LEADER 11 October 2017 It looks like an oxymoron, but Earth optimism is worth a try Decades of environmental doom-mongering have fallen on deaf ears. Maybe a new environmental campaign with a message of hope is just what we need Home I Features | Earth 41 FEATURE 11 October 2017 Is positive thinking the way to save the planet? Move over doom and gloom, there is a new environmental movement in town. Earth optimists say foe using on small successes is the way forward Reasons to be hopefu The extent of protected areas is increasing, particularly in the oceans £ BO E Jsi C M 40 1^ a so ■c at s B CL ^ 10 Terrestrial i Marine O 0 2000 2010 2017 h- 201b, ft:- the second year in a row, cenewables accounted for more than half of the new power capacity added globally (in gigawatts) Large hydro Othei The number of oil spilfshas dropped markedly in recent decades OiFspills 100 ^ ao "5 o 60 a; z 40 20 7 700 tonnes *7GD t&nriES 1970 III ■Hill 19B0 1990 2000 2010 What feelings does such information evoke in you? Top Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. GethelpatpoLlev.com/app History of the Sustainable Development concept Possible reaction to global challenges 1) Ignoring or downplaying - attitude that the global issues (climate change, poverty, biodiversity loss, etc.) is not worthy of concern - it results in inactivity, and „business-as-usual" behaviour - it does not solve the issues, they exacerbate and become more difficult to solve Env. reasons of the Western Roman Empire fall - highly increasing prosperity of the Roman society - deforestation, excessive grazing, water overuse and salinisation - the growth of urban population by the migration of peasants due to taxes and hard work on the more and more degraded fields - consequences: food and water shortages, illnesses —► social weakening □ate Population 800 BCE 5,000 800-500 80,000 400 300,000 200 300,000 100 800,000 100CE 1,000,000 500 500,000 600 100,000 700 80,000 900 35,000 Date 1084 1377 1527 '1550 1748 1800 1870 1895 1950 1980 Population 15,000*- . 17,000 ■* 55,000 60,000 150,000 153,000 226,000 450,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 The city of Rome's population rose and fell dramatically between 200 BCE and 600 CE. Env. reasons of the Western Roman Empire fall - highly increasing prosperity of the Roman society - deforestation, excessive grazing, water overuse and salinisation - the growth of urban population by the migration of peasants due to taxes and hard work on the more and more degraded fields - consequences: food and water shortages, illnesses —► social weakening Decreasing of positive energy balance EROEI - Energy Return On Energy Invested • still increasing E-dependency Today? • agriculture • resources extraction • western lifestyle in general Date Population Date Population 800 BCE 5,000 1084 15,000** . 800-500 80,000 1377 1 ?;doo -* 400 300,000 1527 55,000- 200 300,000 1550 60,000 100 800,000 1748 150,000 100CE 1,000,000 1800 153,000 500 500,000 :1870 226,000 600 100,000 1895 450,000 700 80,000 1950 1,000,000 900 35,000 1980 3,000,000 The city of Rome's population rose and fell dramatically between 200 BCE and 600 CE. 2) Recognizing seriousness of the issue, but not solving it - we are afraid of disaster, but do not believe that we can change anything by ourselves - we remain passive in the fear of what will come and hope that „it will be resolved somehow" - or the "flood after us" approach - grab what can be grabed 2) Recognizing seriousness of the issue, but not solving it - we are afraid of disaster, but do not believe that we can change anything by ourselves - we remain passive in the fear of what will come and hope that „it will be resolved somehow" - or the "flood after us" approach - grab what can be grabed „By postponing, simple problems become complex, and then difficult to solve" General Ferdinand Foch Mesopotamia/Sumer Saiinization and water logging of Stimer's agroecosystem Around 7000 BC, people in this region (now, largely, Iraq) began to modify the natural environment. Lacking adequate rainfall, land had to be irrigated for cultivation, and the demand for food increased as the population grew. The irrigated land became salinized and waterlogged. Records noting uthe earth turned white" with salt date back to 2000 BC. By 1800 BC, the agricultural system—the foundation of Sumerian civilization—collapsed. Mayan Empire Soil