; pot-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 88 (auf einer sumpfwiese bei Mosor nächst Podgorica); Parolly 1991: 231
(0,5km SW Masline).
Anacamptis papilionacea (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase [syn. Orchis papilionacea L.], v
Mes G tub; L8, T8, H3, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; gro-V; kam-V; liv-V; pas-IV; tra-IV; sik-II;
svp-II; zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 87 (bei Podgorica nicht häufig); Černjavski et al. 1949: 84 (bei Titograd);
Pulević & Bulić 1990: 86 (Ćemovsko polje, Cijevna, Vranjske njiva); Bulić 1994:171 (Ćemovsko polje,
Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 136 (Agrokominat, Dajbabska
gora).
Himantoglossum caprinum (M. Bieb.) Spreng., v-a Mes-Mac G tub; L7, T7, H3, R9, N2; at: II (stenomed);
hab: kam-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Neotinea
tridentata (Scop.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase [syn. Orchis tridentata Scop.], a Mes
G tub; L8, T6, H3, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Parolly 1991: 241 (Cijevna, 0,5km JZ Masline).
Ophrys apifera Huds., v-a Mes G tub; L7, T6, H4, R9, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Parolly 1991: 223 (Vranići, Velje brdo).
Ophrys bertolonii Moretti, v Mes G tub scap; L8 T9, H3, R6, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Ophrys
incubaceae Bianca [syn. O. sphegodes Mill. subsp. atrata (Lindl.) E. Mayer], v Mes G tub; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-III; kam-II; liv-II; kor-II; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Parolly 1991: 225 (Kuće Rakića, Bulić TGR!; 8,5km JJZ Titograd, 0,5km JZ Masline).
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Ophrys scolopax Cav. subsp. cornuta (Steven) E.G.Camus [syn. O. cornuta Steven, O. oestifera M.B. subsp.
balcanica (Soó) Hayek var. cornuta (Steven) Hayek], v Mes G tub; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (se. euro);
hab: akp-III; kam-II; liv-II; pas-I; kor-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 87 (um Podgorica nicht selten); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica).
Ophrys sphegodes Mill. [syn. O. aranifera Huds.], v Mes G tub; L8, T8, H4, R9, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab:
liv-II; akp-I; kam-I; kor-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 86 (Auf feuchten Wiesen um Podgorica nicht selten); Hadžiablahović
2010: 137 (Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Ophrys tenthredinifera Willd., v-a Mes G tub; L8, T9, H3, R6, N3; at: II (stenomed); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Orchis
provincialis Balb., v-a Mes G tub; L7, T7, H4, R6, N5; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-II; kam-I; liv-II,
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Orchis
quadripunctata Cyr., v-a Mi-Mes G tub; L6, T8, H3, R6, N3; at: II (stenomed-or); hab: sik-I; liv-I;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 87 (bei Podgorica selten).
Serapias lingua L., v Mes G tub; L11, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Serapias
vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. subsp. vomeracea, v-a Mes-Mac G tub; L11, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: III
(eurimed); hab: kam; liv; akp; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 494 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 135
(Agrokominat, Dajbabska gora, Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića).
Serapias vomeracea (Burm.) Briq. subsp. laxiflora (Soó) Gölz & Reinhard [syn. S. parviflora Parl. subsp.
laxiflora Soó], v-a Mes G tub; at: II (stenomed); hab: kam; liv; akp; UFO
Literature source: Parolly 1991: 247 (8,5km JJZ Titograd, Smokovac).
Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall., aut Mi-Mes G tub; L8, T6, H3, Rx, N2; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: kam-V;
akp-IV; pas-III-, liv-II; UFO
Literature source: Pulević 1973: 79 (Gorica); Gölz & Reinhard 1986:780 (3,5km JJZ Titograd); Parolly
1991:250 (Titograd, Duklja); Stešević 2002: 27 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 135 (Agrokominat,
Dajbabska, Kuće Rakića).
POACEAE
Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) Beauv. [syn. Lasiagrostis calamagrostis (L.) Link], a Meg-Alt H caesp; L9,
T7, H3, R8, N2; at: VII (s.euro-mont); hab: kam-III; pot-III; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 119 (Ržanički most).
Aegilops cylindrica Host, v Mes-Mac T scap; L11 T9, H5, R5, N5; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: nop-II
Literature source: Aegilops
geniculata Roth [syn. A. ovata L.- pro parte, Triticum ovatum (L.) Gre. & Gordon], v-a Mi-Mes T
caesp; L11, T10, H5, R5, N4; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: akp-V; liv-V; kam-V; gro-V; kor-IV; nop-III; gazIII;
tra-III; svp-III; pas-III; put-I; pst-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 34 (Podgorica frequens); Černjavski et al. 1949:83 (Ćemovsko polje);
Bulić 1994:163 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 125 (Blok V, Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most).
Aegilops neglecta Req. & Bertol. [syn. A. triaristata Willd., A. ovata L.- pro parte, Triticum ovatum var.
triaristatum Ascherson & Graebner], v-a Mi-Mes T caesp; L11, T12, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (eurimed-turan);
hab: liv-III; nop-III; akp-II; svp-II; pot-II; gro-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 34 (Podgorica frequens); Bulić 1994:162 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović
2010: 125 (Tološka šuma).
Aegilops uniaristata Vis. [syn. Triticum uniaristatum (Vis.) K. Richter], v-a Mi-Mes T caesp; L11, T9, H5,
R5, N5; at: I (cirkadriat); hab: liv-V; gro-IV; akp-III; kam-III; or-III; svp-II; nop-II; tra-I; UFO
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Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 35 (in campo Podgoricensis); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 125 (Ržanički most).
Agrostis canina L., a Mes H caesp; L8, Tx, H9, R3, N2; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: vli-V; pno-II; liv-I; kor-I;
UFO
Literature source: Agrostis
capillaris L. [syn. A. tenuis Sibth.], a Mes H caesp; L7, Tx, Hx, R3, N3; at: VIII (circumbor); hab:
sik-III; liv-II; pno-II; svp-II; pas-II; kam-I; UFO
Literature source: Agrostis
castellana Boiss. & Reut. [syn. A. castellana Boiss. & Reut. subsp. byzantina (Boiss.) Hackel.], v-a
Mes-H caesp; L8, T6, H4, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-III; svp-II; zao-II; pas-II; kor-II; pko-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 23 (in pratis et fruticetis ad Podgorica, in campo Lješkopolje od Farmaki,
circum Podgorica c. 40m); Hadžiablahović 2010: 128 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Agrostis stolonifera L. [syn. A. alba L.], a Mes-Mac H rept; L8, Tx, H6, Rx, N5; at: VIII (circumbor); hab:
pno-V, vliv-IV; slj-I; zar-II; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Aira elegantissima Schur [syn. A. capillaris Host], v-a Mes T scap; L8, T9, H2, R3, N1; at: III (eurimed);
hab: akp-V; liv-IV; kam-IV; kor-III; gro-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 25 (in incultis, pascuis et lapidosis regionis inferioris, ad Podgorica) &
1912: 128 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:82 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić 1994:164 (Kuće Rakića,
Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 127 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most,
Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Aira caryophyllea L. subsp. plesiantha (Jord.) K. Richt., v-a Mi T caesp; L11, T8, H3, R3, N1; at: VI (medatl);
hab: akp-III; liv-III; svp-I; kor-II; pas-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2006: 96 (Dinoško polje).
Alopecurus utriculatus (L.) Pers., v-a Mes T caesp; L8, T7, H8, R7, N8; at: III (eurimed); hab: vli-V; liv-III;
pas-III; zao-II; svp-II; gro-II; tra-II; put-I; pno-I; pst-I; dep-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 22 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:165 (Kuće Rakića).
Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss., v-a Mes T caesp; L7, T8, H3, R3, N2; at: VI (med-atl); hab: liv-II; kor-II;
sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Anthoxanthum
odoratum L., v-a Mes-Mac H caesp; Lx, Tx, Hx, R5, N3; at: V (euras); hab: liv-V; gro-V;
pas-IV; kam-III; tra-III; svp-III; akp-II; zao-II; pkg-II; pst-II; dep-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 21 (circum Podgorica); Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 128
(Tološka šuma).
Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag., v-a Mes T caesp; L7, T8, H3, R3, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 487 (Farmaci, Podgorica).
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex J. C Presl, a Meg-Alt H caesp; L8, T5, H5, R7, N7; at: V (paleotemp);
hab: liv-II; pot-II; slj-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 479 (Podgorica).
Arundo donax L., a-aut Alt G rhiz scap; L8, T9, H5, R5, N6; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: slj-I; zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Arundo
plinii Turra [syn. A. pliniana Turra], a-aut, Alt G rhiz; L11, T8, H4, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab:
svp-I
Literature source: Avena
barbata Pott ex Link, v-a Mes-Meg T caesp; L8, T8, H3, R7, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-V;
zap-V; zao-V; pas-V; tra-V; svp-V; gro-V; pst-IV; kam-IV; akp-III; dep-III; aop-III; pot-III; put-II; pkg-II;
ulk-II; kro-I; zar-I; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 25 (in incultis, lapidosis et ad sepes regionis inferioris frequens, ad
Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Dajbabska gora, Podgorica).
Avena sativa L., a Meg-Alt T caesp; L8, T7, H5, R6, N6; at: IX (ADV, kult, E); hab: svp-II; slj-I; zao-I
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 128 (Podgorica).
Avena sterilis L., v-a Mes-Meg T caesp; L8, T9, H3, R6, N4; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: svp-II; liv-I; zap-I;
UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994:163 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Avena sterilis L. subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Nyman, v-a Mes-Meg T caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX
(eurimed-turan); hab: svp-III; liv-III; zap-III; pko-III; nop-III; gro-II; slj-II; kam-II; pot-II; put-I; akp-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 128 (Mosori bei Podgorica) & 1942: 479 (Kokoti pr. Podgorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Blok V).
Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L11, T9, H1, R3, N2; at: IX (stenomed-turan;
hab: akp-III; liv-III; kor-II; kam-II; gro-I; pas-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912 : 131 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:83 (Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Dahna, Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički
most, Tološka šuma).
Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv., a Mes-Meg H caesp; L6, T5, H4, R7, N4; at: V (euras); hab: sik-III;
kor-III; pas-II; pot-II; nop-II; kam-II; akp-II; liv-II; ziv-II; pno-II; zap-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 131 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:162 (Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 28
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Kuće Rakića).
Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv., a Mes-Mac H caesp; L4, T5, H5, R6, N6; at: V (paleotemp); hab:
sik-II; pot-II; pas-II; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Kuće Rakića).
Briza maxima L., v-a Mes T caesp; L8, T10, H2, R4, N1; at: IX (subcosm); hab: liv-IV; gro-III; kam-III; pasII;
akp-II; nop-II; kor-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 463 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:160 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 28
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 122 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Briza media L., a Mes H caesp; L6, Tx, Hx, Rx, N2; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: kam-V; liv-V; gro-V; akp-III;
pas-III; sik-II; svp-II; tra-II; pst-I; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:160 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica).
Briza minor L., a Mi-Mes T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R4, N1; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam-III; akp-II; liv-I; pas-I; svpI;
UFO
Literature source: (-)
Bromus arvensis L., v-a Mes-Mac T caesp; L6, Tx, H4, R8, N0; at: VIII (eurosib)
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 455 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:161 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović
2010: 123 (KBC).
Bromus commutatus Schrad., v-a Mac-Meg T scap; L8, T5, H3, R8, N3; at: V (europ); hab: liv-V; akp-III;
gro-III; svp-II; tra-II; kro-II; kam-II; pst-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 32 (ad Podgorica frequens); Bulić 1994:162 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko
polje).
Bromus diandrus Roth., v-a Mac T scap; L8, T8, H3, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: zap-III; svp-III; pno-II;
dep-II; pko-I; nop-I; akp-I; pot-II; UNE
Literature source: Bromus
hordeaceus L. [syn. B. mollis L., incl. B. hordeaceus L. subsp. molliformis (Lloyd) Maire (syn. B.
molliformis Lloyd)], v-a Mes-Mag T caesp; L7, T6, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; zao-V; zap-V;
gro-V; pas-V; svp-V; akp-IV; pko-IV; tra-IV; kam-IV; dep-III; pst-II; kro-II;UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 32 (ad Podgorica frequens); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 123 (Dajbabska gora).
Bromus intermedius Guss., v-a Mes-Meg T scap; L7, T7, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-III; akp-II;
svp-II; tra-II; UNE
Literature source: -
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Bromus japonicus Thunb., v-a Mes-Mac T caesp; L7, T7, H3, R5, N3; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-III; svp-II;
nop-II; kro-II; tra-II; kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Bromus
madritensis L., v-a Mes-Mac T caesp; L8, T7, H3, Rx, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-V; liv-V;
kam-V; gro-V; zap-V; tra-V; svp-V; dep-IV; pst-IV; kro-III; put-II; gaz-II; nop-II; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 123 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most,
Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Bromus pannonicus Kumm. & Sendtn., v-a Mes-Meg H rept caesp; L8, T5, H3, R8, N3; at: V (s.eu); hab:
liv-III; kam-III; kor-II; pot-II; pas-II; sik-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 454 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 123 (Dajbabska gora).
Bromus racemosus L., v-a Mes T scap; L6, T6, H8, R5, N5; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: vli-IV; kro-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bromus
rigidus Roth. [syn. B. villosus Forsk.], v-a Mac T caesp; L8, T8, H4, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab:
zap-V; gro-IV, svp-IV; tra-III; liv-III; nop-III; pst-III; akp-II; dep-II; kam-II; ulk-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 455 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 28 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124
(Sastavci, KBC).
Bromus scoparius L., v-a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R6, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: akp-I; svp-I; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Bromus
secalinus L., v-a Mac T scap; L6, Tx, Hx, Rx, Nx; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: zao-II; liv-I; vli-I: UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Podgorica).
Bromus squarrosus L., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: V (paleotemp); hab: akp-II; liv-II; korII;
kam-II; sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 32 (ad Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949: 83 (Ćemovsko polje);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Tuški put).
Bromus sterilis L., v-a Mes-Mac T caesp; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N5; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: zap-V; svp-V;
pas-IV; akp-III; dep-IV; tra-IV; liv-IV; gaz-III; pkg-III; put-III; kam-III; nop-III; sik-II; pst-II; kro-II; pko-II;
ulk-II; slj-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 455 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 161 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska, Ćemovsko polje);
Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Dajbabska gora, Tološka šuma, Tuški put)
Bromus tectorum L., v-a Mes T caesp; L8, T6, H3, R8, N4; at: V (paleotemp); hab: nop-II; svp-II; akp-I; groI;
UNE
Literature source: Chrysopogon
gryllus (L.) Trin. [syn. Andropogon gryllus L.], a Meg-Alt H caesp; L9, T7, H3, R7, N3; at: V
(s.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-III; kam-II; kor-II; akp-II; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 20 (in campo Podgorica) & 1942: 490 (Podgorica, Kokoti); Bulić 1994:
167 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 132 (Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Cleistogenes serotina (L.) Keng [syn. Diplachne serotina (L.) Link], a-aut Meg H caesp; L8, T7, H4, R8,
N2; at: V (med-s.sib); hab: kam-III; liv-III; akp-III; gaz-II; kor-III; tra-II; pot-II; nop-I; pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica).
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., a-aut Mes G rhiz rept-caesp; L8, T8, H4, Rx, N4; at: IX (ADV, cosm, AS-AF);
hab: gaz-V; dep-V; gro-V; put-V; zap-V; pkg-V; pas-V; tra-V; ulk-V; svp-V; zao-IV; akp-III; kro-III; nopIII;
pst-III; pno-III; slj-III; liv-II; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 123 (um Podgorica nicht häufig); Bulić 1994:167 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko
polje).
Cynosurus cristatus L., v-a Mes-Mac H caesp; L8, T5, H5, R5, N4; at: V (euro-kavk); hab: vli-III; liv-II;
pot-II; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Cynosurus
echinatus L., a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-V; kam-V; gro-IV;
akp-III; svp-III; tra-II; kor-II; pas-II; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 464 (Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 122
(Podgorica).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 95
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy [syn. Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur., Triticum villosum (L.) M. Bieb.],
v-a Mes-Meg T scap; L8, T10, H2, R4, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: liv-V;svp-V, gro-V; kam-IV; pasIV;
tra-IV; svp-V; akp-III; zao-III; pot-III; dep-II; put-II; kam-II; slj-II; nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 133 (auf dürren und steinigen Stellen bei Podgorica); Bulić 1994:163
(Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 124 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički
most, Tološka šuma, Tuški put).
Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. glomerata s.l., a Mac-Meg H caesp; L7, T6, H4, R5, N6; at: V (paleotemp);
hab: liv-V; zao-V; zap-V; gro-V; pas-V; tra-V; svp-V; kam-IV; pst-III; akp-III; dep-III; pot-III; put-II; pkgII;
pno-II; pot-II; ulk-II; slj-II; nop-II; zar-I, zid-I; pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:166 (Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 121
(Kuće Rakića, Podgorica).
Dactylis glomerata L. subsp. aschersoniana (Graebn.) Thell. [syn. D. polygama], a Meg H caesp; L0, T0,
H0, R0, N0; at: V (c.euro); hab: pot-I; sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Dactylis
glomerata L. subsp. hispanica (Roth.) Nyman., a Mes-Mac H caesp; L11, T8, K4, H2, R5, N2; at:
III (eurimed); UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912 (Podgorica).
Danthoniastrum compactum (Boiss. & Heldr.) J. Holub [syn. Avena compacta Boiss. & Heldr.]; v-a Meg H
caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VII (orof. se.euro-kavk); hab: kor-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 26 (in rupibus riparum fluvii Morača supra Podgorica); Bulić 1994: 164
(Kuće Rakića).
Desmazeria rigida (L.) Tutin [syn. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb., Catapodium rigidum (L.) Hubbard], v-a
Mi-Mes T caesp; L8 T8, H2, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: kam-V; akp-IV; gaz-IV; gro-IV; kor-III; kro-III;
liv-III; pko-III; svp-III; slj-II; pot-II; tra-II; nop-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 31 (ad Podgorica frequens); Bulić 1994:159 (Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 120 (Dajbabska gora, Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
Dichantium ischaemum (L.) Roberty [syn. Andropogon ischaemum L., Botriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.],
a-aut Mes-Mac H caesp; L9, T7, H3, R8, N3; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; kam-V; gro-V; dep-V; zap-V; zaoV;
pas-V; pst-IV; kor-V; svp-V; akp-V; nop-IV; tra-IV; put-III; pkg-III; sik-II; ulk-II; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Horak 1898 (Podgorica); Rohlena 1902b: 20 (in graminosis campi Podgoricensis) &
1942: 490 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 132 (Tuški put).
Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., a-aut Mes T caesp; L7, T7, H3, R6, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: svp-IV; zap-IV;
pst-IV; put-III; ulk-III; tra-III; pas-III; nop-II; kro-II, zar-II; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:167 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 120 (Kuće Rakića).
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., a-aut Meg-Alt T caesp; L6, T7, H7, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zaoV;
zap-IV; gro-III; svp-III; tra-III; slj-III; pst-II; zar-II; pas-II; nop-II; pno-II; gaz-II; akp-I; liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Blok V, Dajbabe).
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., a-aut Mes-Mac T caesp; L11, T8, H2, R7, N2; at: IX (ADV, AFR); hab: gro-V;
gaz-IV; put-IV; zap-IV; tra-IV; ulk-IV; svp-III; dep-III; pst-III; slj-II; kam-II; kro-I; zar-I; UFI.
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Stara Varoš).
Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., a-aut Mi-Mes T caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: gazIII;
zap-II; svp-II; gro-II; tra-II; liv-II; pas-I; pkg-I; UFI
Literature source: Greuter & Raus 1998: 171 (ruderal vegetation along the road Bioče-Podgorica, limestone
D. Lakušić, B. Lakušić 1526-94 BEOU); Hadžiablahović 2004: 12 (Blok V); Lakušić et al. 2004: 39
(ruderal habitats in Podgorica).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
96
Elymus caninus (L.) L. [syn. Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv.], v Mac-Alt H caesp; L5, T4, H6, R7, N8; at:
VIII (circumbor); hab: slj-III; kor-I; pls-I; UFO
Literature source: Elymus
hispidus (Opiz) Meldris [syn. Triticum intermedium Host, Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.], va
Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; L7, T7, H3, R8, N0; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-III; slj-III; pko-II; svp-II; kor-II;
sik-II; ziv-I, pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 34 (in graminosis regionis inferioris frequens, Podgorica c. 30m); Stešević
2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 125 (Kuće Rakića).
