IC02
Buildings Transportation Electricity Agriculture
The Importance of Taking Action to Reduce Carbon Emissions
• Climate change impacts: rising sea levels, melting ice caps, severe weather events.
• Reduce carbon dioxide emissions to mitigate climate change.
• Transition to renewable energy sources: wind, solar, hydropower.
• Energy-efficient practices, electric vehicles also reduce carbon emissions.
• Action needed to ensure a sustainable future.
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SWISSAIR PROJECT
• Giant fans are sucking in fresh air from the Swiss Alps and Iceland's frozen interior, capturing the carbon dioxide and turning it into fizzy drinks or burying it deep underground.
Strategies for Achieving Switzerland's Net-Zero Target:
• Switzerland has a net-zero target by 2050 that requires significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Reduction of C02 emissions is necessary to achieve net-zero target.
• Additional technologies are needed to capture or remove C02.
• Permanent storage of captured C02 is necessary.
• Not all greenhouse gas emissions are avoidable.
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Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)
DACCS avoids carbon transport infrastructure and reduces the industrial footprint.
DACCS reduces atmospheric C02 and can help limit warming to 1.5QC.
DACCS directly mitigates C02 emissions.
Cost of DACCS sets a ceiling on mitigating climate change.
DACCS useful for offsets in hard-to-decarbonize sectors.
Geological Storage Options for CO,
1 Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
2 Use of C02 in enhanced oil recovery
3 Deep unused saline water-saturated reservoir rocks
4 Deep unmineable coal seams
5 Use of C02 in enhanced coal bed methane recovery
6 other suggested options (basalts, oil shales cavities)
Produced oil or gas Injected CO, Stored COa
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Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration stores atmospheric C02 in a carbon pool.
This can occur naturally or be enhanced with technology, such as carbon capture and storage projects.
Carbon capture and storage projects aim to reduce C02 emissions.
Carbon sequestration helps mitigate climate change by reducing atmospheric C02 concentration.
Carbon sequestration can benefit ecosystems and agriculture by improving soil health and crop productivity.
Dispersed CO2
Carbon dioxide uptake by forests, biomass plantatons and degraded mine lands that are restored
Depleted oil gas reservoirs
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Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)
• DACCS technology captures carbon dioxide directly from the air.
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Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS)
• It converts it into useful products or stores it underground.
• It is considered a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change.
Potential Impact
DACCS has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change
However, it is just one piece of the puzzle and should be part of a broader strategy that includes energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other low-carbon technologies.
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Promising Advancements and Limitations of DACCS for Combating Climate Change
• DACCS is a promising technology for reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.
• It has advantages and limitations, and its deployment depends on research and development, policy support, and societal demand.
• With collaboration and innovation, DACCS can be part of a comprehensive
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strategy to achieve a sustainable and low-carbon future. « « j
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Negative Factors
• It's more efficient and cheaper to avoid C02 emissions than to capture C02 .
• Some environmentalists express concern that DACCS could be used as cover for the fossil fuel industry to avoid action.
• In Michael Mann's book The New Climate War, he acknowledges the positive potential of DACCS, but also describes bad-faith advocates of DACCS as "in-activists" who use it as an excuse to continue fossil fuel
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f hanb Vou For Vour Attention
•  The Swiss clean-tech company Climeworks has designed a plant that captures atmospheric C02
Literature Study
www.elsevier.cotn/locate/procedia
International Carbon Conference 2018, ICC 2018, 10-14 September 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland
Creating a carbon dioxide removal solution by combining rapid mineralization of CO2 with direct air capture
Valentin Gutknecht3*, Sandra Osk Snasbj6rnsd6ttirb, Bergur Sigfussonb, Edda Sif
Arad6ttirb, Louise Charles3
"CAimewnrks, Birchstrasse 155, S05i) ZurichSwitzerland ''Reykjavik Energy, Btsjarhdts 1, 109 Reykjavik, Iceland
Abstract
Asa part of the EU-funded CarbFix2 project, Climeworks and Reykjavik Energy have partnered to combine direct air capture (DAC) technology with the injection of CO2 into basalts, for permanent storage by mineralization of the injected carbon. This is the world's first DAC installation that is combined with mineral storage of CO:, There is large potential for further optimization and substantial scale up of this joint operation. The organizations are developing an integrated CO: removal solution that may be expanded and applied globally. This type of solution has been recognized as a crucial component in efforts to mitigate global wanning.
Copyright & 201S Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the publication committee of the International Carbon Conference 20 IS.
Keywords: Carbon Dio\ide Removal; negative emissions technologies: CarbFi\: Reykjavik Energy: Carbon Capture and Storage; COj mineralization: Direct air capture; DAC, Climeworks
• Fundamentally, the Climeworks DAC design is based on an adsorption/desorption process on alkaline functionalized adsorbents.
PHASE 1 PHASE 2
ydH^,        Once the filter is saturated with ^        CO., the filter Is heated to 100 °C.
Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of Climeworks direct air capture process
Valentin Gutknecht et al. /Energy Procedia 146 (2018) 129-134
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