erosion, foss of agroecosystem viability, and water siitation in Central America Mayans lived in what are now parts of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The agriculture techniques they used were creative and intensive— clearing hillsides of jungle, terracing fields to contain soil erosion, draining swamps by digging ditches and using the soil from the ditches to form raised fields. Eventually too much was demanded of this system, Soil erosion reduced crop yields, and higher levels of silt in rivers damaged the raised fields. Decreased food production and competition for the remaining resources may have led to that civilization's demise. Roman Empire Desertification and loss of agroecosystem viability in North Africa The challenge of providing food for the population of Rome and its large standing armies plagued the empire. The North African provinces, once highly productive granaries, gradually became degraded as Roman demands for grain pushed cultivation onto marginal lands, prone to erosion. Scrub vegetation spread and some intensively cultivated areas became desertified. The irrigation systems the Romans used depended on watersheds that have since been deforested, and now yield less runoff, reducing the chance of restoring productivity. 1400-1600 ■.SM Canary Islands Human and natural resource exploitation, degradation and extinctions in many regions Originally from North Africa, the Guanches were £5 people who inhabited the Canary Islands for more than 1,000 years before the Spanish arrived in the 1400s.The Spanish enslaved the Guanches, cleared the forests, and built sugar cane plantations. By 1600 the Guanches were dead, victims of Eurasian diseases and plantation conditions. As in the Canary Islands, regions in the Americas, Africa, and Asia where people were forced to grow and export cash crops such as sugar, tobacco, cotton, rubber, bananas, or palm oil, continue to suffer from deforestation, soil damage, biodiversity losses, and economic dependency instituted during colonization. 1800 North America Conversion, loss of habitat, and unrestrained kitting of wildlife in North America As land was cleared for settlement and cultivation around the world, animal habitats of almost every kind were reduced; animals were killed for food, hides, or recreation as commerce spreads In North America, herds of bison, totaling perhaps as many as 50 million, were hunted to near extinction by the end of the 19th century. Aquatic as well as terrestrial spec ies became targets of exploitation and extinction. In the 19th century, whales were killed in large numbers to support industrializing economies in need of whale oil in great quantity, mainly for lighting and lubricants. On the northwest coast of North America, whale populations were on the verge of extinction by the 20th century. 1900 United States The Great Plains of the United States and Canada were ploughed in the late and Canada 19th and early 20th centuries and planted with new forms of drought-resistant wheat. Once the protective original grass cover was destroyed, drought in the W-^L erosion and toss 1930s enabled high, persistent wind storms to blow away much of the dry soil. .'■JH.'>i of biodiversity in the Soil conservation methods were subsequently introduced such that when wind United States and erosion again affected the area in the 1950s and in the 1970s, the consequences Canada were less severe. I 3) Recognizing seriousness of the issue, and effort to solve it actively - making an effort to stop and reverse adverse trends to avoid or mitigate the anticipated consequences - the concept of Sustainable Development is such an effort that gives us a hope! - We are not responsible for the result, but for the invested effort! 3) Recognizing seriousness of the issue, and effort to solve it actively - making an effort to stop and reverse adverse trends to avoid or mitigate the anticipated consequences - the concept of Sustainable Development is such an effort that gives us a hope! Sustainable Development - first ideas The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations (circa 14. century) Sustainable Development - first ideas The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations (circa 14. century) The Constitution of the Iroquois Nations In all of your deliberations in the Confederate Council, in your efforts at law making, in all your official acts, self interest shall be cast into oblivion. Cast not over your shoulder behind you the warnings of the nephews and nieces should they chide you for any error or wrong you may do, but return to the way of the Great Law which is just and right. Look and listen for the welfare of the whole people and have always in view not only the present but also the coming generations, even those whose faces are yet beneath the surface of the ground — the unborn of the future Nation." 