Elymus hispidus (Opiz) Meldris subsp. barbulatus (Schur) Melderis [syn. Agropyron intermedium var.
villosum (Sadl.) Hay], v-a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: V (s.euro-s.sib); hab: liv-I;
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 458 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 125 (Farmaci).
Elymus repens (L.) Gould [syn. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.], v-a Mes-Meg G rhiz caesp; L7, Tx, H5, Rx,
N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-IV; zao-IV; pas-III, gaz-II; tra-III; svp-III; pst-II; nop-I; pkg-I; kam-I; UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 125 (Ljubović).
Eragrostis barilieri Daveau., a-aut Mes T caesp; L8, T8, H4, R6, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: put-III; kor-II;
tra-II; svp-II; kro-II; UFI
Literature source: Eragrostis
cilianensis (All.) F.T. Hubbard [syn. E. megastachya (Koeler) Link], v-aut Mi-Mes T caesp; L8,
T8, H3, R6, N3; at: IX (ADV, kosm, ASAF & AMS); hab: liv-III; akp-III; zap-II; nop-II; tra-II; gro-II; svpII,
pas-II, kam-I, pst-I; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 166 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje, Srpska).
Eragrostis minor Host, a-aut Mes-Meg T caesp; L8, T8, H3, R6, N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: tra-III; gro-III; putIII;
svp-III; gaz-III; liv-III; kam-II; kor-II; kro-II; akp-II; zap-II; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:166 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 130 (Kuće Rakića).
Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv., a-aut Mes T caesp; L8, T8, H3, R6, N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: akp-II; nop-II;
gaz-II; svp-II; put-II; zap-II; pko-II; kor-I; tra-I; pst-I, nop-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 462 (circa Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 130 (Blok V).
Festuca arundinacea Schreb., a Meg H caesp; L9, T8, H6, R8, N6; at: V (paleotemp); hab: vli-II; pls-II; zapI;
pas-I; tra-I; svp-I; pno-I; slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Festuca
pratensis Huds. [syn. F. elatior L. subsp. pratensis (Hudson) Hackel], a Mes-Mac H caesp; L8, T6,
H5, R5, N6; at: V (euras); hab: liv-III; kor-II; kam-I; zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 30 (in pratis ad Podgorica frequens); Bulić 1994:158 (Srpska);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 119 (Čepurci).
Festuca rupicola Heuff. [syn. F. sulcata (Hack.) Nyman], a Mes-Mac H caesp; L8, T2, H4, R2, N1; at: V
(s.eu); hab: kam-IV; akp-III; kor-IV; pot-II; zid-I; put-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 469 (frequens); Bulić 1994:158 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće Rakića);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 119 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Festuca valesiaca Schleic. ex Gaudin, a Mes H caesp; L8, T6, H3, R6, N2; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: kor-II;
kam-I; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell., a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed);
hab: liv-II; svp-II; kro-I; pas-I; akp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1937: 9 (in campo ad Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 128 (Ržanički most, Tuški put).
Gaudinia fragilis (L.) Beauv., v-a Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T8, H3, R5, N3; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II; vli-II;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Glyceria
fluitans (L.) R.Br., a Alt Hyd G emer rhiz; L7 T6, H9, R5, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan; UFO
Literature source: -
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Hainardia cylindrica (Willd.) Greuter [syn. Lepturus cylindricus (Willd.) Tin., Monerma cylindrica Cosson
et Dur.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T9, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-III; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 33 (in pascuis planitei Podgoricensis); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129
(Dajbabe, Ržanički most).
Holcus lanatus L., a Meg H caesp; L7, T5, H6, Rx, N4; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: liv-II; vli-II; UFO
Literature source: Hordeum
bulbosum L., v-a Meg-Alt H caesp; L8, T10, H4, R5, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-III; ziv-I; svpI;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 35 (Kokoti et Podgorica); Bulić 1994:163 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević
2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Dahna).
Hordeum distichon L., a Meg-Alt T scap; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: liv-I; dep-I; UFO
Literature source: Hordeum
hystrix Roth., a Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2, R6, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Hordeum
murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang., v-a Mes-Meg T caesp; L9, T9, H3, R5, N3; at: III
(eurimed); hab: tra-V; liv-V; gro-V; pas-V; kam-IV; zao-V; zap-V; pst-V; svp-V; kro-III; nop-III; akp-II;
dep-II; put-III; pkg-II; dep-II; zar-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 133 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički
most, Tološka šuma).
Lagurus ovatus L., a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T9, H3, Rx, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: pas-I; kro-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 127 (Tološka šuma).
Lolium multiflorum Lam. [syn. Lolium siculum Parl.], a Mes-Mac H caesp; L7, T7, H4, Rx, N6; at: III
(eurimed); hab: zao-III; liv-III; svp-III; gaz-II; gro-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 473 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:158 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Stešević 2002: 29
(Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 119 (Čepurci, Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Lolium perenne L., v-aut Mes H caesp; L8, T5, H5, Rx, N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; zao-V; zap-V; gro-V;
pas-V; tra-V; svp-V; gaz-IV; nop-III; pst-III; akp-II; kam-II; dep-II; put-II; pkg-II; pno-II; pot-II; ulk-II; sljII;
zar-I, pko-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 473 (Farmaki pr. Podgorica); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 125 (Kuće Rakića).
Lolium rigidum Gaudin subsp. rigidum, a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T8, H3, R4, N2; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab:
akp-II; liv-II; gaz-II; svp-II; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Lolium
rigidum Gaudin subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio [syn. L. loliaceum (Bory et Chaub.)
Hand-Mazz., L. subulatum Vis.], v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T8, H5, R6, N5; at: III (eurimed); hab: gaz-II; pkoI;
put-I,UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 133 (uf steinigen und dürren Stellen bei Podgorica).
Lolium temulentum L., v-a Mi-Mes T scap; L7, T7, H4, R8, Nx; at: IX (cosm); hab: zao-I; liv-I; pko-I; put-I;
svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 33 (inter segetes ad Podgorica- frequens); Bulić 1994:158 (Kuće Rakića,
Srpska).
Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. [syn. Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers.], v-a Mi-Mes T caesp; L7, T5, H6, R8,
N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam-IV; liv-IV; pas-III; akp-III; gro-III; kro-III; kor-III; tra-III; svp-III; gaz-II; pst-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 27 (in arvis incultis et indundatis regionis inferioris, Podgorica); Šmarda
1968: 67 (Titovgrad- Morača canyon); Bulić 1994:164 (Kuće Rakića); Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Kuće
Rakića, Ržanički most, Tološka šuma).
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98
Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) Beauv. [syn. K. cristata (L.) Pers.], a Mes H caesp; L8, T6, H5, R5, N3; at: V
(n.c.eu); hab: kam-III; kor-III; liv-III; akp-II; sik- II; pot-II; svp-II; nop-II; UFO
Literature source: Koeleria
splendens C. Presl., a Mes H caesp; L11, T7, H3, R7, N1; at: IV (med-mont); hab: kam-IV; kor-IV;
akp-II; pot-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 27 (in locis aridis in campo Lješkopolje et in planitie Podgoricensi);
Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 126 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Melica ciliata L., a Mes-Meg H caesp; L8, T7, H2, R7, N2; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: kam-IV; akp-II; korII;
nop-II; pot-II; liv-I; tra-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 129 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:161 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Melica transsilvanica Schur, a Mes-Meg H caesp; L8, T8, H2, R6, N1; at: V (se.euro-s.sib); hab: kam-V;
nop-III; kor-III; akp-II; gro-II; pot-II; pko-II; svp-II; liv-II; slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 122 (Tuški put).
Panicum capillare L., a Mes T scap; L6, T8, H3, R4, N3; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: pkg-I; pot-I; UFI
Literature source: Stešević & Jovanović 2005: 72 (Podgorica).
Panicum miliaceum L., a Mes-Alt T scap; L6, T7, H4, R7, N3; at: IX (ADV, AS); hab: put-I; tra-I; slj-I; svpI;
UFI
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 489 (in agris cultis et non raro subspontaneum).
(-) Parvotrisetum myrianthum (Bertol.) Chrtek [syn. Trisetum myrianthum (Bertol.) Parl.], v-a Mes T caesp;
L8, T7, H4, R4, N2; at: III (eurimed)
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 25 (in arenosis, lapidosis et ad vias regionis inferioris in campo
Lješkopolje ad Farmaki, in planitie Podgoricensis).
Paspalum dilatatum Poiret, a Mes-Meg H caesp; Lx, T8, H10, R8, N8; at: IX (ADV, AMS); hab: tra-I; pnoI;
UFI
Literature source: Paspalum
paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn., a Mes-Mac G rhiz rept-caesp; Lx, T8, H10, R8, N8; at: IX (ADV,
AMC, AMS); hab: tra-IV; ulk-III; svp-II; pst-I; zar-I; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Sportski centar).
(-) Phleum montanum C. Koch. [syn. P. serrulatum B.H.], a Mes G rhiz caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0, N0; at: VII
(orof. S.eu); hab: kam; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 124 (an Hügeln bei Podgorica).
Phleum pratense L. subsp. bertoloni (DC.) Bornm. [syn. P. pratense var. nodosum, P. bertoloni DC.], v
Mes-Meg H caesp; L7, T6, H5, R6, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: liv-II, UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129 (Tuški put).
(-) Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst., a Mes-Meg H caesp; L8, T5, H2, R8, N0; at: VIII (eurosib); hab: kam;
UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 485 (in collibus siccis ad Podgorica).
Phalaris aquatica L. [syn. P. bulbosa auct. non L., P. nodosa L., P. tuberosa L.], v Alt H caesp; L7, T7, H4,
R6, N4; at: III (med-makar); hab: vli-I; liv-I; ziv-I; UFO
Literature source: Phragmites
australis (Cav.) Trin. & Steudel, rhiz emer HydG; L7, T5, H10, R7, N5; at: IX (cosm); hab: plsV;
kro-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 166 (Srpska); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129 (Dajbabe).
Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. [syn. Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Bentham & Hooker ex Ascherson &
Graebner], a-aut Mes-Meg H caesp; L5, T7, H4, R7, N5; at: IX (stenomed-turan); hab: zap-V; svp-V; gro-V;
pas-IV; sik-III; pot-III; slj-Iii; pst-III; tra-III; pno-III; nop-II; dep-II; UNE
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Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 22 (in lapidosis circum Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129 (Kuće
Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Poa angustifolia L. [syn. P. pratensis L. subsp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin], a Mes H caesp; L0, T0, H0, R0,
N0; at: V (euras); hab: liv-IV; akp-III; gro-III; pas-II; svp-II; kam-II; nop-II; pot-II; tra-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Poa
annua L., n (II)-v-aut N-Mes T caesp; L7, Tx, H6, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: liv-V; kam-V; gro-V; traV;
gaz-V; pas-V; zap-IV; pst-IV; put-III; kam-II; kor-II; kro-II; pno-II; dep-II; akp-I; zar-I, UNE
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 120 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Poa bulbosa L., a Mes H caesp; L8, T8, H2, R4, N1; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-V; kam-V; tra-V; gro-V;
pas-V; gaz-IV; kor-III; akp-III; zap-III; svp-III; pst-II; pno-II; put-I; zid-I; kro-I; UNE
Literature source: Bulić 1994:159 (Kuće Rakića, Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 121 (Dajbabe, Kuće Rakića, Podgorica).
Poa compressa L., a Mes H caesp; L9, Tx, H2, R9, N2; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: nop-I; pko-I; zid-I; svp-I;
UNE
Literature source: (-)
Poa nemoralis L., a Mes-Mac H caesp; L5, Tx, H5, R5, N3; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: pas- I
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 29 (in campo Podgoricensis c. 30m).
Poa palustris L., a Mes-Mac H caesp; L7, Tx, H9, R8, N7; at: VIII (circumbor); hab: vli-II; zar-I; pls-I; pnoI;
UFO
Literature source: Poa
perconcinna J.R. Edm. [syn. P. bulbosa subsp. concinna (Gaudin) Hayek], a Mes H caesp; L0, T0, H0,
R0, N0; at: I (balk-ilir+c.alp); hab: akp-V; kam-V; liv-V; gro-IV; kor-III; tra-III; nop-II; svp-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Černjavski et al. 1949:83 (Titograd, Ćemovsko polje).
Poa pratensis L. [syn. Poa attica Boiss. & Heldr.], a Mes-Mac H caesp; L6, Tx, H5, Rx, Nx; at: VIII
(circumbor); hab: liv-V; gro-V; zap-IV; svp- III; sik-III; zao-III, pst-III; tra-III; akp-II; gaz-II; put-I; pno-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 29 (in arenosisi maritimis, incultis, et ruderatis regionis inferioris
frequens, Podgorica); Bulić 1994:159 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska).
Poa trivialis L subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb. [syn. Poa sylvicola Guss.], a Mes-Meg H caesp; L3, T5,
H5, R4, N6; at: III (eurimed); hab: gro-V; zap-IV; pst-IV; tra-IV; pas-III; svp-IV; liv-III; pot-III; sik-III; zaoIII;
vli-III; pkg-II; pno-II; put-Iiziv-I; zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 467 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 121 (Dahna, Kuće Rakića, Tološka
šuma).
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., a Mes-Mac T scap; L8, T8, H9, R8, N6; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab: svpI;
UFO
Literature source: Polypogon
viridis (Gouan) Breistr. [syn. Agrostis verticillata Vill.], a Mes-Meg H caesp; L8, T8, H8, R9,
N6; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab: liv-I; kro-I, UNE
Literature source: Psilurus
incurvus (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. [syn. P. aristatus (L.) Duval-Jouve], v Mes T scap; L11, T9, H2,
R3, N1; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-III; kor-II; liv-I,UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 33 (in incultis, inundatis et arenosis regionis inferioris, in campo
podgoricensi) & 1942: 473 (Kokoti, Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:83 (Ćemovsko polje); Bulić
1994:160 (Ćemovsko polje); Hadžiablahović 2010: 122 (Podgorica).
Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. [syn. Glyceria distans (L.) Wahlenb.], a Mes-Mac H caesp; L8, Tx, H6, R7,
N7; at: V (paleotemp); hab: liv-I; pst-I; kro-I; UFO
Literature source: Saccharum
strictum (Host) Spreng. [syn Erianthus hostii Griseb.], a-aut Alt H caesp; L9, T8, H7, R8, N6; at:
V (s.euro-w.as); hab: hab: vli-I; kam-I; liv-I; UFO
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
100
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 20 (in fossa secus viam e Podgorica ad Spuž) & 1912: 122 (steiniger und
buschiger Hügeln bei Podgorica).
Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv., v N-Mi T caesp; L8, T8, H2, R5, N2; at: III (eurimed); hab: gaz-II; put-I; kroI;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1912: 130 (um Podgorica nicht häufig).
Secale cereale L., a-Alt T scap; L8, T8, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, AS); hab: liv-I; svp-I; nop-I; pko-I;
slj-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 460 (subspont.).
Sesleria autumnalis (Scop.) F. W. Schultz., a Mes-Mac H caesp; L3, T5, H5, R6, N7; at: V (s.eu); hab: sikII;
kor-III; kam-III; pot-II; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 460 (frequens).
Sesleria robusta Schott., Nyman & Kotschy [syn. S. nitida auct. Bal., non Ten.], a Mes-Meg H caesp; L0,
T0, H0, R0, N0; at: I (ilir); hab: kor-II; pot-I; UFO
Literature source: Šmarda 1968: 107 (Titovgrad- Morača canyon).
Setaria ambigua Guss. [syn. S. decipiens Schimper, S. verticillata × viridis], a-aut Mac-Meg T caesp; L7,
T7, H4, R7, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: zap-II; zar-II; svp-II; tra-II; slj-II, pko-I,UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2007: 153 (Podgorica).
Setaria pumila (L.) Beauv. [syn. S. glauca (L.) Beauv. S. lutescens (Struntz) Hubbard], a-aut Mes-Mac T
caesp; L7, T7, H4, R5, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: nop-II; zap-II; svp-II; pno-I; pot-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 489 (Podgorica).
Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv., a-aut Mes-Mac T caesp; L7, T8, H4, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: dep-I; nopII;
svp-II; tra-II; zao-I; slj-I; gro-I; pas-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 489 (Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Kuće Rakića).
Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. subsp. viridis [syn. Panicum viride L.], v-aut Mes-Mac T caesp; L7, T6, H4, Rx,
N7; at: IX (cosm); hab: tra-V; svp-V; pas-V; pkg-V; ulk-V; zap-V; zao-V; pst-IV; slj-IV; pko-III; liv-III;
gaz-III; put-III; kro-II. Akp-II; nop-II, zar-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 21 (in cultis planitiei Podgoricensis c. 30m) & 1942: 489 (Podgorica);
Hadžiablahović 2010: 121 (Kuće Rakića, Ljubović).
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv subsp. pycnocoma (Steud.) Tzvelev [syn. S. pycnocoma (Steud.) Nakai, S.
italica (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. pycnocoma (Steud.) de Wet, Panicum pycnocomum Steud.], a Mac-Meg T scap;
L0, T0, H0, Rx, N0; at: IX (ADV, ?); hab: svp-I; slj-I
Literature source: Sorghum
halepense (L.) Pers., a-aut Meg-Alt G rhiz caesp; L8, T8, H7, R8, N8; at: IX (ADV, kosm, EAS);
hab: svp-V; zap-V; zao-V; gro-V; pas-IV; dep-IV; akp-III; liv-III; nop-III; pst-II; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 490 (Podgorica); Bulić 1994:167 (Kuće Rakića, Srpska); Hadžiablahović
2010: 132 (Kuće Rakića, Tološka šuma).
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., a-aut Mac-Meg H caesp; L7, T8, H4, R5, N2; at: IX (ADV, AMN); hab: traV;
svp-III; pas-III; put-III; gro-II; nop-II; kro-II; UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 12 (city center, Blok V).
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey) Wood, aut Mes-Mac T caesp; L7, T8, H4, R5, N2; at: IX (ADV AMN);
hab: put-II; tra-II; UFI
Literature source: Stešević 2006: 174 (Podgorica).
Stipa bromoides (L.) Dörfl. [syn. S. aristela L.], a Mac-Meg H caesp; L11, T9, H1, R8, N1; at: II
(stenomed); hab: kam-IV; kor-II; pas-II; akp-II; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 22 (in saxosis, fruticetis, vineis ad Kokoti et Podgorica); Bulić 1994:165
(Kuće Rakića); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129 (Blok V, Tološka šuma).
Stipa pulcherrima C. Koch. [syn. S. pennata L. subsp. mediterranea (Trin. & Rupr) Ascherson & Graebner],
a Meg H caesp; L9, T8, H1, R8, N1; at: V (se.euro-sib); hab: kam-V; akp-III; liv-II; kor-II; UFO
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 101
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 129 (Dajbabska gora, Ržanički most).
Tragus racemosus (L.) All., a Mi-Mes T caesp; L8, T7, H5, R7, N3; at: IX (kosm; hab: kor-IV; gaz-IV; groIV;
akp-III; liv-III; pko-III; slj-II; nop-II; pkg-II; zap-II; tra-II; svp-II; put-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2010: 131 (Kuće Rakića, Ržanički most).
Trisetum aureum Ten., v-a Mi-Mes T caesp; L8, T9, H8, R8, N6; at: II (stenomed-or); hab: put-II; kro-I; svpI;
UFI
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2006: 97 (Podgorica; Tuški put).
Trisetum paniceum (Lam.) Pers., a Mi-Mes T caesp; L8, T9, H8, R8, N6; at: III (med-makar); hab: gro-V;
kro-IV; liv-III; zap-III; pst-III; tra-III; svp-III; gaz-II; put-II; akp-I; dep-I; pkg-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 13 (Blok V).
