Tento problem jsem nasel na wikipedii: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus_problem

Zadani (z wikipedie):
"People are standing in a circle waiting to be executed. Counting begins at a specified point in the circle and proceeds around the circle in a specified direction. After a specified number of people are skipped, the next person is executed. The procedure is repeated with the remaining people, starting with the next person, going in the same direction and skipping the same number of people, until only one person remains, and is freed."

Vasou ulohou je zjistit kam by jste se meli v kruhu postavit (misto kde pocitani zacne znate) tak, aby jste to prezili. Pocet lidi a krok (t.j. kolik lidi se vynecha) budou argumenty vasi funkce.

Test pro `josephus(41, 3)` najdete na wikipedii taky:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephus_problem#k=3