1960 -1972 The advent of the modern environmental movement - influence on the revision of the development strategy - actual development strategy - break free from life in poverty Environmental Milestones A Worldwatch Institute timeline tracing key moments in the sustainability movement from the 1960s to 2004. POLLUTION The Torrey Canyon oil tanker runs aground and spills 117,000 tons of oil into the North Sea near Cornwal in the United Kingdom The massive local pollution help; prompt legal changes to make ship owners liable for all spills. 3/18/67 (More Info) GOVERNANCE Experts from around the world meet for Ihe first time at the UN Biosphere Conference in Paris : ranee to i scuss global environmental problems, including pollution, resource loss, and wetlands destruction. TV 15/66 (More Info) GOVERNANCE Millions of people gather in the United States for the first Earth Day to protest environmental abuses, sparking the creation of landmark environmental laws including the Endangered Species Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act. 4/22/70 (More Info) POLLUTION Researchers report that three-quarters of the acid rain falling ir Sweden is caused by pollutior originating in other countries 1972 (More Info) 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 Marine biologist Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, calling attention to the threat of toxic chemicals to people and the environment 6/62 (More Info] SILENT SPRING Kachel (.ill son POPULATION Paul Ehrlich publishes The Population Bomb, describing the ecological threats of a rapidly growing human population 1968 (More Info) 2,200 scientists, gathered for a conference in Menton, France, present a message to the UN stressing the need for collective international action in finding solutions to the "problems of pollution, hunger, overpopulation, and war." 7/71 (More Info) CONSUMPTION The Club of Rome, a group of economists, scientists, and business leaders from 25 countries, publishes The Limns to Growth, which predicts that the Earth's limits will be reached in 100 years at current rates of population growth, resource depletion, and pollution generation, 1972 (More Info) Limits to Growth - what are the limits of the Earth??? Have you ever heard about any book, report, paper describing limits of the Earth? Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. GethelpatpoLlev.com/app Limits to Growth what are the limits of the Earth??? 2009, Planetary Boundaries A safe operating space for humanity Limits to Growth - what are the limits of the Earth??? 1968 - Club of Rome - group of intellectuals engaged in global issues Limits to Growth what are the limits of the Earth??? Resources Industry il output ___Poj aulation "*"............"* J?- Food -_mj*"-L' +_ — V — : Pollution 1900 ZWO 2100 1968 - Club of Rome - group of intellectuals engaged in global issues 1972 - Limits to growth [Meadows et al.) • Earth limits in perspective of the exponential growth • World3 - a feedback model • variables: population, industrial output, food, pollution, resources consumption a THE LIMITS TO GROWTH /■v£lt Handbt* i:'i.inr. V^. b^kr-ii: ')! Limits to Growth what are the limits of the Earth??? Resources Industry il output ___Poj aulation "*"............"* J?- Food -_mj*"-L' +_ — V — : Pollution 1900 ZWO 2100 1968 - Club of Rome - group of intellectuals engaged in global issues 1972 - Limits to growth [Meadows et al.) • Earth limits in perspective of the exponential growth • World3 - a feedback model • variables: population, industrial output, food, pollution, resources consumption 2002 - Limits to growth - 30 year update • update based on actual data a THE LIMITS TO GROWTH /■V£L7 UliTldBT* WilHacn V^. bzlu'-ll: IJI 0^ Limits to ■ Growth ■ V.: it- ' |..r.;n. I. .1, 1. I * I •■ nnit M - ..' .