Triticum aestivum L. [syn. T. vulgare Vill.], a Meg-Alt T scap; L8, T8, H5, R5, N5; at: IX (ADV, kult, medE);
hab: nop-V; put-II; svp-II; pko-II; slj-II; dep-I; kam-I; liv-I; zap-I; UNE
Literature source: Beck & Szyszylowicz 1888: 56 (circa Podgoriza cultum); Rohlena 1942: 459 (Podgorica).
Ventenata dubia (Leers) F.W. Schultz, a Mi-Mes T scap; L8, T7, H3, R6, N4; at: III (eurimed); hab: akp-I;
liv-I; UNE
Literature source: Vulpia
ciliata Dumort [syn. Festuca danthonii Asch. & Gr.], a Mes-Mac T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: III
(eurimed); hab: liv-V; kam-V; gro-akp-IV, gaz-III; kor-IV; svp-III; pot-III; dep-I; nop-I; pko-I; slj-I; pst-I;
UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 32 (in planicie podgoricensi) & 1924: 48 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović
2010: 120 (Blok V, Ržanički most).
Vulpia bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray [syn. V. dertonensis (All.) Gola], a Mes T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R6, N2; at: V
(paleotemp)
Literature source: Rohlena 1924: 49 (um Podgorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 120 (Tološka šuma).
Vulpia ligustica (All.) Link, v-a Mes-Mac T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R4, N2; at: II (stenomed); hab: liv-V; tra-Vsvp-V;
gro-IV, kam-IV; kor-IV; gaz-IV; pst-IV; pas-III; pot-III; akp-III; dep-III; pst-II; put-II; pko-II; pno-II;
pkg-I; nop-II; kro-I; zid-I; UNE
Literature source: Hadžiablahović 2004: 13 (Blok V).
Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmelin, a Mes T caesp; L8, T9, H2, R6, N2; at: IX (cosm); hab: kam-V; liv-V; pasIV;
pot-IV; akp-IV; svp-IV; gaz-III, gro-III; zao-III; tra-III; nop-II; zap-II; pko-II; kro-I, slj-I; UNE
Literature source: Rohlena 1902b: 29 (ad Podgorica) & 1924: 49 (bei Podgorica); Černjavski et al. 1949:83
(Ćemovsko polje); Stešević 2002: 29 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 120 (Tološka šuma).
Zea mays L., a-aut Alt T scap; L8, T8, H7, R5, N9; at: IX (ADV, kult, AMN); hab: dep-I; put-I; zao-I; zap-I;
pot-I, UNE
Literature source: Szyszylowicz 1888: 51 (in Podgoriza culta).
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton crispus L., rad sbm HydG; L6, T5, H12, R7, N6; at: IX (cosm); hab: kan; rij; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 424 (Ribnica prope Podgorica).
Potamogeton perfoliatus L., rad sbm HydG; L6, T0, H12, R7, N4; at: IX (cosm); hab: rij; UFO
Literature source: Potamogeton
pusillus L., rad sbm HydG; L6, T5, H12, R7, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: rij; UFO
Literature source: -
SMILACACEAE
Smilax aspera L., semp S lig; L6, T10, H2, R5, N3; at: IX (eurimed-turan); hab: sik-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1905: 90 (um Podgorica fäufig); Hadžiablahović 2010: 115 (Ljubović).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
102
SPARGANIACEAE
Sparganium erectum L. [syn. S. ramosum Huds.], rhiz emer HydG; L7, T6, H10, Rx, N5; at: V (euras); hab:
pno-II; UFO
Literature source: -
TYPHACEAE
Typha angustifolia L., rhiz emer HydG; L8, T7, H10, Rx, N7; at: IX (paleosubtrop); hab: pls-II; pno-I; UFO
Literature source: Bulić 1994: 168 (Srpska).
Typha latifolia L., v-a Alt G rhiz; L8 T6, H10, Rx, N8; at: IX (cosm); hab: pls-II; UFO
Literature source: -
XANTHORRHOEACEAE
Asphodeline liburnica (Scop.) Rchb., a Mes-Mac G rhiz scap; L11, T6, H2, R6, N3; at: III (amfiadriat), atsIII,
atp-III; kam-II; sik-I; svp-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica).
Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb., n-v Mac-Meg G rhiz scap; L11, T6, H2, R6, N3; at: III (e.med); hab: kam-III;
kor-III; pot-II; liv-I; UFO
Literature source: Stešević 2002: 26 (Gorica); Hadžiablahović 2010: 112 (Sastavci).
Asphodelus aestivus Brot. [syn. A. microcarpus Viv.], v Mes-Meg G rhiz scap; L11, T9, H2, R3 ,N5; at: II
(stenomed); hab: kam-V; akp-IV; kor-II; gro-II; pot-I; nop-I; UFO
Literature source: Rohlena 1942: 427 (Podgorica, district Lješanska nahija); Černjavski et al. 1949:81
(Ćemovsko polje); Šmarda 1968: 16 (Titograd- Morača canyon); Bulić 1991: 152 (Ćemovsko polje, Kuće
Rakića); Stešević 2002 (Gorica).
The floristic richness of the city area of Podgorica and the spatial distribution of taxa
The flora of urban areas has been long recognised as rather rich, and the cities themselves have been
considered as areas of high diversity (Haeupler 1974, Kühn et al. 2004). As early as 1970s, Walters notices
that city flora, in terms of the number of species, excels over the flora of the surrounding areas (Walters
1970). To explain this phenomenon, the most frequently quoted opinion is that of Gilbert (1989), that the
heterogeneous urban environment (heterogeneity of habitats), makes survival possible for species with
differing survival strategies. Due to habitat heterogeneity and the increased possibility for the immigration of
new species, urban floras are constantly enriched (Sukopp & Werner 1983).
The check list of the spontaneous vascular flora of the city area of Podgorica contains 1222 taxa
(species and subspecies), representing a little more than 1/3 of the total flora of Montenegro (Rohlena 1942,
Pulević 2005, Stešević et al. 2008). Comparing the floristic richness of the city area of Podgorica with those
of other European cities, we can conclude that the flora of Podgorica is rich also in the European context
(Table 1).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 103
Table 1. Richness of the floras of selected European cities, expressed with logarithmic values of the number of taxa
found and surface surveyed.
City Surface in km2
(A)
Number of taxa
(T)
LogT/ logA Source
Vienna 414 2024 1,26 Adler & Mrkvicka (2003)
Berlin 481 1374 1,17 Sukopp et al. (1980)
Katania 180 250 1,06 Poli Marchese et al. (1989)
Zurich 120 1950 1,58 Landolt (2001)
Patras 58 818 1,65 Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis
(1996, 2000)
Rome 300 1285 1,26 Celesti Grapow (1995)
Thessaloniki 61 865 1,65 Krigas & Kokkini (2004, 2005)
Warsaw 430 1109 1,16 Sudnik-Wojcikowska (1987)
Podgorica 86 1222 1.60 This study
According to Sukopp & Werner (1983), the number of taxa of vascular plants in urban floras is determined
by a series of factors: geographic positioning, climatic conditions and the possibility for the immigration of
species.
A series of studies demonstrate the existence of the correlation between the number of plant taxa and
the size of the settlement, whether it is expressed through the number of inhabitants or surface (Pyšek 1989a,
1993; Brandes & Zacharias 1990; Klotz 1990). Comparing the relationship between the number of taxa and
the surface of different European cities, it has been noticed that the number of plant taxa and the size of the
city are related with logarithmic linear progression. The progression reaches its maximum of 1.500 taxa in
cities with 1.2 to 2 million inhabitants (Pyšek 1989a, 1993, Klotz 1990). Following this rule, the expected
number of taxa in Podgorica (86 km2
, ca. 140,000 inhabitants) would be around 700 taxa. However,
favourable geographic positioning and climate seem to support an exceptional floristic richness. Distribution
of taxa found in Podgorica per quadrant is shown in Figure 20.
Following the change in the number of taxa on the periphery-city-centre gradient, Wittig (2002),
Chocholouškova & Pyšek (2003), Pyšek et al. (2004) noticed that the number of taxa drops closer to the
city-centre area. On the same gradient, population density increases, as well as the network of roads, while
the air, ground and precipitation pollution is higher (Mc Kinney 2002).
Due to specific orography, the presence of natural and semi-natural habitats in the very urban core of
Podgorica, this rule is not possible to notice in the study area (Fig. 20). However, if the distribution of taxa
by habitat is taken into consideration, it becomes clear that the homogeneity of habitats and the increase of
urbanisation result in the reduction of the number of taxa. Similar distribution has been noticed in the area of
Rome, where diversity hot spots are located in the very centre of the city – parks and archaeological sites
(Celesti Grapow et al. 2006).
In the city area of Podgorica, most of the taxa have been recorded in quadrant G6 (603). Within its
boundaries are the localities of Skaline (the confluence of Ribnica and Morača Rivers) and lower part of the
course of Ribnica River, Ivana Milutinovića Park, Mali Park, Stara Varoš and Drač (the oldest parts of
Podgorica), part of the Morača River canyon from Blažov to Novi Most, part of Ljubović Hill and Central
Park Pobrežje (Fig. 21).
Compared to other quadrants, G6 features the highest degree of heterogeneity of habitats and
moderate disturbance. Walls and rock shelters stand out as the most typical types of habitat.
Large number of taxa (>500) has also been recorded in the immediate vicinity of the Morača River
canyon (D6, D7, D8, G3, G4, G5, G6, F6), Ribnica River (H2, H5, H6), Park forest Gorica (H6), Cijevna
River canyon (I11), Kakaricka gora (J6, K4) and Srpska Gora (D12, D13). Dominant habitat types in the
previously mentioned areas are scrub, rocky terrain and river banks.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
104
Figure 20. Distribution of taxa found in Podgorica per quadrant (each 1 km2
)
Figure 21. Diversity hottest spot in Podgorica (quadrant G6, 603 taxa): 1 - Skaline and lower part of the course of
Ribnica River; 2 - Ivana Milutinovića Park; 3 – Mali Park; 4 – part of the Morača River canyon from Blažov Most to
Novi Most; 5 – Stara Varoš; 6 – Drač; 7 – part of Ljubović Hill; 8 – Central Park Pobrežje.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 105
In quadrants with relatively small participation of semi-natural habitats with intense urbanisation pressure
(H3-settlement of Zagorič, I3 and J3-Old Zlatica, I6-Konik, J5-Masline, I7-Stari Aerodrom and J7-Vrela
Ribnička), a notably smaller number of taxa has been recorded (<365).
The reason for a relatively small number of taxa in quadrants I7 and J7 (Fig. 22) is the creation of a
permanent landfill (it takes up to 30% of the quadrant I7), the rapid expansion of the unplanned refugee
settlements (quadrant J7) and plantations with conifers. Similar situation with the creation of landfills is
obvious in other quadrants belonging to Ćemovsko Polje (G9 and F10).
Quadrants located in the western parts of the city area, characterised by the domination of grassy
surfaces (Tološko Polje, Lješkopolje, Kokotski Ovčar), feature an intermediate number of taxa (around 400).
Figure 22. Example of areas with low plant diversity in Podgorica (quadrants I7 and J7): 1 – settlement of Stari
Aerodrom; 2 – landfill at Ćemovsko Polje; 3 – planted forest of pine and cypress; 4 – Ćemovsko Polje-Stari Aerodrom;
5 – settlement of Vrela Ribnička.
Distribution of taxa in respect to their behaviour towards the urbanisation
As expected, the number of urbanophile species is the highest in the central part of the city area and
gradually declines away from the urban core (Fig. 23). Considering the life forms, most of these taxa are
annuals and belong to the alien flora (Fig. 25, 26). Urbanophobe taxa are mostly present in the peripheral
quadrants located in the NNE, extreme NW and S parts of the city area (Fig. 24). They have also been
recorded in significant numbers in the very core of the city, exactly due to the presence of semi-natural
habitats. Moving from the centre towards the periphery, in the NW, SE and SW directions, the number of
urbanophobe taxa decreases, in accordance with the decline of the green areas and the increase in
urbanisation pressure. In terms of life forms and chorology of taxa, hemicryptophytes and plants of
Mediterranean origin are prevalent (Fig. 25, 26). Urbanoneutral plants showed no great difference in
distribution patterns in the city area. Dominant among them are annual taxa and those of Mediterranean
origin (Fig. 25, 26).
Typical urbanophile plants (UFI) in Podgorica are: Amaranthus cruentus, Broussonetia papyrifera,
Chenopodium ambrosioides, Citrullus lanatus, Commelina communis, Eleusine indica, E. tristachya,
Erigeron bonariensis, Euphorbia nutans, E. prostrata, Galinsoga parviflora, Ipomoea purpurea, Lepidium
virginicum, Mentha × piperita, Mirabilis jalapa, Panicum miliaceum, P. capillare, Paspalum paspaloides,
Sporobolus vaginiflorus, Symphyotrichum squamatus, etc.
Typical urbanoneutral plants (UNE) in Podgorica are: Achillea millefolium, Agrimonia eupatoria,
Anacamptys papilionaceae, Arenaria leptoclados, Bellis perennis, Berteroa mutabilis, Bromus hordeaceus
subsp. mollis, Cardamine hirsuta, Carduus pycnocephalus, Centaurea calcitrapa, C. solstitialis, Cerastium
brachypetalum, Chenopodium album, C. murale, Geum urbanum, Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum,
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
106
Lotus corniculatus, Poa annua, P. bulbosa, Potentilla reptans, Sedum acre, S. hispanicum, Stellaria media,
Trifolium incarnatum, T. campestre, T. stellatum, Vicia grandiflora, V. villosa subsp. varia, etc.
Typical urbanophobe plants (UFO) in Podgorica are: Aethionema saxatile, Allium roseum, A. flavum,
Anemone apennina, Aristolochia clematitis, A. rotunda, Astragalus illyricus, Caltha palustris, Cardamine
pratensis subsp. matthioli, Carpinus orientalis, Cladium mariscus, Colchicum visiani, C. hungaricum,
Crocus dalmaticus, C. weldenii, Crupina vulgaris, Danthoniastrum compactum, Dianthus ciliatus subsp.
dalmaticus, Edraianthus tenuifolius, Ephedra foeminea, Fumaria capreolata, Genista sericea, Gladiolus
illyricus, G. palustris, Helichrysum italicum, Iris tuberosa, Matthiola fruticulosa, Moltkia petraea, Ophrys
spp., Paronychia kapela Quercus pubescens, Q. trojana, Sedum ochroleucon, Silene coronaria, S. floscuculi,
Stipa bromoides, S. pulcherima, Tyrimnus leucographus, Vicia lutea, etc.
Figure 23. Total urbanophile taxa per quadrant (each 1
km2
) in the city area of Podgorica.
Figure 24. Total urbanophobe taxa per quadrant (each 1
km2
) in the city area of Podgorica.
Figure 25. Participation of basic life forms in the categories urbanophobe (UFO), urbanoneutral (UNE) and urbanophile
(UFI).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 107
Figure 26. Participation of chorological types in categories urbanophobe (UFO), urbanoneutral (UNE) and urbanophile
(UFI).
Taxonomic spectrum of the flora in the Podgorica city area
The taxonomic spectrum of the vascular flora in the city area of Podgorica includes 6 classes, 121 families,
561 genera and 1222 species and subspecies. Dicotyledones, with 91 families (75.2%), 440 genera (78.4%)
and 942 taxa (77.1%), is richer than Monocotyledones which include 20 families (16.5%), 109 genera
(19.4%) and 263 taxa (21.5%). Fern-like plants is represented with 7 families (5.7%), 8 genera (1.4%) and 13
taxa (1.1%). Conifers are represented with 2 families (1.6%), 3 genera (0.6%) and 3 taxa (0.2%), while the
class of Gnetopsida is represented only with one taxon (0.1%). Poaceae (11.5%), Asteraceae (11.2%) and
Fabaceae (9.2%) are most prominent among families (Table 2).
In respect to urbanisation, the grass family contains approximately the same number of urbanophobe
and urbanoneutral species. Despite the small number of urbanophiles, some of their representatives occur
with great frequency and sometimes with large populations (e.g. Eleusine indica, E. tristachya, Sporobolus
indicus and Paspalum dilatatum).
Among Asteraceae, urbanoneutral taxa prevail, while there is a fairly small number of urbanophiles.
As in the case of grasses, certain urbanophiles occur with high frequency or have large populations (e.g.
Symphyotrichum squamatus, Helianthus tuberosus, Erigeron bonariensis). Among the urbanoneutral plants,
widespread in the city area are the following: Crepis sancta, C. neglecta, C. setosa, Carduus pycnocephalus,
Centaurea solstitialis, Cichorium intybus, Erigeron sumatrensis, Erigeron annuus, Hypochoeris cretensis,
Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, S. oleraceus, S. asper and Tragopogon porrifolius.
Close to 70% of Fabaceae taxa belong to the category of urbanophobes, while there are only three
urbanophile plants (Gleditchia triacanthos, Wisteria sinensis and Cercis siliquastrum). Widespread in the
city area are the following: Lathyrus cicera, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago orbicularis, M. arabica, M.
sativa, M. rigidula, Trifolium subterraneum, T. incarnatum, T. campestre, T. stellatum, Vicia grandiflora and
V. villosa subsp. varia (all of them urbanoneutrals).
Significant participation in the flora of Podgorica have Scrophulariaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Chenopodiaceae, Geraniaceae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae and Amaranthaceae, all including numerous
synanthropic plants, but also Iridaceae, Amaryllidaceae and Orchidaceae despite the anthropogenic
influence. This support the viewpoint of Celesti Grapow (1998) who pointed out the phenomenon that even
the most urbanised sections of Mediterranean cities bare the mark of the surrounding flora. In contrast to the
Mediterranean cities, prominent in the Central European cities is the phenomenon of biotic homogenisation
(Mc Kinney & Lockwood 1999).
A common trait of the compared taxonomic spectra between different cities examined (Fig. 27) is
that the families of Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae are among the dominant ones in most cases.
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108
Table 2. Taxonomic spectrum of families with >1% participation in the flora of Podgorica.
Family No of taxa %
Poaceae 141
11.5
Asteraceae 137
11.2
Fabaceae 112
9.2
Lamiaceae
62
5.1
Brassicaceae
61
5.0
Caryophyllaceae
40
3.3
Scrophulariaceae
40
3.3
Apiaceae
38
3.1
Rosaceae
38
3.1
Ranunculaceae
32
2.6
Boraginaceae
26
2.1
Cyperaceae
26
2.1
Polygonaceae 22
1.8
Orchidaceae 20
1.6
Euphorbiaceae 19
1.6
Rubiaceae 19
1.6
Amaryllidaceae 18
1.5
Chenopodiaceae 15
1.2
Asparagaceae 14
1.0
Geraniaceae 12
1.0
Solanaceae 12
1.0
The richest genera in taxa found in Podgorica (Table 3): Trifolium (2.1%), Euphorbia, Bromus (1.4% each),
Carex, Ranunculus (1.3% each), Veronica (1.2%), Allium (1.1%), Vicia and Lathyrus (1.0% each). Although
these genera usually include numerous ruderal and ruderal-segetal plants, a small number of them were
found as typical urbanophile in the city of Podgorica. Thus, for example, out of the group of dominant genera
only Euphorbia and Veronica contain typical urbanophile plants. Even the synanthropic genera of
Chenopodium (0.9%), Rumex (0.8%) and Amaranthus (0.6%) seem to have more urbanoneutral than typical
urbanophile plants in the flora of Podgorica.
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 109
Table 3. Taxonomic spectrum of genera with ≥10 taxa in the flora of Podgorica.
Genus No of taxa
%
Trifolium 26
2.1
Euphorbia 17
1.4
Bromus 16
1.4
Carex 16
1.3
Ranunculus 16
1.3
Veronica 14
1.2
Allium 13
1.1
Lathyrus 12
1.0
Vicia 12
1.0
Chenopodium 11
0.9
Galium 10
0.8
Geranium 10
0.8
Medicago 10
0.8
Rumex 10
0.8
The similarity of taxonomic spectres of the genera of the floras of Podgorica, Rome, Thessaloniki, Patras,
Zurich and Vienna is displayed in the figure 28.
