Unit 27
27.1 The chart shows/indicates/plots the number of cars entering the downtown area of West City each day over an eight-year period (years 1-8). The totals are listed on the y/vertical axis, while the years are listed on the x/horizontal axis. To the right of the graph we see the key/legend. The number of cars varied over the period. The total rose in the first few years and reached a peak in year 5, after which the numbers started to decline/fall/drop. This can be explained by the fact that a new mass transit railway was opened in year 6, which is a graphic illustration of how good public transport can dramatically affect car use.
27.2 1
27.3
27.4
28.1
pie chart
bar chart
9 a
A cross-section
Columns run vertically, rows run horizontally
A flowchart
Four
Next to each other A key
A random sample
they cross each other; b) they run alongside each other with an equal interval between
them
1 segments
2 plotting
3 peak
4 stages
5 intersect
6 adjacent (With 'adjacent' this sentence does not really need 'to each other' and would be best worded as 'Draw a line connecting the adjacent points'.)
7 decline
row
plummeted, incidence, risen fell below
depreciates, more than halved appreciate, soared
5 multiplied, fallen/decreased
6 exceeded
7 grew/rose, doubled
8 declining/falling
Unit 28
Few students get a grant to help them study and so many take out loans while they are at university. This is because they have to pay tuition fees. They also cannot avoid considerable expenditure on everyday life. This is particularly hard for students in London where the cost of living is higher than elsewhere in the country. Students living in London are allowed to have bigger loans to help compensate for this. Students do not need to start to repay their loan until they are earning a reasonable salary. But starting working life with a large debt makes it much harder for young people to make ends meet even once they start earning.
Academic Vocabulary in Use