Social epidemiology
Practical exercise 3
1. We have already seen this graph (output from the Global Burden of Disease project) in the lecture
when I tried to explain to you the difference between panels A, B, and C.
Trends in global DALYs from 1990 to 2015 by major group of diseases.
(A) – Global DALYs; (B) – Crude DALY rates; (C) – Age-standardised DALY rates
1.1. Briefly explain the term DALY
1.2. Briefly explain the difference in trends for the various disease groups between panels A and B
1.3. Briefly explain the difference in trends for the various disease groups between panels B and C
1.4. If it were a situation in our country, which of the graphs would be more suitable for:
1.4.1.Assessment of the health status of the population
1.4.2.Assessment of the possible influence of population risk behavior (e.g. obesity, smoking, etc.)
1.4.3.Estimation of the necessary capacity of the healthcare system for the treatment of these diseases
2. What data/indicators can be used for evaluation
2.1. Changes in the health status of the Czech population since 2000?
2.2. Comparison of the health status of the Czech and Austrian populations?
3. What indicators can be used in determining the goals of an intervention in:
3.1. General health?
3.2. The health status of the elderly?
3.3. The health status of the elderly, including morbidity?
3.4. The abilities of the elderly to lead an active life?
4. Several recent studies have published results showing that living near major roads is associated with
the risk of respiratory disease. This relationship is mostly attributed to air pollution from traffic. Can
socio-economic factors also apply in this relationship?
5. The effectiveness of the vaccine is an indicator that you have not yet become familiar with.
A hypothetical example
Total Disease Incidence
Vaccinated 23500 470
Unvaccinated 31200 9360
Relative risk = ..........................................
Attributive risk (risk difference)= ..........................................
attributive % = ....................................................
Risk in exposed – risk in unexposed
attributive %= --------------------------------------------------------
Risk in unexposed
Vaccine efficacy is calculated as
• Attributable risk %
• 1-RR
The efficacy of the vaccine in this case is: ...............................................................