Regarding the genera dominating the flora of different cities (Fig. 28), our comparison showed that
Trifolium, Euphorbia, Carex, Bromus, Vicia and Allium are most prominent, and among continental cities
Carex, Veronica, Ranuculus and Euphorbia are most frequently found.
By analysing the similarity index between different city floras (Table 4), our study shows that the
flora of Podgorica is most similar to the flora of Rome (Cs= 69.4%).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
110
Podgorica Rome
Thessaloniki Patras
Vienna Zurich
Figure 27. Taxonomic spectra of dominant families in the floras of Podgorica, Rome (Celasti Grapow, 1995),
Thessaloniki (Krigas & Kokkini, 2004; 2005), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis, 1996; 2000), Vienna (Adler &
Mrkvicka, 2003), and Zurich (Landolt, 2001). Family of Liliaceae is treated in broader sense and it included
Asparagaceae, part of Amaryllidaceae (genus Allium), Colchicaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 111
Podgorica Rome
Thessaloniki Patras
Veinna Zurich
Figure 28. Taxonomic spectra of dominant genera in the floras of Rome (Celasti Grapow, 1995), Thessaloniki (Krigas
& Kokkini, 2004; 2005), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis, 1996; 2000), Vienna (Adler & Mrkvicka, 2003), and
Zurich (Landolt, 2001).
Table 4. Values of the Sørensen similarity index (Cs) for the comparisons of the flora of Podgorica with the floras of
Thessaloniki (Krigas & Kokkini, 2004; 2005), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis, 1996; 2000), Zurich (Landolt,
2001) and Vienna (Adler & Mrkvicka, 2003).
Floristic comparisons of cities 2ab x 100/ (a + b) Cs (%)
Podgorica-Roma 2 x 870 x 100/ (1222 + 1285) 69.4
Podgorica-Thessaloniki 2 x 504 x 100/ (1222 + 1012)
45.1
Podgorica-Patras 2 x 419 x 100/ (1222 + 808)
41.3
Podgorica-Zurich 2 x 589 x 100/ (1222 + 1950)
37.1
Podgorica-Vienna 2 x 725 x 100/ (1222 + 2024) 44.7
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
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General life form spectrum
The flora of Central European cities is dominated by hemicryptophytic life forms (Sukopp 1990) while in
South European city floras the prevalence of therophitic life forms is prominent (e.g. Hruška 1989, Celesti
Grapow & Blasi 1998, Fig. 29).
Figure 29. Biological spectra of the floras of Podgorica, Roma (Celasti Grapow 1995), Patras (Chronopoulos &
Christodoulakis, Thessaloniki (Krigas & Kokkini 2004; 2005), and Zurich (Landolt 2001)
In the study on the comparative analysis of the floras of Italian cities, Hruška (1989) has calculated that the
average participation of hemicryptophytes in the spectrum is approximate 32%, while phanerophytes is 12%
and geophytes is 9%. Taking into account the domination of the therophytes and the increased participation
of the hemicryptophytes and geophytes in the biological spectrum of the flora of Podgorica (Table 5), it
approximately fits the profile of the flora of Italian cities. High participation of the geophytic life form, even
in the most urbanised parts of city, has already been mentioned as a characteristic of the Mediterranean city
floras (Hruška, 1989).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 113
Table 5. Biological spectrum of the flora of the city area of Podgorica.
Life form No of taxa %
Therophytes 434 35.5
Hemicryptophytes 388 31.8
Chamaephytes 79 6.5
Geophytes 132 10.8
Scandentophytes 35 2.9
Parasitic 10 0.8
Hydrophytes 30 2.5
Phanerophytes 114 9.3
Total 1222 100
The urban flora of Podgorica is characterised by the prevelance of the therophytic - hemicryptophytic life
forms, mainly due to the climatic conditions and the constant disturbance in the urban area.
In terms of phenology, the majority of taxa start flowering at the same time, in May, and only a
small number of plants is in bloom in December (Table 6).
Table 6. Number of taxa with same phenophase of flowering (per month) in the flora of Podgorica based on
observations from 2006 to 2013.
Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
No taxa. 17 49 116 473 776 566 328 304 246 76 18 5
Due to the extremely mild climatic conditions in 2006, 2011, 2013 as many as 20 plants flowered
sporadically in December.
The literature on the phenology of flowering in urban environments of North America, Europe and
China indicates that vernal plants tend to flower earlier in cities than in the surrounding areas. This
phenomenon is partially explained by the “warm island effect” (Neil & Wu 2006). In the area of Podgorica
and its surroundings we did not observe noticeable fluctuations of the flowering time. This can be explained
by the minor “warm island” effect, present in Mediterranean cities.
Therophytes
The breakdown of the therophytic form, display of the number of species in flowering by month, as well as
the relationship between their number according to the dimensions of the above-ground part of the plant are
given in the figure 30 and Tables 7 and 8.
The life form of therophytes is mostly represented with scapose forms (T scap- 65.0%), and
caespitose forms (T caesp- 14.4%), then partial rosette forms (T semiros-13.0%), reptant forms (T rept-
6.2%), rosette forms (T ros- 0.7%) and succulent forms (T succ- 0.7%) (Fig. 30).
In terms of phenology, most of the therophytes flower simultaneously, in May, and the smallest
number of annual plants flower in December (Table 7). From the point of view of plant dimensions, taxa
with low to medium height forms are prevalent (Table 8).
Considering the distribution of therophytes in the city area, a series of studies (Kunick 1974, Sukopp
et al. 1979, Sukopp & Werner 1983, Kowarik 1985; 1988; 1990, Sudnik-Wójcikowska 1987, Pyšek & Pyšek
1988; 1991, etc.), indicate that there is a positive correlation between the number of therophytes and vicinity
to the urban core. In Podgorica, the majority of therophytes has been recorded in the central city zone which
reflects both anthropogenic influence, geomorphology of the area and climatic conditions. In Central
European cities, high participation of therophytes in the central urban zone is partially attributed to the
“warm island effect”; however, in the (sub) Mediterranean region this effect is not clearly present (Hruška
1989).
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114
Figure 30. Breakdown participation of taxa with therophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica.
Table 7. Number of taxa with different therophytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica per
month.
Table 8. The number of different therophytic forms of the flora of Podgorica according to the size of the above-ground
part of the plants.
Plant height
Form
N(˂3cm)
N-Mi(˂10cm)
N-Mes(˂30cm)
Mi(3-10cm)
Mi-Mes(3-30cm)
Mi-Meg(3-100cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mes-Alt(10cm,˃1m)
Mac(30-60cm)
Mac-Meg(30-100cm)
Mac-Alt(30cm,˃1m)
Meg(60-100cm)
Meg-Alt(60cm,˃1m)
Alt(˃1m)
Total
T scap 1 2 - 13 81 - 74 50 53 2 5 10 6 2 14 3 316
T semiros 1 7 - 4 13 - 12 6 5 - - 1 2 - 1 - 52
T caesp - 1 1 1 8 - 10 8 4 - 1 1 - 1 2 - 38
T rept - 1 5 3 1 3 2 2 2 - - - - 2 3 - 24
T ros - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2
T succ - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 2
Σ T 2 12 6 23 104 3 98 66 64 2 6 12 8 5 20 3 434
In general, the relatively high presence of therophytes is characteristic of quadrants in which sunny, dry and
degraded habitats are prevalent (for example Ćemovsko Polje outside of the central zone or the karst terrain
of city hillocks). In NW and W directions, due to the changes in ecological conditions (from xerophilia
Month
Life form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
T scap 5 10 26 140 220 129 75 84 73 25 6 2
T semiros 1 9 18 37 34 12 5 5 0 0 0 0
T caesp 1 1 2 18 24 8 9 14 11 3 1 0
T rept 0 1 3 8 13 13 13 14 12 4 1 0
T ros 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T succ 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 8 22 50 206 291 162 102 117 96 32 8 2
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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towards mesophilia and hygrophilia), but also due to the decline in the disturbance regimes, the total number
of therophytes is clearly declining. The number of therophytic urbanophile plants is highest in the city core
and declines towards the periphery (Fig. 31).
Figure 31. Total number of therophytic taxa per quadrant (1 km2
) in the city area of Podgorica.
Hemicryptophytes
Hemicryptophytes are represented in the flora of Podgorica with 388 species (31.8%). Hemicryptophytes
with scapose forms (H scap-59.8%) prevail, followed by caespitose forms (H caesp-15.7%), semirosette
forms (H semiros- 14.7%), rosette forms (H ros- 4.1%) and reptant forms (H rept- 5.7%) (Fig. 32).
Figure 32. Breakdown participation of taxa with hemicryptophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
116
Regarding phenology, most hemicryptophytes are in flower simultaneously in May and June, and the
smallest number flower in December (Table 9). In relation to plant dimensions, taxa with medium to high
forms are prevalent (Table 10).
Table 9. Number of taxa with different hemicryptophytic forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica
per month.
Month
Life form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
H scap 1 1 4 45 132 163 116 102 79 23 5 1
H caesp 0 1 4 25 48 26 8 8 6 2 0 0
H semiros 0 2 4 21 41 39 19 17 14 2 0 0
H rept 0 0 0 8 17 12 8 7 5 0 0 0
H ros 3 3 4 8 10 9 6 5 5 4 2 1
Σ H 4 7 16 107 248 248 157 139 109 31 7 2
Table 10. Number of different hemicryptophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica according to the size of the aboveground
part of the plants.
Plant height
Form
Mi(3-10cm)
Mi-Mes(3-30cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mes-Alt(10cm,˃1m)
Mac(30-60cm)
Mac-Meg(30-100cm)
Mac-Alt(30cm,˃1m)
Meg(60-100cm)
Meg-Alt(˃60cm)
Alt(˃1m)
Total
H scap - 8 29 48 53 2 14 22 14 12 21 9 232
H caesp - - 13 19 10 1 - 4 1 7 4 2 61
H semiros - 7 5 21 8 1 2 6 - 3 4 - 56
H rept 2 2 9 4 4 - - - - 1 - - 22
H ros 2 2 6 5 1 - - - - - - - 16
Σ H 4 19 62 97 76 4 16 32 15 23 29 11 388
The majority of hemicryptophytes has been recorded in natural and semi-natural types of habitats, in
quadrants covering the immediate vicinity of the Morača and Cijevna canyons, the city hillocks and the
flooding part of Tološko Polje (typical urbanophobes, Fig. 33).
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 117
Figure 33. Total number of taxa with hemicryptophytic life forms per quadrant (1 km2
) in the city area of Podgorica.
Chamaephytes
In the flora of Podgorica chamaephytes are represented with four forms: fruticose (Ch frut), epiphytes (Ch
ep), suffruticose (Ch suffr) and herbaceous chamaephytes (Ch herb) (Fig. 34); dominant among them is Ch
suffr (73.4%).
Figure 34. Breakdown participation of taxa with chamaephytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
118
In terms of plant dimensions, Mes (10-30 cm) form is dominant (Table 11) and the largest number of
chamaephytes are flowering simultaneously in May (Table 12).
Table 11. Number of taxa with different chamaephytic life forms according to the size of the above-ground part of the
plants.
Plant height
Form
N-Mi(˂10cm)
Mi(3-10cm)
Mi-Mes(3-30cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Alt(10-30cm,˃1m)
Mac(30-60cm)
Mac-Meg(30-100cm)
Mac-Alt(30-60cm,˃1m)
Meg-Alt(˃60cm)
Σ
Ch herb
- caesp - 2 1 4 - - - - - - - 7
- succ - - - 6 - - - - 1 - - 7
- rept - 1 3 1 - - - - - - - 5
Ch suffr
- caesp - 1 8 16 7 10 1 4 1 1 2 51
- succ - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1
- rept - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 3
- caesp-rept 3 - 2 1 - - - - - - 3
Ch frut - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1
Ch ep 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1
Total 1 4 13 31 10 10 1 4 2 1 2 79
Table 12. Number of taxa with different chamaephytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica
per month.
Month
Life form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Ch herb
- caesp - - - 3 3 1 1 1 - - - -
succ - - 1 3 6 4 1 - - - - -
rept - - - 2 5 5 2 - - - - Ch
suffr
- caesp - - 3 12 31 28 14 15 15 5 2 -
succ - - - - 1 1 - - - - - -
rept - - 3 3 2 - - - - - - -
caesp-rept - - - 2 2 1 - - - - - Ch
frut - - - 1 1 - - - - - - Ch
ep - - - - 1 1 - - - - - Total
- - 7 26 52 41 18 16 15 5 2 -
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The chamaephytic form contains mostly urbanophobic plants, bound by habitat to canyons of Morača and
Cijevna Rivers and the karst terrains of city hillocks (Srpska and Kakaricka gora). The smallest number of
these plants has been recorded in the W and NW parts of the city area, where grasslands are prevalent
(Mareza, Tološko Polje, Lješkopolje), but also in the SE and E parts (Fig. 35), characterised by exposure to
strong disturbance (Zlatica, Konik, Vrela Ribnička, Stari Aerodrom).
Figure 35. Total number of taxa with chamaephytic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
).
Geophytes
In the flora of Podgorica geophytes are represented with four forms: bulbous geophytes (G bulb), tuberous
geophytes (G tub), root geophytes (G rad) and rhizome geophytes (G rhiz).
Figure 36. Breakdown participation of taxa with geophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica.
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120
Represented with the largest number of taxa are Grhiz forms (40.2%), then Gbulb (34.6%), Gtub (25.8%)
and lastly Grad (3%) (Fig. 36).
Most geophytes flower in May. Regarding the dimensions of the above-ground part, Mes form
dominates (Tables 13 and 14).
Table 13. Number of taxa with different geophytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica per
month.
Month
Life form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
G bulb 4 9 12 17 13 10 6 3 3 2 0 1
G rhiz 0 1 7 22 26 10 10 5 0 0 0 0
G tub 0 1 0 22 26 5 1 2 4 2 0 0
G rad 0 0 2 0 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 0
Total 4 11 21 61 68 29 19 11 7 4 0 1
Table 14. Number of taxa with different geophytic life forms according to the size of the above-ground part of the
plants.
Plant
height
Form
N(˂3cm)
Mi(3-10cm)
Mi-Mes(3-30cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mes-Alt(10,˃1m)
Mac(30-60cm)
Mac-Meg(30-100cm)
Mac-Alt(30,˃1m)
Meg(60-100cm)
Meg-Alt(˃60cm)
Alt(˃1m)
Total
G rhiz - 1 6 6 9 13 1 - 1 2 - 10 4 53
G bulb 3 8 6 6 6 3 - 2 3 - - 3 - 41
G tub - 1 7 17 5 2 - - - - 1 - 1 34
G rad - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - 2 4
Total 3 10 20 29 20 19 1 2 4 3 1 13 7 132
Similar to other forms characterised by the prevalence of the urbanophobic component (Ch, P, H) most
species of geophytes have been recorded in quadrants containing (semi) natural habitats (canyons of Morača
and Cijevna Rivers, thickets on city hillocks and the flooding part of Tološko Polje, Fig. 37).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 121
Figure 37. Total number of taxa with geophytic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
).
Hydrophytes
In the flora of the city area of Podgorica, 30 hydrophytes have been recorded - 23 with perennial geophytic
form, and 7 with annual form (Table 15).
Table 15. Number of taxa with hydrophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica.
Regarding phenology, most hydrophytes flower in June (Table 16). In terms of the dimensions of the aboveground
part, Alt (˃1m) form is dominant (Table 17).
HydG rhiz (18 spp.) HydG rad (5 spp.) HydG non rad (1 spp)
Emer Nat sbm Sbm Sbm
15 2 1 4 1
Total HydG (23 spp.)
HydT rad (4 spp.) HydT er (3 spp.)
Nat nat-sbm nat Sbm
2 2 2 1
Total HydT 7 (spp.)
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Table 16. Number of taxa with different hydrophytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica
per month.
Month
Form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
HydG rhiz
- emer - - - - 6 11 9 5 4 - - -
nat - - - - - - 2 2 - - - -
sbm - - - - - - 2 2 - - - HydG
rad - - - - - - - - - - - -
sbm - - - 1 2 4 3 1 - - - HydT
rad - - - - - - - - - - - -
nat - - - 2 2 2 - - - - - -
nat-sbm - 1 2 2 2 1 - - - - - HydT
er - - - - - - - - - - - -
nat - - - - - 2 2 - - - - -
sbm - - - 1 1 - - - - - - Total
0 1 2 6 13 24 18 6 4 0 0 0
Table 17. Number of taxa with different hydrophytic forms according to the size of the above-ground part of the plants.
Plant height
Form
N(˂3cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mes-Alt(10,˂1m)
Meg-Alt(˂60cm)
Alt(˃1m)
Σ
Hyd G rhiz
- emer - 1 1 1 1 2 9 15
- nat - - - - - - 2 2
- sbm - - - - - 1 - 1
Hyd G non rad
- sbm - - - - - 1 - 1
Hyd G rad
- sbm - - - - - - 4 4
Hyd T rad
-nat - - - - - 2 - 2
- nat-sbm - - - - - - 2 2
Hyd T er
- nat 1 1 - - - - - 2
- sbm 1 - - - - - - 1
Total 2 2 1 1 1 6 17 30
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Hydrophytes are a group with the most limited distribution in the city area (Fig. 38). Most of them have been
recorded at Mareza and along the right bank of Sitnica. Due to their specific ecological requirements,
hydrophytes are completely absent from quadrants located on Ćemovsko Polje and city hillocks.
Figure 38. Total number of taxa with hydrophytic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
)
Parasitic forms
The parasitic form is represented with two sub-forms: ST Par (parasitic scandentophyta & therophyta) and
Par G (parasitic geophyta). The first includes four plants of the genus Cuscuta, while the second is
represented by 6 plants of the genus Orobanche. According to the dimensions of the above-ground part of
the plants, Mes form (10-30 cm) is dominant. The largest number of representatives of the parasitic form
flower simultaneously in May (Table 18).
Table 18. Number of taxa with different parasitic life forms according to the size of the above-ground part of the plants
and in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica per month.
Plant size, Month
Form
Mi(3-10cm)
Mes(10-30cm)
Alt(˃1m)
Total
I-III IV V VI VII VIII IX-XII
Par scand - - 4 4 - - 3 3 2 1 1
Par G 2 4 - 6 - 2 6 2 - - Σ
Par 2 4 4 10 - 2 9 5 2 1 1
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The largest number of taxa have been recorded in the peri-urban zone, due to the fact that the host species
they depend on belong to urbanophobe plants (Fig. 39).
Figure 39. Total number of taxa with parasitic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
)
Scandentophyta
The scandentophytic form is represented with woody (evergreens and deciduous) and herbaceous forms
(annual and perennial). Most of the species flower simultaneously in May (Table 19). Concerning dimension
of the above-ground part of the plant, Alt (˃1m) form is dominant (Table 20).
Table 19. Number of taxa with different scandentophytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of
Podgorica per month.
Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
S lig semp - - - 1 7 9 3 2 1 - - S
lig a - - - 1 2 1 - 1 3 2 - S
herb T - - - 8 12 9 1 - - - - S
herb H - - - - 4 3 1 1 - - - S
herb G rhiz - - - 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 - S
herb G tub - - - - 2 2 - - - - - Σ
S - - - 12 29 25 6 6 6 3 - -
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Table 20. Breakdown participation of taxa with scandentophytic life forms and number of different life forms according
to the size of the above-ground part of the plants.
The most scandentophytes have been recorded in the central part of the city area, in the canyon of Cijevna
River and on Tološko polje (Fig. 40). In terms of behaviour, dominating among them are urbanoneutral
plants.
Figure 40. Total number of taxa with scandentophytic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
).
Plant height
Form
Mes-Mac(10-60cm)
Mes-Meg(10-100cm)
Mac(30-60cm)
Mac-Meg(30-100cm)
Mac-Alt(30,˃1m)
Meg-Alt(˃60cm)
Alt(˃1m)
Total
S lig
- semp - - - - - - 6 6
- a - - - - - - 9 9
S herb
T 4 2 2 1 4 1 - 14
H - - - - - - 4 4
G rhiz - - - - - - 3 3
G tub - - - - - - 2 2
Total 4 2 2 1 4 1 24 38
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126
Phanerophytes
Woody life forms are represented by shrub-like forms, scapose and reptant forms (Fig. 41). The domination
of the shrub-like form is largely influenced by anthropogenic factors. Thereby, some plants have scapose
form in the natural environment (e.g. Carpinus orientalis, Crataegus monogyna or Prunus cerasifera), while
in the anthropogenically influenced ones have the shrub-like form.