% ■ Model WORLD3 - prognosis of development Scenario 1 - without any changes (Business-as-Usua\) State of the World ftewurc« ..................... * j * Population \ * '—s_ A / ^ Industrial / * L ^output \ * \ » > \ i v * \l ---"Ü^^ wmmm•-*••**""* m * _ -. - -— — "-■ / Pollution Food 1500 20 Human Welfare and Footprint 10 2100 H iman welfare inc / / / / \ \ \ \ \ \ / \ t \ / / / \ t Hum / y in ecology foci \\ V print r i 1900 2C DO 2100 Scenario 2 - change towards the Sustainable Society State of the World i Industrial output * _ i i ■ ' u&*^......._ _J< ----- .T.fr—---- '':....... Food For::, at onyrf ■--11 ...... Pollution -— --1- 1900 20 Human Welfare and Footprint -1 » - 2100 Human welfare index - y '""""■^ Human etolog :i\ footprint 1 1900 20 >0 2100 Reality x predictions of model WORLD3 Graham Turner (Global Environmental Change) 2008 A comparison of the Limits to Growth with 30 year reality, 2008 „The analysis shows that 30 years of historical data compares favorably with key features of a business-as-usual scenario../' 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 211 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 December 7th., 1972 Apollo 17 December Apollo 17 UN Conference on the Human Environment (UNCHE) - world's first policy response to the global issues - determination of global env. issues threatening the existence of people on the Earth 1972-Stockholm UN Conference on the Human Environment >^^< (UNCHE) - world's first policy response to the global issues - determination of global env. issues threatening the existence of people on the Earth 1) production of hazardous gaseous, liquid or solid wastes in excess of the acceptable level endangering human health and nature. 2) risks of disrupting life-giving planetary systems such as the hydrological cycle, the 03 layer and the climate systems. 3) threatened by overexploitation and over-utilization of renewable and nonrenewable resources 4) reduction of planet's biological richness - genetic basis of individual plant and animal species, number of species, and diversity of ecosystems 1972-Stockholm - representatives from 113 countries, 19 intergov. agencies and more than 400 NGOs were present - total >1200 delegates - UNCHE called for immediate action to protect the environment at both national and international level lui When poll is active, respond at pollev.com/lindan443 [0 Text LINDAN443 to +420 736 350 959 once to join Only the one "Minister of the Environment' attended the conference? The others had not free time -they had to solve other urgent env. issues. The others did not considered that it is necessary. No more "MoE" were over the world. Start the presentation to see live content. For screen share software, share the entire screen. Get help at pollev.com/app 1972-Stockholm - representatives from 113 countries, 19 intergov. agencies and more than 400 NGOs were present - total >1200 delegates - UNCHE called for immediate action to protect the environment at both national and international level - followed by the establishment of environmental ministries - established UN Environment Programme - UNEP 1972-Stockholm 1972-Stockholm - pointed out to the great contradiction in the view of the developed vs. the developing countries - „Poverty is the worst form of pollution" Indira Gandhi - if people deal with existential issues, then the concern for the environment stands apart - priority: to survive here and now - concern for good environment, biodiversity preservation, etc. is a privilege especially in rich countries that are no longer addressing the poverty issues - investment in roads, dams, irrigation, infrastructure etc. 1973 1973 Oil crisis - OPEC sharply increases oil prices in the 1970s - price of oil from Abu Dhabi - $ 2.54 (1972) x $ 36.56 (1981) per barrel - sharp price increases and supply constraints as a result of support of western countries to Israel in the Arab-Israeli conflict 1973 Oil crisis - OPEC sharply increases oil prices in the 1970s - price of oil from Abu Dhabi - $ 2.54 (1972) x $ 36.56 (1981) per barrel - sharp price increases and supply constraints as a result of support of western countries to Israel in the Arab-Israeli conflict Consequences - queues at petrol stations, - panic among business investors - recession and uncontrollable inflation - USA severely affected 1977 - 70% of oil imports from OPEC 1973 Oil crisis - OPEC sharply increases oil prices in the 1970s - price of oil from Abu Dhabi - $ 2.54 (1972) x $ 36.56 (1981) per