Vypočítejte bod tání a bod varu H2O. K dispozici jsou následující termodynamické údaje: fáze H S G V cp M r T° = 298.15 kJ/mol J/K mol kJ/mol cm3 J/K mol g/mol g/ccm Ta = 273.15 led -291.84 48.06 -236.62 19.65 37.89 18.015 0.917 voda -285.83 69.91 -237.13 18.07 75.19 18.015 0.997 pára -241.82 188.83 -228.57 24789 33.58 18.015 0.00073 Řešení Bez závislosti H a S na teplotě Diagram led voda pára G = H – TS T T Gs Gl Gg Za rovnováhy °C K J/mol J/mol J/mol Gled = Gvoda -30 243.15 -233976.7 -233284.95 -218184.35 Hled – Tr Sled = Hvoda – Tr Svoda -20 253.15 -234457.3 -233984.05 -220072.65 Tr = (Hvoda – Hled) / (Svoda – Sled) -10 263.15 -234937.9 -234683.15 -221960.95 Tr = ΔH / ΔS 0 273.15 -235418.5 -235382.25 -223849.25 voda-led Tr = 275.1 K 1.9 °C 10 283.15 -235899.1 -236081.35 -225737.55 Obdobně voda-pára 20 293.15 -236379.7 -236780.45 -227625.85 voda-pára Tr = 370.1 K 96.9 °C 30 303.15 -236860.3 -237479.55 -229514.15 40 313.15 -237340.9 -238178.65 -231402.45 50 323.15 -237821.5 -238877.75 -233290.75 60 333.15 -238302.1 -239576.85 -235179.05 70 343.15 -238782.7 -240275.95 -237067.35 80 353.15 -239263.3 -240975.05 -238955.65 90 363.15 -239743.9 -241674.15 -240843.95 100 373.15 -240224.5 -242373.25 -242732.25 110 383.15 -240705.1 -243072.35 -244620.55 120 393.15 -241185.7 -243771.45 -246508.85 130 403.15 -241666.3 -244470.55 -248397.15 Se závislostí H a S na teplotě HT2 = HT1 + cp (T2 – T1) T° = 298.15 K ST2 = ST1 + cp ln (T2 / T1) Termodynamika led voda Gled = Gvoda T T Gled Gvoda odhad Tr = 273.2272659 K 0.08 °C °C K J/mol J/mol Gled = -305011.9191 -60 213.15 -302594.2437 -301743.8805 850 Gvoda = -305011.9191 -50 223.15 -302956.4369 -302208.0107 748 ΔG = -2.10712E-08 -40 233.15 -303335.6155 -302705.8471 630 -30 243.15 -303731.0503 -303235.9429 495 Gvoda = Gpára -20 253.15 -304142.0725 -303796.9708 345 odhad Tr = 373.1336427 K 99.98 °C -10 263.15 -304568.066 -304387.7081 180 Gvoda = -312571.8157 0.08 273.23 -305012.0415 -305012.0923 0 Gpára = -312571.8157 10 283.15 -305462.7319 -305653.8758 -191 ΔG = 3.77942E-07 20 293.15 -305930.3865 -306327.2866 -397 25 298.15 -306169.089 -306673.6665 -505 30 303.15 -306410.9687 -307026.3514 -615 40 313.15 -306904.052 -307750.2235 -846 50 323.15 -307409.237 -308498.1106 -1089 60 333.15 -307926.149 -309269.2693 -1343