Figure 41. Breakdown participation of taxa with phanerophytic life forms in the flora of Podgorica.
The majority of plants flower in May (74), while during September and December none of the woody taxa
are in flower (Table 21). The majority of taxa have a Mes form (5-50 m) (Table 22).
Table 21. Number of taxa with different phanerophytic life forms in the flowering phenophase of the flora of Podgorica
per month.
Table 22. Number of taxa with different phanerophytic life forms according to the size of the above-ground part of the
plants (NP - nanophanerophyte, < 2 m; MiP - microphanerophyte, 2 - 5 m; MesP - mesophanerophyte, 5 - 50 m).
Month
Life form
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
P caesp 1 2 7 28 38 22 3 2 0 1 1 0
P scap 0 5 14 33 31 12 2 2 0 0 0 0
P rept 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 1 0 0 0 0
Σ P 1 7 21 61 72 37 7 5 0 1 1 0
Plant height
Form
NP(˂2m)
MiP(2-5m)
Mi-Mes(2-50m)
MesP(5-50m)
Total
P scap - - 15 36 51
P caesp 31 5 1 23 60
P rept 3 - - - 3
Total 34 5 16 59 114
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Figure 42. Total number of taxa with phanerophytic life forms in the city area of Podgorica per quadrant (1 km2
).
The majority of phanerophytic urbanophobe plants is recorded in the immediate vicinity of Morača and
Cijevna canyons, along the bank of Sitnica, at Mareza, as well as on part of the city hillocks, where
fragments of natural forest vegetation are located (Fig. 42).
The most frequently found plant is the urbanoneutral Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima), which managed
to invade almost all types of habitats.
Ecological indices
Analysing the values of ecological indices of various urban floras, Wittig & Durven (1981), Klotz (1984),
Pyšek & Pyšek (1990) and Wittig (2002) concluded that when plants grow in cities are more demanding in
terms of temperature, nitrogen, and to a smaller degree of humidity. Observing the floristic changes in the
city of Halle from 1848 to 1983, it has been shown that the indicator values for temperature (T), quantity of
nitrogen (N), soil reaction (R) were increased, while the value of the index of humidity (H) was declined
(Klotz 1987).
Concerning light, L7 (26.4%) and L8 (22.3%) taxa are dominant (Table 23). Their high participation
is explained by the domination of open and sunny habitats, exposure of the terrain to direct sunlight, which is
mostly caused by the degradation of the primary forest cover. Sciophyllic plants (L1-L5) are only
represented with 8.6%.
Typical representatives of L7 plants are the following: Anthemis arvensis, Artemisia annua, A.
verlotiorum, Bromus hordeaceus, Cardamine hirsuta, Cerastium glomeratum, Carduus pycnocephalus,
Chenopodium album, Clematis vitalba, Convolvulus arvensis, Crepis neglecta, Erigeron annuus, Geranium
brutium, G. purpureum, Hypericum perforatum, Lamium purpureum, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago
orbicularis, Mercurialis annua, Poa annua, Parietaria judaica, Paliurus spina-christi, Polygonum aviculare,
Polycarpon tretraphyllum, Rubus ulmifolius, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officinale,
Scandix pecten-veneris, Trifolium pratense, Vicia grandiflora, V. villosa subsp. varia, etc.
Typical representatives of L8 plants are the following: Amaranthus hybridus, Avena barbata,
Berteroa mutabilis, Bromus madritensis, Bunias erucago, Calepina irregularis, Carex caryophyllea,
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
128
Chondrilla juncea, Chrozophora tinctoria, Cynodon dactylon, Cuscuta scandens, Dasypyrum villosum,
Erigeron bonariensis, Malva sylvestris, Medicago sativa, Micromeria juliana, Rhagadiolus stellatus, Rumex
pulcher, Sagina apetala, Sherardia arvensis, Silene vulgaris, Sisymbrium officinale, Sedum acre, Sorghum
halepense, Tragus racemosus, Trifolium arvense, T. campestre, T. nigrescens, Veronica persica, Xanthium
orientale subsp. italicum, etc.
Table 23. Values of ecological indices for the taxa of the flora of Podgorica city area. L: light, T: temperature, H:
humidity, R: soil reaction, N: nitrogen. Dominant values of ecological indices are marked in bold letters. x: taxa with
indifferent values. 0: taxa without value.
Indices / Light Temperature Humidity Soil Reaction Nitrogen
Values No taxa % No taxa % No taxa % No taxa % No taxa %
1 2 0.2 1 0.1 9 0.7 5 0.4 99 8.1
2 2 0.2 2 0.2 171 14.0 29 2.4 205 16.8
3 4 0.3 1 0.1 287 23.5 57 4.7 151 12.4
4 33 2.7 22 1.8 226 18.5 68 5.6 130 10.6
5 63 5.2 134 11.0 127 10.4 228 18.7 133 10.9
6 110 9.0 173 14.2 59 4.8 100 8.2 87 7.1
7 322 26.4 262 21.4 50 4.1 223 18.2 90 7.4
8 272 22.3 231 18.9 35 2.9 123 10.1 58 4.7
9 94 7.7 125 10.2 25 2.0 26 2.1 28 2.3
10 1 0.1 18 1.5 22 1.8 - 0.0 - 0.0
11 150 12.3 3 0.2 4 0.3 - 0.0 - 0.0
12 1 0.1 3 0.2 12 1.0 - 0.0 - 0.0
x 4 0.3 82 6.7 32 2.6 192 15.7 65 5.3
0 164 13.4 165 13.5 163 13.3 171 14.0 176 14.4
Total 1222 100 1222 100 1222 100 1222 100 1222 100.0
Concerning temperature, thermophilic species T7 (21.4%) and T8 (18.9%) are dominant, as the city area of
Podgorica is located in the Mediterranean climatic region (Table 23). Lower value of the temperature index
T1-T4 have only 2.2% of the taxa. They are bound to more shady habitats, such as canyon of Morača or
Cijevna Rivers, river banks or humid habitats but also the north slopes of city hillocks. The species with the
highest value of the temperature index (T12): Heliotropium supinum, Chrozophora tinctoria and Aegilops
neglecta.
Typical representatives of T7 index are: Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia annua, A. verlotiorum,
Bromus sterilis, B. madritensis, Cerastium brachypetalum, Chenopodium album, Chondrilla juncea,
Clematis vitalba, Consolida regalis, Convolvulus arvensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli,
Erigeron annuus, Erophila spathulata, Euphorbia helioscopia, Fumaria officinalis, Geranium brutium,
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 129
Lamium purpureum, Mercurialis annua, Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Ranunculus millefoliatus, Tragus
racemosus, Tamus communis, Scandix pecten-veneris, etc.
Typical representatives of T8 index are: Arum italicum, Bupleurum baldense subsp. gussonei,
Berteroa mutabilis, Bunias erucago, Calepina irregularis, Cardamine hirsuta, Carduus pycnocephalus,
Carthamus lanatus, Datura stramonium, Eleusine indica, Erigeron bonariensis, E. sumatrensis, Euphorbia
maculata, Foeniculum vulgare, Geranium lucidum, Heliotropium europaeum, Hypericum perforatum,
Medicago rigidula, Paliurus spina-christi, Parietaria judaica, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Portulaca oleracea,
Punica granatum, Rubus ulmifolius, Rumex pulcher, Scolymus hispanicus, Sorghum halepense, Teucrium
capitatum, Trifolum incarnatum, T. resupinatum, Vicia grandiflora, Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum.
Regarding humidity, the taxa with H3 and H4 index dominate (a total of 42.0%), which correlates
with the climatic conditions and the geomorphology of the study area. Plants belonging to moderately humid,
humid and aquatic habitats (index values H7-H12) are represented with 12.2% and are restricted to the
flooding areas of Mareza, river and channel banks and some micro localities with high levels of ground
water (Table 23).
Some of the representatives with H3 vaules are: Berteroa mutabilis, Bromus madritensis, Calepina
irregularis, Carduus pycnocephalus, Cerastium brachypetalum, Chondrilla juncea, Eryngium amethystinum,
Euphorbia helioscopia, Foeniculum vulgare, Geranium purpureum, Heliotropium europaeum, Hordeum
murinum subsp. leporinum, Leontodon crispus, Linaria pelisseriana, L. vulgaris, Medicago orbicularis,
Parentucellia latifolia, Parietaria judaica, Rhagadiolus stellatus, Reseda phyteuma, Scandix pecten-veneris,
Scrophularia canina, Tragopogon porrifolius, Verbascum blattaria, Vicia grandiflora, Viola kitaibeliana,
etc.
Representatives with H4 values are: Anthemis arvensis, Aristolochia clematitis, Bunias erucago,
Bromus sterilis, Carex caryophyllea, Chenopodium album, Consolida regalis, Convolvulus arvensis,
Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia peplus, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum, Lepidium
virginicum, Lotus corniculatus, Mercurialia annuua, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Polycarpon
tetraphyllum, Ranunculus millefoliatus, Silene vulgaris, Sisymbrium officinale, Sonchus oleraceus, Stellaria
media, Rubus ulmifolius, Trifolium campestre, T. incarnatum etc.
Concerning soil reaction, neutrophilic species are dominant (R5-18.7%), then neutro-basophile
species (R7-18.2%) and indifferent species (Rx-15.7%) (Table 25). Acidophile species (R1-R3) are
represented with 7.5%, acid-neutrophilic with 5.6%, while typical basophile species are presented with 2.1%.
Some of the representatives of R5 are: Ailanthus altissima, Artemisia verlotiorum, Bunias erucago,
Calepina irregularis, Carthamus lanatus, Cardamine hirsuta, Cerastium glomeratum, Convolvulus arvensis,
Datura stramonium, Erigeron annuus, Erodium cicutarium, Euphorbia helioscopia, E. maculata, Galium
aparine, G. mollugo, Geranium brutium, G. dissectum, Lamium purpureum, Lathyrus sphaericus,
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Trifolium incarnatum, T. nigrescens, Vicia grandiflora, Veronica persica, etc.
Some of the representatives with Rx (indifferent) are: Bellis perennis, Bromus sterilis, B.
madritensis, Carduus pycnocephalus, Carex caryophyllea, Crepis sancta, C. foetida, Cuscuta scandens,
Cynodon dactylon, Erigeron sumatrensis, E. canadensis, Hedera helix, Hypericum perforatum, Malva
sylvestris, Medicago arabica, Poa annua, Parietaria judaica, Plantago major, Punica granatum, Setaria
viridis, Senecio vulgaris, Sisymbrium officinale, Silene alba s.l., Tordylium apulum, Verbena officinalis,
Vitex agnus-castus, Xanthium spinosum, X. orientale subsp. italicum, Trifolium stellatum, T. Campestre, etc.
Typical representatives of the R7: Avena barbata, Bupleurum baldense subsp. gussonei, Cerastium
brachypetalum, Chrozophora tinctoria, Eleusine indica, Foeniculum vulgare, Heliotropium europaeum,
Leontodon crispus, Linaria vulgaris, Lotus corniculatus, Mercurialis annua, Paliurus spina-christi, Papaver
rhoeas, Portulaca oleracea, Potentilla reptans, Ranunculus millefoliatus, Rhagadiolus stellatus, Saponaria
officinalis, Sedum hispanicum, Silene vulgaris, Stellaria media, Tragopogon pratensis, Tragus racemosus,
etc.
Concerning N index, oligotrophic plants are dominant: N2-16.8% and N3-12.4% (Table 23), and
with the increase of the nitrogen index the number of taxa declines.
Typical representatives of N2 are: Avena barbata, Bupleurum baldense subsp. gussonei, Cerastium
brachypetalum, Eleusine indica, Heliotropium europaeum, Lathyrus cicera, Leontodon crispus, Lotus
corniculatus, Medicago arabica, Nigella damascena, Rhagadiolus stellatus, Silene vulgaris, Verbascum
phoeniceum, etc.
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130
Typical representatives of N3 are: Anemone hortensis, Bromus hordeaceus, Bunias erucago,
Dichanthium ischaemum, Consolida regalis, Crataegus monogyna, Genista sericea, Hordeum murinum
subsp. leporinum, Petrorhagia saxifraga, Potentilla recta, Ranunculus millefoliatus, Scilla autumnalis etc.
Phytogeographical analysis
In comparison to natural environments, cities represent a relatively young habitat type. According to Pyšek
(1989a), their flora represents a compilation of native (autochthonous) and alien (allochthonous) species.
Plants from the surrounding ecosystems that can adapt to the newly created, anthropogenic environment
belong to the native flora (chorological types I-VIII and partially IX), while plants originating from more or
less remote areas which were brought on purpose or accidentally through human actions, belong to the alien
flora (IX chorological type, pro parte). Phytogeographic spectrum of the flora of Podgorica is given in the
table 24.
Table 24. Phytogeographic spectrum of the flora of Podgorica with chorological types according to Pignatti (1982): IEndemic,
II-Steno-Mediterranean, III-Euri-Mediterranean, IV-Mediterranean-mountainous, V-Eurasian s.l., VIAtlantic,
VII-South European mountainous, VIII-Boreal, IX- Plants with wide distribution.
Chorological type No of taxa %
I 66 5.4
II 98 8.0
III 263 21.5
IV 27 2.2
V 312 25.6
VI 25 2.0
VII 9 0.7
VIII 53 4.3
IX 368 30.1
Total 1221 100.0
Dominant in the flora of Podgorica are plants with wide distribution areas (chorological type IX -30.1%)
which include cosmopolitan (12.8%), Mediterranean-Turan (2.6%), Paleosubtropical (0.6%) and also alien
elements (14.1%). The Eurasian chorological type, in a broader sense (type V-25.6%), and the
Eurimediterranean types follow (type III-21.5%).
Concerning the aspect of areal groups, species of Mediterranean distribution (in a broad sense)
which include type I (Endemic), type II (Stenomediterranean), type III (Eurimediterranean), type IV
(Mediterranean-montane), and partially type IX (Mediterranean-Turanian) taxa are dominating with total of
39.7%.
The endemic chorological type (I) is represented with 5.4%. Comparing this value with those of the
floristic spectra of Rome (0.8%), Patras (3.2%), and Thessaloniki (8.1%) (Fig. 43), the endemic elements in
the phytogeographic spectrum of Podgorica is rather high.
The endemic chorological type includes endemic (4.4%) and sub-endemic (1%) elements such as
Dinaric and Dinaric-Balkan elements of the South European mountainous distribution (e.g. Asperula
scutellaris, Genista sericea, Micromeria longipedunculata, Satureja subspicata, etc.), Illyrian (Adriatic) and
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 131
Illyrian-Balkan elements of Mediterranean distribution (Chaerophyllum coloratum, Crocus dalmaticus,
Dianthus ciliatus subsp. dalmaticus, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Hieracium waldsteinii, Rhamnus orbicularis,
etc.) or sub-endemic Balkan-Apennine taxa (Bupleurum baldense subsp. gussonei, Matthiola fruticulosa,
Onosma echioides, Peucedanum coriaceum, etc.).
Podgorica Rome
Thessaloniki Patras
Figure 43. Chorological spectra of the urban and suburban floras of Podgorica, Rome (Celasti Grapow, 1995),
Thessaloniki (Krigas & Kokkini, 2004; 2005), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis, 1996; 2000).
Due to the presence of semi-natural habitats in the city area of Podgorica, endemic elements have been
recorded in the very urban core (Fig. 44). However, rapid urbanisation and insufficient care for the remaining
fragments of natural habitats represent a serious threat to these plants. Most of the (sub) endemic taxa have
been recorded in quadrants close to the river beds of Morača and Cijevna.
Investigating the flora and vegetation of different Mediterranean cities, Celesti Grapow (1998)
showed that even the most urbanized regions reflected the flora of their immediate surroundings and were
rich in native species, while participation of aliens was generally low, indicating an important role for
apophytes (native plants occupying man-made habitats) in the Mediterranean area. In constrast to the
Mediterranean region, central European cities are characterised by increased uniformity and high
participation of alien plants which may range from 20% to 60%, with an average value of 35-40% (Brandes
1989, Pyšek 1998b). In the area of Podgorica, the alien component is represented with 14.1%.
The comparison of the chorological spectra of Podgorica with those of Rome, Patras and
Thessaloniki, revealed the following (Fig. 43):
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
132
1. Prevalence of plants with wide distribution areas such as cosmopolitans (K) and aliens (A): in
the flora of Rome (K)=11.3% and (A)=15.3%; in the flora of Patras (K)=12.8% and, (A)=12.4%;
in the flora of Thessaloniki (K)=11.3% and (A)=14.5% and in the flora of Podgorica (K)=12.8%
and (A)=14.1%.
2. High participation of the Mediterranean elements in a broader sense (stenomed, eurimed, medmont
and med-turan): in the flora of Patras (54%), Rome (44%), Thessaloniki (39.7%) and
Podgorica (34.3%).
Figure 44. Total number of taxa of the endemic chorological type (I) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of Podgorica.
Due to their ecological preferences, plants of steno-mediterranen and euri-mediterranean chorological type
are the mostly abundant at the sunny, dry and partly disturbed habitats, located mainly in the vicinity of the
river banks of Morača and Cijevna, and on the city hills (Fig. 45-46). Decrease of the number of such taxa
towards NW and W (Mareza, Tološko polje, Vranići, Lješkopolje and part of Kokotski Ovčar), can be
explained with changes in ecological conditions, from xero- to meso- and hygrophilous habitats, while their
decrease in the quadrants of the central and the eastern part of the city is probably due to high anthropogenic
pressure (Figs. 45-46).
Grid distribution of plants of Mediterranean-mountainous (Fig. 47) and South Europeanmountainous
chorological type (Fig. 50) is almost identical to the distribution of the endemic taxa, due to
similar biological properties and overlapping ecological preferences.
Plants of the Eurasian and Atlantic chorological types have been recorded as the most numerous in
quadrants which fully or partially include localities with fragments of natural or semi-natural vegetation:
Mareza, part of Tološko Polje and Lješkopolje, immediate surroundings of the banks of Morača and Cijevna
Rivers and part of Kakaricka gora (Fig. 48-49). These plants mostly prefer rather mesophilic habitats and
their participation is small exactly in those quadrants in which sunny, dry, open and degraded habitats are
prevalent. Within this chorological type, there are only urbanophobic and urbanoneutral plants, while typical
urbanophiles are absent.
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 133
Figure 45. Total number of taxa of the Steno-med
chorological type (II) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of
Podgorica
Figure 46. Total number of taxa of the Euri-med
chorological type (III) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of
Podgorica
Figure 47. Total number of taxa of Mediterranean montaneous
chorological type (IV) per quadrant (1
km2
) in the area of Podgorica.
Figure 48. Total number of taxa of Eurasian chorological
type (V) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of Podgorica.
Plants with wide distribution (IX chorological type) are the most numerous in the central part of the city area
(Fig. 52) and belong to the category of urbanoneutrals or urbanophiles. A small group of MediterraneanTuran
plants are an exception in this group. Their number increases moving away from the central zone and
with declining disturbance regime. Although represented with more than 50% in the chorological type of
wide distribution, the alien component has a relatively small participation in the overall floristic spectrum
(14.1%). This is explained by the city’s relatively new expansion but also by the poorly developed
transportation and trade networks until recently. Saarisalo-Taubert (1963) indicated the existence of a
positive correlation between age of a settlement and structure of its flora. Therefore, we consider the old age
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
134
of Podgorica as the main reason for the small number of aliens. According to Sukopp et al. (1979), Sukopp
& Werner (1983), Pyšek (1989a), and Kowarik (1990), development of a transportation and trade open better
options for the introduction and spread of new species and contribute to their increasing numbers.