barrel - sharp price increases and supply constraints as a result of support of western countries to Israel in the Arab-Israeli conflict Consequences - queues at petrol stations, - panic among business investors - recession and uncontrollable inflation - USA severely affected 1977 - 70% of oil imports from OPEC - reassessing energy performance - investment in energy savings - increasing production efficiency - investment in R&D of renewable sources -15 20 CO Ü 'o CD 15 ° 10 o-\- 1890 1600 -1500 •1200 Fuel energy use 900 « CM 600 300 o 1920 1950 1980 1200 - C o = 800 Ja Z o 400 1981 t 1982« /-1980 1974, 1975> -99.27 + 0.02 (fuel) (-9.35) (71.59) r2 = 0.98 5 10 Fuel energy (1015 kcal) —i— 15 —I 20 Fig. 1. (a) Annual rate of change in fuel use and real GNP in the United States from 1890 to 1982 (55, 56). Fuel use includes fossil fuels, nuclear, and hydropower. (b) Fuel use and real GNP per year, (c) Results of linear regression model between fuel use and real GNP in the United States from 1890 to 1982. The numbers in parentheses are r-statistics. Hydro and nuclear power converted to thermal units based on prevailing heat rates at fossil steam electric plants (55, 56). Year o y three quarters low mortality high mortality low mortality moderate mortality moderate mortality low mortality moderate mortality low mortality Accessio reproductive health moderate access low access high access moderate access moderate access moderate access low access high access moderate access GOAL 6 1 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS low high low incidence low incidence incidence low incidence low incidence low incidence tow Helta I'd averse ■he spread of luberculosis low mortality high mortality mortality moderate mortality mode-rate mortality low mortality moderate mortality low rrortality moderate mortality GOAL 7 1 Ensure env ironmental sustainabílíty Halve proportion of population without improved drinking water high coverage low coverage high coverage coverage coverage coverage low coverage coverage moderate coverage Halve proportion of population without sanitation moderate coverage very low coverage moderate coverage ÍOW coverage very low coverage high coverag-c vory low coverage moderate coverage high coverage Imp rove the lives ot slum-dwellers low prcpo'tionof slum-d sellers very h|gh proportion of slum-dwellers moderate proportion of slum-dwellers moderate proportion of slum-dwellers moderate proportion of slum-dwellers moderate proportion of slum-dwellers moderate propoťbn of slum-dwellers moderate proportion of slum-dwellers - GOAL 8 1 Develop a global partnership for development internet users low usage usage low usage ust low usage ust The progress chart operates on two levels. The text in each bo* indicate? the present level of development. The colours show progress made towards the target according to the legend below: | Target met ore*tellent progress. M Poor progress or deterioration. Good progress. Missing or insufficient data. Fair progress. 2002 - Johannesburg The World Summit on Sustainable Development ^ Five key topics of the conference: 1) globalization 2) harmonizing development and the environment protection 3) poverty and the MDGs 4) consumption and production models 5) protection of biodiversity and natural resources - a critical assessment of the journey to SD was expected - the result rather disappointing - instead of confirming and supporting the SD, the delegates went rather "Sustainable" way of discussions, statements and commitment to the world's problems ;-( 2002 - Johannesburg - main output: P/an of Implementation -it contains goals and a timetable in the discussed SD areas - support for SD by big multinational companies (NGOs in Rio) Main achievement: - global support to fulfilling of 8MDGs Goal 1 Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women! Goal 4 Reduce Child Mortality Goal 5 Improve Maternal Health Goal 6 ■ Combat HI V/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Goal 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability Goal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development 2012- Rio+20 ff/ ^ RIO+20 United Nations Conference on UN Conference on v^r sustainable - ^^^^^ Development Sustainable Development (June 20-22,2012) - two main topics: 1) Institutional framework for SD 2) Green economy within the SD and poverty eradication - ad 1) Institutional