FUNGAL ECOLOGY
(sometimes with special regard to macromycetes)
Fungi and their environment • Life strategies and interactions of fungi • Ecological groups of
fungi, saprotrophs (terrestrial fungi, litter and plant debris, wood substrate, etc.) • Fungal
symbioses (ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza, endophytism, lichenism, bacteria, animal relationships)
• Parasitism (parasites of animals and fungi, phytopathogenic fungi, types of parasitic relations)
• Fungi in various habitats (coniferous forests, broadleaf forests, birch stands and non-forest
habitats, fungal communities)
• Fungal dispersal and distribution • Threat and protection of fungi
(the study material has not been corrected by native speaker)
PF_72_100_grey_tr ubz_cz_black_transparent
MASARYK UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY

Alder stands (on waterlogged and peat soils): Russula pumila, Lactarius obscuratus, Gyrodon
lividus, Paxillus rubicundulus (syn. P. filamentosus). All mycorrhizal species.
22_aln__lactarius_obscuratus 22_aln__gyrodon_lividus 22_aln__paxillus_filamentosus
Photo Daniel Dvořák

Alder stands: top left Naucoria melinoides (syn. Alnicola m.) – mycorrhizal species,
top right Ciboria amentacea – saprotroph on plant debris. Bottom left Entoloma euchroum –
saprotroph on dead wood, bottom right Mensularia radiata (syn. Inonotus radiatus), saproparasite on
trunks/logs.
22_aln__entoloma_euchroum 22_aln__alnicola_melinoides 22_aln__inonotus_radiatus
Photo Daniel Dvořák

Saproparasites on wood (trunks) – Neolentinus schaefferi (bottom left) grows on poplars, Pleurotus
cornucopiae on elms.
24_fluv_ulm_pleurotus_cornucopiae 24_fluv_pop_neolentinus_degener 24_fluv__funalia_gallica
24_fluv__auricularia_mesenterica
Riparian forests with alder, elm and bird cherry, natural vegetation od flooded and waterlogged
places: Coriolopsis gallica, Auricularia mesenterica, saproparasites on trunks and branches.

Note: Thermophilous oak forests represent the climax vegetation on deeper (mostly calcareous) soils
in lowland and colline belts in warmer regions. Acidophilous oak forests represent the climax
vegetation on acidic (silicate) soils in lowland and colline belts.
26_qc__daedalea_quercina 26_qc__fistulina_hepatica 26_qc__hymenochaete_rubiginosa
26_qc__polyporus_arcularius
Oak forests:
Daedalea quercina,
Hymenochaete rubiginosa,
Fistulina hepatica,
Lentinus arcularius (syn. Polyporus arcularius).
All saprotrophs or saproparasites on wood.

Oak forests: Lactarius serifluus, Lactarius quietus, Boletus reticulatus, Russula virescens.
All mycorrhizal species.
26_qc__russula_virescens
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák

Thermophilous oak forests on calcareous soils: Inocybe godeyi, Hygrophorus russula, Russula
decipiens, Entoloma sinuatum. All mycorrhizal species.
28_qc_calc_inocybe_godeyi
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák

Warmer oak forests: Boletus aereus, Lycoperdon mammiforme; ... occasionally with beech:
Rubroboletus satanas. (Oak-)hornbeam forests: Leccinellum carpini. ... Puffball is humus
saprotroph, boletes are mycorrhizal species.
Oak-hornbeam stands –natural climax vegetation of lowland to colline belts.
27_qc-carp-fg_term_boletus_satanas 27_qc-carp-cast_term_boletus_aereus
26_qc-carp__lycoperdon_mammiforme 30_carp__leccinum_carpini

Note: Calciphilous and orchid-beech forests are herb-rich forests in colline to submontane belt.
Oligotrophic silicate soils of submontane and montane belt host acidophilous beech forests,
lime-beech, fir-beech and spruce-beech forests.
Beech forests:
Mucidula mucida (syn. Oudemansiella mucida) – saprotroph on wood (trunks/logs);
Russula romellii, Russula fellea – mycorrhizal species.
32_fg__russula_fellea 32_fg__russula_romellii 32_fg__oudemansiella_mucida

Beech forests: Hygrophorus eburneus, Lactarius blennius, Lactarius subdulcis, Lactarius pallidus.
All mycorrhizal forests.
32_fg__lactarius_blennius 32_fg__lactarius_pallidus 32_fg__hygrophorus_eburneus
Photo Daniel Dvořák


Beech forests on base-rich soils: Lactarius acris, Ramaria flava – mycorrhizal species; Lycoperdon
echinatum, Coprinopsis picacea – humus saprotrophs.
32_fg__coprinus_picaceus 32_fg__ramaria_flava 32_fg__lycoperdon_echinatum 32_fg__lactarius_acris

Beech forests: top left Marasmius wynneae, right Mycetinis alliaceus (syn. Marasmius alliaceus) –
litter saprotrophs; bottom left Mycena renati, right Mycena haematopus – lignicolous saprotrophs.
32_fg__marasmius_alliaceus 32_fg__marasmius_wynneae




Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák

32_fg_etc_panellus_serotinus
Beech forests: Hericium coralloides, Panellus serotinus, Exidia nigricans (syn. E. plana),
Fomes fomentarius.
Fir-beech forests: Hericium flagellum (bottom left).
All saprotrophs or saproparasites on wood.




32_fg__fomes_fomentarius
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Daniel Dvořák
Photo Dan Dvořák