Furthermore, the number of alien plants and the size of a settlement has been positively correlated (Sukopp
et al. 1979a, Sukopp & Werner 1983, Pyšek 1989b, 1998a, Pyšek & Pyšek 1991, Hruška 1989). Examples
chosen for our analysis corroborate this regularity. Rome (300 km2
), as the largest of the compared cities, has
the highest participation of the alien component (15.3%), while Patras, as the smallest (55 km2
), has the
smallest participation (12.4%).
Figure 49. Total number of taxa of Atlantic chorological
type (VI) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of Podgorica.
Figure 50. Total number of taxa of S. Eu.-mountainous
chorological type (VII) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of
Podgorica.
Comparing the alien component of the floras of Italian cities, Hruška (1989) concludes that apart from the
positive correlation between the size of a city and the number of alien species, the fact that in medium sized
and large cities the percentage of decorative and naturalised exotic species is higher than in small cities.
Deliberate introduction of plants is considered in many countries of the world as the main source of
allochthonous species (Groves 1998, Mack 2003, Reichard & White 2001). New trends in gardening may
largely contribute to the spread of plants within the boundaries of one country. Biological characteristics,
making a species desirable for growing, almost as a rule may contribute to their successful spreading.
According to Kowarik (2003), the naturalisation rate of the deliberately introduced species is notably higher
than the spreading rate of the accidentally introduced ones.
A good example of a decorative species that managed to spread rapidly across the city area of
Podgorica because of its biological properties is Broussonetia papyrifera, even competing successfully with
Ailanthus altissima. Recently, pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), a plant from the EPPO list of invasive
species (http://www.eppo.int/INVASIVE_PLANTS/ias_lists.htm#IAPList) has become a common park
decorative plant. It will not be surprising if pampas grass will soon go out of control and find its place on the
list of the alien species of Podgorica.
By comparing the number of alien species in sub-urban areas and in the urban core, it has been
observed that their number increases closer to the core (Kunick 1974, Wittig et al. 1989; Kowarik 1990,
Chocholouškova & Pyšek 2003). This trend is also evident in the area of Podgorica (Fig. 53).
The number of alien taxa is also higher in habitats subjected to stronger disturbance regimes such as
landfills, frequently trampled and mown meadows, cultivated land (Siniscalco & Montacchini 1989,
Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis 2000, 2003). Habitats with scarce vegetation composition are more
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 135
vulnerable to biological invasion compared to those with closed vegetation canopy (Kowarik 1995, Chytry et
al. 2005). According to Hobbs & Humphries (1995), the degree of vulnerability of habitat to invasion is
conditioned by three disturbance parameters: intensity, frequency and change in its regime. The findings in
Podgorica also support these statement. Because of the rapid urbanisation, scenes presented in figures 54-62
have become very frequent in the city area. Soon after the degradation of the vegetation cover, the newly
created “bare spaces” are quickly colonised by Ailanthus altissima, Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum, taxa
of the genus Erigeron, Artemisa annua, A. verlotiorum, Bidens subalternans, and Symphyotrichum
squamatum.
Figure 51. Total number of taxa of boreal chorological
type (VIII) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of Podgorica.
Figure 52. Total number of taxa of widespread
distribution (IX) per quadrant (1 km2
) in the area of
Podgorica.
Figure 53. Total number of alien taxa per quadrant (1 km2
) in the Podgorica city area.
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136
Figure 54. Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum and
Ailanthus altissima.
Figure 55. Artemisia verlotiorum.
Figure 56. Bidens subalternans. Figure 57. Erigeron canadensis & E. sumatrensis.
Figure 58. Erigeron bonariensis. Figure 59. Symphyotrichum
squamatum.
Figure 60. Artemisia annua.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 137
Figure 61. Ailanthus altissima. Figure 62. Broussonetia papyrifera.
Dominant among the alien taxa in the flora of Podgorica are plants of Asian (43%) and North American
(23.2%) origin (Fig. 63).
Figure 63. Phytogeographic spectra of the alien floras of Podgorica, Rome (Celasti Grapow, 1995), Thessaloniki
(Krigas & Kokkini, 2004), Patras (Chronopoulos & Christodoulakis 2000). If the native area of a given plant envelops
two or more continents, it was counted for each individual continent.
With the exception of the alien flora of Patras, where the South American element is dominant, prevalent in
the floras of other cities are plants of Asian origin. The majority of these plants have been brought as
ornamentals. Species of Australian origin are negligible (Rome-2%, Podgorica-0.6%) or are completely
absent (Patras, Thessaloniki).
Results of many studies confirm the homoclimatic hypothesis, that certain species of plants have a
hard time going beyond their evolutionary and ecological limitations and that during the process of
expanding their range they conquer areas with ecological conditions similar to those present in their native
habitats (Chicoine et al. 1985, Panetta and Mitchell 1991). This trend has also been proven for higher
taxonomic categories (Pyšek 1998a).
In Central Europe, higher number of alien plants originate from regions warmer than Central Europe,
as quantified by Ellenberg’s temperature indices. Comparing those indices between native flora and
neophytes (aliens introduced after 1500 AD), it has been noticed that the T index with neophytes is higher
(Pyšek 1989b). Due to the geographic positioning of Podgorica which reflects the climatic conditions present
in the area, the differences in T index values are not prominent.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
138
Table 25. Sørensen’s similarity index calculated for the alien floras of Podgorica, Rome, Thessaloniki and Patras.
Comparison of cities Sørensen index (Cs) Value (%)
Podgorica-Roma 2×97*100/(172+196) 52.7
Podgorica-Thessaloniki 2×75*100/(172+147) 47.0
Podgorica-Patras 2×48*100/(172+93) 36.2
Sørensen’s index shows that the alien flora of Podgorica is more like that of Rome-52.7% (Table 25).
Because of the similarity in the taxonomic structure of the floras and climate conditions, the similarity of the
alien floras was to be expected.
Concerning the floristic composition of the alien floras of the compared cities, the domination of
taxa of Asteraceae is prominent (Table 26). Asteraceae are one of the evolutionarily most advanced families
(Cronquist 1981), possessing a series of progressive characteristics in invasion processes, such as high
reproduction rate, specialised way of spreading seeds, capability of generating various metabolic products
protecting them from herbivores and high level of apomixis (Heywood 1989, Pyšek 1997). Extreme habitat
diversity and ecological adaptations may contribute to their success in conquering new spaces (Heywood
1989).
Table 26. Taxonomic spectra of the alien floras of Podgorica, Rome, Patras and Thessaloniki.
City Podgorica Roma Thessaloniki Patras
Family No % No % No % No %
Asteraceae 27 15.7 20 10.2 10 10.8 16 10.9
Poaceae 16 9.3 21 10.7 13 14.0 19 12.9
Fabaceae 10 5.8 14 7.1 0 0.0 3 2.0
Rosaceae 9 5.2 8 4.1 6 6.5 8 5.4
Brassicaceae 7 4.1 7 3.6 5 5.4 14 9.5
Amaranthaceae 7 4.1 10 5.1 5 5.4 10 6.8
Solanaceae 6 3.5 9 4.6 10 10.8 6 4.1
Euphorbiaceae 5 2.9 4 2.0 2 2.2 3 2.0
Cucurbitaceae 5 2.9 4 2.0 2 2.2 4 2.7
Scrophulariaceae 4 2.3 1 0.5 2 2.2 5 3.4
Apiaceae 3 1.7 4 2.0 2 2.2 6 4.1
Others 73
42.4
94 48 57 48.7 53 36.1
Total 172 100 196 100 147 100 93 100
The key to the spreading success of other families, such as Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae is apart
from the high reproduction rate, the long lasting vitality of their seeds and the C4 photosynthetic cycle
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 139
(Cronquist 1970, 1981, Heywood 1989). The characteristics determining whether an alien species becomes
naturalised or invasive are according to Richardson et al. (2000b): perennial life form, capability of
vegetative reproduction and clonality (Pyšek 1997, Kolar & Lodge 2001), as well as the capability of
spreading seeds and fecundity (Noble 1989, Richardson et al 2000a).
Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographic analysis of selected urban habitats of Podgorica (walls,
pavement cracks, roofs, street gutters, parking lots, concrete planters, lawns, trampled habitats of the
urban zone, meadows, railway lines)
The overview of taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the floras of selected types
of urban habitats (walls, cracks in the pavement, roofs, street gutters, parking lots, concrete planters, lawns,
trampled habitats of the urban zone, meadows and dikes along railroad tracks) are presented in Tables 27-36.
Table 27. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of walls in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
102/34 Brassicaceae (10.8)
Lamiaceae (9.8)
Geraniaceae (8.8)
Poaceae (5.9)
Scrophulariaceae (5.8)
L7 (32.4) T8 (29.4)
T7 (27.5)
H2 (24.5)
H3 (24.5)
H4 (21.6)
N2 (18.6)
N3 (14.7)
R5 (25.5)
Rx (21.6)
Typical species: Parietaria judaica, Ceterach officinarum, Cheilanthes persica, Asplenium trichomanes, Geranium
lucidum, G. purpureum, Sedum hispanicum, Cotyledon rupestris, Arabis verna, Cardamine hirsuta, Lamium
purpureum, L. bifidum, Tordylium apulum etc.
Comment: Cymbalaria muralis, which is typical for walls in other cities, was not recorded in this habitata during our
field investigations.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
140
Table 28. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of pavement cracks in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
183/41 Poaceae (21.1%)
Asteraceae (13.0%)
Brassicaceae (7.0%)
Caryophyllaceae (7.0%)
Fabaceae (7.0%)
L8 (34.1%)
L7 (28.1%)
T7 (27.6)
T8 (27.0)
H3 (27.0)
H4 (21.6)
N2 (15.7)
N5 (12.4)
N3 (11.9)
Rx (23.2)
R5 (20.5)
Typical species: Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. leptoclados, Capsella rubella, Cerastium brachypetalum, Cynodon
dactylon, Dichanthium ischaemum, Eleusine indica, Euphorbia maculata, Polygonum aviculare, Portulaca
oleracea, Sagina apetala, Tragus racemosus etc.
Table 29. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of roofs in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
148/45 Poaceae (20.3)
Asteraceae (14.8)
Caryophyllaceae (8.1)
L7 (30.4)
L8 (30.4)
T7 (25.0)
T8 (23.6)
H3 (24.3)
H4 (20.9)
N2 (18.2)
N3 (13.1)
N4 (10.8)
Rx (27.0)
Typical species: Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. leptoclados, Sagina apetala, Sedum acre, S. hispanicum, Crepis setosa,
Juncus bufonius etc.
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 141
Tabela 30. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of street gutters in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
114/29 Asteraceae (18.9)
Poaceae (9.4)
Lamiaceae (9.4)
L7 (39.6) T8 (23.6)
T7 (21.6)
H4 (29.2)
H3 (25)
N7 (17.0)
N5 (15.1)
N4 (13.2)
Rx (28.3)
R5 (21.2)
Typical species: Amaranthus retroflexus, A. deflexus, Stellaria media, Plantago major, Portulaca oleracea, Rorippa
sylvestris, Oxalis corniculata, Cynodon dactylon, Taraxacum officinale etc.
Table 31. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of parking lots in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
115/27 Asteraceae (20.0)
Poaceae (14.7)
Fabaceae (11.3)
L8 (29.6)
L7 (29.6)
T8 (27.8)
T7 (24.3)
H3 (30,4)
H4 (20.9)
N2 (19.1)
N7 (13.9)
Rx (27.0)
R2 (19.2)
R5 (13.0)
Typical species: Polygonum aviculare, Portulaca oleracea, Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. leptoclados, Sagina apetala,
Capsella rubella, Euphorbia maculata, Cynodon dactylon, Setaria viridis, Erodium cicutarium, Tragus racemosus,
Hypericum perforatum, etc.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
142
Table 32. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of concrete planters in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
69/21 Poaceae (24.6)
Asteraceae (11.6)
Geraniaceae (5.8)
Caryophyllaceae (5.8)
L7 (36.2)
L8 (26.1)
T7 (24.6)
T8 (23.3)
H3 (26.1)
H4 (21.7)
H5 (18.8)
N6 (15.9)
N7 (14.5)
Rx(30.4) R5
(29.0)
Typical species: Portulaca oleracea, Veronica persica, Calepina irregularis, Stellaria media etc.
Table 33. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of lawns in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
267/37 Poaceae (20.2)
Asteraceae (13.5)
Fabaceae (12.7)
L7 (29.6)
L8 (28.1)
T8 (26.6)
T7 (19.5)
H3 (29.9)
H4 (22.5)
N2 (18.7)
N3 (14.2)
Rx (25.9)
R5 (22.2)
Typical species: Bellis perennis, Crepis sancta, Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius, Anemone hortensis, Erodium
cicutarium, Euphorbia helioscopia, E. peplus, Geranium brutium, Lamium purpureum, Poa annua, Plantago
lanceolata, P. major, Lolium perenne, Sherardia arvensis, Veronica persica etc.
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Table 34. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of trampled habitats of the urban
zone of Podgorica.
No
species/
Family
Dominant families
(%)
Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
108/23 Poaceae (25.0)
Fabaceae (18.5)
Asteraceae (10.2)
L8 (38.9) T8 (25.0)
T7 (24.1)
H2 (23.1)
H4 (20.4)
N2 (19.4)
N4 (12.0)
N5 (12.0)
N7 (12.0)
Rx (25.9)
R5 (22.2)
Typical species: Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia maculata, Plantago lanceolata, P. major, Polygonum aviculare, P.
arenastrum, Poa annua, Portulaca oleracea, etc.
Table 35. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of meadows in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
561/51 Poaceae (15.5)
Fabaceae(13.8)
Asteraceae (13.6)
L7 (28.2)
L8 (27.0)
T8 (28.2)
T7 (19.5)
H3 (29.6)
H4 (21.1)
N2 (20.4)
N3 (15.5)
R5 (19.8)
R7 (17.1)
Rx (16.8)
Typical species: Bellis perennis, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium subterraneum, Veronica arvensis, Sherardia
arvensis, Geranium brutium, Crepis sancta, Tordylium apulum, Crepis neglecta, Orobanche mutelii, Hypochoeris
cretensis, Vulpia ligustica, Bromus hordeaceus etc.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
144
Table 36. Taxonomic, ecological and phytogeographical characteristics of the flora of railway lines in Podgorica.
No
species/
family
Dominant families (%) Dominant values of ecological indices (%)
L T H N R
391/56 Asteraceae (16.6)
Poaceae (14.3)
Fabaceae (10.2)
L8 (27.9)
L7 (26.6)
T8 (24.0)
T7 (23.8)
H3 (32.2)
H4 (21.0)
N2 (19.7)
N3 (11.8)
R5 (23.8)
R7 (19.2)
Rx (18.3)
Typical species: Ailanthus altissima, Bromus sterilis, Triticum aestivum, Lepidium virginicum, Rubus ulmifolius,
Geranium purpureum, Artemisia annua, A. verlotiorum etc.
Concerning the number of taxa, two types of habitats are characterised by their floristic richness: meadows
containing 46.1% of the city area flora and the dikes along the railroad tracks with 32.1%. The dike is wellknown
as floristically very rich and, according to the interpretation of Wittig et al. (1989), the richness of its
flora can be explained by its linear structure crossing the city space, bordering at the same time with other
types of habitats. This make dikes along railroad tracks the most representative ecological unit of the city.
Comparing habitats according to the taxonomic spectra, the following groups can be formed:
1. Habitats where Poaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae are dominant (pavement cracks, parking lots,
lawns, trampled habitats, meadows, railway lines),
2. Habitats where Poaceae, Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae are dominant (roofs, concrete
planters),
3. Habitats where Poaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae are dominant (street gutters),
4. Habitats where Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae and Geraniaceae are dominant (walls).
Considering the type of biological spectre, habitats with therophytic-hemicryptophytic character
(meadows, lawns, dikes along railroad tracks, street gutters and parkings) are separated from habitats with a
spectrum of therophytic character (walls, roofs, trampled habitats and concrete planters). High participation
of the therophytic form is caused by light, thermal and water regimes of the habitat, but also by the degree of
exposure to disturbance. Almost as a rule, sunny, thermophilic or degraded habitats are characterised by the
prevalence of the annual life form.
Chorologic aspects of floras of the compared habitats are rather diverse. Street gutters and concrete
planters are characterised by the prevalence of the cosmopolitan plants, while in the spectrum of floras of
pavement cracks, parking lots, roofs and trampled habitats the participation of Mediterranean and
cosmopolitan elements is approximately the same. A clear domination of the Mediterranean element is
distinct on lawns, walls and dikes along railroad tracks. Alien species have the largest participation in the
spectra of floras on pavement cracks (24.3%), roofs (21.6%), parking lots (20%), street gutters (19.8%), and
the smallest in meadows (5.2%).
Dominant values of the light index in all types of habitats are L7 and L8, of the temperature index
are T7 and T8, of humidity index are H3 and H4, of the nitrogen index are N2 and N3 (except street gutters
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 145
and pavement cracks with N5) and of the Soil Reaction index are Rx and R5 (except dikes along railroad
tracks with R7).
Typical photographs illustrating some of the analysed habitats are given in the figures 64-69.
Figure 64. Drač (stone walls). Figure 65. Building of Ei Niš (roof).
Figure 66. Main train station, railway lines. Figure 67. Street gutters.
Figure 68. Lawn. Figure 69. Parking lot (near Sports Centre).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
146
Classification of urban habitats of Podgorica
As shown in a growing number of cities across the world, the establishment of GIS (Geographic Information
Systems) databases of green areas and local biodiversity represents the main precondition for carrying out
sustainable urban planning in a city. Providing data on different types of habitats, their diversity and
distribution, data on the diversity of life forms, presence of species of special conservation interest (endemic,
relict, endangered, protected by law or species of international importance), GIS databases are valuable when
making strategic environment studies.
As the development of Podgorica slowly begins to follow European trends, we expect that activities
will start very soon on establishing the “City’s Green Regulations”.
Based on the key for mapping habitats in Belgrade (Cvejić et al. 2007) and Schulte et. al. (1993), a
classification of urban habitats of Podgorica we made. An overview is in the text below:
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS I: Construction zone (envelopes the residential zone, public
facilities, commercial facilities, infrastructural and transportation facilities)
Type of habitat 1. Residential zone (residential facilities)
Subtype a: City core
Subtype b: Suburban residential areas
Type of habitat 2. Public facilities (educational facilities, health care facilities, state authorities, local
authorities, embassies)
Type of habitat 3. Economic facilities
Subtype a: Production facilities (Melamin, Okov, Dairy)
Subtype b: Industrial zone (Tobacco Factory, Marko Radović, Hemomont)
Subtype c: Commercial zone
Type of habitat 4. Commercial facilities
Subtype a: Open markets (Great Market, Truck Market, Small Market)
Subtype b: Shopping malls (ERA, MEX, VOLI, MARKET PLUS, DELTA, HOME market)
Type of habitat 5. Infrastructural and transportation facilities (Water Supply, Telekom, energy
facilities-Zagorič, Tološi, Bus station, Train station, gas stations-Petrovački put, Zabjelo, Blok V,
Zagorič, Zlatica)
Type of habitat 6. Historical and cultural facilities
Subtype a: Historical facilities (Duklja, Grad Nemanjića, Jusovača, Stara Varoš)
Subtype b: Cultural facilities (theatre, galleries)
Type of habitat 7. Unfinished, abandoned or temporary facilities (green areas around the facilities
treated as fallow land habitats)
Subtype a: Unfinished constructions
Subtype b: Abandoned constructions, industrial or agricultural facilities (Radoje Dakić)
Subtype c: Temporary facilities (workers’ settlements)
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS II: Transportation network
Type of habitat 1. Roads (regional roads, streets, bridges, passages and stairways)
Subtype a: Green areas along roads
Variety 1: Woody and shrub-like formations
Variety 2: Herbaceous formations
Subtype b: Spontaneous vegetation occurring immediately on the edges of roads
Type of habitat 2. Roads and paths (macadam, village roads, forest paths)
Type of habitat 3. Parking lots
Type of habitat 4. Railroad transportation (railroad tracks, dikes along railroad tracks)
Variety a: Formations with the domination of herbaceous annual or perennial forms
Variety b: Formations with shrub-like or woody flora
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS III: Green areas in the urban core
Type of habitat 1. Physical structures intended for sports and recreation (stadiums, sports courts,
running tracks, playgrounds)
Subtype a: Grass courts (stadiums)
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Subtype b: Running tracks in wooded areas
Subtype c: Playgrounds on gravel (yards)
Type of habitat 2. Cultivated green areas
Subtype a: Parks
Subtype b: Park forests
Subtype c: Tree-lined avenues
Subtype d: Lawns in front of residential or public facilities
Type of habitat 3. Non-cultivated green areas and city fallow land
Subtype a: Lawns
Subtype b: Concrete planters
Subtype c: Formations with the domination of woody and shrub-like species
Subtype d: Planted forests
Subtype e: Cemeteries
Subtype f: Neglected backyards and ruins
Variety 1: Formations with the domination of herbaceous annual or perennial forms
Variety 2: Formations with shrub-like or woody form
Subtype g: Trampled habitats
Variety 1: Walking lanes
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS IV: Walls, roofs and sidewalks
Type of habitat 1. Walls
Type of habitat 2. Roofs
Type of habitat 3. Sidewalks
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS V: Green areas outside of the strict urban zone
Type of habitat 1. Hedges (line formations of shrubs and low bushes in fields, of up to 20 m in width)
Type of habitat 2. Thickets
Subtype: Deciduous thicket
Subtype: Mixed, deciduous-evergreen thicket
Type of habitat 3. Individual trees, groups of trees and groves
Type of habitat 4. Meadows
Subtype: Xerophilic meadows
Subtype: Mesophilic meadows
Subtype: Hygrophilic meadows
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS VI: Biotopes with poorly developed vegetation
Type of habitat. Karst terrains
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS VII: Open-pit mines and garbage dumps
Type of habitat 1. Open-pit mines (exploitation of gravel on Ćemovsko Polje)
Subtype a: Active open-pit mines
Subtype b: Inactive open-pit mines
Type of habitat 2. Garbage dumps
Variety 1: Formations with the domination of herbaceous annual or perennial forms
Variety 2: Formations with shrub-like or woody flora
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS VIII: Water surfaces
Type of habitat 1. Flowing waters
Subtype a: Springs (Vrelo Ribničko)
Subtype b: Streams (permanent and temporary)
Subtype c: Small rivers
Subtype d: Rivers
Subtype c: Channels
Type of habitat 2. Flowing water banks
Subtype a: Thickets and hedges
Subtype b: Rocks and rock shelter
Subtype c: Sandy and gravel beaches
Type of habitat 3. Still water surfaces
Subtype a: Permanent water accumulations
Variety 1: Red lake-red mud dump of the Aluminium Plant Podgorica (KAP)
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
148
Variety 2: Mareza Fish Farm, Vrela Ribnička
Subtype b: Temporary still water surfaces (ponds)
Type of habitat 4. Banks of still water surfaces
Type of habitat 5. Flooding zone (Mareza)
Subtype a: Periodically dry habitats, with the domination of low hydromorphic herbaceous forms
(Equisetum, Carex, Eleocharis) zones of still or flowing waters
Subtype b: Periodically dry habitats, with reed thickets outside of the zones of still or flowing waters
(reed thicket at the foot of Srpska Hill)
MAIN GROUP OF HABITATS IX: Agricultural land surfaces
Type of habitat 1. Farm land
Subtype a: Intensively cultivated
Subtype b: Neglected
Type of habitat 2. Orchards and vineyards (plantations of “Agrokombinat”)
Type of habitat 3. Meadows
Subtype a: Dry meadows
Variety 1: Mown
Variety 2: Non mown
Subtype b: Moist meadows
Variety 1: Mown
Variety 2: Non mown
Subtype c: Flooding meadows
Type of habitat 4. Hotbeds
Type of habitat 5. Experimental fields
Type of habitat 6. Bounds
Some remarks about vegetation of the area
Dealing with the evaluation of the number of taxa in certain types of habitats, in the area of the city of
Podgorica, we have recognised the following plant communities:
PARIETARIETEA JUDAICAE Oberd. 1977.
Parietarion judaicae Segal 1969.
Ass. Parietarietum judaicae (Arenes 1928) Oberd. 1977.
BIDENTETEA TRIPARTITI R.Tx., Lohm. et Preising ex Rochow 1951.
Bidentetalia tripartitae Br.-Bl et Tx. ex Klika et Hadac 1944.
Bidentition tripartitae Nordhagen 1940.
Aggr. a Xanthium italicum
POLYGONO-POETEA ANNUAE Rivas-Martinez 1975.
Polygono arenastri-Poetalia annuae R.Tx 1972.
Polycarpion tetraphylli Rivas-Martinez 1975.
Ass. Bryo-Saginetum apetalae Blasi et Pignati 1984
Soc. a Cynodon dactylon
Soc. a Polygonetum arenastrum
STELLARIETEA MEDIAE R. Tx. Lohm et Preising et Rochow 1951.
Chenopodietalia muralis Br.-Bl. 1936.
Ass. Xanthio italici-Daturetum stramonii Fanelli 2002
Soc. a Chenopodium album
Ass. Conyzetum albido-canadensis Baldoni et Biondi 1993.
Eragrostietalia R.Tx ex Poli 1966.
Polycarpo-Eleusinion indicae Carni et Mucina 1998.
Ass. Eleusinetum indicae Pignatti 1953.
Sisymbrietalia officinalis J. Tx, Lohmeyer et Preising in R. Tx 1950.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
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Hordeion leporini Br. Bl. et al. 1952.
Ass. Hordeetum leporinii Br.-Bl. 1936.
Ass. Trisetarietum paniceae Hruska 1990 ex Fanelli 2001
Soc.a Carduus pycnocephalus
KOELERIO-CORYNEPHORETEA Klika 1941.
Alysso-Sedetalia albi Moravec 1967.
Alysso-Sedion albi Oberd. et Muller 1961
Ass. a Saxifraga tridactylites et Erophila verna
THERO-BRACHYPODIETEA Br.-Bl. ex A. de Bolos et Vayreda 1950.
Brometalia rubenti tectorum Rivas-Martinez 1977.
Vulpio-Lotion Horvatić 1960.
Ass. Vulpio ligusticae-Dasypyretum villosii Fanelli 1998.
Thero-Brachypodietalia Br.-Bl.
Thero-Brachypodion Br.-Bl.
Ass. Medicagini rigidulae-Aegilopetum geniculatae Rivas-Martinez et Izco 1977.
QUERCO-FAGETEA Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937.
Prunetalia spinosae R. Tx. 1952.
Pruni-Rubion ulmifolii O. Bolos 1954.
Soc.a Rubus ulmifolius
Populetalia albae Br.-Bl. ex Tchou 1948
Alno-Quercion roboris Horvat 1950
Ass. Leucojo aestivi-Fraxinetum oxycarpae Glavač 1959
SALICETEA PURPUREAE Moor 1958
Salicetalia purpureae Moor 1958
Salicion albae Soó 1951
Ass. Salicetum albae Issler 1926
Due to the fact that vegetation of the city area was not the topic of the research, mentioned
associations present only a part of the total vegetation diversity.
Threats to the native flora of Podgorica and future trends in the change of floristic composition
Fragmentation of habitats or their complete loss are considered to be key factors in endangering current
vegetation. Rapid urbanisation in Podgorica over the last decade caused a visible decrease in green areas but
also the change of their composition. Following new trends in landscape architecture, the existing lush tree
lanes of lime trees (Tilia spp.) and sycamores (Platanus spp.) are being replaced with exotic subtropical
species and floristically diverse lawns are being planted over with monotype green carpets or simply covered
with concrete.
With the merging of suburban settlements with the urban core, significant part of grass surfaces,
thickets and hedges have been permanently lost. The need for new construction surfaces started to endanger
the city hillocks of Podgorica as well. The phenomenon of “cutting into hillsides”, in conjunction with fires,
threatens fragments of natural forest vegetation, and by that, the habitats of semiskiophilic and mesophilic
species, such as Anemone apennina, Erythronium dens-canis, Fragaria viridis, Potentilla micrantha, Scilla
vindobonensis, etc. (Fig. 70-73).
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150
Figure 70. Anemone apennina. Figure 71. Potentilla micrantha.
Figure 72. Erythronium dens-canis. Figure 73. Scilla vindobonensis.
The idea to meliorate the wider area of Mareza in order to urbanise it further, endangers its sensitive
hygrophilic flora. If doing so, the following species would lose their habitats and will vanish from the city
area: Caltha palustris, Cladium mariscus, Gratiola officinalis, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus sp., Leucojum
aestivum, Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, Silene flos-cuculi, Succisella petteri, Scirpus spp. (Fig. 74-77).
Figure 74. Iris pseudacorus. Figure 75. Silene flos-cuculi.
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 151
Figure 76. Gratiola officinalis. Figure 77. Ranunculus ophioglossifolius.
Exploitation of gravel has been long recognised as an important factor endangering the vegetation. Today,
due to increased demand for construction materials, the exploitation of gravel has intensified, so that, apart
from the remote digs, new digs have opened along the course of Morača and on Ćemovsko Polje. The
increase in the intensity of construction, but also the growth of population have caused the expansion of the
existing landfills and the creation of new ones.
Uncontrolled planting of alien plants (exotics) is recognised as especially dangerous for the native
flora and may alter the floristic “identity” of the city. These plants can start growing uncontrolled once
introduced and may become invasive. Problems already exist i.e. Brussonetia papyrifera which started
spreading rapidly across the city area thanks to the capability of vegetative reproduction, and started to
compete even with the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima). Recently, pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana, a
well known invasive species, is frequently introduced to city lawns and green islands by local authorities.
On a global scale, after loss of habitat, biological invasions are considered to be the main cause for
the loss of biodiversity (Mooney 1988, Lodge 1993, Huston 1994). This type of threat to the diversity of
native species has not been paid any attention so far at the local scale (in the case of Podgorica).
In the area of Podgorica, we have recorded 33 taxa which are included in the list of protected plants
(Official Gazette of Montenegro 76/06). These are (Fig. 78-87): Anacamptys coriophora, A. palustris, A.
morio subsp. morio, A. morio subsp. albanica, A. papilionacea, Colchicum hungaricum, Cyclamen
hederifolium, Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. ebelii, Chaerophyllum coloratum, Galanthus nivalis, Gladiolus
palustris, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Iris tuberosa, Neotinea tridentata, Ophrys apifera, O. bertolonii, O.
incubacea, O. scolopax subsp. cornuta, O. sphegodes subsp. sphegodes, O. tenthredinifera, Orchis
provincialis, O. quadripunctata, Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca, Sternbergia colchiciflora, S. lutea,
Succisella petteri, Serapias cordigera, S. lingua, S. vomeracea subsp. laxiflora, S. vomeracea subsp.
vomeracea, Spirantes spiralis, and Vincetoxicum huteri, while the following species are of international
importance: Chaerophyllum coloratum, Hycinthella dalmatica, and Micromeria longipedunculata and all
orchids (Stevanović et al. 1995b). Species Gagea amblyopetala is proposed to be added on the list of
vascular plants protected by the National Law (Petrović et al. 2008).
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
152
Figure 78. Gladiolus palustris. Figure 79. Iris tuberosa. Figure 80. Hyacinthella dalmatica.
Figure 81. Ophrys scolopax subsp. Figure 82. Ophrys tenthredinifera. Figure 83. Ophrys bertolonii.
cornuta.
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 153
Figure 84. Chaerophyllum coloratum. Figure 85. Cyclamen hederifolium.
Figure 86. Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca. Figure 87. Sternbergia lutea.
Observing the trends of change of the floristic composition of cities in during the last two centuries,
numerous authors notice a significant decline in the number of native plants. Sukopp (1973), shows that in
the period between 1850 and 1950, some European cities faced a 4-16% loss of their native flora. Klotz
(1987) and Landolt (2000) pointed out that over the past one to two centuries the number of species in city
floras remained approximately the same but that the composition of those floras changed, to the disadvantage
to of native flora which got replaced by alien components in 30-40% of the cases examined. This is also
shown for Warsaw (Sudnik-Wojcikovska 1987) over the period of 150 years where 15% of the native flora
vanished, while in Zurich, over the last 160 years, only 5.7% of the native plants were lost (Landolt, 2001).
In the Czech industrial city of Plzeň the loss of native species has been 11.5% over the past 120 years
(Chocholouškova & Pyšek 2003). The Belgian city of Turnhout can serve as a drastic example of the general
loss of native plants, where approximately 25% of the native flora was replaced by aliens in the period from
1888 to 1990 (Van der Veken et al. 2004). The phenomenon of the loss of native flora, also spreading of
alien species is known as biotic homogenisation (McKinney & Lockwood 1999, McKinney 2006, Olden et
al. 2004, La Sorte & McKinney 2006).
Due to the aforementioned urbanisation, which on one hand causes the loss of native flora, and on
the other facilitates the expansion of the alien flora, we expect the effect of the biotic homogenisation to be
noticeable in the area of Podgorica as well.
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154
Considering the fact that historical literature data about the flora of Podgorica is rather heterogeneous and
rarely include information about abundance or frequency of occurrence of species, it was not possible to do
detail analysis of the changes in species composition. Nevertheless, in the case of some species changes are
evident: i) In the Conspectus Florae Montenegrinae Chenopodium murale is considered as “non frequent”
(Rohlena 1942), while today species is common in the city area; ii) Cardamine glauca is considered as
“frequent” (Rohlena 1942), while today is rather rare; iii) Several species like Adonis annua, Thalictrum
minus, Geranium sanguineum, Peucedanum alsaticum, Cymbalaria muralis, Phleum montanum were not
registered during our field surveys. We consider the species extinct, due to complete loss of habitats or major
habitat changes. In a former time, wheat crops (common habitat of Adonis annua), were present in the city
area, while rocky grasslands and shrubs (common habitats of Geranium sanguineum, Peucedanum
alsaticum, Phleum montanum, Thalictrum minus), as well as walls (Cymbalaria muralis) were more frequent
than today; iv) Majority of the most frequent alien species like members of the genus Erigeron, Artemisia
verlotiorum, Broussonetia papyrifera, Symphyotrichum squamatum, Sporobolus indicus were recorded in the
area in period after 2004 (Hadžiablahović 2004, Stešević & Jovanović 2005, Stešević & Jogan 2006). Due to
the fact that alien flora has never been systematically investigated, it is certainly that these species invaded
city area much before. In older literature sources Artemisia annua, Sorghum halepense and Xanthium
orientale subsp. italicum were listed (Rohlena 1942). Together with Ailanthus altissima above mentioned
alien species are considered as the quickest and the most frequent colonisers of disturbed habitats in
Podgorica city area. In other European cities (Hruška, 2000) these strong competitive species cause the
decline of biodiversity in certain habitats and contribute to the loss of the characteristic physiognomy of the
vegetation cover.
Based on the results of the studies dealing with changes in the composition of urban floras over time
(e.g. Gutte 1992, Klotz 1987, Landolt 2000, Chocholouškova & Pyšek 2003, Pyšek et al. 2004, DeCandido
2004, Van der Veken et al. 2004), we assume that in the area of Podgorica the participation of aliens will
increase, the frequency of the annual forms will also increase, as well as the frequency of taxa with higher
temperature and light demands, and lower demands for humidity.
Allergenic flora of Podgorica
The allergenic flora of Podgorica includes 253 taxa of wild vascular plants. Commonly, the pollen of
allergenic plants is grouped in three basic categories: that of woody plants, of weeds and of grasses (Esch et
al. 2001). In the city area of Podgorica, 32 taxa of woody allergenic plants are flowering from February to
April. The number of weed allergenic taxa is 76. These species flower from the end of April to October.
Allergenic grasses are the most numerous (145). This category of plants are also in flower from April to
October.
Some of the allergenic plants of Podgorica city area are (Fig. 88-98):
Figure 88. Pinus halepensis. Figure 89. Cupressus sempervirens. Figure 90. Juglans regia.
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 155
Figure 91. Populus nigra. Figure 92. Salix alba. Figure 93. Quercus pubescens.
Figure 94. Acer negundo. Figure 95. Broussonetia papyrifera.
Figure 96. Dasypyrum villosum. Figure 97. Sorghum halepense. Figure 98. Ambrosia artemisiifolia.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
156
Conclusions
1. The flora of the Podgorica city area includes 1222 species and sub-species of vascular plants (561
genera, 121 family), representing a third of the Montenegrin flora. The richness and diversity of the city’s
flora are caused by the local geomorphology and climatic conditions of the area, the high diversity of
habitats with different anthropogenic impact and the increased immigration of plants from the surrounding
ecosystems.
2. Concerning the distribution of the species number by quadrant in the city area of Podgorica there is
no gradient between growing number of species and distance from the urban core. However, if the
distribution of the number of taxa per habitat is taken into consideration, it is clear that the homogeneity of
habitats and the increase in the urbanisation leads to decline of the number of wild growing taxa.
3. The number of urbanophile species is highest in the urban core and gradually declines towards the
periphery. Prevalent among the urbanophiles are annual and alien plants. Urbanophobes are mostly frequent
in the peripheral quadrants, located in the NE, NW and S parts of the city area. They are also recorded in
significant numbers in the very urban core, due to the presence of (semi-) natural habitats. Moving from the
centre towards the periphery in NW, SE and SW directions, correlated with the decrease in the participation
of green areas and the increased disturbance, the number of urbanophobes decreases. Considering the life
forms and geographic distribution, hemicryptophytes and Mediterranean plants are dominant.
Urbanoneutrals show no clear distribution pattern and mostly include annual taxa and plants of
Mediterranean distribution.
4. The most common in the flora of Podgorica are members of Poaceae (11.5), Asteraceae (11.2%) and
Fabaceae (9.2%). Prevalent within the family of grasses are urbanophobic and urbanoneutral plants, while
within the family of Asteraceae are urbanoneutral ones and within the family of Fabaceae urbanophobic
ones. The families Scrophulariaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Geraniaceae, Solanaceae,
Malvaceae and Amaranthaceae are characterised by the presence of a large number of synanthropic plants.
5. The most common genera are Trifolium (2.1%), Euphorbia (1.4%), Carex, Ranunculus and Bromus
(1.3% each), Veronica (1.2%), Allium (1.1%), Vicia and Lathyrus (1% each). Although a significant number
of their members is considered as ruderal or ruderal-segetal plants, only a small number of them were found
to be typical urbanophiles in Podgorica. The situation is similar with the typical synanthropic genera of
Chenopodium (0.9%), Rumex (0.8%) and Amaranthus (0.6%).
6. Through the analysis of the similarity index of the flora of Podgorica and the floras of Vienna,
Zurich, Rome, Patras and Thessaloniki, it was found that the flora of Podgorica is more similar to the flora of
Rome (Cs=69.4%).
7. The life form (biological) spectrum of Podgorica is marked by a therophitic-hemicryptophytic
character, primarily due to the climatic conditions of the area and secondly due to constant anthropogenic
disturbance regimes. Similar to the spectra of other Mediterranean cities, geophytes appear with significant
participation (11.7%) in the local flora.
8. Concerning phenology, Podgorica is a city in with no interruption of vegetation growth and in which
something is always in flower. The majority of plants flower in May, the smallest number flowers in
December.
9. Regarding the ecological temperature index, dominating in the city area are thermophilic plants (T7
and T8), an indication of the Mediterranean character of the city area of Podgorica. Prevalent in terms of the
light index are heliophylic plants (L7 and L8), conditioned by exposure of the terrain to sunlight, as well as
by the degradation of the primary forest cover and the domination of open and sunny habitats. Dominant in
terms of soil reaction are neutrophilic and neutro-basophilic species (R5 and R7), and in terms of nutrients
oligotrophic plants (N2 and N3). Dominating in terms of the humidity index are H3 and H4 plants, as
expected considering the climatic conditions and hydrography of the area.
10. Elements of the native flora are represented with 85.9% in the city of Podgorica. Dominant among
them are plants of Mediterranean distribution. Participation of alien taxa is relatively small (14.1%) probably
due to the short history of the settlement and the poorly developed transportation and trading networks.
Dominant among aliens are members of Asteraceae (15.7%) and plants of Asian (43%) and North American
origin (23.2%).
11. The comparative analysis of selected habitat types in the area of Podgorica showed that two habitat
types are distinguished by prominent floristic richness: meadows (46.1%) and dikes along railroad tracks
(32.1%).
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Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 157
12. The list of urban habitats of the city area of Podgorica consists of 9 main groups of habitats and 34
types of habitats.
13. Dealing with the evaluation of the number of species in certain types of habitats, in the area of the
city of Podgorica, we have recognised 18 plant communities: Ass. Parietarietum judaicae (Arenes 1928)
Oberd. 1977., Aggr. a Xanthium italicum, Ass. Bryo-Saginetum apetalae Blasi et Pignati 1984 ex Fanelli,
Soc. a Cynodon dactylon, Soc. a Polygonetum arenastrum, Ass. Xanthio italici-Daturetum stramonii Fanelli
2002, Soc. a Chenopodium album, Ass. Conyzetum albido-canadensis Baldoni et Biondi 1993., Ass.
Eleusinetum indicae Pignatti 1953., Ass. Hordeetum leporinii Br.-Bl. 1936., Ass. Trisetarietum paniceae
Hruska ex Fanelli, Soc. a Carduus pycnocephalus, Ass. a Saxifraga tridactylites et Erophila verna, Ass.
Vulpio ligusticae-Dasypyretum villosii Fanelli 1998., Ass. Medicagini rigidulae-Aegilopetum geniculatae
Rivas-Martinez et Izco 1977., Soc. a Rubus ulmifolius, Ass. Leucojo aestivi-Fraxinetum oxycarpae Glavač
1959 and Ass. Salicetum albae Issler 1926, out of 8 classes: PARIETARIETEA JUDAICAE Oberd. 1977.,
BIDENTETEA TRIPARTITI R.Tx., Lohm. et Preising ex Rochow 1951., POLYGONO-POETEA
ANNUAE Rivas-Martinez 1975., STELLARIETEA MEDIAE R. Tx. Lohm et Preising et Rochow 1951.,
KOELERIO-CORYNEPHORETEA Klika 1941., THERO-BRACHYPODIETEA Br.-Bl. ex A. de Bolos et
Vayreda 1950., QUERCO-FAGETEA Br.-Bl. et Vlieger 1937. and SALICETEA PURPUREAE Moor 1958.
Due to the fact that vegetation of the city area was not the topic of the research, mentioned associations
present only a part of the total vegetation diversity.
14. Fragmentation of habitats or their complete loss are considered to be key factors in endangering
current vegetation. Rapid urbanisation in Podgorica over the last decade caused a visible decrease in green
areas but also the change of their composition. Following new trends in landscape architecture, the existing
lush tree lanes of lime trees (Tilia spp.) and sycamores (Platanus spp.) are being replaced with exotic
tropical species and floristically diverse lawns are being planted over with monotype green carpets or simply
covered with concrete. Furthermore, fires, potential melioration of Mareza wetland area, exploitation of
gravel along the river courses of Morača and Cijevna, expansion of the existing landfills and creation of new
ones, as well as uncontrolled planting of alien species are recognized as the major treats to the plant life. Due
to constant degradation and loss of habitat in the strict urban zone of Podgorica which is reflected in the
significant reduction of green areas, we expect that the richness and the diversity of the native flora will start
declining rapidly while those of the alien flora will start rising soon.
15. Considering the fact that historical literature data about the flora of Podgorica is rather
heterogeneous and rarely include information about abundance or frequency of occurrence of species, it was
not possible to do detail analysis of the changes in species composition. Nevertheless, in the case of some
species changes are evident: i) Nowadays Chenopodium murale become very common in the city area, while
in the past it was estimated like “non frequent”; ii) Cardamine glauca is considered as “frequent”, while
today is rather rare; iii) Several species like Adonis annua, Thalictrum minus, Geranium sanguineum,
Peucedanum alsaticum, Cymbalaria muralis, Phleum montanum were not registered during the field surveys.
They are considered as extinct, due to complete loss of habitats or major habitat changes. iv) Majority of the
most frequent alien species like members of the genus Erigeron, Artemisia verlotiorum, Broussonetia
papyrifera, Symphyotrichum squamatum, Sporobolus indicus were recorded in the area in period after 2004.
Due to the fact that alien flora has never been systematically investigated, it is certainly that these species
invaded the city area much before. In older literature sources Artemisia annua, Sorghum halepense and
Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum were listed. Together with Ailanthus altissima above mentioned alien
species are considered as the quickest and the most frequent colonisers of disturbed habitats in Podgorica
city area. In other European cities these strong competitive species cause the decline of biodiversity in
certain habitats and contribute to the loss of the characteristic physiognomy of the vegetation cover.
16. In the area of Podgorica, we have recorded 33 taxa which are included in the list of protected plants
(Official Gazette of Montenegro 76/06) or the plants of international importance: Anacamptys coriophora, A.
palustris, A. morio subsp. morio, A. morio subsp. albanica, A. papilionacea, Chaerophyllum coloratum,
Colchicum hungaricum, Cyclamen hederifolium, Cymbalaria microcalyx subsp. ebelii, Galanthus nivalis,
Gladiolus palustris, Hyacinthella dalmatica, Iris tuberosa, Micromeria longipedunculata, Neotinea
tridentata, Ophrys apifera, O. bertolonii, O. incubacea, O. scolopax subsp. cornuta, O. sphegodes subsp.
sphegodes, O. tenthredinifera, Orchis provincialis, O. quadripunctata, Romulea linaresii subsp. graeca,
Sternbergia colchiciflora, S. lutea, Succisella petteri, Serapias cordigera, S. lingua, S. vomeracea subsp.
laxiflora, S. vomeracea subsp. vomeracea, Spirantes spiralis, and Vincetoxicum huteri.
THE URBAN FLORA OF PODGORICA
158
17. The allergenic flora of Podgorica includes 253 taxa of wild vascular plants whose pollen has been
grouped into three categories: woody plants pollen (32 taxa), weed pollen (76 taxa) and grass pollen (145).
Tree pollen is present from February to April, while weed and grass pollen from April to October.
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to express their very great appreciation to reviewers Dr Nikos Krigas (Department of
Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece) and Dr Alexander Mrkvicka
(Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Austria) for the critical revision of the manuscript and its
improvements. We are particularly grateful to Zoja Bećović for the assistance during the field work and in
herbarium collection.
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STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 167
Index
Abutilon 64
Acacia 65
Acanthaceaea 17
Acanthus 17
Acer 17
Aceraceae 17
Achillea 21, 22
Achnatherum 91
Adianthaceae 15
Adianthum 15
Adonis70
Aegilops 91
Aegonychon 32
Aetheorhiza 22
Aethionema 34
Agave 85
Agrimonia 73
Agrostemma 40
Agrostis 92
Ailanthus 80
Aira 92
Ajuga 59
Albizzia 65
Alcea 64
Alisma 84
Alismataceae 84
Alkanna 32
Alliaria 34
Allium 84, 85
Alnus 32
Alopecurus 92
Althaea 64
Alyssoides 34
Alyssum 34
Amaranthaceae 17
Amaranthus 17, 18
Amaryllidaceae 84
Ambrosia 22
Ammoides 18
Amorpha 49
Anacamptis 90
Anacardiaceae 18
Anagallis 70
Anchusa 32
Anemone 70
Anthemis 22
Anthriscus 18
Antirrhinum 78
Anthoxanthum 92
Anthyllis 49
Aphanes 73
Apiaceae 18
Apocinaceae 21
Aquilegia 70
Arabidopsis 34
Arabis 35
Araceae 85
Araliaceae 21
Arbutus 48
Arceuthobium 64
Arctium 22
Arenaria 40
Aristolochia 21
Aristolochiaceae 21
Armoracia 35
Arrhenatherum 92
Artemisia 22
Arum 86
Arundo 92
Asclepiadaceae 21
Asclepias 21
Asparagaceae 85
Asparagus 85
Asperula 75
Asphodeline 102
Asphodelus 102
Aspleniaceae 16
Asplenium 16
Asteraceae 21
Asterolinon 70
Astragalus 49
Asyneuma 39
Athyrium 16
Atriplex 43
Avena 92, 93
Ballota 59
Balsaminaceae 31
Barbarea 35
Bellis 23
Berberidaceae 32
Berteroa 35
Berula 18
Beta 43
Betulaceae 32
Bidens 23
Bignoniaceae 32
Bituminaria 49
Blackstonia 57
Bombycilaena 23
Boraginaceae 32
Brachypodium 93
Brassica 35
Brassicaceae 34
Briza 93
Bromus 93, 94
Broussonetia 65
Bryonia 47
Buglossoides 33
Bunias 35
Bunium 18
Bupleurum 18
Butomaceae 86
Butomus 86
Cactaceae 38
Calendula 23
Calepina 35
Calitriche 38
Callitrichaceae 38
Caltha 70
Calystegia 45
Campanula 39
Campanulaceae 39
Cannabaceae 39
Cannabis 39
Caprifoliaceae 39
Capsella 36
Capsicum 80
Cardamine 36
Cardaria 36
Carduus 23
Carex 86, 87
Carlina 23
Carpinus 32
Carthamus 24
Caryophyllaceae 40
Catalpa 32
Celasteraceae 43
Celtis 82
Centaurea 24
Centaurium 57
Cephalaria 47
Cerastium 40, 41
Ceratophyllaceae 43
Ceratophyllum 43
Cercis 49
Chaenorhinum 78
Chaerophyllum 18
Chamaecytisus 49
Chamaemelum 24
Chelidonium 67
Chenopodiaceae 43
Chenopodium 43, 44
Chondrilla 24
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168
Chrozophora 48
Chrysopogon 94
Cichorium 24
Cionura 21
Cirsium 24
Cistaceae 44
Cistus 44
Citrullus47
Cladium 87
Cleistogenes 94
Clematis 71
Clinopodium 59
Colchicaceae 86
Colchicum 86
Colutea 49
Commeliaceae 86
Commelina 86
Consolida 71
Convolvulaceae 45
Convolvulus 45
Coriandrum 18
Cornaceae 46
Cornus 46
Coronilla 49
Coronopus 36
Corylus 32
Cota 24
Cotinus18
Cotoneaster 73
Crassulaceae 46
Crataegus 73
Crepis 25
Crocus 89
Cruciata 76
Crupina 25
Cucumis47
Cucurbita 47
Cucurbitaceae 47
Cupressaceae 16
Cupressus 16
Cuscuta 45
Cyanus 25
Cyclamen 70
Cydonia 73
Cymbalaria 78
Cynodon 94
Cynoglossum 33
Cynosurus 94
Cyperaceae 86
Cyperus 87, 88
Dactylis 95
Danthoniastrum 95
Dasypyrum 95
Datura 81
Daucus 18, 19
Delphinium 71
Descurainia 36
Desmazeria 95
Dianthus 41
Dichantium 95
Dictamnus 77
Digitaria 95
Dioscoreaceae 88
Diplotaxis 36
Dipsacaceae 47
Dipsacus 47
Dittrichia 26
Dorycnium 50
Draba 36
Dryopteridaceae 16
Dryopteris 16
Echinochloa 95
Echium 33
Edraianthus 39
Eleocharis 88
Eleusine 95
Elymus 96
Ephedra 17
Ephedraceae 17
Epilobium 66
Equisetaceae 15
Equisetum 15
Eragrostis 96
Ericaceae 48
Erigeron 26
Erodium 57
Erophila 36
Eryngium 19
Erysimum 37
Erythronium 88
Eupatorium 26
Euphorbia 48
Euphorbiaceae 48
Euphrasia 78
Evonymus 43
Fabaceae 49
Fagaceae 56
Fallopia 68
Ferulago 19
Festuca 96
Ficus 65
Filago 26
Filipendula 73
Foeniculum 19
Fragaria 73
Frangula 72
Fraxinus 65
Fritillaria 88
Fumana 45
Fumaria 57
Fumariaceae 57
Gagea 89
Gaillardia 26
Galanthus 85
Galega 50
Galeopsis 59
Galinsoga 27
Galium 76
Gastridium 96
Gaudinia 96
Genista50
Gentianaceae 57
Geraniaceae 57
Geranium 57, 58
Geum 74
Gladiolus 89
Glaucium 67
Gleditsia 50
Globularia 58
Globulariaceae 58
Glyceria 96
Gnaphalium 26
Gratiola 78
Gypsophila 42
Hainardia 97
Haloragaceae 58
Hedera 21
Hedypnois 27
Helianthemum 45
Helianthus 27
Helichrysum 27
Heliotropium 33
Helminthotheca 27
Hermodactylus 89
Herniaria 41
Hesperis 37
Hibiscus 64
Hieracium 27
Himantoglossum 90
Hippocrepis 50
Holcus 97
Hordeum 97
Hornungia 37
Humulus 39
Hyacinthella 85
Hydrocharitaceae 88
Hyoscyamus 81
Hypericaceae 58
Hypericum 58
Hypochoeris 27
Hypolepidiaceae 16
Hyssopus 60
Impatiens 31
Inula 27
Ipomoea 46
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 169
Iridaceae 89
Iris 89
Iva 28
Jacobaea 28
Juglandaceae 59
Juglans 59
Juncaceae 89
Juncus 89, 90
Juniperus 89
Kickxia 78
Knautia 47
Koeleria 98
Koelreuteria 77
Kohlrauschia 41
Lactuca 28
Lagenaria 47
Lagurus 97
Lamiaceae 59
Lamium 60
Lapsana 28
Lathyrus 50, 51
Laureaceae 63
Laurus 63
Lavandula 60
Lavatera 64
Legousia 39
Lemna 88
Lemnaceae 88
Lens 51
Lentibulariaceae 63
Leontodon 28
Leonurus 60
Lepidium 37
Leucanthemum 28
Leucojum 85
Ligustrum 66
Liliaceae88
Linaceae 63
Linaria 78, 79
Linum 63, 64
Lithospermum 33
Lobularia 37
Lolium 97
Lonicera 39, 40
Lophochloa 97
Loranthaceae 64
Lotus 51
Ludwigia 66
Lunaria 37
Lupinus 51
Luzula 90
Lycopersicon 81
Lycopus 60
Lysimachia 70
Lythraceae64
Lythrum 64
Mahonia 32
Malabaila 19
Malus 74
Malva 64, 65
Malvaceae 64
Marrubium 60
Matricaria 28
Matthiola 37
Medicago 51, 52
Melampyrum 79
Melia 65
Meliaceae 65
Melica 98
Melilotus 52
Melissa 60
Melittis 60
Mentha 60, 61
Mercurialis 49
Micromeria 61
Mimosaceae 65
Minuartia41
Mirabilis 65
Misopates 79
Moenchia 41
Moltkia 33
Moraceae 65
Morus 65
Muscari 85
Myagrum 37
Myosotis 33
Myriophyllum 58
Myrrhoides 19
Narcissus 85
Nasturtium 37
Neatostema 34
Neotinea 90
Nerium 21
Nigella 71
Nuphar 65
Nyctaginaceae 65
Nymphaeaceae 65
Ocimum 61
Oenanthe 19
Oenothera 66
Oenotheraceae 66
Olea 66
Oleaceae 65
Onobrychis 53
Ononis 53
Onopordum 29
Onosma 34
Ophrys 90, 91
Opopanax 19
Opuntia 38
Orchidaceae 90
Orchis 91
Origanum 61
Orlaya 19
Ornithogalum 86
Ornithopus 53
Orobanchaceae 66
Orobanche 66, 67
Ostrya 32
Osyris 77
Oxalidaceae 67
Oxalis 67
Paliurus 73
Pallenis 29
Panicum 98
Papaver 67
Papaveraceae 67
Parentucellia79
Parietaria 82
Paronychia 41
Parthenocissus 83
Parvotrisetum 98
Paspalum 98
Pastinaca 20
Peltaria 37
Perilla 61
Persicaria 68, 69
Petrorhagia 41, 42
Petroselinum 20
Petteria 53
Petunia 81
Peucedanum 20
Phalaris 98
Phaseolus 53
Phillyrea 66
Phleum 98
Phlomis 61
Phragmites 98
Physalis 81
Picnomon 29
Picris 29
Pilosella 29
Pimpinella 20
Pinaceae 17
Pinus 17
Piptatherum 98
Pistacia 18
Pisum 53
Pittosporaceae 67
Pittosporum 67
Plantaginaceae 67
Plantago 67, 68
Platanaceae 68
Platanus 68
Poa 98
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170
Poaceae 91
Podospermum 29
Polycarpon 42
Polycnemum 44
Polygala 68
Polygalaceae 68
Polygonaceae 68
Polygonum 69
Polypodiaceae 16
Polypodium 16
Polypogon 99
Populus 77
Portulaca 69
Portulacaceae 69
Potamogeton 101
Potamogetonaceae 101
Potentilla 74
Primula 70
Primulaceae 70
Prunella 61
Prunus 74
Psilurus 99
Pteridium 16
Puccinellia 99
Pulicaria 29
Punica 70
Punicaceae 70
Pyrracantha 74
Pyrus 74
Quercus 56
Ranunculaceae 70
Ranunculus 71, 72
Raphanus 37, 38
Reseda 72
Resedaceae 72
Reynoutria 69
Rhagadiolus 29
Rhamnaceae 72
Rhamnus 73
Rhinanthus 79
Ribes 78
Robinia 53
Romulea 89
Rorippa 38
Rosa 75
Rosaceae 73
Rosmarinus 61
Rubia 76
Rubiaceae 75
Rubus 75
Rudbeckia 29
Rumex 69
Ruscus 86
Ruta 77
Rutaceae 77
Saccharum 99
Sagina 42
Salicaceae 77
Salix 77
Salvia 62
Sambucus 40
Sanquisorba 75
Santalaceae 77
Sapindaceae77
Saponaria 42
Satureja 62
Saxifraga 78
Saxifragaceae 78
Scabiosa 47
Scandix 20
Scilla 86
Scirpus 88
Scleranthus 42
Sclerochloa 100
Scolymus 29
Scorpiurus 53
Scorzonera 30
Scrophularia 79
Scrophulariaceae 78
Scutellaria 62
Secale100
Securigera 53
Sedum 46
Sempervivum 46
Senecio 30
Serapias 91
Serratula 30
Seseli 20
Sesleria 100
Sherardia 76
Sideritis 62
Silene 42, 43
Silybum 30
Simaroubaceae 80
Sinapis 38
Sisymbrium 38
Smilacaceae 101
Smilax 101
Smyrnium 20
Solanaceae 81
Solanum 81
Sonchus 30
Sorghum 100
Sparganiaceae 102
Sparganium 102
Spartium 54
Spiranthes 91
Spirea 75
Spirodela 88
Sporobolus 100
Stachys 62
Stellaria 43
Sternbergia 85
Stipa 100
Succisella 47
Symphyotrichum 30
Symphytum34
Syringia 66
Tagetes 30
Tamaricaceae 81
Tamarix 81
Tamus 88
Tanacetum 30, 31
Taraxacum 31
Teucrium 63
Thalictrum 72
Theligoniaceae 81
Theligonium 81
Thesium 77
Thlaspi 38
Thymelaea 81
Thymelaeaceae 81
Thymus 63
Tilia 82
Tiliaceae 82
Tordylium 20
Torilis 21
Tradescantia 86
Tragopogon 31
Tragus 101
Tribulus 84
Trifolium 54, 55
Trigonella 55
Trisetum 101
Triticum 101
Tuberaria 45
Tunica 42
Turritis 38
Tussilago 31
Typha 102
Typhaceae 102
Tyrimnus 31
Ulmaceae 82
Ulmus 82
Umbilicus 46
Urospermum 31
Urtica 82
Urticaceae 82
Utricularia 63
Vaccaria 43
Valantia 76
Valeriana 82
Valerianaceae 82
Valerianella 83
Vallisneria 88
STEŠEVIĆ ET AL.
Ecol. Mont., Suppl. 1, 2014, 1-171 171
Ventenata 101
Verbascum 79
Verbena 83
Verbenaceae 83
Veronica 80
Viburnum 40
Vicia55, 56
Vinca 21
Vincetoxicum 21
Viola 83
Violaceae 83
Vitaceae 83
Vitex 84
Vitis 83
Vulpia 101
Wisteria 56
Woodsiaceae 16
Xanthium 31
Xanthorrhoeaceae 102
Zea 101
Zinnia 31
Ziziphus 73
Zygophyllaceae 84