framework for SD RIO+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development - UN Commission for sustainable development (CSD) as the main body covering the issue of SD in the UN, has a very weak mandate (abolish or replace it with a stronger one) - as well as UNEP (env. pillar) - in comparison with ILO (social pillar) or WTO (economic pillar) has a weak position - it is "only" program The United Nations System UN Principal Organs General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council Secretariat Subsidiary Bodies Main ond other sessional .or.rilVti KiafnKnnetli Commission Human Rights Courvl Itsterrwlionrjl Law Qxwiuaian Stonding committees and ad Koc bodies Fundi and Programm«1 UNCTAD United tfelioni Conference on Trade ond Dt itlapmeti ■ ITC IntemahomJ Trade Centra HJNCUD/WTOI UNDP United Nahons OevnLjpmonl Programme • UNCDf United KUui Capital Dewetopmenl Fund UMV United htofens Vůlunleeu UN EP United Notions Environment Programs UNFPA United Natcm Popular ion Fund UN-HABITAT United Notions Human Settlements Pnsgromrne UNHCR Crftice ol the United Marions High Connuuicntr far Rjefugaes UNICEF United IMatiara Children'! Fund UNO DC United Matom Office an Drugs and Oi« U NRWA2 United Nation] Mist and Vrarts Agency for Palestine Retucjeei in if* Near EosJ UN-Womin United Notions Enfiry for Gender Equdity and iha EmpovOTingnl oi Women WFP World Food Programme UNITAR United Notions Institute for Training and Research UNRISD United Nohen* Research Institute roi Socio! Development UNS SC United NaSora Syitem Staff Crilege UNU United Naricns University Other Entities UNAVM MM United Noriem Praoramme on HV/AK75 UN I SDR United Nofioni International Strategy for Disaster (deduction UNOPS United Nations Office rar Project Services Research and Training Institutes UNICRI United Nation* hterregiůňdl Crime u-u Jj slice Ríie-j"-- hstiVs UNIDIR United Nuhois Intritule for Disarmament RtMOrch il International Court of Justice Trusteeship Council- Not«: l Dm UMmJ Nokant, « Fundi ond rWw, ** SMcldaed Aauiús. IAEA and WTO «' J «Wien af est United Notions System Chiff Ewum Board for üuntn^o ICS). 1 UrJ^rjndUHM report aiř/1d the Gseteml Aneelili cV_J W^KtPOnOtmm UliTIIKI WTOUnOl for Rwando (ICT?| international Crimmd Inbvnal for rite former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Military Staff Committee Peacekeeping opefoÉoes and potted missions Sonction» corwnitteti [od hoc| Srand inn eomm iřlpet and ad hoc bodes Advisory Subsidiary Fiody PeacebuildCng Cunvmitsion Related Organizations CTETO Preparatory Commission Preparatory Commission tor the Comprehensive fAdeer-Test-Ban Treaty Oooruohon IAIA " Irternorwnal Atomic Energy Agency OPCW O-Qjoniioeon lor file Prohibition of ChemicJ Weapons WTO ' * Ymrld Trade Oigsnkzotion Functional Commissions Crkmc Prevention -and Crmirtol Aislic* No rte* K Drugs Population and fjewelopiiienl Science and Technology tor Development Social Drvelopmanh Statistics Stolui of Women Smtainoble Deietopmenl United Nlahoni Forum on Formt Regional Commissions FCA Economit Canrunisiion foi AfTiu tCC Economic Convnilvion for Europe EC LAC tZconomic Commission tor Lfltin Amenca and the Caribbean E5CAP Eoonon-k and Social Convrnission for" Alia and the Pocife ESCWA Economii and Social Commúvion for Weitem Alio Other Bodies Corinmirree For [>welaperteril Policy Committee of Experti on Pubic Administration Committee on Non-GovernmenřoJ Organizations Permanent Forum an Indioenota baues United Notions úroup ůf Experts on Geographical Names Other leiiionul ond ilondng commiHeei ond expen. od hoc end etlotod boditn SoMkilried Ao«rKi«t FAO Food ond Agricullure Oaoniiolcn tttm Untied Nohont ICAO Intetnohcnol Civil Aviation Oto gofM^afca/jii IFAO HeinJiurtJ Fund for Agriadkurol Derelopmenl ILO hieinattonJ Ldbour OtgoninoSon IWF lntwn<*onal Monetary Fund IMO Into-nafconal MantirM Orgoruzotwxi rnj Interndtonal TeJeoSmmunientian Union UNESCO UriHed Nlatiom EducoSonof, Scientific ond Cufeural Oganijarion UNIDO Urvted Nartora InduUrid DcveJoomant Ogonizahon UNWTO World Towfiim OVoorlixalion UPU IJnrvwvd PoiiolÜVx&n WHO WaitJ Hedrh OroaniiBlksn WIPO World Inleledual Ptoperty Organ [zofion WMO World Meteorologicol Organ ilofiofi World Bank Group IBRD International Boni for fiecoii itructton and r>r«*iopment IC SID Inter lationd Cer*e for Serrlemenl of hveařmenr Disputes IDA liiterriulional rjevelopmert Asieciulifill IFC lii'v'iiulioriol Finance Corporation - MJGA w. , JI Guorontco Agency 6 lho livtwhe Council wtpsndW Optra' lien an 1 tnumhir lWJ.aton 1 Oerabs 1991 Fakb, lna kuř United Nokani Vuy Temesry, became independent. This is na an amod decumerr of the Unňcd Nlalians, nevis ■> intended-o be al rckaie. Departments and Offices EOSG Executive Office of the Secretary»General DE SA Department of Economic and Social Affairs MS Deportment of Field Support DOACM Department lor General Assembly and Conference Management DM rjiepůrtrnent of Maivgernent DM rjepartment of Political Affaěs DPI Department af Public Infcrmotian DPKO Ctepürtmenl of Peoceleepinej Otoent o--1 DSS D^rtrnenlsl Sofeny and Security CK HA Oftct for the Coordirsatton of Humanitarian Affairs OHCHtt Office of the United Notions High Commissioner for Human Rigrfth OIOS Office of Internal Oversight Services OLA Office of Legal Affairs OSAA Chce of the Special Adviser on Africa SRSG/CAAC Office of ** Special l^eientofM of the Sccrttary-Gencnal for Childron and Armed Conflict estsilolive of the SRSG/SVC Office of the Special Represe-Seäetory-General on Sexual Violence Canfl.d UNODA Office for Disarmament Affairs UNOO United Notions Office at Genevo UN-OHR.LLS Office of the High RtprtsenVUin» for the leost Developed Countries. Londtoclied Develop^ Countries and Stnol blond Devctopeicj States UNON United Nations Office at htolrobi UNOV United Nations Office at Vienn-j - ad 2) Green economy „A green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive." RIO+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development - measuring the success (now GDP) must be reassessed, taking account of pollution, resource depletion, ecosystem decline, services, and the effects of this on the poor Biodiversity Ecosystem goods and services (examples) Economic values (examples] Ecosystems (variety & extent/area) ■ Recreation ■ Water regulation - Carbon storage Avoiding greenhouse gas emissions by conserving forests: USS 3.7 trillion (NPV) Spedes (diversity & abundance) - Food, fiber, fuel - Design Inspiration - Pollination Contribution of insect pollinators to agricultural output: -USS190 billion/year Genes (variability & population) - Medicinal discoveries ■ Disease resistance ■ Adaptive capacity 25-50% of the US5 640 billion pha rnnace utlca 1 ma rket i s d erived from gen etlc reso u roes Table 1: Natural capital - Underlying components and illustrative services and values Source: EliaschtfDQSl; GallaietaL (20G9);TEEB f2O09) * 1997: R-c+5 1972: UN Conference on the Human Environment - 1992: UN Conference Dn Environment and Development (UNCEDJ * 2D12: UN Conference on Sustainable Development jRia+201 2DD2: Rio+IQ JOHANNESBURG 2015-2030 Sustainable development goals (SPG) i mSUSTAINABLEAl C W DEVELOPMENT V7VALd 1 HQ 1 POVFRTY 9 SRO L HUNGER W Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AW WELL-BEING M QUALITY 4 EDUCATION Iii C GENDER U EOUAUTV ß CLEAN WATER 0 AND SANITATION 7 AFFORDABLE AND / CliANlMRGY Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMICGROWTH n H)usTRrrnnvAnw g AKTMKASTMTURE & |(1 REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES © 11 SUSTAINABLE CITIES 1 1 AND COMMUNITIES 10 RESPONSIBLE AND PRODUCTION CO 10 CLIMATE la ACTION O 14! J FE BELOW WATER 4K> IE MR , 10 ON LAND 1 1C PEACE, JUST ICE ID ANOSTRONG INSTITUTIONS |7 PARTNERSHIPS 1/ FOR THE GOALS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Smarter Global Targets to 2030 PEOPLE • LOWER CHRONIC CHILD MALNUTRITION BY 40% • HALVE MALARIA INFECTION • REDUCE TUBERCULOSIS DEATHS BY 90% • AVOID 1.1M HIV INFECTIONS THROUGH CIRCUMCISION • CUT EARLY DEATH FROM CHRONIC DISEASE BY 1/3 • REDUCE NEWBORN MORTALITY BY 70% • INCREASE IMMUNIZATION TO REDUCE CHILD DEATHS BY 25% • MAKE FAMILY PLANNING AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE • ELIMINATE VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS PLANET • PHASE OUT FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES • HALVE CORAL REEF LOSS TAX POLLUTION DAMAGE FROM ENERGY CUT INDOOR AIR POLLUTION BY 20% PROSPERITY • REDUCE TRADE RESTRICTIONS (FULL DOHA) • IMPROVE GENDER EQUALITY IN OWNERSHIP, BUSINESS AND POLITICS • BOOST AGRICULTURAL YIELD GROWTH BY 40% • INCREASE GIRLS' EDUCATION BY TWO YEARS • ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA • TRIPLE PRESCHOOL IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA